Articulation exercises in pictures, verses and videos, a step-by-step description of the technique for performing articulatory gymnastics. How to correctly perform articulatory gymnastics with a child?
Articulatory gymnastics in pictures, verses, video.
We pronounce correctly and clearly the sounds of our native language due to the good work of the articulatory apparatus, its mobility and the differentiated work of various organs. In our speech, sounds quickly replace each other, so you need to be able to quickly change the position of the organs of the articulatory apparatus.
Articulating apparatus develops in a child not immediately, but gradually during the life of the baby and his speech practice.
For all preschool children, articulation exercises are useful, which contribute to the formation of precise, clear, differentiated movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. For this it is used articulatory gymnastics.
The purpose of articulatory gymnastics.
The goal of articulatory gymnastics is working out certain positions of the organs of the articulatory apparatus, necessary for the correct pronunciation of the sounds of the native language; development of mobility, accuracy, coordination, differentiation of movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus.
How to check the mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus in a child?
The mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus is necessary for the pronunciation of the sounds of the native language. There are basic movements that are needed to pronounce all the sounds of the native language. It is about these movements that we will now talk about.
First you need to find out if the child can do them separately, and then - whether he can smoothly, quickly and easily switch from one movement to another, his opposite.
Below are the main ones, basic exercises of articulatory gymnastics, where you can train mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. After completing these exercises with your child, you can also check and evaluate how developed his articulatory apparatus is.
Articulation gymnastics: six basic exercises.
Exercise 1. Smile - Tube.
Ask the child to stretch his lips into a smile, while the incisors should be exposed (visible), that is, the smile should be wide.
Verses for the first movement of the articulation exercise:
Shiroka Neva is a river
And the smile is wide.
All my teeth are visible -
From the edges to the gums.
Our lips smiled
They reached straight for the ears.
You try "eeee" say
Show your fence!
Pull your lips straight to your ears
I like frogs very much.
They smile, they laugh
And their eyes are like saucers.
Then ask him to make a "straw". To do this, you need to pull your lips forward into a tube. Please note - when switching, there should be no movement of the lower jaw. Only lips move!
Verses for the second movement of the articulatory exercise:
An elephant came to visit us -
Amazing baby.
Look at the baby elephant -
Pull your lips with a trunk!
I imitate an elephant - I pull my lips with my trunk.
And now I release them and return them to their place.
Poems for alternating the first and second movements in articulation exercise # 1.
If our lips are smiling
Look - the fence appears.
Well, if the lips are a narrow tube,
So we can play the pipe.
Doors-lips are flexible.
They can become a smile.
They can gather in a tube,
Then smile again. (Author - T.A. Kulikovskaya)
Our lips are very flexible.
Deftly stretch into smiles.
And now vice versa:
Lips stretch forward (Author - T.A.Kulikovskaya)
Exercise 2. Open and close the door.
How to do the articulation exercise:
First movement: The teeth should be closed, lips in a smile. The incisors are bared (smile wide). "The door is closed."
Second movement: Teeth open(about two centimeters), lips in a smile, incisors are bared. "The door is open."
The movements in the articulation exercise alternate: there is either closing or opening of the teeth. The lower jaw moves. In this case, the lips should not be involved in the movements. The lower jaw should not protrude forward.
“Together we will open the doors,
And then we will close them. "
Another variant of the game content of this exercise is "Cold - Hot". We open the window when we are hot. And we close the window when it's cold for us.
Exercise 3. Watch.
How to do the articulation exercise:
First, we do the “Smile” exercise: the teeth are open by about two centimeters, the lips are in a smile, the incisors are bared.
Then ask the child to stick out his tongue and turn to the right corner of the mouth. Then make the same movement, but towards the left corner of the mouth.
It is necessary to alternate the movements of the tongue left and right. In this case, the lips are in a smile, the lower jaw should not move to the right or left, but should be motionless!
Poems about the Merry Tongue for Articulation Exercise.
Rested and stretched
Turned to the left, to the right,
Like this, like this:
Tick tock, tick tock.
Exercise 4. Shoulder. Needle.
How to do the articulation exercise:
Movement 1. Place a wide, relaxed tongue on the lower lip. The lips are smiling, the incisors are bared, the mouth is open.
It turned out "Shoulder"
"Let our language rest,
Let him take a little nap. "
Movement 2. Ask the child to stick a narrow tongue between the incisors, lips smiling, incisors bared, mouth open.
It turned out "Needle".
I smile: here is a joker -
The tongue became narrow-narrow.
Between the teeth, like a mote,
A long tongue came out.
Alternating these two movements and switching the position of the tongue from wide to narrow. In this case, the mouth is open, the lips do not move.
That is a needle, that is a shovel
You guys have the tongue. (T.A. Kulikovskaya)
The tongue lies with a spatula
And does not tremble at all.
We are a needle afterwards
Pull the tongue with a sharp point.
Exercise 5. Swing.
How to do the articulation exercise:
Movement 1. Raise the wide tip of the tongue to the tubercles behind the upper teeth (to the alveoli), lips in a smile, incisors bared, mouth open.
Movement 2. Ask the child to lower the wide tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth, lips in a smile, incisors bared, mouth open.
In the exercise, you need to alternate the movements of the wide tip of the tongue up and down.
Poems for Articulation Exercise:
I fly on a swing:
Up - down, up - down.
I sing, I fly, I shout:
Up - down, up - down.
On the swing
I swing
Up down,
Up down,
And I rise higher and higher
And then I fly down.
I rode on a swing:
He flew up and down.
Exercise 6. Kitty.
How to do the articulation exercise:
Movement 1. Lips in a smile, teeth bared, mouth open. It is necessary to bring the wide tip of the tongue closer to the lower incisors.
Movement 2. Move the tip of the tongue along the bottom of the mouth back into the mouth to the hyoid ligament. In this case, the back of the back of the tongue should be curved upwards.
In the exercise, you need to alternate the movements of the tongue back and forth. In this case, the lips are in a smile, the incisors are exposed, the lower jaw does not move.
Poems for Articulation Exercise
Our pussy got angry:
They forgot to wash her bowl.
Don't get close to her -
Pussy can scratch!
You can also make a variant of the exercise - "Slide" and keep the position of the back of the back of the tongue at the top of the count.
The tongue drops by the teeth,
Its tip is pressed against the teeth.
The back bends strongly, strongly,
What a slide it turns out! (Smirnova E.B.)
The back of the tongue now
It will become a little bit with us.
Come on, slide, go up!
We will rush down the hill!
How to evaluate the performance of articulation exercises by the child?
Articulatory gymnastics gives results only if the exercises are performed correctly, accurately, with smooth transitions. If you do it without tracking the technique of performing the exercises, "for show", then it does not reach its goal.
When a child performs articulatory gymnastics, you need to evaluate:
- Smoothness of movement- the movement is performed without interruptions and jerks, easily, smoothly, without twitching.
- Differentiation of movements- the movement is performed only with the tongue without accompanying movements of other organs (lips, lower jaw).
- Regularity and symmetry of movements- the movement is performed symmetrically to the left and to the right.
- Definition- the child knows how to correctly perform this exercise, how the lips and teeth should be positioned in the exercise, how the tongue works, tries to perform the movements clearly, accurately, in full.
- Accuracy- achieving the result of the exercise. The required position of the tongue and lips has been achieved.
- Sustainability- the child can maintain the achieved position of the lips and tongue at the expense of an adult. At first, the adult counts from one to five. Then the duration of holding the position is gradually increased to ten.
- Switchability- the ability to quickly, smoothly, easily repeatedly switch from one movement to another while maintaining the high quality of the exercise.
Be sure to tell your child about his achievements, comparing the performance of the exercises before and now: what he has already begun to get better, what is not yet working out and what we will work on further, what to strive for.
How to do articulatory gymnastics correctly? Helpful hints.
What is the best way to place your child next to you during articulatory gymnastics?
During articulatory gymnastics, the child should sit and not stand or lie on the floor or run. It is better if he does not sit at home on the sofa, but in front of the mirror on a chair with legs resting on a hard surface - the floor. The main thing is that the child has a straight back, the body is not tense, the legs and arms are in a calm position.
During the exercise of articulatory gymnastics, the child should see his face in the mirror. You can do the exercises in front of a large mirror with your child seated next to you. If there is no large mirror, then you can give your child a small mirror, which is convenient at home or when carrying out gymnastics with several children (group). The child controls the correctness of the movements with the help of a mirror.
Also, the child should clearly see your face when you show the movements.
How are exercises for articulatory gymnastics selected?
Exercises for articulatory gymnastics cannot be selected arbitrarily according to your interest or desire, according to the principle "like it or not." They are combined into complexes according to a certain principle.
The complex of articulatory gymnastics includes exercises that are needed for a certain group of sounds of the native language. For example, there is a complex of articulatory gymnastics for sibilant sounds. You can find it in the article There is a complex that contributes to the development of positions and movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus necessary for pronouncing the sound R. You will find it in the article That is articulatory gymnastics complex Is a clearly substantiated system of articulatory exercises that prepares the articulatory apparatus for pronouncing a certain group of sounds of native speech.
First, individual articulation exercises of the complex are practiced, and then exercises are given for switching from one exercise - movement to another movement. The principle of selection of exercises - from simple to complex.
If a certain movement is difficult for a child or a group of children, then they do not go further. First, they work out this difficult movement, and then they introduce new exercises. In order that the old exercise does not bother the child, it is introduced into different plots.
Is there a universal articulatory gymnastics complex for all sounds?
One of the variants of such a basic complex for checking the mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus is given in this article.
Another simple basic complex from which you can start articulatory gymnastics classes with children can be found in the article
When and how often do you need to do articulatory gymnastics with children?
You need to do gymnastics daily. Since when new movements are being worked out, they must be fixed, become habitual, durable, more and more accurate and light.
Time for articulatory gymnastics is approximately 3-5 minutes. It is very convenient to do it before breakfast or morning exercises.
Earlier, articulatory gymnastics was carried out daily in the morning in kindergarten in each group. Each child had his own mirror, there was a complex that was practiced with the kids on a daily basis. Now, unfortunately, this is not the case. But - a low bow to those educators who do this work on sounds in kindergarten, which is very necessary for children! And they continue to do it now! This work is not very noticeable, but the results are remarkable! Thank you for your love for children, for your work, for your native language!
How to conduct articulatory gymnastics with children of different ages?
At any age, articulatory gymnastics is carried out vividly, cheerfully, emotionally, in a game!
With children of three years old all exercises are carried out in the form of a fun fairy tale game. The plot of the fairy tale can be invented by yourself and changed, including in it various articulatory exercises from the complex.
There are no great requirements for the technique of performing exercises at this age. The main thing is that the kids learn the basic skills.
With children of four years old also used game techniques and game plots - "fairy tales of the Merry Tongue." Exercise requirements increase. Children get to know the organs of the articulatory apparatus in a playful way. They learn that the mouth is the home of the tongue. That this house has two doors - one of them is lips, and the other is teeth. And they learn to perform the basic complexes of articulation exercises.
With children of five already articulatory gymnastics is carried out differently. It is necessary to carefully monitor the clarity and smoothness of movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus, for the correctness of the exercise in all its nuances. Children are taught to hold the position of the organs of the articulatory apparatus for 5 to 10 seconds (at the expense of an adult). Exercises are carried out not only at a slow or medium, but also at a fast pace, since the movements are already well developed and familiar to the child.
All complexes of articulatory gymnastics are being practiced.
With children of six years old the emphasis is on the development of phonemic hearing. And articulatory gymnastics includes exercises for the differentiation of different sounds.
How to do articulatory gymnastics with a group of children?
In order for articulatory gymnastics to give results, an adult must see the exercises performed by each child! Is this possible with a group of kids? Yes. In this case, articulatory gymnastics is carried out as follows:
- First, the adult talks about the exercise, shows a picture, reads a rhyme.
- Then the adult shows the correct execution of the exercise, explains how to do the movements.
- Further, the children perform the movement.
- An adult checks the performance of the movement in subgroups (no more than five people in one subgroup), comments on the correctness of the exercise.
If the exercise is well performed by all children of the group, except for a few people, then additional individual work should be done with such children. And ask your parents to support you and your child and do articulation exercises at home.
Should the child succeed in articulation exercises right away or not?
As a rule, the child does not do well at first. His movements are tense, there is no lightness and smoothness. Then, gradually, as the training progresses, the tension during the exercise disappears, the coordination of movements increases, unnecessary accompanying movements disappear, the movement becomes more symmetrical.
If, despite your efforts, the child still does not get movements or they are performed asymmetrically (in relation to the right and left half of the face), then it is best to contact a speech therapist. Also, a speech therapist should be consulted if the child does not work out the smoothness, accuracy and stability of the movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus for a long time.
What to do if your child is unable to do the articulation exercise? I told him about it, but now he doesn't want to study.
If the child does not succeed in the articulation exercise, then in no case should you get upset yourself! You also cannot tell the child that he is not doing well! Otherwise, he will simply refuse to continue studying. Indeed, for kids, articulatory gymnastics is a real load and training.
The best thing:
1) Immediately tell the child that in this exercise he already succeeds: "You see what a beautiful smile you have!" , “Your tongue is wide! Well done! ”, Praise for it.
2) Then show the child the exercise again, focusing on the nuance that he did not understand and that is not yet possible. And set a new task - “We are already getting it. And now we are going to teach the tongue ... (we name what exactly).
Articulatory gymnastics: video of articulatory exercises.
A funny video encyclopedia of articulatory gymnastics for preschoolers.
In each short video you will see a picture for the exercise, a rhyme and a child doing the exercise. The videos are not mine and are taken from free access to youtube. If you have any wishes for their authors - write to their channel. If you are ready to provide for this article your high-quality videos with the performance of articulation exercises by children for free, then I am always glad. Write :-). So far I have not found other videos - if you help us find them, it will be great!
3.1. Articulation exercise "Frog"
3.2. Articulation Exercise "Comb"
3.3. Articulation exercise "Sail"
3.4. Articulation exercise "Cup"
3.5. Articulation exercise "Cat"
3.6. Articulation exercise "Delicious Jam"
is of great benefit to the child. Do it with joy, come up with your own game plots, do not forget to do it every day, and the result will definitely be! I wish you success!
You will find many useful and interesting materials on the development of children's speech in the articles of the headings and
If this article helped you or you have any questions, I will be glad if you leave a comment!
Until next time on the site "Native Path"!
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"Development of speech from 0 to 7 years: what is important to know and what to do. Cheat sheet for parents"
Consultation for parents "Articulatory gymnastics"
The pronunciation of sounds is associated with the work of the muscles of the lips, tongue, palate. For correct pronunciation you need strong, elastic, movable organs of articulation. Articulation gymnastics is an exercise aimed at strengthening and developing the muscles of the articulatory apparatus. Articulation gymnastics is a preparatory stage for the production of sounds.
When performing articulatory gymnastics, the following requirements should be observed:
* Perform each movement in front of the mirror.
* Perform movements slowly, rhythmically, clearly.
* Remember, gymnastics should not bother the child. Make sure that he does not get tired of her. It is best to do gymnastics for 3-5 minutes several times a day.
* Don't be discouraged if some exercises don't work the first time. Try to repeat them with your child. Be patient, gentle and calm and you will succeed.
COMPLEX OF ARTICULATION EXERCISES FOR WHISTLING SOUNDS
1. "Frog" - smile, show closed teeth. Keep your lips in this position, counting to 5.
Perform 3-4 times.
2. "Watch" - smile, open your mouth. Stretch the tip of the tongue alternately to the left corner of the mouth, then to the right. Repeat 5-10 times.
3. "We brush our teeth" - smile so that the lower teeth are visible, open your mouth. With the tip of the tongue, drive along the inner surface of the lower incisors, without going into the molars. Repeat 5-6 times.
COMPLEX OF ARTICULATION EXERCISES FOR HINGING SOUNDS (shhhh).
1. "Proboscis (Elephant)" - stretch your lips forward with a tube. Hold in this position counting up to 5-10. Repeat 3-4 times.
2. "Painter" - open the mouth wide so that the upper incisors are visible. Lead the tip of the tongue along the palate from the incisors to the neck and again to the teeth, do not tear the tongue from the palate. Keep your mouth open (6-8 times).
3. "Delicious jam" - open your mouth. With a wide tongue, lick the upper lip from top to bottom, removing the tongue deep into the mouth. Try not to close your mouth. Repeat 5-6 times.
4. "Cup" - smile, open your mouth, stick out your tongue and pull it to your nose. Try to keep the sides of the tongue bent in the form of a cup ("so that tea does not spill"). Try not to support your tongue with your lower lip. Hold the tongue in this position counting up to 5, then up to 10. repeat 3-4 times.
COMPLEX OF ARTICULATION EXERCISES FOR SONORAL SOUNDS (lr ry).
1. "Let's punish the naughty tongue" - focus the tip of the tongue.
2. "We brush our teeth" - smile so that the upper teeth are visible. Open your mouth. With the tip of the tongue, drive along the outer, then along the inner surface of the upper incisors, without going over the molars.
3. "Swing" - the mouth is open wide, the upper and lower incisors are visible. Place the tip of the tongue alternately behind the upper and lower incisors. Do not close the mouth. (8-10 times)
4. "Woodpecker" - open the mouth, knock on the palate with the tip of the tongue: "d-d-d" (slowly, then quickly)
5. "Painter" - open the mouth wide so that the upper incisors are visible. Lead the tip of the tongue along the palate from the incisors to the neck and again to the teeth, do not tear the tongue from the palate. Keep your mouth open (6-8 times).
6. "Suction cup" - suck the tongue to the palate, open the mouth, pull the hyoid ligament. open your mouth. Repeat 5-6 times.
7. "Horse" - click the tongue 10-15 times.
Literature:
E. Kosinova. Articulatory gymnastics. Fairy tales, games, exercises for the development of speech. "Eksmo", 2007.
Synopsis of an integrated lesson on the development of speech and theatrical activity in preparatory
Articulatory gymnastics for preschoolers
A child's literate, clean and rhythmic speech is achieved through the joint efforts of teachers and parents. Such speech is characterized by the correct pronunciation of sounds.
“The correct pronunciation of sounds is ensured by good mobility and differentiated work of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. Articulatory gymnastics helps to develop clear and coordinated movements of the articulatory apparatus "(Pozhilenko EA" Articulatory gymnastics ").
For children 2-4 years old, articulatory gymnastics will help to find the purposefulness of the movements of the tongue. Remember that at this age you are helping your baby to achieve the correct sound pronunciation. For children 5-7 years old and beyond, articulatory gymnastics will help to overcome the already existing disorders.
In the initial period, articulatory gymnastics must be carried out in front of a mirror. The child must see what the tongue is doing. We adults do not think about where our tongue is. We already have an automated skill. And the child needs to gain through visual perception, this automatism, constantly exercising.
It is better to carry out articulatory gymnastics in the form of a fairy tale for 5-7 minutes.
Dear parents and grandparents! Be patient. After all, performing articulation exercises, it is sometimes very difficult for a child. Never scold your child. More praise and encouragement, because this is the key to success.
A set of exercises for articulatory gymnastics
The tongue lives in the mouth.
Never gets tired.
So that he was dexterous, skillful,
To obey you
Do your exercises every day
In front of the mirror, joking!
Let's go to the zoo now
See who will meet us.
At the entrance to the zoo, the tongue took away flower bed... The flowers were so beautiful that he wanted to smell them. He smelled one flower and exclaimed: “ Oh, how it smells!"He sniffed another and again exclaimed:" Oh, how it smells!»
Hello, my dear flower.
The tongue smiled.
I'll play with you
I breathe your scent.
Description
Inhale through the nose - "smell" the flower; as you exhale, say "Oh, how it smells!" Repeat 2-3 times.
Description
We learn to open and close our mouths wide and calmly.
We repeat the exercise 3-5 times. We give the child time to rest and relax. We offer to swallow saliva.
Description
Smile, open your mouth wide, put the wide tip of the tongue behind the front upper teeth on the tubercles, bend the back slightly forward, press the lateral edges to the upper molars. Hold the tongue in this position for a count of 1 to 10. This is how we develop the stretch of the hyoid ligament; the ability to relax the muscles of the tongue in an elevated position.
Description
We learn to do an exercise that speech therapists call "Smile".
We spread the corners of the lips wide, exposing the clenched teeth.
We return the lips to a calm position. We give the child time to rest and relax. We offer to swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
Description
Learn to do the "Proboscis" exercise.
We stretch our lips forward, as for a kiss, hold in this position for 3-5 seconds. We return the lips to a calm position. We give the child time to rest and relax. We offer to swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
Description
At the "time" - stretch your lips in a smile, teeth with a fence. On the count of "two" - the lips are folded in a tube, the teeth are in the same position. Perform 5-7 times. Thus, we develop lip mobility.
Description
Learning to do the "Hamster" exercise.
We suggest that the baby puff out his cheeks with his mouth closed and hold in this position for 3-5 seconds, and then exhale, relax, swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
Description
Learning to do the "Shovel" exercise.
We open our mouth wide. We put a soft, calm tongue on the lower lip. We delay it for 3-5 seconds. We remove the tongue. We give the child time to rest and relax, we suggest to swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
Description
Learning to do the exercise "Kitten lapping milk".
We open our mouth wide, do 4-5 movements with our wide tongue, as if lapping milk. We close our mouth. We remove the tongue. We give the child time to rest and relax, we suggest to swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
Description
Learning to do the exercise "Cup".
We open our mouth wide, put a wide tongue on the lower lip, bend the edges of the tongue with a "cup" and slowly lift it by the upper teeth. Then we invite the child to lower the tongue, close his mouth, relax, swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
Description
We open our mouth wide, put a calm, relaxed tongue on the lower lip, transfer it to the upper lip, return it to the lower lip, and again raise it to the upper lip. We carry out 6-8 times. We remove the tongue, close the mouth. We give the child time to rest and relax, we suggest to swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
Description
Learn to do the "Pendulum" exercise.
We open our mouth, stretch our lips into a smile, stretch our tongue, tighten it, touch the sharp tip of the tongue to the left or right corners of the lips. We make sure that the tongue moves through the air, and not along the lower lip, so that the lower jaw does not swing. We carry out 6-8 times. We remove the tongue, close the mouth. We give the child time to rest and relax, we suggest to swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
Description
Learning to do the "Delicious honey" exercise.
We open our mouth wide, draw the sharp tip of the tongue along the upper lip from left to right and back. Make sure that the lower jaw does not move. We carry out 6-8 times. We remove the tongue, close the mouth. We give the child time to rest and relax, we suggest to swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
Description
Learn to do the exercise "Bridge".
We open our mouth. Having bent the back of the tongue, we rest its tip on the lower teeth from the inside of the mouth. We hold in this position for 3-5 seconds. Slowly we bring together and clench our teeth, close our mouth. The "bridge" stands behind closed teeth. Then we offer the child to straighten the tongue, relax, swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.
Description
Stick the narrow tip of your tongue out of your mouth without touching your lips. Keep it in this position for a count from 1 to 10. Thus, we learn to strain the lateral muscles of the tongue and hold it in this position for a long time.
Description
The mouth is open. Put the tongue forward as far as possible, strain and make it narrow. With a narrow tongue, push and pull as much as possible deep into the mouth. Do the movements at a slow pace. Perform 5-6 times. In this way, we develop the lateral muscles of the tongue.
So an hour passes, another,
It's time for the tongue to go home!
The consultation was prepared by the speech therapist teacher Malysheva E.V.
When compiling, the materials of the books were used:
E. Kosinova "Gymnastics for the development of speech" publishing house "ESKMO" and "Library of Ilya Rezniki" 2003,
MF Fomicheva "Education in children of correct pronunciation", publishing house Enlightenment, 1989,
N. V. Nishcheva "Cheerful articulatory gymnastics", Publishing House Childhood-Press, 2009.
Pozhilenko E.A. "Articulating gymnastics" publishing house "KARO" St. Petersburg, 2009
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Articulatory gymnastics.Exercises for lips, cheeks, tongue, lower jaw. Exercises to develop the correct pronunciation of the sound P, sound L, hissing. Unconventional exercises for articulatory motor skills. Breathing exercises.
The sounds of speech are formed as a result of a complex complex of movements of the articulatory organs - kinem. The development of a particular kinema opens up the possibility of mastering those speech sounds that could not be pronounced due to its absence. We correctly pronounce various sounds, both in isolation and in the speech stream, thanks to the strength, good mobility and differentiated work of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. Thus, pronunciation of speech sounds is a complex motor skill.
Already from infancy, the child makes a lot of various articulatory-mimic movements with the tongue, lips, jaw, accompanying these movements with diffuse sounds (muttering, babbling). Such movements are the first stage in the development of a child's speech; they play the role of gymnastics of the organs of speech in the natural conditions of life. The precision, strength and differentiation of these movements develop gradually in the child.
For clear articulation, you need strong, elastic and mobile organs of speech - tongue, lips, palate. Articulation is associated with the work of numerous muscles, including: chewing, swallowing, mimic. The process of voice formation occurs with the participation of the respiratory organs (larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles). Thus, speaking about special speech therapy gymnastics, one should bear in mind the exercises of numerous organs and muscles of the face, mouth, shoulder girdle, chest.
Articulation gymnastics is the basis for the formation of speech sounds - phonemes - and the correction of violations of sound pronunciation of any etiology and pathogenesis; it includes exercises for training the mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus, working out certain positions of the lips, tongue, soft palate, which are necessary for the correct pronunciation of both all sounds and each sound of a particular group.
The goal of articulatory gymnastics is the development of full-fledged movements and certain positions of the organs of the articulatory apparatus, which are necessary for the correct pronunciation of sounds.
Recommendations for conducting articulatory gymnastics exercises
1. It is necessary to carry out articulatory gymnastics daily so that the skills developed in children are consolidated. It is better to do the exercises 3-4 times a day for 3-5 minutes. Children should not be offered more than 2-3 exercises at a time.
2. Each exercise is performed 5-7 times.
3. Static exercises are performed for 10-15 seconds (holding the articulatory posture in one position).
4. When choosing exercises for articulatory gymnastics, a certain sequence must be followed, go from simple exercises to more complex ones. It is better to spend them emotionally, in a playful way.
5. Of the two or three exercises performed, only one can be new, the second and third are given for repetition and consolidation. If the child does not perform some exercise well enough, new exercises should not be introduced, it is better to work out the old material. To consolidate it, you can come up with new game techniques.
6. Articulation exercises are performed while sitting, since in this position the child has a straight back, the body is not tense, the arms and legs are in a calm position.
7. The child must clearly see the face of an adult, as well as his own face, in order to independently control the correctness of the exercises. Therefore, a child and an adult should be in front of a wall mirror during articulatory gymnastics. Also, the child can use a small hand-held mirror (approximately 9x12 cm), but then the adult must be in front of the child, facing him.
8. It is better to start gymnastics with exercises for the lips.
Articulation gymnastics organization
1. An adult talks about the upcoming exercise using play techniques.
2. An adult demonstrates the exercise.
3. Exercise is done by the child, and the adult controls the performance.
An adult conducting articulatory gymnastics must monitor the quality of the movements performed by the child: movement accuracy, smoothness, pace of performance, stability, transition from one movement to another. It is also important to ensure that the movements of each organ of articulation are performed symmetrically in relation to the right and left sides of the face. Otherwise, articulatory gymnastics does not achieve its goal.
4. If the child does not get some kind of movement, help him (with a spatula, the handle of a teaspoon, or just a clean finger).
5. In order for the child to find the correct position of the tongue, for example, lick the upper lip, smear it with jam, chocolate or something else that your child loves. Be creative when doing exercises.
At first, when children perform exercises, the tension of the movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus is observed. Gradually, the tension disappears, the movements become relaxed and at the same time coordinated.
The system of exercises for the development of articulatory motor skills should include both static exercises and exercises aimed at developing dynamic coordination of speech movements.
Before proceeding with the exercises, be sure to read the recommendations for conducting articulatory gymnastics.
Lip exercises
1. Smile.
Holding lips in a smile. The teeth are not visible.
2. Proboscis (Tubule).
Pulling the lips forward with a long tube.
3. Fence.
The lips are in a smile, the teeth are closed in a natural bite and are visible.
4. Bagel (Shout).
The teeth are closed. The lips are rounded and slightly extended forward. The upper and lower incisors are visible.
5. Fence - Bagel. Smile - Proboscis.
Alternating lip positions.
6. Rabbit.
The teeth are closed. The upper lip is raised and exposes the upper incisors.
Exercises to develop lip mobility
1. Biting and scratching first the upper and then the lower lip with the teeth.
2. Smile - Tube.
Pull the lips forward with a tube, then stretch the lips into a smile.
3. Piglet.
Lips stretched out with a tube move left and right, rotate in a circle.
4. Fish talk.
Clap your lips together (a dull sound is pronounced).
5. Squeeze the upper lip by the nasolabial fold with the thumb and forefingers of one hand and the lower lip with two fingers of the other hand and stretch them up and down.
6. Strongly pull the cheeks inward, and then sharply open the mouth. It is necessary to ensure that when performing this exercise, a characteristic "kiss" sound is heard.
7. Duck.
Stretch the lips, squeeze them so that the thumbs are under the lower lip, and all the rest are on the upper lip, and pull the lips forward as much as possible, massaging them and trying to depict the beak of the duck.
8. Dissatisfied horse.
The flow of exhaled air can be easily and actively sent to the lips until they begin to vibrate. The result is a sound similar to the snort of a horse.
9. The mouth is wide open, the lips are drawn into the mouth, pressing tightly against the teeth.
If the lips are very weak:
- puff out your cheeks strongly, holding the air in your mouth with all your might,
- holding a pencil (plastic tube) with your lips, draw a circle (square),
- hold a gauze napkin with your lips - an adult tries to pull it out.
Exercises for lips and cheeks
1. Biting, patting and rubbing the cheeks.
2. A well-fed hamster.
Inflate both cheeks, then inflate the cheeks alternately.
3. Hungry hamster.
Draw in your cheeks.
4. The mouth is closed. Beat the inflated cheeks with a fist, as a result of which the air comes out with force and noise.
Static Tongue Exercises
1. Chicks.
The mouth is wide open, the tongue lies calmly in the mouth.
2. Spatula.
The mouth is open, a wide, relaxed tongue rests on the lower lip.
3. A cup.
The mouth is wide open. The front and side edges of the wide tongue are raised, but do not touch the teeth.
4. Needle (Arrow. Sting).
The mouth is open. The narrow, tense tongue is pushed forward.
5. Gorka (Pussy is angry).
The mouth is open. The tip of the tongue rests against the lower incisors, the back of the tongue is raised up.
6. Tubule.
The mouth is open. The lateral edges of the tongue are bent upward.
7. Fungus.
The mouth is open. Suck the tongue to the palate.
Dynamic language exercises.
1. Clock (Pendulum).
The mouth is open. The lips are stretched into a smile. With the tip of a narrow tongue, alternately reach under the teacher's account to the corners of the mouth.
2. Snake.
The mouth is wide open. Push the narrow tongue strongly forward and remove it deep into the mouth.
3. Swing.
The mouth is open. With a tense tongue, reach for the nose and chin, or for the upper and lower incisors.
4. Football (Hide the candy).
The mouth is closed. With a tense tongue, rest on one or the other cheek.
5. Brushing your teeth.
The mouth is closed. With a circular motion of the tongue, circle between the lips and teeth.
6. Coil.
The mouth is open. The tip of the tongue rests against the lower incisors, the lateral edges are pressed against the upper molars. The wide tongue rolls forward and retracts deep into the mouth.
7. Horse.
Suck your tongue to the palate, click your tongue. Click slowly and forcefully, pull the hyoid ligament.
8. Accordion.
The mouth is open. Suck the tongue to the palate. Without lifting the tongue from the palate, strongly pull down the lower jaw.
9. Painter.
The mouth is open. With the wide tip of the tongue, like a brush, we lead from the upper incisors to the soft palate.
10. Delicious jam.
The mouth is open. Lick the upper lip with a wide tongue and remove the tongue deep into the mouth.
11. Lick the lips.
The mouth is open. Lick the upper lip first, then the lower lip in a circle.
Exercises to develop lower jaw mobility
1. Cowardly chick.
Open and close your mouth wide so that the corners of the lips stretch. The jaw drops about a distance of two fingers' width. The "chick" tongue sits in the nest and does not protrude. The exercise is performed rhythmically.
2. Sharks.
On the count of "one" the jaw goes down, on "two" - the jaw moves to the right (the mouth is open), on the count of "three" - the jaw is lowered into place, on "four" - the jaw moves to the left, on "five" - the jaw is down, on "six" - the jaw is pushed forward, "seven" - the chin is in the usual comfortable position, the lips are closed. Exercise should be done slowly and carefully, avoiding sudden movements.
3. Imitation of chewing with a closed and open mouth.
4. Monkey.
The jaw drops downward with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin.
5. Angry lion.
The jaw drops downward with the maximum extension of the tongue to the chin and the mental pronunciation of the sounds a or e on a firm attack, more difficult - with a whisper of these sounds.
6. Strongman.
The mouth is open. Imagine that a weight is hung on the chin, which must be lifted up, while lifting the chin and tensing the muscles under it. Close your mouth gradually. Relax.
7. Put your hands on the table, put your palms one on top of the other, rest your chin on your palms. Opening your mouth, press your chin on the resisting palms. Relax.
8. Lower the jaw downward overcoming resistance (an adult holds a hand under the child's jaw).
9. Open your mouth with the head tilted back, overcoming the resistance of an adult's hand lying on the back of the child's head.
10. Teasers.
Open your mouth wide, often and say: pa-pa-pa.
11. Silently, drawl (on one exhale) pronounce the vowel sounds:
aaaaaaaaaaaaa
yayayayayayayayayayaya (distance between the teeth in two fingers);
ooohhh
ёёёёёёёёёёёё (distance between the teeth in one finger);
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii (mouth slightly open).
13. Pronounce several vowel sounds together and drawl on one exhale:
aaaaaeeeeeee
aaaaaeeeee
aaaaaiiiii
niiiiaaaaa
oooooooooooo
aaaaaiiiiiioooooo
niiiieeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
aaaaaiiiiiieeeeeeeeoooooo, etc.
Make sure that the mouth is wide enough when making sounds.
14. Say proverbs, sayings, tongue twisters, which are saturated with vowel sounds that require a wide opening of the mouth.
Small, but daring.
Two of a Kind.
Found a scythe on a stone.
Know the edge, but don't fall.
As the fisherman is, so is the fish.
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
A snake has a hedgehog, a hedgehog has a hedgehog.
In the process of performing the exercises, make sure that the lower jaw drops freely down, first pronounce the vowel sounds a little underlined.
Training the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate
1. Yawning with your mouth open and closed.
Yawning with a wide opening of the mouth, noisy intake of air.
2. Cough arbitrarily.
It is good to clear your throat with your mouth wide open, clenching your fists tightly.
Cough with tongue sticking out.
3. Simulate gargling with your head thrown back.
Gargle with a heavy liquid (jelly, juice with pulp, kefir).
4. Swallow water in small portions (20 - 30 sips).
Swallow drops of water, juice.
5. Inflate your cheeks with a pinched nose.
6. Slowly pronounce the sounds k, r, t, d.
7. Imitate:
- moan,
- moo,
- whistle.
8. Throw back your head overcoming resistance. An adult holds a hand on the back of a child's head.
Lower your head overcoming resistance. An adult holds a hand on the forehead of a child.
Throw back and lower your head while pressing your chin firmly on the fists of both hands.
9. Extend your tongue to the chin, pull it into your mouth overcoming resistance. The adult tries to keep the child's tongue out of the mouth.
10. Pronounce the vowel sounds a, e, and, o, y on a solid attack.
11. Pronounce, holding the tip of the protruding tongue with your fingers, and-a. The sound "and" is separated from the sound "a" by a pause.
12. Inflate rubber toys, blow bubbles.
A set of exercises to develop the correct pronunciation of the sound P
1. Whose teeth are cleaner?
Purpose: to develop the rise of the tongue and the ability to speak the language.
Description: open your mouth wide and use the tip of your tongue to "brush" your upper teeth from the inside, making movements with your tongue from side to side.
Attention!
1. Lips in a smile, upper and lower teeth are visible.
2. Make sure that the tip of the tongue does not protrude, does not bend inward, but is at the roots of the upper teeth.
3. The lower jaw is motionless; only the language works.
2. Painter
Purpose: to work out the movement of the tongue up and its mobility.
Description: smile, open your mouth and "stroke" the palate with the tip of your tongue, making your tongue move back and forth.
Attention!
1. Lips and lower jaw should be motionless.
2. Make sure that the tip of the tongue reaches the inner surface of the upper teeth as it moves forward and does not protrude from the mouth.
3. Who will drive the ball next?
Purpose: to generate a smooth, long, continuous air stream going down the middle of the tongue.
Description: smile, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip and, as if uttering the sound "f" for a long time, blow the cotton wool to the opposite edge of the table.
Attention!
2. Do not puff out your cheeks.
3. Make sure that the child pronounces the sound "f", and not the sound "x", ie so that the air stream is narrow and not diffused.
4. Delicious jam.
Attention!
5. Turkey.
Purpose: to develop the rise of the tongue upward, the mobility of its front part.
Description: open your mouth, put your tongue on the upper lip and make movements with the wide front edge of the tongue along the upper lip forward and backward, trying not to lift the tongue from the lip - as if stroking it. First, make slow movements, then speed up the tempo and add voice until you hear bl-bl (like a turkey chattering).
Attention! 1. Make sure that the tongue is wide and not narrowed.
2. Make sure that the movements of the tongue were back and forth, and not from side to side.
6. Drummers.
Purpose: to strengthen the muscles of the tip of the tongue, to develop lifting the tongue up and the ability to make the tip of the tongue tense.
Description: smile, open your mouth and tap the tip of your tongue on the upper alveoli, repeatedly and distinctly pronouncing a sound reminiscent of the English sound "d". At first, pronounce the "d" sound slowly, gradually increase the tempo.
Attention!
1. The mouth should be open all the time, the lips in a smile, the lower jaw is motionless; only the language works.
2. Make sure that the sound "d" has the character of a clear blow, not squishy.
3. The tip of the tongue should not curl up.
4. The sound "d" should be pronounced so that the exhaled air stream is felt. To do this, you need to bring a piece of cotton wool to your mouth. If the exercise is performed correctly, it will deviate.
A set of exercises for developing the correct pronunciation of the sound L
1. Punish the naughty tongue.
Purpose: to develop the ability to relax the muscles of the tongue, keep it wide, spread out.
Attention!
2.
The tongue should be wide, its edges touching the corners of the mouth.
3.
You need to slap your tongue with your lips several times on one exhale. Make sure that the child does not hold the exhaled air.
2. Delicious jam.
Objective: To develop a movement of the wide front of the tongue upward and a position of the tongue close to the shape of the cup.
Description: open your mouth slightly and lick the upper lip with the wide front edge of the tongue, making a movement with the tongue from top to bottom, but not from side to side.
Attention!
1. Make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw does not help, does not "put" the tongue up - it must be motionless (you can hold it with your finger).
2. The tongue should be wide, its lateral edges touching the corners of the mouth.
3. The steamer hums.
Purpose: to develop the rise of the back of the tongue up.
Description: open your mouth and for a long time utter the sound "y" (like a steamer is buzzing).
Attention!
Make sure that the tip of the tongue is lowered and located in the depths of the mouth, and the back is raised to the sky.
4. Turkey.
Purpose: to develop the rise of the tongue upward, the mobility of its front part.
Description: open your mouth, put your tongue on the upper lip and make movements with the wide front edge of the tongue along the upper lip forward and backward, trying not to lift the tongue from the lip - as if stroking it. First, make slow movements, then speed up the tempo and add a voice until you hear bl-bl (like a turkey swamps).
Attention!
1. Make sure that the tongue is wide and not narrowed.
2. So that the movements of the tongue were back and forth, and not from side to side.
3. The tongue should "lick" the upper lip, and not be thrown forward.
5. Swing.
Purpose: to develop the ability to quickly change the position of the language, which is necessary when combining the sound л with the vowels a, s, o, y. Description: smile, show your teeth, open your mouth, put a wide tongue behind the lower teeth (from the inside) and hold in this position for a count of one to five. So alternately change the position of the tongue 4-6 times.
Attention!
Make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw and lips remain motionless.
6. Horse.
Purpose: to strengthen the muscles of the tongue and develop a lift of the tongue upward.
Description: smile, show your teeth, open your mouth and click the tip of your tongue (like a horse claps its hooves).
Attention!
1. The exercise is first performed at a slow pace, then faster.
2. The lower jaw should not move; only the language works.
3. Make sure that the tip of the tongue does not curl inward, ie. so that the child clicks his tongue, not smacks.
7. The horse rides quietly.
Purpose: to develop upward movement of the tongue and help the child to determine the place of the tongue when pronouncing the sound "l".
Description: the child should make the same movements with the tongue as in the previous exercise, only silently.
Attention!
1. Make sure that the lower jaw and lips are motionless: the exercise is performed only by the tongue.
2. The tip of the tongue should not bend inward.
3. The tip of the tongue rests against the palate behind the upper teeth, and does not protrude from the mouth.
8. The breeze is blowing.
Purpose: to generate an air jet outgoing along the edges of the tongue.
Description: smile, open your mouth, bite the tip of your tongue with your front teeth and blow. Check the presence and direction of the air stream with a cotton swab.
Attention! Make sure that the air does not come out in the middle, but from the corners of the mouth.
A set of exercises for developing the correct pronunciation of hissing sounds (w, w, w, h)
1. Punish the naughty tongue.
Purpose: to develop skill by relaxing the muscles of the tongue, keeping it wide, spread out.
Description: open your mouth a little, calmly put your tongue on your lower lip and, spanking it with your lips, pronounce the sounds five-five-five ... Keep your wide tongue in a calm position, with your mouth open, counting from one to five to ten.
Attention!
1. The lower lip should not be twisted and pulled over the lower teeth.
2. The tongue should be wide, its edges touching the corners of the mouth.
3. It is necessary to slap the tongue with your lips several times on one exhalation. Make sure that the child does not hold the exhaled air.
You can control the implementation like this: bring a cotton swab to the child's mouth, if he does the exercise correctly, it will deviate. At the same time, this exercise contributes to the development of a directed air stream.
2. Make the tongue wide.
Purpose: to develop the ability to hold the tongue in a calm, relaxed position.
Description: smile, open your mouth, put the wide front edge of your tongue on your lower lip. Keep him in this position by counting from one to five to ten.
Attention!
1. Do not stretch the lips into a strong smile, so that there is no tension.
2. Make sure that the lower lip does not twist.
3. Do not stick your tongue out far, it should only cover the lower lip.
4. The lateral edges of the tongue should touch the corners of the mouth.
3. Glue the candy.
Purpose: to strengthen the muscles of the tongue and to work out lifting the tongue up.
Description: Place the wide tip of your tongue on your lower lip. On the very edge of the tongue, put a thin piece of toffee, glue a piece of candy to the palate behind the upper teeth.
Attention!
1. Make sure that only the tongue works, the lower jaw should be motionless.
2. Open the mouth no wider than 1.5-2 cm.
3. If the lower jaw is involved in the movement, you can put the child's clean index finger on the side between the molars (then he will not close his mouth).
4. Perform the exercise at a slow pace.
4. Fungus.
Purpose: To develop a lift of the tongue up, stretching the hyoid ligament (frenum).
Description: smile, show your teeth, open your mouth and, pressing your wide tongue flat against the palate, open your mouth wide. (The tongue will resemble a thin mushroom cap, and the stretched hyoid ligament will resemble its stem.)
Attention!
1. Make sure your lips are in a smiling position.
2. The lateral edges of the tongue should be pressed equally tightly - neither half should fall.
3. When repeating the exercise, you must open your mouth wider.
5. Who will drive the ball further.
Purpose: to generate a smooth, long, continuous air stream going down the middle of the tongue. Description: smile, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip and, as if uttering the sound f for a long time, blow the cotton wool to the opposite edge of the table.
Attention!
1. The lower lip should not be pulled over the lower teeth.
2. Do not puff out your cheeks.
3. Make sure that the child pronounces the sound f, and not the sound x, ie so that the air stream is narrow and not diffused.
6. Delicious jam.
Purpose: to develop the movement of the wide front part of the tongue upward and the position of the tongue, close to the shape of the cup, which it takes when pronouncing hissing sounds.
Description: open your mouth slightly and lick the upper lip with the wide front edge of the tongue, making a movement with the tongue from top to bottom, but not from side to side.
Attention!
1. Make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw does not help, does not "put" the tongue up - it must be motionless (you can hold it with your finger).
2. The tongue should be wide, its lateral edges touching the corners of the mouth.
3. If the exercise does not work out, you need to return to the exercise "Punish the disobedient tongue". As soon as the tongue becomes flat, you need to lift it up and wrap it over the upper lip.
7. Accordion.
Purpose: to strengthen the muscles of the tongue, to stretch the hyoid ligament (bridle).
Description: smile, open your mouth, glue your tongue to the palate and, without lowering your tongue, close and open your mouth (like the bellows of an accordion stretch, so the hyoid frenulum is stretched). The lips are in a smiling position. When repeating the exercise, you should try to open your mouth wider and longer and keep your tongue in the upper position.
Attention!
1. Make sure that the lips are motionless when opening the mouth.
2. Open and close the mouth, holding it in each position for a count of three to ten.
3. Make sure that one side of the tongue does not sag when opening the mouth.
8. Focus.
Purpose: to develop a tongue lift, the ability to give the tongue the shape of a scoop and direct an air stream in the middle of the tongue.
Description: smile, open your mouth, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the upper lip so that the lateral edges are pressed, and there is a groove in the middle of the tongue, and blow off the cotton wool placed on the tip of the nose. At the same time, air should go in the middle of the tongue, then the fleece will fly up.
Attention!
1. Make sure that the lower jaw is motionless.
2. The lateral edges of the tongue should be pressed against the upper lip; a gap is formed in the middle, into which the air jet goes. If this does not work, you can hold your tongue slightly.
3. The lower lip should not be twisted and pulled over the lower teeth.
Unconventional exercises to improve articulatory motor skills.
In addition to common articulation exercises, I offer non-traditional exercises that are playful in nature and evoke positive emotions in children.
Ball exercises
The diameter of the ball is 2-3 cm, the length of the rope is 60 cm, the rope is passed through a through hole in the ball and tied with a knot.
1. Move the ball along the rope stretched horizontally on the fingers of both hands with the tongue left and right.
2. Move the ball upward along the vertically stretched string (the ball falls down randomly).
3. Push the ball up and down with your tongue, the rope stretched horizontally.
4. Tongue - "cup", goal: to catch the ball in the "cup".
5. Catch the ball with your lips, push it out with force, "spitting out" it.
6. Catch the ball with your lips. Close your lips as much as possible and roll the ball from cheek to cheek.
7. Tell tongue twisters with a ball in your mouth, holding a string with your hands.
Note. During work, an adult holds the rope in his hand. After each lesson, rinse the ball with a string thoroughly with warm water and baby soap and dry it with a napkin. The ball must be strictly individual.
Spoon Exercises
1. Clamp the teaspoon in a fist and put it to the corner of the mouth, push the tongue into the concave side of the spoon to the left and right, respectively turning the hand with the spoon.
2. Push the spoon up and down into the concave part.
3. The same, but push the spoon into the convex part.
4. Tongue - "spatula". Pat the bulging part of a teaspoon on the tongue.
5. Press with jerks with the edge of a spoon on a relaxed tongue.
6. Press the spoon in front of the lips, folded into a tube, press the convex side tightly to the lips and make circular movements clockwise and counterclockwise.
7. Stretch your lips into a smile. With the convex part of a teaspoon, make circular movements around the lips clockwise and counterclockwise.
8. Take a teaspoon each in the right and left hand and make light patting movements on the cheeks from bottom to top and from top to bottom.
9. Circular motions with teaspoons on the cheeks (from the nose to the ears and back).
10. Patting with teaspoons on the cheeks with both hands simultaneously from the corners of the mouth stretched in a smile to the temples and back.
Exercises for the tongue with water "Do not splash the water"
1. Tongue in the form of a deep "bucket" with a small amount of water (water can be replaced with juice, tea, compote) protrude strongly forward from the wide-open mouth. Hold for 10 - 15 seconds. Repeat 10-15 times.
2. "Tongue-bucket" with liquid smoothly moves alternately to the corners of the mouth, holding the liquid without closing the mouth and not being pulled back into the mouth. Runs 10 times.
3. "Tongue-bucket", filled with liquid, smoothly moves back and forth. The mouth is open wide. It is performed 10 - 15 times.
Exercises for lips and tongue and jaws with a bandage
Single use bandage, strictly individual, dimensions: length 25-30 cm, width 4-5 cm.
1. Lips closed and stretched into a smile tightly squeeze the bandage. The adult tries to pull out the bandage, overcoming the resistance of the muscles of the lips. Runs within 10-15 seconds.
2. It is carried out by analogy with exercise 1, but the bandage is clamped with the lips in the left, then in the right corner of the mouth alternately. Runs 10 times.
3. The bandage, clamped by the lips in the right corner of the mouth, moves without the aid of hands to the left corner, then, on the contrary, from the left to the right, and so on. Runs 10 times.
4. Unlike exercise 1, the bandage is bitten, it is firmly clamped not with the lips, but with the front teeth and held for 10-15 seconds, the clamp is loosened for a few seconds. Clamp - relaxation alternate 10 - 15 times.
5. The bandage is bitten and clamped not with incisors, but with molars, alternately left and right. Runs 10 times.
6. The bandage tightly presses the tongue to the entire surface of the upper lip, raised up in the form of a wide bucket or "shovel" (pancake). In this case, the mouth is wide open. The adult, as in exercise 1, tries to pull out the bandage, overcoming resistance. Hold this position for 10-15 seconds. Repeats up to 10 times.
7. Unlike exercise 6, the bandage is pressed by the "bucket tongue" ("scapula", "pancake") not to the entire surface of the upper lip, but to the left, then to the right corner of the mouth alternately. It is performed in the same way as exercises 1, 6.
8. The bandage is firmly pressed to the entire surface of the lower lip with a wide soft tongue in the shape of a "scapula" ("pancake").
Breathing exercises for children with speech disorders
Correct breathing is very important for the development of speech, since the respiratory system is the energy base for the speech system. Breathing affects sound production, articulation, and voice development. Breathing exercises help develop diaphragmatic breathing, as well as the duration, strength and correct distribution of exhalation. You can use exercises in which the respiratory muscles work with special tension, and even some of the exercises of Buddhist gymnastics, which contribute to the development of not only the respiratory system, but also the work of the cardiovascular system.
Regular breathing exercises contribute to the education of correct speech breathing with an elongated, gradual exhalation, which allows you to get a supply of air for pronouncing segments of different lengths.
Recommendations for breathing exercises
1. Before carrying out breathing exercises, it is necessary to wipe off the dust in the room, ventilate it, if there is a humidifier in the house, use it.
4. It is necessary to ensure that the muscles of the arms, neck, chest do not strain during the exercise.
Breathing exercises
1. Snow.
The child is invited to blow on cotton wool, small pieces of paper, fluff and thereby turn an ordinary room into a snow-covered forest. The child's lips should be rounded and slightly extended forward. When performing this exercise, it is advisable not to puff out your cheeks.
2. Ships.
Fill a basin with water and teach your child to blow on light objects in the basin, such as boats. You can arrange a competition: whose boat sailed farther. It is very good for these purposes to use plastic eggs from "kinder surprises" or packaging from shoe covers issued by machines.
3. Football.
Build a gate from a constructor or other material, take a ping-pong ball or any other light ball. And play football with your child. The child must blow on the ball, trying to drive it into the gate. You can take two balls and play the game "Who is faster".
4. Bullets.
Take two plastic clear cups. In one, pour a lot of water, almost to the brim, and in the other, pour a little. Encourage your child to play bubblegum with the cocktail straws. To do this, into a glass where a lot of water needs to be blown weakly through the tube, and into a glass where there is little water, you can blow strongly. The task of the child is to play "Bul-Bulki" so as not to spill water. Be sure to draw the child's attention to the words: weak, strong, a lot, a little. This game can also be used to reinforce the knowledge of colors. To do this, take multi-colored cups and tubes and invite the child to blow into the green glass through the green tube, etc.
5. Magic bubbles.
Invite your child to play with bubbles. He can blow soap bubbles himself, but if he cannot blow or he does not want to practice, then you blow the bubbles, directing them to the child. This encourages the baby to blow on the bubbles so they don't get caught in them.
6. The pipe.
Invite the child to stick out a narrow tongue forward, lightly touching the tip of the tongue to a glass vial (any glass vial of medicines, vitamins, iodine, perfume will do; the neck of the vial should not be wide). Blow air onto the tip of your tongue so that the bubble whistles like a pipe.
7. Harmonica.
Invite your child to become a musician, let him play the harmonica. At the same time, your task is not to teach him how to play, therefore, do not pay attention to the melody. It is important that the child breathes in air through the harmonica and exhales into it.
8. Flower shop.
Invite your child to breathe in deeply slowly through the nose, smelling an imaginary flower to choose the most fragrant flower for grandma or mom. You can use various scented sachets for this game, however they should not have strong odors, should not be dusty and should not be brought too close to your nose.
9. Candle.
Buy large multi-colored candles and play with them. You light candles and ask the child to blow on a blue candle, then a yellow candle, etc. You need to blow slowly, inhale should not be noisy, you should not puff out your cheeks. First, the candle can be brought closer to the child, then gradually remove it.
10. Mowers.
This exercise can be performed to the sounds of a march: inhale and "pull the scythe" to the side for a weak beat of the melody, exhale and "swing the scythe" on a strong beat.
Like any other muscles in the human body, they need targeted development through systematic training. This can be done with the help of articulatory gymnastics - specially selected exercises for the lips, tongue, cheeks, and lower jaw.
Signs of impaired sound pronunciation
Violations are varied: the absence of sounds, their replacement by other sounds, distortion. This usually affects children 1.5-2 years old ("porridge in the mouth"). In older children, the pronunciation defect can be single: the child misses, distorts or replaces one sound. However, multiple disorders are observed with the normal development of the nervous system and speech apparatus.
The formation of sound pronunciation is most active in a child at the age of 4-5 years. By the age of 6, he should pronounce all the sounds of his native language correctly. If special preventive classes are not carried out with children, then the defective pronunciation of sounds can gain a foothold in speech for life.
Causes of defects in sound pronunciation in children
Incorrect pronunciation can be caused by:
- disorders of physiological and phonemic hearing (inability to differentiate sounds by ear);
- violations of the structure of the speech apparatus and / or its muscle weakness: short or long tongue, short sublingual fold (frenulum), defects in the development of jaws, teeth;
- incorrect speech pattern of the surrounding people - children and adults;
- lack of attention from adults to speech problems in a child.
In kindergartens, articulatory gymnastics for preschoolers is carried out as part of musical and physical education, speech development classes, and physical exercises. In addition, the teacher and speech therapist organize individual lessons with children who have speech defects outside of class.
The structure of the articulatory gymnastics complex
An approximate plan for a complex of articulatory gymnastics for preschoolers looks like this:
- Introductory part, organizational moment. The goal is to attract the attention of children (child), arouse interest and desire to follow the instructions of the teacher (or parent). For example: an adult brings in a toy or a picture and says that this hedgehog wants to see how children learn to pronounce sounds beautifully.
- The main part: a) repetition of the material covered in the previous lessons. The goal is to consolidate articulation, work out a clear pronunciation of familiar sounds, automate them in syllables (words, sentences); b) acquaintance with a new sound - demonstration of its articulation and its consolidation in 3-4 playing exercises.
- Final part. The guest (hedgehog) thanks the children, praises them and leaves.
In general, articulatory gymnastics as a means of developing speech in preschoolers contributes to the development of its expressiveness, phonemic hearing, speech breathing, and diction. An older child gets used to monitoring the quality of his own speech and tries to correct mistakes on his own.
Formation of complexes of articulatory gymnastics
The selection of exercises for articulatory gymnastics for preschoolers cannot be random. They are selected depending on which speech organs are involved in the formation of a defective sound in a child. The purpose of the exercises is to first teach the child to hold the lips and tongue in the desired position (static exercises), then consciously make the movements necessary to obtain the correct sound (dynamic exercises). In addition, an air jet of the required strength and direction is generated.
Let's give an example. The articulation of the sound "p" is quite complex, it requires fine coordination of movements of all speech organs:
- lips and teeth are parted;
- tongue - the tip is raised to the alveoli, flattened and tense, vibrates under the pressure of the exhaled air stream, its sides are tightly pressed against the upper teeth, the back is raised to the soft palate;
- the soft palate is raised and does not let the air flow through the nose;
- the vocal cords fluctuate, closed - a voice is formed;
- the jet of air is strong, directed through the mouth to the center of the tongue, as a result of which its tip is lifted from the front of the palate, and a vibrating, energetic "r" sound is obtained.
Defects in pronunciation of the sound "r" (rotacism) are numerous and can be caused by improper position of the tongue, lips, insufficient air flow during exhalation. After a thorough diagnosis of the causes of defective sound pronunciation, the teacher draws up a complex of articulatory gymnastics for preschoolers. It can include exercises to hold the tip of the tongue behind the upper teeth ("Brush our teeth"), to work out its flexibility and mobility ("Paint the ceiling", "Automatic"), to the ability to strain the tip of the tongue ("Drummer").
Exercises "Blow out the candle", "Blow out the ball" are aimed at developing a long elastic air stream in the center of the tongue.
When performing these exercises, the teacher monitors the correct position of the lips (open, smiling, motionless), jaw (does not move).
Similarly, exercises for articulatory gymnastics are developed or selected from speech therapy literature for sibilant (w, w, w, h) sounds, sibilant (s, h, c), sonorous (l, l).
Use of poetry
Poetry has a positive effect on the general speech development of children, since it stimulates the emotional perception of speech addressed to them.
Showing a picture corresponding to the content of the poem concretizes it and makes it clearer the actions that the child will have to perform with one or another organ of speech. Here is a fragment of a lesson with children of the younger group. The goal is to develop the muscles of the tongue, to work out the accuracy of movements.
1) The teacher shows a picture - a puppy with a protruding tongue. Asks the children if they have tongues and offers to show them to the puppy:
"Where, where is your tongue?
Show it, buddy! "
(The jaw is lowered, the lips are open, the tongue is tense, long - 3-5 seconds. The exercise is performed 3-4 times).
2) The picture is shown:
"He sits in our mouth
And he looks at you and me. "
(The position of the organs of speech is the same, the tip of the tongue moves 4-5 times to the right and to the left. Perform 3-4 times).
3) The picture is shown:
"We will raise it up
And let it go low!
He wants to play with us,
Like a pussy mouse. "
(The tip of the tongue touches the upper and lower lips. The position of the speech organs and the number of executions are the same).
Experienced educators actively use author's children's poetic works in kindergarten classes. Ready-made complexes of articulatory gymnastics in verse for preschoolers can easily be found in special literature. But many teachers themselves compose couplets or quatrains in accordance with the urgent tasks of the development of children's speech.
Music as a means of developing articulation
The use of music, like poetry, activates the perception of educational material by children. Musical articulatory gymnastics for preschoolers can be included in almost all kindergarten classes.
The teacher, together with the music worker of the kindergarten, selects children's songs and melodies. If he owns any instrument, then he can perform them himself. Children's musical instruments are also used - drums, pipes, harpsichords, discs with recordings of children's works.
At the initial stages, when children learn static exercises for the organs of articulation, the melodies should be smooth, unhurried: in 25-30 seconds of their sound, children will perform the necessary exercise 3-5 times.
When practicing clarity, switching of movements, the music sounds more energetic, and the child must adjust his actions to its tempo and rhythm.
Parents receive recommendations from kindergarten teachers on how to conduct special articulation games and exercises at home:
- The choice of exercises for articulatory gymnastics depends on the age of the child. The younger he is, the more playful they are.
- Exercises can be included in any activity - play, work, creative, in walks. Except for eating.
- It is important to avoid coercion, it is necessary to arouse the child's interest and desire to do these exercises. You can use onomatopoeia ("horse snorts", "bear coughs"), pictures, musical instruments, toys.
- A mirror is used as an auxiliary means: the child must visually control his actions, focusing on his own reflection or on the reflection of an adult next to his. An adult, if necessary, helps him to give the desired position to the lips, tongue with the help of the handle of a spoon.
- The duration of the lesson is 5-10 minutes. It can include 3-4 exercises.
- Sometimes, according to the testimony of a neurologist or speech therapist, it is necessary to massage the organs of speech - lips, tongue, cheeks. Parents must strictly adhere to the recommendations of specialists so as not to harm the child.
The responsibility of the parents for the speech development of the child is enormous. Bad speech is a serious obstacle for communicating with others, for obtaining a profession in the future. They shouldn't rely only on kindergarten specialists. Competent daily exercises with the child in articulatory gymnastics at home will accelerate the appearance of expressive and meaningful speech.