In the seventeenth century, mankind became aware and proved the fact that air has a certain weight. The assumption of his pressure on various objects was proved using a special device - a barometer. It will be discussed in this article.
A device that detects air pressure
Let's start with a definition. A barometer is a device for measuring a certain air pressure on objects. E. Torricelli became its inventor. In 1644, the barometer was a mercury tube and a measuring scale. On the day when the barometer was tested, the mercury level was at 760 mm, which was the reason to consider the mark at this level as normal pressure. Such instruments are still used by meteorological stations.
Two centuries later, after the invention of the mercury barometer, as a result of many studies, Lucien Vidi constructed a fundamentally new liquid-free species. Subsequently called the aneroid barometer. Throughout its existence, aneroids have gained great popularity among many users, because they are small, lightweight and accurate. Compared to mercury barometers, aneroids are completely safe to use.
Types of barometers
Mercury - a device that measures pressure. The principle of operation is the movement of mercury relative to the marked scale.
Liquid - a device with which the pressure level is measured by balancing the weight of a liquid column with atmospheric pressure.
Aneroid barometer - the principle of operation and display of indicators is based on changing the dimensions of a sealed metal box filled with rarefied air, under the influence of atmospheric pressure on its surface.
Electronic is a modern type of device that converts the linear indicators of a classic aneroid into an electronic signal. The signals processed by the microprocessor are displayed on the liquid crystal screen.
The aneroid barometer is the most common of the above devices due to its small size and lack of fluid in the mechanism. Let's consider it in more detail.
The structure of the atmospheric barometer
- Round silver-nickel plate.
- Box with ribbed bases.
- Transfer mechanism.
- Recoil spring.
- Directional arrow.
Atmospheric barometer - how it works
The assembled aneroid is a box with various mechanisms. When a certain amount of air is pumped out of it, this creates a strong discharge of the return spring, the pointer arrow and the transmission mechanism between them. Under the influence of pressure, the walls of the "pressure chamber" contract or increase in size, and the pointer arrow begins to move relative to the measuring scale in the direction of increasing or decreasing pressure, respectively. When at rest, the needle will be at 760 mm.
Self-recording barometer
Used to record meteorological data regarding fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. In other words, this is an improved aneroid barometer, with the addition of a clock mechanism to the pressure chamber, an apparatus holding graduated paper, and an arrow-actuator that prints an ink line on the paper.
The depicted "drawing" on the instrument paper is called a barogram. During the operation of the barograph, in accordance with the hour indicators, the mechanism winds a special paper on its base, on the surface of which an attached arrow with ink slides and marks the indicators of the deviations of atmospheric pressure.
Indicators of pressure differences are recorded constantly. For meteorologists, this is the main documentary fact of weather changes in the near future. Depending on the size of the drum, the duration of the recording can range from several hours to one week. The special design allows you to read indicators and monitor atmospheric indicators at any time.
Barometer in the phone - what is it
Technology does not stand still, and now you can measure atmospheric pressure using a mobile device. Many users of modern gadgets, faced with a new function, ask themselves a question - a barometer in a phone, what is it? A modern miniature weather station allows the telephone user to constantly check the atmospheric pressure level electronically. Tracking the pressure readings for a certain time, you can find out if a cyclone or anticyclone is approaching. These indicators will be useful for people with increased sensitivity to sudden changes in pressure.
The capabilities of a mobile device do not stop there. In electronic form, it shows the altitude, geographical width and longitude, which, in turn, contributes to the rapid search for the device and the determination of the exact location of its location. Thanks to GPS satellites, the process is fast and accurate. Mobile barometer is an accurate altimeter. The accuracy of determining the location of the user is reduced to a radius of 3 meters. These are the devices that climbers use in the mountains. But they have gained great popularity in the aviation field.
Barometer built into the watch
Appeared relatively recently. Few know what this device is for, and most ask the question - a barometer in a watch, what is it?
Let's try to figure it out. The barometer in certain types of watches is presented in electronic or mechanical form. Electronic view - no different from supplying atmospheric pressure data and displaying it on the screen, like on a phone. The watch with mechanical pressure display is a perfectly accurate mini-replica of aneroid. The only difference is in the simplified display scale. The cost of barometer watches is quite high, but, as a rule, they are shockproof and waterproof.
"Non-standard barometer"
Thanks to its founders, it is called Harvard. The economic barometer underlies the formation of econometrics. Predicts changes in market conditions, dynamics of supply and demand, etc. The Harvard Barometer is a description of empirical patterns and extrapolations from recent months of observation. They are based on the study of the dynamics of development of various indicators of the economy.
The development forecast was displayed graphically. Each curved line, plotted on the graph, displayed one or another indicator. For example, curve "A" displayed changes in average exchange rates (stock market); curve "B" reflected the wholesale price index and changes in trade (production); curve "C" - reflected the rise or fall of the price of securities in the money market. In the ideal state of the graph, the indicators "A" and "C" should coincide at the level of the maximum of the first unit and the minimum of the curve of the second unit.
Thanks to the leadership of W. Persons and W. Mitchell, this kind of device was used by the United States until 1925. Mitchell's Harvard Barometer is the first powerful regulator and indicator of factors in the country's national economy. Given the popularity and effectiveness of such construction and display of facts, this method has been adopted by many countries around the globe. But the prospects for the development of many countries in terms of this ratio of indicators in the economy did not last long, because before and after the Second World War, in percentage terms, they became irrelevant. The economies of all countries that took part in the war were in complete decline, and in order to resolve the rise "from its knees" each country applied its own methods to stabilize its own currency. The old methods of raising indicators (getting out of the crisis) were not applied at all, but the foundations laid by Mitchell became a precedent for the world economy.
Pressure gauge
It is worth noting another device that also measures pressure, but not air, but gases and liquids - this device is called a pressure gauge. These two devices are very interconnected. The sum of the readings of the manometer and barometer is the absolute pressure, which has a higher indicator than the atmospheric one.
Conclusion
In the modern world, the barometer is one of the main meteorological instruments. The noted indicators on paper help many people to know about the upcoming changes in atmospheric pressure, respectively, to prepare for them. This is more true for hypertensive patients. A barometer is an optional item in the house, but as an auxiliary element or in addition to the interior, it is desirable. The modern frame of the much-needed device allows it to fit into any interior solution.
Columbus is certainly not the only weather station brand in Russia. Their main difference is an attempt to create a piece of interior decoration from a traditionally applied tool, previously presented in classical forms. A wide range of shades, decoration, the use of brass and aluminum decoration - all this turns an ordinary weather forecasting device into a small masterpiece (a full-fledged element of the interior).
Why do we need a weather station at all.
Usually, we find out the weather from the reports of the Hydrometeorological Center and do not always understand what the final forecast is based on. Having at our disposal the Columbus weather station, we can always ourselves, trusting our eyes, make our own personal weather forecast. More fully this issue is covered in the passport of the Columbus weather stations.
Operating instructions for weather stations, barometers
1. Taking into account the height of the terrain when adjusting the barometer
In meteorological observations, all data on air pressure are correlated with altitude. To obtain comparable values, the effect of the terrain height on air pressure is corrected (pressure decreases with height). The room barometer is adjusted so that it indicates the air pressure relative to the altitude. Therefore, before use, it is necessary to adjust the barometer to the appropriate height of the application site. The principle of adjustment for the height of the terrain is that the change in air pressure is compensated by the correction of the instrument arrow in the opposite direction.
The barometer is set at the factory to the terrain altitude indicated on the package. Therefore, it is only in rare cases that the barometer can be operated without a new adjustment.
The easiest way to correctly adjust the barometer is to adjust it with a barometer already available in the area or with the air pressure data reported in the weather reports.
If the altitude of the barometer is already known exactly, then the correction value can be calculated. This calculation is based on the following considerations: air pressure decreases with increasing altitude and dependence: 1 mm Hg per 10.7 meters of altitude difference.
Example:
Terrain height - 200 meters
Operating height - 40 meters
Height difference - 160 meters
It is required to move the arrow 160 / 10.7 \u003d 15 mm Hg towards a lower pressure to increase the air pressure.
2. Adjusting screw
The arrow is moved by turning the adjusting screw. It is made of brass and is located in the hole in the back wall. Always take the shortest path when adjusting.
Since in closed rooms the air pressure is the same as outside, the barometer can be suspended anywhere. However, it is not recommended to hang it on damp exterior walls or near heat sources. This is especially important for barometers with which thermometers and hygrometers are combined.
Tap the glass lightly before each reading. At the same time, the slight friction of the barometer allows you to determine the tendency to change in air pressure. You can also make a comparison if each time after reading an additional arrow is aligned with the barometer arrow.
With an air pressure of 765 mm Hg and more, you can count on calm and dry weather, and the more stable the weather, the higher the air pressure. In summer the weather is mostly cloudless and warm, in winter it is frosty. However, with high humidity and westerly wind (for the European part of Russia) fog and rain are possible (especially in winter).
-With a slow and constant rise in the barometer readings, an improvement in weather should be expected, while a slow decline means better weather.
- Rapid growth in unstable weather often gives way to rapid falls and means continued instability, changing clouds, gusty winds and heavy rain or hail.
-In winter, an increase in pressure indicates frost, a decline - a softening of frost and thaw.
-Values \u200b\u200bof 750 mm Hg and below are often associated with heavy cloudiness and precipitation. If the air pressure drops significantly below 750 mm Hg, then a strong wind or storm should be expected.
-In summer, a rapid drop in pressure in high heat means a thunderstorm.
6. Temperature and humidity in the living area
A person feels comfortable at a temperature in the range of 18-22 degrees and relative humidity in the range of 45-70%. Fluctuations in air humidity in a residential area are mostly insignificant, however, humidity usually drops to 25-40% in winter (especially in rooms with central heating), which is associated with a large difference in the temperature of the room and outside. In this case, the air is very dry and high humidity can be provided with humidifiers.
7. Correction of indication on thermometers and hygrometers
Although the adjustment of the dial thermometers and hygrometers is accurately checked at the factory, in some cases, such as after a strong shock during transport, correction may be required. Corrective adjustments can be made with a screwdriver through the hole in the back cover. In this case, insert a screwdriver into the visible slot on the support of the measuring mechanism. We recommend correcting only if reference measurements made with multiple liquid thermometers or regenerated hair hygrometers or psychrometers show noticeable discrepancies.
The efficiency of hygrometers and dial thermometers can be verified by breathing on them from the back. If the liquid thermometer capillary string is interrupted, it can be reattached by shaking it towards the capillary tip or towards the cup. This is best done with a slow preheat that causes the filament to move upward. In this case, the thermometer must be unscrewed from the frame.
Application area height - no more than 300 meters above sea level
- pressure measurement range - from 695 to 805 mm Hg (927-1073 hectopascals)
- temperature measurement range - from minus 10 С to plus 50 С
- humidity measurement range - 0-100%
Instructions for handling "Columbus" weather stations
1. If it is necessary to mark weather stations or stick a price tag, we kindly ask you to adhere to the following rules:
do not stick stickers on the wooden parts of the weather station housing;
do not use strong adhesives, including scotch tape;
RECOMMENDED: stick the sticker on the back of the product to identify weather stations.
2. Pay particular attention to the packaging of the weather stations. The original packaging protects the weather station from scratches. We strongly recommend that you pack the weather stations in the following order:
wrapping;
plastic bag;
bubble film.
3. DO NOT use non-wood cleaners. Pay particular attention to the painted parts of the case.
4. Since weather stations use glass, be extremely careful when unpacking / packing, displaying and moving weather stations. It is recommended to use special gloves when handling weather stations.
5. When placing meteorological stations in a display case, make sure that the meteorological stations are located at the maximum distance from lighting devices (especially halogen lamps). The heat emitted by these luminaires can damage the weather station cover.
6. When packing, transporting weather stations with a clock, be careful not to leave batteries in the case. This is due to the risk of battery leakage.
Careful observance of these conditions will help you provide the buyer with the weather station in perfect condition and avoid possible problems with the appearance and performance of the weather stations.
http://www.columbus.su
The barometer is a key tool in the practice of weather forecasting. The barometer measures atmospheric pressure, which is determined by the weight of the air above us (from the upper boundary of the atmosphere to the sea surface). If the pressure is high, then this means that there is a large amount of air above us, if it is low, then there is less air than anywhere else, further from us. This cannot be seen by eye, since the air is invisible.
We are interested in atmospheric pressure because it informs us about the distribution of air masses around us and about the expected winds that occur when air flows from areas of high atmospheric pressure to areas of low pressure. The greater the pressure difference over neighboring territories, the stronger the wind will be.
In weather forecasts and on weather maps, it is customary to reflect atmospheric pressure in millibars (mb). We need to know whether the pressure transmitted by the official forecast or taken from the barometer is high or low, and its change is large or small. To do this, you must remember that the "standard" atmospheric pressure is 1013 mb, but for each location and season it may differ slightly from this figure.
On meteorological maps, the pressure is indicated only by the last two digits (the previous ones are omitted). 1024 will be shown as "24" or 996 as "96". In most cases, the actual pressure at the centers of cyclones and anticyclones is written in full and underlined, but individual isobars (lines of equal pressure) have only two digits. Usually isobars are drawn at 4 mb intervals on USA maps, although other country maps can range from 2 mb (Australia) to 5mb on European maps.
Barometer types
The first barometer was invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643. Torricelli was often referred to as Galileo's student, but he only worked with him for 3 months before the latter's death and invented his first mercury barometer a few years later.
Mercury barometer Torricelli
The device was a hollow glass tube, closed at one end and filled with mercury, which was lowered with its open end into a vessel with mercury. The air pressure on the open surface of the mercury balanced the pressure of the column of mercury in the tube, and its level appeared at a certain height - about 760 mm. mercury column. Of course, such a device was bulky and fragile and could not be widely used in practice.
Further improvement of the barometer followed the path of abandoning mercury and using sealed containers with a vacuum inside, and in 1847 the first aneroid barometer was designed by another Italian, Lucien Vidi. Aneroid means no liquid. This type of barometer is still used today.
Aneroid barometer
The “heart” of the instrument is a sealed corrugated metal cylinder (bellows), from which air is partially evacuated (1). When the external air pressure changes, this cylinder expands or contracts and this movement is transmitted through a system of levers (2) and a thread (3) to the axis of rotation of the arrow (4), which shows us the pressure on the scale of values \u200b\u200b(5). The device is placed in a housing (6) with a glass above the scale (7).
Another instrument useful in meteorology is called a barograph. This is the same aneroid barometer that can record pressure values \u200b\u200bover a period (usually a week) with an ink line on a paper tape wrapped around a clockwork drum.
Barograph
The advantage of this device is that along this line we can directly observe the so-called barogram - the change in pressure over time, which in fact interests us most.
Barogram - a graph of the baric trend
This is very valuable information for weather forecasting. With a barograph, you will be relieved of the need to constantly record barometer readings and then plot baric trend curves from them.
Continuing the conversation about the barometer as a device, it should be noted that in the last decade, electronic barometers of various sizes and accuracy have appeared on the market. There are even barometers and barographs built into the wristwatch. Some of them work on the principle of a conventional aneroid, but without a mechanical system of levers, but by measuring the change in the capacitance of an electric capacitor, the plates of which are located at the ends of the corrugated cylinder. Others use a different principle by measuring air pressure on a sensitive crystal.
Digital barometer
Digital barographs are also available for use, and there are advantages here, as it is difficult to ensure correct operation of a traditional barograph in an in-flight environment.
The value and price of a good barometer
In my opinion, a GOOD barometer is a great value. A traditional aneroid barometer would be the obvious choice. In most cases, knowing whether the pressure is falling or rising can be enough to judge whether bad weather is coming or vice versa. This judgment can be made with almost any working barometer, as long as you monitor it periodically. But often we need to know the true, accurate value of the pressure. Moreover, if the pressure changes, we must be sure that it changes exactly as the instrument shows. I have seen barometers that beautifully showed the change in pressure, but in a very narrow range, and did not react at all when the pressure went outside this range.
Knowing the exact value of pressure is very important when you operate with a weather map. By measuring the wind speed and direction, you can calculate the corresponding pressure at your location, and by measuring the existing pressure with a well-calibrated barometer, you can judge how correct the information on the map you received is. The key point here is often not so much the quality of the barometer as its calibration, finding out the error and take it into account.
If you pay $ 150 - $ 200 for the device, it should show the correct values. Unfortunately, not in all cases. You can often pay big bucks for a barometer with an expensive bronze case and a beautiful dial and a completely unusable movement. Buy a barometer from trusted dealers and specialized stores.
Taking readings and maintaining the barometer
Check the accuracy of your barometer regularly on official radio. There are three factors that affect the meter reading during testing. The first is the instrument's height above sea level - the higher, the lower the pressure reading from the instrument will be. Second, there is a “zero” point of the instrument setting. It is adjusted by a screw, by turning which you can move the arrow left and right, and every good barometer should have such an adjustment. For the correct installation of the arrow, the device must be located at sea level. Once you have received the pressure data, set the arrow to that value. And thirdly, the time of the radio message can and will differ from the time of measuring the pressure at the weather station. Try to figure out this delay.
The barometer is a thin and accurate instrument and taking readings from it requires attention and accuracy. Small changes in values \u200b\u200bcan mean a lot in some cases. The barometer should be easily accessible so that the position of the thin arrow at small scale divisions can be clearly seen, especially at night. You must look at the scale perpendicular to its surface, otherwise you will get an incorrect reading due to the parallax effect. Fig G110.
Speaking about caring for a barometer, it should be noted that it requires the same care as any precision measuring device. But there are several features stemming from its nature. Avoid placing the instrument in an environment where atmospheric pressure is outside the range of the barometer. So, transporting it in an airplane can become fatal, since at an altitude of 10 km, the atmospheric pressure is only 300mb, and although the pressure in the cockpit is compensated, it rarely exceeds 800mb, which is outside the operating range of the device, and in the cargo compartment the pressure is generally equal to the external ... Be careful when transporting the barometer in your car. The windows must be open when you slam the door - this way you avoid a sharp surge in pressure in the cabin when you close the doors. I can’t say how fast descending a car from a hill can damage the barometer, but if our ears feel it, then the pressure change is clearly outside the working area of \u200b\u200bthe device.
Some tips for choosing a barometer
We can rarely find a combination of all the ideal properties of a device with an acceptable price, so trade-offs are inevitable. But there are a few things to look out for when buying a barometer.
1. Good travel and bellows.
You cannot judge this simply by looking at the instrument, but if it is possible to look inside and you can see the bellows, then it is useful to know that the larger its size, the better the instrument's travel and its performance.
2. The size of the dial.
The larger size is preferable because it is easier to read. The 10cm diameter of the dial can be considered the minimum. 12-15 cm are better, but they are more expensive.
3. Scale divisions
A 1 mb scale is preferred.
4. Dial surface
A shiny or silver-plated surface can sometimes act as a mirrored surface and help see the reflection of the arrow, making it easier to take readings.
5. Temperature compensation
Ask your dealer how good the temperature compensation of the barometer is. The temperature, for example, in a yacht below deck can reach 60 degrees, and in the tropics up to 100 degrees. centigrade
7. Case
I prefer barometers with a light body. Any addition of bronze serves for decoration and only adds weight and price, without adding anything to the functionality of the appliance.
Pressure readings and baric trend
Speaking about the pressure values \u200b\u200bthat the barometer shows us, it should be noted that pressure above 1025 mb is considered "high", and below 990 mb - as "low". But, of course, everything is relative - atmospheric pressure of 1005 mb will be rather "high" if it is lower in the surrounding regions. You should always take into account the peculiarities of the region. Usually high pressure is accompanied by good weather with light winds, while at low pressure (below 1000 mb) bad weather with fresh and strong winds with completely cloudy skies and rain is to be expected. More details about using the barometer in weather forecasting will be described in the article "Weather forecast" (forecast by barometer). Here we will focus on only a few important points.
Noting the importance of the actual readings of the barometer at a given point in time, it must be said that the most useful in using a barometer is to determine the baric trend - the change in pressure over time.
It is generally accepted that a pressure drop of 1mb per hour deserves our attention. A drop of 2-3mb per hour may mean the arrival of a storm, although we still have calm weather on the spot. Examining many records of baric trends as storms approach, it has been observed that they are usually accompanied by a slow steady drop of 2-3 mb every three hours for half a day until the pressure drop accelerates. Severe storms can cause a drop in pressure of 5-10mb in 3 hours during their passage, but the record falls belong to the passage of the eye of a tropical storm - up to 12 mb per hour!
It is important to know what kind of pressure drop can be dangerous for him. Remember the 4-5-6 rule. It means: a pressure drop of 4 or 5 mb in 6 hours is a signal for a change in the weather for the worse ...
From Weather Trainer by David Burch
Translated by S. Svistul
The physical nature of atmospheric pressure will be described in detail in the article "Where does the wind come from".
Columbus is certainly not the only weather station brand in Russia. Their main difference is an attempt to create a piece of interior decoration from a traditionally applied tool, previously presented in classical forms. A wide range of shades, decoration, the use of brass and aluminum decoration - all this turns an ordinary weather forecasting device into a small masterpiece (a full-fledged element of the interior).
Why do we need a weather station at all.
Usually we find out the weather from the reports of the Hydrometeorological Center and do not always understand what the final forecast is based on. Having at our disposal the Columbus weather station, we can always ourselves, trusting our eyes, make our own personal weather forecast. More fully this issue is covered in the passport of the Columbus weather stations.
Operating instructions for weather stations, barometers
1. Taking into account the height of the terrain when adjusting the barometer
With meteorological observations, all air pressure data are related to altitude. To obtain comparable values, the effect of the terrain height on the air pressure is corrected (pressure decreases with height). The room barometer is adjusted so that it indicates the air pressure relative to the altitude. Therefore, before use, it is necessary to adjust the barometer to the appropriate height of the application site. The principle of adjustment for the height of the terrain is that the change in air pressure is compensated by the correction of the arrow of the device in the opposite direction.
The barometer is set at the factory to the terrain altitude indicated on the package. Therefore, it is only in rare cases that the barometer can be operated without a new adjustment.
The easiest way to properly adjust the barometer is to adjust it with a barometer already available in the area or with air pressure data reported in weather reports.
If the altitude of the barometer is already known exactly, then the correction value can be calculated. This calculation is based on the following considerations: the air pressure drops with increasing altitude and dependence: 1 mm Hg per 10.7 meters of altitude difference.
Example:
Terrain height - 200 meters
Operating height - 40 meters
Height difference - 160 meters
It is required to move the arrow 160 / 10.7 \u003d 15 mm Hg towards a lower pressure to increase the air pressure.
2. Adjusting screw
The arrow is moved by turning the adjusting screw. It is made of brass and is located in the hole in the back wall. Always take the shortest path when adjusting.
3. Hanging
Since the air pressure in closed rooms is the same as outside, the barometer can be suspended anywhere. However, it is not recommended to hang it on damp exterior walls or near heat sources. This is especially important for barometers with which thermometers and hygrometers are combined.
4. Readout
Tap the glass lightly before each reading. At the same time, the slight friction of the barometer allows you to determine the tendency to change in air pressure. You can also make a comparison if every time after reading an additional arrow is aligned with the barometer arrow.
5. Accounting for weather conditions
-With an air pressure of 765 mm Hg and more, you can count on calm and dry weather, and the more stable the weather, the higher the air pressure. In summer, the weather is mostly cloudless and warm, and frosty in winter. However, with high humidity and westerly wind (for the European part of Russia) fog and rain are possible (especially in winter).
-With a slow and constant rise in the barometer reading, an improvement in the weather should be expected, while a slow decline means an improvement in the weather.
- Rapid growth in unstable weather often gives way to rapid falls and means continued instability, changing clouds, gusty winds and heavy rain or hail.
-In winter, an increase in pressure indicates frost, a decline - a softening of frost and thaw.
-Values \u200b\u200bof 750 mm Hg and below are often associated with heavy cloudiness and precipitation. If the air pressure drops significantly below 750 mm Hg, then a strong wind or storm should be expected.
-In summer, a rapid drop in pressure in high heat means a thunderstorm.
6. Temperature and humidity in the living area
A person feels comfortable at temperatures ranging from 18-22 degrees and relative humidity in the range of 45-70%. Fluctuations in air humidity in a residential area are mostly insignificant, however, humidity in winter usually drops to 25-40% (especially in rooms with central heating), which is associated with a large difference in the temperature of the room and outside. In this case, the air is very dry and high humidity can be provided with humidifiers.
7. Correction of indication on thermometers and hygrometers
Although the adjustment of the dial thermometers and hygrometers is accurately checked at the factory, in some cases, such as after a strong shock during transport, correction may be required. Corrective adjustments can be made with a screwdriver through the hole in the back cover. In this case, insert a screwdriver into the visible slot on the support of the measuring mechanism. We recommend correcting only if reference measurements taken with multiple liquid thermometers or regenerated hair hygrometers or psychrometers show noticeable discrepancies.
The efficiency of hygrometers and dial thermometers can be verified by breathing on them from the back. If the liquid thermometer capillary string is interrupted, it can be reattached by shaking it towards the capillary tip or towards the cup. This is best done with a slow preheat that causes the filament to move upward. In this case, the thermometer must be unscrewed from the frame.
8. Technical data
- the height of the area of \u200b\u200bapplication - no more than 300 meters above sea level
- pressure measurement range - from 695 to 805 mm Hg (927-1073 hectopascals)
- temperature measurement range - from minus 10 С to plus 50 С
- humidity measurement range - 0-100%
Instructions for handling "Columbus" weather stations
1. If it is necessary to mark weather stations or stick a price tag, we kindly ask you to adhere to the following rules:
... do not stick stickers on the wooden parts of the weather station housing;
do not use strong adhesives, including scotch tape;
RECOMMENDED: stick the sticker on the back of the product to identify weather stations.
2. Pay particular attention to the packaging of the weather stations. The original packaging protects the weather station from scratches. We strongly recommend that you pack the weather stations in the following order:
wrapping;
plastic bag;
bubble film.
3. DO NOT use non-wood cleaners. Pay particular attention to the painted parts of the case.
4. Since weather stations use glass, be extremely careful when unpacking / packing, displaying and moving weather stations. It is recommended to use special gloves when handling weather stations.
5. When placing meteorological stations in a display case, make sure that the meteorological stations are located at the maximum distance from lighting devices (especially halogen lamps). The heat emitted by these luminaires can damage the weather station cover.
6. When packing, transporting weather stations with a clock, be careful not to leave batteries in the case. This is due to the risk of battery leakage.
Careful observance of these conditions will help you to provide the buyer with weather stations in perfect condition and avoid possible problems with the appearance and performance of the weather stations.
After reading from various sources about the fact that the biting activity is directly, or rather not quite directly, but still, it is associated with sudden changes in atmospheric pressure. I decided to get a barometer. According to reviews on the Internet, I chose a barometer manufactured by OJSC "Utes" BTK-SN-14. How to check it on the spot (in the store) had no idea, so after a cursory inspection, I paid and dragged him home.
At home, I immediately hung it on the wall, and, all happy, let's measure the pressure;)
Some time later, I decided to believe him. I called the local weather station and was surprised and upset at the same time. My barometer was lying by 10 mm Hg! That's a lot! According to the attached passport, it could no longer be corrected, because there it is indicated that the adjusting screw can be rotated no more than 45 degrees, and with such a difference it had to be turned by about 90 degrees.
Deciding that i will not scoff and twist the adjustment at random, was about to carry it back to the store. Because the store in which I bought it was closed for a break, I went to the next one where the same barometers were sold, but one and a half times more expensive (normal practice in our city). Having pretty much chased the seller, I reviewed all the barometers that they had, and thanking them went home. :)
I changed my mind about changing or handing over my defective barometer. everything I saw in the store showed God knows what, and the assembly of the mechanisms looked different for everyone. I decided that I would not get anything better, but I would try to figure out the reason and (if possible) eliminate the marriage on my own.
As the autopsy showed, the fault is the curve assembly. The barometer itself is not complicated. On some (I don't remember) Internet resource I read, then these barometers are made under a patent of a German mechanism. In which everything is thought out for not complicated assembly and adjustment, but our crooked workers, as always, will be able to pack even the best and most reliable thing. The barometer is assembled in a "pozgildyaiski" manner, and with the settings, twisted almost all the way, the readings are less plausible.
Having disassembled it almost to the screw, I assembled it as expected. After that, he began to look more accurate and the adjustment ranges fell into place. The scatter of readings with the meteorological station was reduced to + -1 mm Hg.
So what did I find. The scoreboard with the rulers was rotated relative to the mechanism by about the same 10 mm Hg. The fix is \u200b\u200bvery simple. It is enough to unscrew the four screws under the glass frame to rearrange the scoreboard so that all three points indicated in the photo (in red) are approximately on the same straight line.
It was much more difficult to fix another significant "jamb" of the manufacturer. The aneroid (sensing element of the barometer) was not located in the center of the mechanism. Therefore, all normal positions of the linkage "crawled". This is noticeable by the misalignment of the adjusting screw and the hole in the case (yellow arrow in the bottom view, in the photo everything is already correct).
It will NOT be possible to correct this simply by loosening the adjusting screw, and then moving the aneroid to the correct place. Because possible misalignment and, as a result, jamming of the lever mechanism. To do everything right, you need to disassemble the barometer and adjust the position of the levers inside, after loosening the aneroid fastening, so as not to bend the thin parts of the mechanism (they are still there;). I think it is not necessary to describe in detail the entire assembly / disassembly process (and who needs it, write, I will tell you).
I'd better tell how to choose an initially correctly assembled barometer in the store.
I think you've already guessed about some points \u003d)
-The first thing you should pay attention to is (the most important thing) that the adjusting screw on the back of the case is located as much as possible coaxial with the hole for it. (yellow arrow in the photo) Otherwise, it is almost guaranteed that the aneroid and the whole mechanism are skewed.
-Second, it will be more difficult. Toothed crown, in the form of a trident (indicated by a green arrow). When the device reads about 748 mm Hg. (provided that the scale of the device is set correctly, as described below), the branches of the "trident" should be as parallel as possible to the indicating arrow. This indicates the correct installation of the indicating arrow of the device relative to the mechanism.
-Third, this is the correctness of the installation of the scale of the device relative to the mechanism. The axis of the indicating arrow, the axis of the toothed sector ("trident") and the axis of the thermometer (red arrows) must be aligned.
If the last two points are easily corrected and, in essence, do not affect the operation of the barometer, then the first point entails a real violation of the correct operation of the barometer. In my case, due to the skew of the mechanism, with the readings of 740-750 mm Hg, the "trident" was "driven" almost to the left dead center of its stroke. Those. he could still show less pressure, but with increased pressure, "the trident would have rested against the travel stop, significantly not reaching the maximum value indicated on the scale.
All of the above refers to the BTK-SN-14 model of OJSC "Utes", there may be differences on other models. I would be glad if this information helps someone with the purchase.
PS For those who are "in the tank", WARNING: the author does not bear responsibility for his own barometers, due to the "crooked hands" or incorrect interpretation of this article. Self-disassembly and adjustment of your barometer can lead to its breakdown and loss of the possibility of warranty repair. In other words: I'm not sure - DO NOT GET IT!
Comments:
| Written by: percpektiva Date: 16/02/2011 09:49 I read your article and was upset. In my "Cliff" everything is also awkward, as you described. And the main thing is that the adjusting screw on the rear panel is noticeably offset to the side. Can throw off in a personal how to adjust. Thanks in advance. |
| Written by: kingstingtin Date: 16/02/2011 12:29 I did not find how to send a PM here, I will write here. I am writing from memory, incl. I can miss something, if there are no coincidences, write, I will remember. Before doing this, you need to find a reliable source of information on the current atmospheric pressure.? Adv \u003d // meteo.infospace.ru/win/wcarch/html/r_day_stn.sht?num\u003d612&dd\u003d14&mm\u003d2&yyyy\u003d2011&id\u003d&next It's also worth saying goodbye with a guarantee for the device. First of all, you need to carefully but decisively tear off the arrow. To do this, remove the glass by turning its metal frame clockwise. The arrow can be slightly rotated by hands, but only in one direction in the direction of increasing pressure, and in no case "through force". In this direction, it should rotate easily, only under the resistance of the spring. We remove the arrow, grabbing it with thumb and forefinger in the area of \u200b\u200bits axis, while resting with the same fingers on the platform under it. Due to the stop we pull, the arrow slides very tightly. Then unscrew the 3 screws on the back of the barometer and take out the "guts". There is a rather massive lever between the aneroid and the mechanism, with a black, slightly curved, metal pin pointing up. It rotates on two adjusting axes. (Not the same amount of "screwed in" of these axles, confirms the skew of the mechanism) It must be removed from these axles. To do this, loosen the lock nuts and unscrew the axles with a screwdriver. Here you need to be careful, to loosen the nuts, I used pliers with thin and bent jaws, and did not notice how slightly one of the body plates was bent. The bend did not affect the operation of the device, but still little pleasant. After loosening the adjusting axes, the lever falls onto the aneroid. Now you need to be very careful with the mechanism, do not tilt it, much less turn it over. Otherwise, the small lamellar levers connecting the aneroid to the massive lever that we just loosened may bend. For convenience, I removed the top plate of the mechanism case by unscrewing four screws. Now unscrew the adjusting screw with a screwdriver until the aneroid begins to move freely along the plane of the case. Now we squeeze it back a little, so that the aneroid moves with our hands and does not slip by itself. Place the aneroid in the center. We fix it with an adjusting screw, you do not need to tighten it too much, 0.5-1 turns will be enough. We put in place the top plate of the case. Now an element of shamanism;) You need to put the lever in place. To do this, screw the axles in approximately the same way. The black pin should fall into place in the "trident". So that the spring-loaded trident does not interfere with us doing this, I fixed it with a thread in the desired position, tying it by one of the branches to the fixing screw of the upper plate of the case. Using wooden toothpicks, we throw one hole of the lever onto the axle. Then, holding the lever with a toothpick, we twist the other axis until it hits the corresponding hole. Do not twist them tightly, only until they fall into the holes, without tightening. There are two similar holes on one side of the lever, do not confuse. Now, we are looking at the state of the small lamellar levers (or he was there alone, I don’t remember exactly, but probably all the same). It should be located in the grooves of the aneroid and the massive lever without distortions. If there are distortions, then they need to be removed by mutual screwing / unscrewing of the adjusting axes. Ideally, the plate arm should be parallel to the grooves for it. Then it is necessary to tighten the adjusting axes until the state of the minimum clearance. Those. the lever should not dangle between the axles, but at the same time it should! free! rotate without the slightest jam. After that, tighten the lock nuts on the axles, keeping the axles from turning with a screwdriver. In this case, we check if the lever is not jammed. If this happened, then we loosen the nuts with the axles, and we repeat everything. Cut and remove the thread. The most massive lever also has an adjusting screw, but I didn't need to turn it. The hardest part is over. Now you can turn our barometer again as you like without fear for the mechanism. We tighten the adjusting screw until the "trident" is in its middle position. We push the mechanism back into the case and fix it with screws. If necessary, align the scale, as I wrote above. We put the arrow on the axis in the position of the middle of the scale. We fix it by lightly tapping on the axis. We put the glass in place and set the current atmospheric pressure with the adjusting screw. ALL! If everything has been done correctly, carefully, carefully and carefully, everything will work. I hope you succeed. |
| Written by: percpektiva Date: 17/02/2011 13:26 Thanks! I hope so too! |
| Written by: Shum57 Date: 12/14/2012 17:39 Thanks to the author! It turned out great to set up the barometer, as in the article. I had the same assembly curve ..., now everything is smooth! |
| Written by: Heinz Date: 03/08/2013 17:01 From your messages I did not understand how to do something. But more on that next time. Now I have two questions: 1. How to align the adjusting screw? 2. In my barometer, the aneroid itself stands obliquely. Should it be so or not? If not, how do you align it? |
| Written by: glinez Date: 11/01/2015 10:07 Hello, is it possible to adjust the accuracy of the thermometer in this barometer, I'm lying by 2 degrees? If possible, how? |