Bitumen mastic for foundation waterproofing is one of the easiest and most effective materials to use. It creates a seamless, waterproof, protective film on the concrete surface. Mastics are called coating or painting waterproofing. They are used to process newly built foundations of buildings or during the renovation of old ones. Some grades are suitable for use as an adhesive for roll materials.
Basic properties
Bituminous mastics are ready-to-use thick pasty masses based on bitumen. They differ from each other in the additional components available in the composition. These can be modifiers, antiseptics, etc. On sale there are pastes designed specifically for waterproofing foundations.
Advantages of bituminous waterproofing mastics for the foundation:
- durable seamless coating;
- simple application technology on surfaces of any shape and relief;
- reliable protection against mold;
- filling all the pores of concrete;
- suitability for independent work, especially if there is little or no experience;
- the possibility of application at sub-zero temperatures or vice versa in the heat.
The disadvantage of bituminous waterproofing pastes is flammability. Requirements for their characteristics, classification are specified in GOST 30693-2000.
Kinds
Bituminous mastics by the number of components are:
- One-component. These pastes have a liquid consistency, are completely ready for application, packaged in sealed packaging (buckets). Their disadvantage is that after opening, you need to use all the mastic at once. In an open container, it hardens and becomes unusable.
- Two-component. Their main advantage is their long shelf life. They consist of a bitumen composition and a thickener, packaged in separate packages. Mix the required amount before use. The coating of two-component mastics dries faster and does not deteriorate longer.
According to the method of preparing the paste for application, cold and hot mastics are distinguished. The second type is recommended for use only by professionals. Hot-applied formulations require heating up to + 160 ° C. It is less safe to coat the foundation with them than cold-applied pastes, which already have the desired consistency due to the solvent. The application of hot mastics is possible only in dry weather - otherwise, water droplets in the pores of the concrete boil, form bubbles on the surface, which lead to cracking of the fresh coating.
Classification of mastics by type of solvent:
By the type of additional components, cold bituminous mastics suitable for waterproofing the foundation are:
- Bitumen-polymer - have high elasticity, adhesion strength to concrete.
- Bituminous-latex ("liquid rubber") - suitable for application at low temperatures, they are distinguished by special elasticity, strength, and reduced flammability. On the surface treated by them, a protective layer is formed, similar in properties to rubber.
- Bitumen-rubber - with the addition of rubber powder or synthetic rubber, mineral oil. The least suitable for foundation protection due to the relatively high water absorption.
- Bituminous-mineral - 25% consist of particles of cement, dolomite, chalk, quartz, limestone, ash and other minerals. They are especially recommended for the processing of buried foundations, as they have special strength and moisture resistance. Another advantage is low material consumption.
- Bituminous oil - frost-resistant, suitable for use in construction in cold climatic zones.
According to the method of application, pastes are distinguished between manual and mechanized application - the latter are usually suitable for both methods.
Choice
When buying bituminous mastic for a foundation, pay attention to the following characteristics:
- consumption per 1 m2;
- curing time;
- temperatures at which work can be performed;
- suitability for mechanized application (if you plan to use a special installation).
Take into account that the foundation of the building and its plinth are constantly in contact with moisture in the soil. The requirements for waterproofing materials for them in terms of waterproofing and water absorption of the coating are the highest. According to builders' reviews, Technonikol pastes correspond to them.
Table 1. Technical characteristics of TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastics for waterproofing foundations
| Parameter | MKTN, bitumen-polymer | No. 33, water-based, bitumen-latex | No. 20, bitumen-rubber | No. 24, bitumen-mineral |
| Drying time, h | 24 | 24 - 72 | no information | 24 |
| Application temperature, С ° | from -20 to +40 | no information | from -20 to +40 | from -20 to +40 |
| Bond strength to concrete, MPa | 0,3 | 0,6 | 0,1 | 0,1 |
| Elongation at break,% | 700 | 900 | 100 | no information |
| Consumption, kg / m2 | 2,5 - 3,5 | 3,5 - 4,5 | 2,5 - 3,5 | up to 1 |
| Operating temperature range, С ° | from -25 to +100 | from -25 to +140 | from -15 to +100 | from -5 to +80 |
| Waterproof, pressure-resistant, MPa | 0.001 for 72 hours | 0.1 for 24 hours | 0.001 for 72 hours | 0.03 for 10 min |
| Water absorption in 24 hours,% by weight | 0,4 | 0,4 | 2 | 0,4 |
| Shelf life, months | 18 | 6 | 18 | 18 |
Bituminous mastics are stored in a dry, dark room at a temperature of -20 to +30 C °. The values \u200b\u200bgiven in the table can be guided by when choosing mastics from other manufacturers, but with the same additional components.
How to apply
To achieve the best result, before applying the bituminous waterproofing mastic, the surface of the foundation is covered with a special primer (primer) based on the same bitumen. The primer is a more liquid agent, it penetrates better into the pores of concrete, increases the adhesion strength of the main protective layer to the surface. You can buy a ready-made composition (for example, AquaMast from TechnoNIKOL) or do it yourself. Recipe: dilute 1 part of hard bitumen in 2 - 3 parts of gasoline. Bitumen is pre-melted and poured in small portions into a container with gasoline. Primer consumption from 250 g / m2.
DIY primer application rules:
- If the foundation is new, then before proceeding with the application of waterproofing, glue a piece of film to the surface. Check approximately every 6 hours. If moisture does not appear, then you can start processing.
- Fill cracks and voids with cement-sand mortar. There should be no cavities under the waterproofing layer. Deep slots are pulled together with narrow metal strips.
- Remove protrusions, nodules. You can use a grinder with a grinding wheel on concrete, a hammer or a pickaxe,
- Fill expansion joints with polyurethane foam.
- Wait for the foam and solution to dry.
- Clean the surfaces of the foundation with a brush or mop from all dirt and dust.
- Wear protective clothing, gloves, goggles, and a respirator or mask.
- Apply the first layer of bituminous soil from bottom to top with a brush or fur roller.
- After drying (a sign - no stickiness), a second layer of primer is applied in places treated with cement mortar.
Complete drying of all layers of bitumen primer occurs in about a day. In the process of performing work, observe safety precautions. Do not use bitumen materials near open flames. If the primer comes in contact with the skin, wash off with a solvent.
Application of mastic
If you have to work with bitumen mastic of cold application at temperatures below +5, then the container with the paste is previously kept for at least a day at room temperature. Safety regulations, personal protective equipment are the same as when applying the primer.
The procedure for treating the foundation with bituminous waterproofing mastic by hand:
- Apply the first layer of paste 1 mm thick with a brush, roller or trowel from bottom to top. This must be done with the utmost speed; bitumen-based products usually harden quickly in an open container. Each strip should overlap the next by about 5 cm.
- When the first layer is dry (there should be no stickiness) - apply the second in the transverse direction. If the foundation is buried (more than 2 m), then 3-4 layers will be required.
- If there are cracks, then they can be strengthened with reinforcing fiberglass mesh, geotextile. The overlay should be 10 cm larger than the gap on all sides. It is attached to the mastic and pressed.
If there is a financial opportunity, it is better to entrust the application of waterproofing bitumen mastic to professional builders. Service price - from 125 rubles / m2 (in 1 layer).
Video: Do-it-yourself foundation waterproofing with mastic
When the foundation of any structure is erected, it is necessary to take care of its protection from the influence of soil and atmospheric moisture, which can destroy even the most reliable building materials over time. Therefore, the long-term operation and strength of the entire building depend on the choice of the protective composition.
The most common and affordable protective agent is bituminous mastic for. This material, like all other types of waterproofing, has its own physical, technical and operational characteristics, application features, its own advantages and disadvantages that must be borne in mind when choosing it for subsequent work.
"Pros" and "cons" of bituminous mastic
It should be noted right away that this material has much more advantages than negative qualities. Of the "pluses" of such waterproofing, the following can be distinguished:
- Due to the high elasticity of the bitumen mastic, excellent adhesion is provided between it and the surface of the foundation walls, and in this regard, the material reliably protects the building structure from moisture penetration and erosion caused by it.
- In addition, elasticity keeps the waterproofing layer intact when the structure shrinks and the material cracks during a long service life.
- Bituminous mastic prevents the occurrence and development of corrosion processes of metal elements of the foundation, which also significantly extends the life of the structure.
- The composition protects the material of the foundation walls from the appearance of mold and other colonies of unwanted microflora.
- The mastic penetrates well into the pores of the wall material and fills its cracks.
- The ease of applying this composition to the walls allows you to do this work yourself, since the waterproofing process does not require special skills. The main thing is to make sure that even very small areas not covered by processing remain on the surface during the work.
- The advantage of mastic over other waterproofing materials can also be called the speed of coating.
- Bituminous mastic can also be used as an adhesive for installing roll waterproofing material.
- With the correct selection of this material, it is possible to work with it at almost any temperature.
- All bituminous mastics have an affordable price, so you don't have to find large sums to purchase them. In addition, the mastic is consumed quite sparingly, and it will not be required too much.
Among the disadvantages of this waterproofing material, one can single out the duration of polymerization of the composition applied to the surface, which makes it necessary to postpone subsequent operations until the waterproofing layer completely solidifies. However, this factor can hardly even be called a disadvantage, since having foreseen it, it is possible to plan in advance the time for performing insulation and finishing at a later date.
Another possible "minus" - some mastics of low quality can dry out and crack over time. Therefore, it is very important to choose the right material, guided by not only price criteria.
Varieties of waterproofing mastics
The main types of bituminous mastics
Bituminous mastics are subdivided according to various criteria, therefore, when choosing this material for waterproofing the foundation, you must carefully study the attached instructions, which contain information about both its composition and the technology of application.
1. Bitumen-based mastics are subdivided according to the features of the technology of their application to the surface. There are two main types of this process - "cold" and "hot" application.
- On sale you can find many brands of "hot" bituminous mastics, but what unites them is that they must be warmed up and brought to a certain temperature before being applied to the wall. "Hot" mastics can differ in heat resistance, that is, in the maximum temperature to which they need to be heated until the desired state is reached, in order to be used as an adhesive for roll material, or as an independent coating waterproofing. It should be noted that manufacturers of this material do not recommend mixing mastics with different characteristics.
The so-called "hot" mastics are used mainly by professional builders, since it is necessary to adhere to a certain process technology and, in order to avoid serious injuries, strict adherence to safety measures. If there is no experience with such compositions, then it is better to contact a specialist or use a "cold" version of the coating material to create a waterproofing layer.
Prices for Goodhim bitumen mastic
Bituminous mastic Goodhim
You can also notice that this type of waterproofing is most often used when the building is being built in regions with harsh winter conditions.
- Cold bituminous waterproofing compounds are also produced in various versions, but they are all applied to the walls without any special preliminary preparation of the mastic, except, possibly, its thorough mixing. However, to work in the cold season, at negative temperatures, some variants of such mastics still require some heating. In addition, it must be borne in mind that only high-quality, preferably bitumen-polymer compositions produced by trusted companies are suitable for working in such conditions.
2. Bituminous mastics are produced both on the basis of organic solvents and water-soluble, depending on what components are included in their composition. In this regard, it is possible to dilute them to a more liquid consistency only with those liquids in which they were initially mixed.
3. Waterproofing mastics are one-component and two-component.
- The first option is ready to use, that is, it is enough to open the package, then mix the mixture well - and it can be applied to the surface of the walls prepared for this.
- Two-component mastics consist of two components, which are combined in certain proportions immediately before application. Such compositions quickly set and harden, therefore, after mixing them, you need to work with them quickly enough. Two-component mixtures have not only a longer shelf life when closed, but also high durability during operation. This option is convenient when work needs to be done quickly. But, I must say that, due to the high cost and complexity of use, such compositions have not won wide distribution.
4. The mastics are also separated by the state of their hardening, since, after application, they can harden completely or remain in a semi-solid state.
5. Finally, bitumen mastics are subdivided according to their constituent components. Today on sale you can find the following options for waterproofing compounds based on bitumen:
- Bituminous mineral The mastic contains substances such as chalk, cement, dolomite, asbestos, quartz or limestone, ground to a fine powder - these substances make up up to 20% of the total mass of the mixture. In addition to minerals, this mastic necessarily includes a plasticizer - according to the production technology, it must be at least 5%. In cold mastics, an oil solvent or varnish is used as a plasticizer - it is a waterproofing compound that does not harden in air, which can withstand any mechanical, vibration and hydraulic loads without damage. In this regard, a similar mastic is used to protect the deep parts of the foundation walls.
- Bituminous rubber the composition, in addition to petroleum bitumen, contains fine rubber powder or synthetic rubber, which makes the mastic more elastic. In addition, the mastic contains mineral fillers, as well as a special mineral oil as a plasticizer. Such compositions are made on the basis of an organic solvent.
This type of mastic can also be sold in powder form, and its consumption, depending on the thickness of the coating, is 1.5 ÷ 2 kg / m². Before application, the dry mixture is heated to the temperature indicated on the package. To do this, it is poured into a container and put on fire. This type of mastic can be called one of the most affordable, and the service life of the waterproofing is 15 ÷ 20 years.
- Bituminous rubber the mixture has good viscosity, due to which the material forms a dense, elastic and reliable protective coating against moisture. This version of the mastic, like the previous one, is diluted with a solvent if necessary. Drying time for each of the layers of this coating is from 6 to 12 hours. Material consumption depends on many factors, which can include the porosity of the base material, the thickness of the applied layer, the parameters of humidity and ambient temperature. In general, consumption can vary from 0.75 to 1.5 liters per square meter. For better adhesion to the base and the formation of a high-quality film coating, it is recommended to slightly moisten the concrete wall. No priming is required for rubber mastic.
- Bituminous-polymer water-based mastic contains one or more modified polymers. It does not contain organic solvents, therefore it does not have strong odors and can be used not only for external but also for internal work. Compositions containing polymers are not only an excellent waterproofing for building structures, but also become an excellent protection of walls and interior spaces from the penetration of radon harmful to human health from the soil. The drying time of this mastic on the walls is 6 ÷ 8 hours.
- Bituminous latexmastic is made in water emulsion. Latex is an industrially synthesized rubber with improved properties. In most cases, this type of mastic is used cold and sold ready-made, that is, it is a one-component composition. It is advisable to prepare the wall surfaces before applying the bitumen-latex mastic by treating them with a primer that you can make yourself by diluting the same mastic composition with water in a 1: 1 ratio. Latex mastics can be used even at low temperatures without heating.
- Bituminous oil frost-resistant mastic is excellent for waterproofing external and internal buried structures, the walls of which can be built from any materials. This mastic is diluted with gasoline, white spirit or solvent. Consumption of the oil waterproofing compound is 1 ÷ 1.5 l / m².
- Bituminous primer differs from mastic in its more liquid consistency, as it is used to prepare surfaces for applying the main waterproofing layer of mastic. The primer can be made from mastic by diluting it with a solvent or water, depending on the base, to the desired consistency. This surface preparation compound is applied by roller, brush or sprayed with a special spray gun. The drying time of such a composition on the walls, depending on the base, can be from 1 to 5 hours.
Requirements for mastics
In order for the waterproofing coating to be strong and durable, the composition of the bitumen mastic must be of high quality, and the date of its manufacture must correspond to the warranty periods declared by the manufacturer.
Therefore, when purchasing this material, it is imperative to study the label on the packaging, where all the necessary characteristics and information about the date of its production should be presented.
In addition to these criteria, the following qualities of the mastic must be taken into account:
- The waterproofing mixture must have a uniform consistency without foreign inclusions that can create air bubbles in the applied layer that weaken the waterproof properties of the material.
- The mastic should be flexible and easy to apply.
- The mixture, when applied and during operation, should not emit substances harmful to humans into the environment, which means that it should not contain toxic components.
- The bituminous waterproofing compound used for waterproofing the foundation must have a heat resistance of at least 70 degrees.
- Complete waterproofing is one of the main qualities for any bituminous mastic.
- High adhesion of the mixture is necessary not only for good adhesion to the base, but also for reliable adhesion of waterproofing roll sheets.
- The hardened waterproofing layer must have constant physical and mechanical characteristics that remain throughout the entire operating period, within the operating temperature range indicated on the packaging by the manufacturer.
The main technological methods of applying waterproofing mastic to the walls of the foundation
The process of creating a waterproofing protective layer on the walls of the foundation is not complicated, but it will take a lot of time if you work manually, that is, with a brush, roller or spatula, especially in cases where the structure goes deep into the ground, which means it has a large height and total area ...
| Illustration | Brief description of the performed operation |
|---|---|
 | Starting work on waterproofing the foundation, it is necessary to revise it for cracks. If such flaws are found, they must be repaired, and, if necessary, tightened with metal ties consisting of reinforcing brackets with a diameter of 10-12 mm or strips with a thickness of 3 ÷ 5 mm. If cracks are left on the base, then it is useless to waterproof it with a coating, since moisture will penetrate into the depths of the wall through these gaps, continuing to destroy the concrete. |
 | You need to start repairs by expanding the cracks and deepening them as much as possible. If the crack is small, then it must first be filled with a deep penetration primer, dried, and then filled with an outdoor sealant. If the gap is large, then tightening elements are fixed on the wall, and then, after priming, the crack is filled to the full depth and width with concrete or concrete adhesive mortar. If the foundation is made of bricks, it is recommended to reinforce the entire surface with a metal mesh, then plaster it, and only then proceed to waterproofing work. |
 | Further, before applying the waterproofing material, the cleaned walls are primed with a bituminous primer consisting of bitumen mastic and a solvent. This composition can be purchased ready-made or made independently by mixing the two components in a 1: 1 ratio. |
 | A primer is necessary primarily in order to create a good base for the application of the basic waterproofing material. The primer will strengthen the surface by binding the remaining dust on the wall surface. It will fill pores and small cracks, eliminating the excessive absorbency of the structure of the foundation material - this will reduce the consumption of bitumen mastic and create a smooth waterproof surface for its application. |
 | Since the primer has a liquid consistency, it is convenient to apply it with a soft brush or a brush attached to a long handle for the comfort of work. The primer is applied to the surface evenly, and when it has been completely treated with the preparatory compound, time should be given for the primer to dry. This process will take from 3 to 12 hours, depending on the composition of the solution and the characteristics of the base. |
 | After the primer has dried, a waterproofing coating is applied with one of the selected mastic compositions. It can be applied in one or more layers. Waterproofing applied in four layers, between which fiberglass is laid, is called heavy, and it not only protects the walls from any moisture, but also becomes a kind of additional reinforcement for their surfaces. |
 | Bituminous waterproofing mastic often has a fairly thick consistency, so it is often applied with a wide spatula or trowel. The mass must be evenly distributed over the wall, creating an even layer. If several layers are intended to be applied, then each of them, before proceeding to the next, must be well dried. The drying time of the mastic must be indicated on the packaging of the material. |
 | Another option for using bituminous mastic for waterproofing a foundation is gluing roofing felt sheets on it. In this case, one layer of mastic is applied to the primed walls, which is usually heated before applying the canvases to it for better adhesion of materials to each other. |
 | Further, before carrying out further construction work, the waterproofed and dried walls of the foundation must be covered with thermal insulation material. It will fulfill both its direct purpose and, at this stage of work, will become a good protection for the waterproofing coating from damage. |
If there is a need to carry out such work in the winter, then a mixture is used for waterproofing that can withstand application to the surface at an ambient temperature of up to -30 degrees, for example, bitumen-nairite mastic. In order to work successfully during this difficult period, it is recommended to fulfill some requirements:
- When using bitumen mastic as the main waterproofing material, that is, without using roll materials, the surface of the wall to be treated must be heated to a positive temperature. Heat guns are usually used for this, although heating with a gas burner can also be used.
- The mastic itself should be prepared in warm rooms located at a short distance from the place of its application.
- Do not arrange the waterproofing coating of the foundation in high humidity, fog, rain or snow.
- If it is absolutely necessary to carry out these works in the cold season, it is recommended to arrange special structures - greenhouses that will help to achieve a positive temperature of the foundation walls.
Teplyak is a construction of timber or metal erected at the work site, which is tightened with a dense plastic wrap. Inside this structure, heating devices are turned on to heat the air without an open flame, in order to avoid creating dangerous conditions for the health and life of builders.
- When mixing mastic in equipped greenhouses, electrically heated mixers are used to heat the mixtures.
- Due to unfavorable winter conditions for work, the application of all layers of waterproofing is carried out by the so-called grappling, that is, the process of applying all layers is completely carried out on one section of the foundation. Then, the hothouse is rearranged to an adjacent section of the building, and the work is completely carried out on it - and so on, until the entire task is completely completed.
- The results of all work carried out in the winter period must be checked with the onset of the warm season, for the manifestation of certain defects that should be eliminated immediately.
The very process of creating a waterproofing barrier in this publication is considered briefly, but only for the reason that a separate detailed article is devoted to this issue on our portal.
Foundation waterproofing is important!
A big mistake is made by those builders who, after pouring the foundation, lose sight of the problem of creating protection against the effects of soil moisture. What is it for, what requirements it must meet, and how it can be carried out on its own - read in a special publication on the pages of our portal.
Popular brands of bituminous mastics
A fairly wide range of waterproofing bituminous mastics from different manufacturers is presented on the Russian construction market, but still some of them are very popular.
Products of the Technonikol company
Technonikol mastics are today, perhaps, the most demanded by consumers engaged in private construction. These formulations are made from high quality products using the most modern equipment and meet all international quality standards.
Prices for bitumen mastic Technonikol
TechnoNIKOL bituminous mastic
Bituminous waterproofing mastics are made on the basis of solvents and water emulsions, for hot and cold application, as well as for application using special equipment and by hand.
This table gives the physical and technical characteristics of the compositions of the TechnoNIKOL brand:
| Physical and technical indicators of bituminous mastics "Technonikol" | №20 | №21 | №24 | №31 | №33 | №41 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adhesion strength to the base, MPa: | ||||||
| - with concrete | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.45 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
| - with metal | 0.9 | 0.1 | - | - | 0.25 | 0.9 |
| Flexibility on a beam with a radius of 5.0 ± 0.2 mm 0С | -15 | -35 | -5 | -15 | -25 | - |
| Elongation at break,% | 100 | 500 | - | 700 | 900 | 1100 |
| Moisture absorption during the day,% by weight | 2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Waterproof for 24 hours at a pressure of 0.1 MPa | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Mass fraction of non-volatile substances,% | 73 ÷ 93 | 50 | 65 | 50 ÷ 70 | 53 ÷ 65 | 100 |
| Thickness of one layer, mm | 1.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Consumption per layer, kg / m² | 2.5 ÷ 5.7 | 2.5 ÷ 5.7 | 2.5 ÷ 5.7 | 2.5 ÷ 5.7 | 3.5 ÷ 5.5 | 2.5 ÷ 5.7 |
| Drying time of one layer, h, at + 20 ° С and 50% air humidity. | 24 | 24 | 24 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| Application temperature range, ° С | from -20 to +30 | from -20 to +40 | from +5 to +30 | from +5 to +30 | from -20 to +40 | from -20 to +40 |
| Substrate moisture content by weight, no more,% | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
More detailed information about Technonikol mastics is presented in the table below:
| Illustration | |
|---|---|
 | Bituminous "AquaMast" is produced by the "TechnoNIKOL" company for use in various fields of indoor and outdoor construction. The packaging indicates the purpose of this or that composition - it can be waterproofing of the foundation, swimming pools and floors in bathrooms, roofing and other operations. The composition of AquaMast mastics includes an oil binder bituminous substance, mineral fillers, technical oils and a solvent. The waterproofing bitumen mass for the treatment of foundations is a ready-to-use composition used for application to structures built of concrete, metal, reinforced concrete, wood, brick, buried in the ground and in direct contact with moisture. |
 | To create good adhesion between the waterproofing layer and the foundation material, the manufacturer recommends to impregnate the surfaces with the AquaMast bitumen primer before applying it, and this is especially important if a porous building material is waterproofed. Moreover, following this advice, you can significantly save on mastic and facilitate its application. The drying time of one layer of mastic is from one hour to one day, depending on some factors, which include the material of the foundation, the temperature and humidity of the environment, as well as the thickness of the applied layer. The mastic is considered dry if its surface is no longer sticky. So that during further construction work, the waterproofing layer is not damaged, immediately after it dries, it should be covered with protective plates or heat-insulating mats. This mastic is packaged by the manufacturer in metal buckets of 3, 10 and 18 kilograms. Consumption of mastic is 1 kg / m². |
 | TechnoNIKOL No. 20 is a ready-to-use bitumen-rubber mastic. The waterproofing material consists of several components - modified crushed rubber, petroleum bitumen, mineral fillers, processing aids and organic solvent. After final drying, this mastic creates a high-strength coating that can be used in a wide range of operating temperatures, in various areas, from applying protective layers to roofing material and ending with waterproofing various building structures, including foundations. |
 | Consumption of TechnoNIKOL No. 20 for roofing varies from 3.8 to 5.7 kg / m², and for waterproofing the foundation from 2.5 to 3.5 kg / m². It is possible to carry out work on applying this composition at temperatures from -20 to +40 degrees, the drying time of the waterproofing layer is 24 hours at temperatures above +5 degrees. Do not carry out work close to sources of open fire, avoid contact of the mass on the skin and mucous membranes. Storage of bitumen-rubber mastics should be carried out at temperatures from -20 to +30 degrees, in a place protected from light. The shelf life from the date of production is 18 months. Sold mastic "Technonikol No. 20" in metal buckets of 20 liters. |
 | "TechnoNIKOL No. 21" ("Technomast") - this mastic is designated as roofing, but it is successfully used not only for repairing any types of roofs in combination with roll coatings, fiberglass and as an independent waterproofing, but also to protect all building structures from moisture ... These areas include basements, piles, house foundations and other parts of buildings that are buried in the ground and in direct contact with water. In addition, this composition is suitable for anti-corrosion treatment of surfaces made of metal - these are car bodies, pipes and other components and structures. Technomast is a ready-to-use mastic consisting of modified artificial rubber, mineral fillers, processing aids, organic solvent and petroleum bitumen. Coating layers of this material have high elasticity, heat capacity, adhesion strength, and moisture resistance. |
 | It is possible to work with Technomast mastic at ambient temperatures from -20 to +40 degrees. If the air is heated to a temperature below +5 degrees, then before applying the composition must be kept warm for at least a day. Under favorable conditions, the drying time for the mastic layer is no more than 24 hours. You cannot work with this composition if there is an open fire nearby, as well as when applying mastic, it is imperative to protect your eyes and open areas of the body. The solution is sold in metal buckets of 20, 10 and 3 liters. Consumption of mastic when applied for roofing is 3.8 ÷ 5.7 kg / m², and for protection against moisture of foundations 2.5 ÷ 3.5 kg / m². |
 | "TechnoNIKOL No. 24" ("MGTN") is a waterproofing mastic, a mixture of bitumen, mineral fillers, solvent and technological additives. This type of mastic does not contain polymers, therefore, its elasticity is somewhat lower and there is no relative elongation, therefore, the mastic belongs to rigid waterproofing coatings and is not suitable for working with metal. The mastic is specially designed for the protective coating of wood, concrete and reinforced concrete surfaces. The rest of the data on this material is given in the table above. |
 | TechnoNIKOL No. 31 is an aqueous emulsion of petroleum bitumen, processing aids, modified artificial rubber, and mineral fillers. The material has high adhesion to any surfaces, is resistant to moisture, elastic and heat resistant. Since the composition is made on the basis of water, it does not contain mineral solvents. In this regard, such a mastic can be used for waterproofing work indoors - balconies, bathrooms, pools, basements and others. However, the material is also used for the repair of roofing, both as an independent waterproofing, and in combination with rolled sheets or fiberglass. |
 | The TechnoNIKOL No. 31 is also excellent for the protective coating of foundation walls and other structures buried in the ground. This ready-to-use waterproofing mastic has some application features. Before starting work, the solution must be mixed well, and then applied to a dry or slightly damp surface cleaned of dirt, as long as it is not wet. Surfaces can be coated with a spatula or a wide brush. The aqueous solution is applied at an air temperature of +5 to +30 degrees, and drying of one layer of waterproofing takes no more than 5 hours. Finally, the coating will gain strength after seven days. The consumption of the composition "TechnoNIKOL No. 31" is 3.8 ÷ 5.7 kg / m² for waterproofing the roof, and 2.5 ÷ 3.5 kg / m² when applied to the walls of the foundation. The mastic goes on sale in metal buckets of 18, 9 and 2.7 kg. |
 | "Technonikol No. 33" is a bitumen-latex mastic made on the basis of an aqueous emulsion, which also includes modified polymers. The composition does not contain mineral solvents. This type of material is also suitable for waterproofing both foundations and roofs, and for indoor floor areas. The mastic does not require preparation before use and is suitable for manual and mechanical application. When deciding to use special equipment for surface treatment, spraying is possible only in conjunction with a 10 ÷ 12% solution of calcium chloride, which means 4 kg of crystalline substance per 25 liters of water, which is added to the mastic in proportions of 1: 8. The mastic is sold in barrels of 200 liters, and its consumption is 4.5 ÷ 5.5 kg / m² for roofing, and 3.5 ÷ 4.5 kg / m² for waterproofing foundations. |
 | TechnoNIKOL No. 41 is a “hot” waterproofing mastic, which is considered a roofing mastic, but it is quite possible to use it for sealing potholes and cracks in concrete screeds and reinforced concrete slabs, coating foundations made of concrete, metal, various blocks, as well as for protecting pipelines. This type of mastic is made from modified polymers, mineral fillers and petroleum bitumen. When applied, it creates a durable one-piece coating, providing reliable waterproofing of the structure. |
 | Before starting work, TechnoNIKOL No. 41 must be prepared. For this, dry mastic is placed in a container and heated to 160 ÷ 180 degrees, after which it is applied to a surface primed with a bitumen primer with a brush. Application works are carried out at air temperatures from -20 to +40 degrees. This product is sold in paper bags with a siliconized inner layer inside. The net weight of the bag is 30 kg. The shelf life of the material from the date of manufacture is 18 months. |
 | Bituminous-polymer mastic MKTN is a composition used in a cold state. It includes petroleum bitumen, modified synthetic styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer or its modifications, solvent, filler and processing aids. Mastic is used for arranging and repairing roofs, as well as for waterproofing basement walls and foundations, as well as other building structures that are buried in the ground and are constantly exposed to moisture. The material has not only waterproofing qualities, but also anti-corrosion, therefore it is often used for the protective treatment of metal structures and parts not only in construction, but also in car repairs. The consumption of mastic is 3.8 ÷ 5.7 kg / m² for the roof, and 2.5 ÷ 3.5 kg / m² for waterproofing foundations. The material is designed for use in the temperature range from -200 to +300 degrees, and the drying time under normal conditions is no more than a day. The mastic warranty period from the date of manufacture is 18 months. It goes on sale in metal buckets and barrels of 20 and 50 liters. |
Bituminous mastics from other manufacturers
In addition to the well-known domestic brand “Technonikol”, other manufacturers also present their products on the Russian market, which include “Oil Bitumen Plant”, “GidroLux”, “Icopal”, “DonIzol”, “Grida” and others.
The characteristics of some of them will be presented in tables.
| Physical and technical indicators of bituminous mastics | "MGH-G" | "MGH-K" | "MGH-T" | "Darkie" | "MEBIS" |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moisture absorption during the day, no more,% by weight | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Conditional viscosity, not less, seconds | 21 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 14 ÷ 28 |
| Bond strength to concrete, not less, MPa | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.5 ÷ 3.0 | 0.15 ÷ 0.1 | 0.4 |
| Softening point, ° С | 70 | 130 | 100 | 80 | 100 |
| Drying time for one layer, hours | 24 | 12 ÷ 24 | 24 | 12 ÷ 24 | 12 ÷ 24 |
| Depth of needle penetration at 25 ° C, 0.1 mm | 15 ÷ 20 | 12 ÷ 20 | 15 ÷ 20 | 15 ÷ 20 | 12 ÷ 15 |
| Consumption of mastic, liter / m², with a layer thickness of 2 mm | 1 | 0.8 ÷ 1.0 | 0.8 ÷ 1.0 | 2.5 ÷ 3.0 | 0.25 ÷ 0.5 |
And about the same compositions - in more detail:
| Illustration | Brief description of material features |
|---|---|
 | Mastic MGH-G "Grida" is a ready-to-use composition that does not require heating. The homogeneous mixture consists of petroleum bitumen, mineral filler and organic solvent. A similar composition is intended for external waterproofing of various building structures, including those buried in the ground, except for those that will be subject to thermal effects in excess of 70 degrees during operation. Work on the application of this composition is carried out at an air temperature of at least +10 degrees, on a surface previously cleaned and primed with a bitumen primer. |
 | MGH-G mastic is rather thick and is often applied with a spatula. If you plan to work with a brush or roller, then the mixture must be diluted with an organic solvent, the amount of which should not exceed 25 ÷ 50% of the mastic volume. As a solvent, a petroleum solvent, white spirit, turpentine, xylene and similar organic compounds can be used. If the waterproofing mastic will be used without additional materials, such as roofing material, it is recommended to apply 2 ÷ 3 layers of the composition to the walls of the foundation, letting each of them dry from 6 to 24 hours, if the ambient temperature is at least +20 degrees. Complete drying of the coating occurs one day after the last layer is applied. If the work is carried out at low temperatures, then the drying time increases. The mastic goes on sale in metal buckets of 20 liters. |
 | MGH-K "Grida" is a ready-to-use bitumen-rubber compound, which consists of crushed rubber crumb, petroleum bitumen, resin acids, synthetic thermoplastic polymer and organic solvents. The ingredients that make up the mastic in the complex give it elasticity, which is not lost at temperatures from -35 to + 130 degrees. Waterproofing material is used for application to the roofing surface, foundations, and other parts of the outer parts of the building. Due to its balanced consistency, the mastic penetrates well and closes various surface defects such as chips, cracks and crevices. If the damage is wide, then the mastic is used in combination with a reinforcing fiberglass mesh. The strength and adhesion of this type of mastic is so high that it is used even for patching the road surface. A complete list of the work that can be done with this waterproofing material can be found on the package label. |
 | If it is necessary to obtain a more liquid composition, the mastic can be diluted with one of the organic solvents. It should be remembered that the solvent can be added in a volume of no more than 25 ÷ 50% of the total mass. To protect the foundation walls from moisture, it is recommended to apply two to three layers of mastic on their surface, and each of them is best reinforced with fiberglass or fiberglass mesh. Each of the layers must be dried for at least 6 hours at a temperature of at least 20 degrees. Final drying takes place within a day after applying the last layer of mastic. This mastic is sold in metal buckets with a volume of 2, 20, 50 liters. |
 | MGH-T "Grida" is a rubber-bitumen mastic, ready for application, consists of petroleum bitumen, mineral fillers, fine rubber crumb, solvent and synthetic rubber. The mastic has excellent adhesion, therefore it creates a durable, waterproof, elastic coating on the surface of concrete and metal, which can be operated at temperatures from -40 to +100 degrees, that is, inert to temperature extremes. The material is suitable for waterproofing any surface, from roofing to basement or pool floors. The mastic is applied with a spatula, brush or roller, but in the latter applications it must be diluted. The application of this waterproofing compound is carried out according to the same principle as MGH-K "Grida". If you have to work at low temperatures, then the mastic needs to be slightly heated in a steam bath to a temperature of 30 ÷ 50 degrees. The mastic is packaged in containers of 2, 20 and 50 liters. |
 | "MEBIS" is a water-based bitumen-polymer mastic used cold for waterproofing works. It is used to protect the roof, as well as other building structures, including those buried in the ground. This waterproofing compound does not contain organic solvents, so it can be safely used not only for external, but also internal work. The mastic is suitable for protecting not only concrete and metal, but also materials such as drywall, brick, wood and plaster. In addition, this mastic is an excellent primer for preparing surfaces for further waterproofing. |
 | If "MEBIS" is used in this capacity, then it is diluted with water, in proportions 1: 1. To prepare surfaces, it is enough to apply a primer on them with a layer of 1 mm. Waterproofing is applied to the prepared wall in two or three layers, between which fiberglass is laid. Drying of each layer will take 3 ÷ 4 hours, and final drying occurs after 12 ÷ 48 hours, depending on the temperature and humidity of the environment. The operating temperature of the material varies from -35 to +100 degrees. Material consumption depends on the quality of surface preparation, its porosity, structure and hygroscopicity. "MEBIS" is on sale in plastic buckets of 5, 20 and 50 kg. |
 | The plant "MPK KRZ" in Ryazan produces the "Smuglyanka" mastic. This waterproofing material consists of bitumen, rubber fine crumb, organic solvent and processing aids. The presence of rubber in the mastic makes it more elastic, increases the adhesive qualities of the material and its resistance to temperature extremes, soil and atmospheric moisture. Therefore, this type of material is suitable for waterproofing various areas of the building, including the roof, buried foundations, and swimming pools. If necessary, the bitumen mixture can be diluted with such solvents as gasoline, nefras, solvent, white spirit and others similar. This process will have to be carried out if the work is supposed to be done with a brush or roller. The consumption of such a mastic when applied to the walls of the foundation with a layer of 2 mm will be 2.5 ÷ 3 kg / m². It goes on sale in metal containers with packaging of 18 kg. |
Video: bituminous mastic «Bitumast "- reliable waterproofing from foundation to roof
At the end of the topic, it is necessary to emphasize once again that when choosing a material for waterproofing, one should give preference to well-known trusted manufacturers who comply with the established quality standards for manufacturing their products. However, whatever mastic is chosen to protect the foundation, the waterproofing coating will be truly reliable only if all technological requirements for applying the material to the surface are observed.
Find out about the different ones from the new article on our portal.
The reinforced concrete foundation is operated in the ground and needs protection from moisture. Lubricating waterproofing is the simplest technology that does not require high professionalism in processing. Depending on the plasticizer, filler and the required level of protection of the power structures, the consumption of mastic and the drying time change.
Processing 1 m² of the surface with bitumen is very expensive, the film "flows" in the heat, cracks in the cold. Therefore, modern mastics contain components that improve the properties of the material:
- plasticizer - rubber chips, latex resin, rubber, mineral oil;
- filler - ash, brick dust, quartz, lime;
- reinforcing additives - asbestos, basalt wool;
- inhibitors - metal corrosion inhibitors.
Cold (liquid) mastic.
Cold mastic is more convenient to work with, hardens immediately after the evaporation of the solvent. Hot waterproofing for the foundation is preheated to 160 - 180 degrees, hardens when it cools.
Average consumption for one coat per 1 m² is:
- hot waterproofing - 2 kg (2 mm film layer);
- water base - 1 - 1.5 kg (film 0.6 - 1.2 mm);
- on a solvent - 1 - 1.5 kg (0.5 - 1 mm film).
Hot (hard) mastic
Under normal conditions (no precipitation, 20 degrees) cold mastic dries for 5-24 hours (solvent, dispersion, respectively), hot modifications freeze in 4 hours. When choosing which layer is better to apply than to cover reinforced concrete structures, factors are taken into account:
- terms of work;
- coating consumption;
- atmospheric conditions;
- the price of materials;
- resource of the film layer.
The minimum permissible outside air temperature is -5 degrees for hot food, solvent-based mastics. For water-based compositions, this threshold is +5 degrees, but twice the moisture content of the base is allowed (8% instead of 4%).
If for the majority of paints and varnishes the characteristic is important - hiding power, then for mastics the “dry residue” is much more important. This property is indicated by most manufacturers on the packaging, it allows you to determine how much substance remains on the surface after curing. Waterproofing coatings with a dry residue of 60 - 70% are preferable, rather than 20 - 40%, since the total material consumption and labor costs are reduced.
Hot mastics are cheaper, comply with GOST 2889, but require additional equipment (heating, application). The main characteristics of the most popular waterproofing coatings are as follows:
- Bituminous-rubber mastic - 25 years resource, suitable for inclined surfaces of 45 degrees (does not slip when heated), frost resistance -60 degrees, permissible operating heating +100 degrees, antiseptic, even coating, heating is not needed.
- Rubber-bitumen coating - drying - 24 hours, curing - 7 days, vibration-resistant, tear-resistant film (stretching 200%).
- Bituminous-oil modifications are cheaper than others, they are not afraid of heating, frost, they do not form a film, the coating is considered self-healing, not suitable for processing inclined planes.
- Bituminous-latex mastic - suitable for operation from -35 to +80 degrees, reliably seals the seams of roll insulation, is suitable for gluing materials, withstands pressure pressure.
For sealing the seams of prefabricated strip foundations, it is better to use special compounds. For example, waterproofing plasters, penetrating mixtures.
Surface preparation
All work must be carried out without violations of SNiP 3.04.01 (insulation), SP 45.13330 (foundations), manuals MDS 12-34, recommendations of the Industrial Building Institute. In order to better roll the material over the surface of the foundation, to increase adhesion when brushing, it is necessary to perform the following operations:
- surface cleaning - accidental mortar, film residues, chips from the board formwork must be removed;
- sealing of technological seams - relevant for precast tapes from FBS blocks, a waterstop, sealant or swelling cord is used depending on the groundwater level (GWL), the presence of pressure pressure;
- leveling - the films formed after the bitumen mastic has hardened have high elasticity, therefore, it is enough to close only large caverns, level the seams with special plasters (moisture resistant modifications).
Waterproofing must be continuous - any untreated area, a large scratch from the stone during backfilling will negate the effectiveness of the work. Therefore, the outer and inner edges of the reinforced concrete tape are processed (if the house is without a basement), its upper surface.
The vertical layer must be connected to the waterproofing carpet under the foundation sole, the edges of which must be extended outward before pouring the MZLF. They are glued to the walls of the tape, the transition areas of the coating / roll waterproofing are treated with 3 - 4 layers of insulation.
Then the concrete surfaces of the foundation must be treated with a special soil. It can be diluted bituminous mastics or polymer primer. It binds dust, strengthens the surface layer, improves wettability, fills pores.
The material characteristics are as follows:
- consumption - 0.2 - 0.4 l per 1 m²;
- drying - 1 hour emulsion, 6 - 12 hours bituminous, 15 minutes polymer.
The material is easily applied (brush, roller), increases the cost of building a foundation by 7 - 10 rubles / m2 maximum.
Application
One-component formulations are ready-to-use, two-component mixtures should be mixed according to the instructions on the package. In the latter case, it is necessary to pay attention to the lifetime of the material - immediately after mixing the bitumen base with the hardener, the mixture begins to harden. It is necessary to take into account the configuration of the foundation, the availability of access in all areas, to really assess your own performance in order to manage to develop the entire volume.
Applying mastic to the surface.
Depending on the consistency, the required layer thickness, the configuration of the strip foundation, bituminous waterproofing is applied with a spray, roller, brush, spatula:
- recommended overlap of strips 5 cm;
- consumption of about 1.3 kg per 1 m²;
- processing of concrete from the bottom up.
In the corners, waterproofing is usually reinforced with fiberglass.
The next layer of cold mastic begins to be applied to the still wet previous one. To improve the quality of waterproofing, a reinforcing layer (fiberglass, polymer plaster mesh) is usually laid between the layers. Coarse sand can be applied to the topcoat, which increases the film strength several times. Consumption in each subsequent layer is slightly reduced, since the lower film of bitumen mastic levels the wall.
Fiberglass can be used to reinforce corners.
backfilling
Experts repeatedly remind of the need for a continuous layer of waterproofing. At the stage of backfilling the sinuses of the foundation pit, bitumen mastic is easily damaged by stones and gravel. Therefore, it is recommended to use fine non-metallic materials (for example sand), which additionally protect the belt from tangential swelling forces. The consumption will increase, but the quality of the waterproofing film layer will provide the maximum service life
The heat-insulating circuit completely solves the problem of protecting bitumen mastic:
- pasting the outer surface of the foundation tape with extruded polystyrene foam;
- insulation of the blind area at the level of 30 - 40 cm from the surface of the earth.
The budget expenditure in this case is fully justified for the exploited underground floor. Insulation shifts the dew point outward, preventing fogging of the interior walls. However, in the absence of a basement floor, insulation is often not needed, in this case it is possible to protect the waterproofing with a layer of geotextile.
The pros and cons of using bitumen for waterproofing the foundation, the types of mastic and the rules for its selection, the technology of applying a protective coating.
The content of the article:
Basement waterproofing with bitumen is the protection of the base with a strong and effective mastic, which creates a seamless waterproof film on the surface. Manufacturers have developed a variety of material modifications for use in a variety of conditions. We will talk about the choice of means and technology for applying on the walls in our article.
Features of work on waterproofing the foundation with bitumen
The foundation is a complex structure made of concrete and reinforcement that carries a large load. By its structure, it is heterogeneous; the monolith has pores and microcracks through which water will sooner or later reach the metal frame. Over time, corrosion will weaken the structure, which can lead to cracks and displacement of floor slabs.
One of the options for protecting the base from water is treatment with bitumen or bitumen mastic. The composition also includes a solvent, modifiers, sometimes antiseptics and herbicides. The viscous material reliably clogs all micro-voids in concrete, brick, wood.
For waterproofing, solid raw materials are melted over a fire, and the pasty mass is diluted to the desired consistency with solvents. The substance is applied to the wall from the water pressure side. It can be used alone or as an interlayer between the partition and the roll material.
Lubricating bituminous waterproofing of the foundation is used to protect against capillary moisture in draining and low-moisture soils, in which the water is 1.5-2 m deeper than the basement floor level.
Resin is a flammable material, so be sure to follow the safety rules. Basic requirements: work with resin in closed clothing, glasses and a respirator. Don't do anything in the rain and snow.
Advantages and disadvantages of waterproofing the foundation with bitumen
Coating a foundation with resin is the most common water protection option. We can highlight the main positive qualities that the base acquires after processing:
- A moisture-impermeable film forms on the outside.
- Mold and mildew do not grow on the surface.
- The substance clogs pores and minor damage to the wall.
- The film retains its elasticity throughout the entire service life and does not lose its properties in the temperature range from +100 to -50 degrees.
- The insulator is easy to apply to the wall, you don't need to hire professionals and save money.
- The low cost of raw materials allows people with any income to buy it.
- After the house shrinks, tears sometimes appear in the material.
- The resin protects the wall for 10 years, then the procedure must be repeated.
- The work is done more slowly than other means.
Basement waterproofing technology with bitumen
The creation of a protective coating takes place in several stages. First, you need to select the type of material and determine its quantity. Then the base is prepared and the solution is applied.
Selection of materials for foundation protection
To form a protective layer, it is necessary to purchase not only bitumen, you will also need a primer for treating the base. A brief description of the most popular remedies is given below.
Lubricants are divided into two types - bitumen and bitumen mastic. The first type includes solid products such as BN-3, BN-4, BN-5. Most often they are applied on horizontal areas and on places where a thick layer is needed. Can be used as stand alone insulators or in combination with other resin-based substances.
Bitumen for waterproofing the foundation before work is heated to a temperature of + 160-180 degrees, which requires the presence of heating devices on the construction site. High temperature is required to completely remove moisture from the substance. The material is distinguished by its low price per square meter. Often in the composition there are various additives to increase elasticity.
The mastic is made with organic solvents and applied cold. These tools include:
- Conventional solvent-borne bitumen mastic... The most popular base waterproofing agent. It stands out for its low cost, but the durability of the protective film is small.
- Bituminous mastic with the addition of polymers... It increases elasticity, improves adhesion to the substrate, increases the temperature range of use. Does not require complete drying of the wall. The cost of the material is high, therefore, it is used in exceptional cases. Of the minuses, it can be noted that it cannot be used in places where water is constantly present.
- Water-based bituminous mastic... Designed to be applied to basement side surfaces. It is used if it is impossible to process walls from the outside. It is water-based and therefore odorless. Safe in confined spaces. The substance has temperature limitations - the temperature in the basement must be +5 degrees or more.
- Rubber-bitumen mastic... Used to obtain high quality coating. Reliably protects the wall even under water.
- Bituminous-latex emulsion... The walls of a large area are covered with it in a mechanized way. Up to 1000 m 2 can be processed in 8 hours.
- Two-component bituminous mastics... Individual elements of the substance are sold in different banks and combined before work. The product has a long shelf life and quick hardening.
- Hot mastic... Not afraid of difficult climatic conditions. To liquefy it, it is heated to a temperature of 300 degrees.
The primer can be prepared independently from BN70 / 90 or BN90 / 10 bitumen and a solvent (gasoline, kerosene), in a ratio of 1: 3 or 1: 4 by weight. Another option is to use for these purposes a mastic with a heat resistance above 80 degrees, diluted to a semi-liquid state. The type of primer must match the waterproofing agent.
The consumption of bitumen mastic depends on many factors: the area of \u200b\u200bthe treated area, the density of the resin, its brand, composition and quality. To determine the volume, you can use our recommendations:
- On 1 m 2 of the vertical surface there is from 300 to 900 g.
- For horizontal sections, 1-2 kg are used per 1 m 2.
- The thickness of the insulation depends on the depth of the foundation. If the base goes down 0-3 m, it should be at least 2 mm, if 3-5 m - 2-4 mm.
For control, use universal thickness gauges or available tools. For example, a comb helps if the solution is still liquid. To determine the size of the dried substance, cut a small segment of the film from the wall and use a caliper. If the parameter does not correspond to the permissible value, re-process the baffle.
Not all bitumen-based products can be applied to the foundation. Do not use products made of liquefied material due to low operational durability.
Foundation surface preparation
Waterproofing can be carried out at any stage of construction. It is easier to complete the work at the stage of building a building, when the base has not yet been covered with soil.
If the house is residential, outside, next to the foundation, dig a trench to its full depth. For convenience, the width of the pit should be at least 1 m.
- Inspect the structure for defects and determine how to fix them. The wall must be solid, without breaks.
- At the junctions of horizontal and vertical planes, make fillets for smooth mating of surfaces.
- Expand cracks to a solid base and seal up with cement mortar.
- If you find a large number of sinks, rub them with a special fine-grained cement mortar. The operation is carried out to exclude the appearance of air bubbles when applying the mastic.
- Remove sharp and prickly protrusions and combs from the wall or round off with a radius of 3-5 cm. Otherwise, after filling with soil, damage to the coating will occur. To eliminate the shortcomings, use a grinder with suitable attachments. The tool will also be needed to round the corners of the structure.
- Clean the wall from dust and dirt.
- Make sure the surface is dry. The presence of moisture can be determined using special devices. The permissible value is no more than 4%. If there is no moisture meter, cover the wall section with plastic wrap and leave it for a day. If a wet spot appears underneath, the wall is not ready for waterproofing. You can dry the partition with a construction hairdryer.
- If the groundwater near the house is close to the surface, install a drainage system. It will reduce the hydrostatic pressure on the structure.
Preparation of bitumen for application to the foundation
The substance is diluted or melted to a semi-liquid state, convenient for work. The preparation process depends on the type of material.
Solid bitumen is melted on fire in any container - bucket, tank, iron barrel, their size depends on the area to be treated. Pour pieces of resin into the barrel, light a fire under it. After melting, the raw material is ready for use. It will take 2 people to work. The stoker maintains combustion under the tank and makes sure that the solution does not run out. The second performer is working on the wall.
Bitumen-polymer mastic liquefies without heating. Grind the resin, put it in a container and fill it with a solvent - gasoline, kerosene or white spirit. Stir the contents until a jelly-like mass is obtained. When working, observe the fire safety rules due to flammable gasoline fumes.
The two-component mastic is sold in two containers. One contains bitumen, the other contains polymer additives. To prepare the solution, combine both elements and mix for 5 minutes with a low-speed drill with a special spiral nozzle.
Instructions for applying bitumen mastic
The process of applying the solution to the wall is simple, but the operations are performed in a specific sequence:
- Prime the surface with primer or other means with a brush in one layer. Areas covered with cement-sand plaster - in two. The following work can be carried out only after the walls are completely dry.
- Pour the prepared bitumen into a bucket and take it to the house.
- Fill a small container with the solution, dip a wide brush or paintbrush into it and slide it down the wall. Perform the next strip with an overlap on the first.
- If waterproofing is done in a hot way, you need to work quickly, because in a small container, the solution begins to solidify after 1-2 minutes. On the wall, the resin completely freezes within 24 hours
- The two-component mastic will last for 30 minutes, so use it quickly.
- Reinforce bitumen with reinforced material in cracked wall areas or near cold joints. For these purposes, fiberglass fabric, fiberglass or geotextiles with a density of 100 to 150 g / m 2 are suitable. Apply a layer of substance to the wall, apply fiberglass to it and press firmly with a roller to the base. The canvas must cover the problem area and the area around it by at least 100 mm. There should be no voids under the strip. The use of reinforcement will distribute the tensile load over a large area, reduce the pressure on the foundation near the crack, which will extend the reliability and durability of the structure.
- After the first coat has dried, apply the next one. The solution is considered to be hardened when it stops sticking. The solidification time depends on many factors - the composition of the mixture, temperature and humidity, usually lasts 4-6 hours. It is recommended to resume work after 24 hours.
- After the walls have dried, fill the trench with clean sand free of foreign matter that can damage the coating.
Bitumen is the most affordable and popular material for foundation waterproofing. It is easy to apply, which allows you to do the operation yourself. It is only important to follow some simple rules for working with this substance.
Surface treatment with bitumen has always been considered the most effective and affordable waterproofing not only for concrete or brick structures, but also for metal pipes and tanks, wooden beams and other building materials. Bitumen can be called universal insulation. If earlier the method of its application caused certain difficulties - it had to be melted on fire and applied hot - today this misunderstanding is excluded from the practice of using solvents. Bituminous mastic for waterproofing has a consumption that is quite consistent with its price, it is produced ready for use and does not require more than 1 or 2 people to apply it, so the total cost of the coating is very democratic. It is also worth noting that earlier bituminous waterproofing would break and crack at low temperatures. Now this issue has been resolved with the help of all kinds of plasticizers and polymer additives. In general, with the development of chemistry, the use of bitumen for waterproofing work has become not only easier, but also much more effective.
Today, a huge number of different types of mastics are used for waterproofing. They differ in composition, field of application, method of application, type of binder and solvent. There are purely polymer mastics, but they are quite rare and inferior in their properties to bitumen-polymer mastics. Therefore, we will consider various types of bituminous mastics.
Types of mastics:
- bitumen mastic with mineral fillers, which may include chalk, cement, dolomite, ash, asbestos and other minerals;
- bitumen-rubber mastic, which may include rubber chips or dispersed emulsion, sometimes hot application is required;
Bituminous-rubber mastic has high elasticity and good heat resistance, has a low viscosity, which makes it possible to wet concrete bases well
- bitumen-polymer waterproofing, which may include various fillers: rubber crumb, minerals, and a polymer material, for example, polystyrene or polyurethane, is an obligatory component;
- bitumen emulsion mastic or primer: is an aqueous emulsion of fine bitumen dust, used mainly for surface preparation before applying other mastics or roll materials.
The primer is intended to prepare the base
- hot-applied bitumen mastic or just building bitumen: consists of bitumen; to give the elasticity required for application, heating up to 300 ° C is required, which presents certain difficulties.
Scope and features of working with material
The most commonly used solvents are toluene, solvent, gasoline or white spirit. For this reason, work with bituminous mastics in closed rooms must be carried out in accordance with safety regulations - use respirators and goggles. It is also best to wear a respirator when working outdoors in hot weather.
Bitumen-polymer mastics are most often produced without the use of organic solvents, which is a big plus, because allows contact of these materials with thermal insulation boards made of polystyrene and expanded polystyrene, they also do not emit flammable and toxic fumes.
Work better with glasses and a respirator
Also, the composition of mastics (mainly bitumen-polymer) may include reinforcing elements: various fibers, particles of fiberglass, etc.
According to the purpose, there are bituminous mastics for waterproofing carried out independently, for gluing roll materials, for repairing roofing, for waterproofing and repairing road surfaces and universal compounds. Modern manufacturers most often produce universal mastics that are suitable for various types of work. However, it is better to select a material designed specifically for the conditions in which it is supposed to be used. It can be a roofing mastic or a mastic for waterproofing a foundation, a compound for coating metal pipes or bricks, etc.
In terms of performance, bitumen-polymer mastics are considered the best, they have excellent adhesion to the surface of all kinds of materials (concrete, metal, wood, brick, stone, roofing material) and form a strong elastic film that retains its physical and chemical properties in a wide temperature range. Also, bitumen-polymer compositions are more resistant to mechanical stress and durable. They cost respectively more expensive than other types of bituminous waterproofing.
Bitumen-rubber mastics have excellent elasticity
Bitumen-rubber mastics and mastics with mineral fillers are intended both for self-application as a waterproofing layer and for gluing roll bitumen coatings. They are also used to repair existing coatings. They can be applied without dismantling the old roofing cake, which is an undeniable advantage. Generally speaking, mastics with mineral fillers form a more durable, but less elastic coating than bitumen-rubber compounds. Therefore, for roofs, mastic with mineral fillers is preferable, but mastic for waterproofing the floor must be elastic, i.e. with crumb rubber or polymer.
Bituminous emulsions are used as a primer or primer before applying the main waterproofing. It can also be used independently for light capillary waterproofing of concrete basement walls. Due to the very small particle size, bitumen dust penetrates deep into the structure of the material through capillaries and provides good adhesion to the surface.
Pure bitumen is used in the construction of large-scale structures due to its low cost and almost zero shrinkage. When applying, one should adhere to labor protection standards, work in protective clothing and observe fire safety rules, since bitumen is a combustible material.
Construction bitumen is solid blocks
How to calculate the consumption of mastic for waterproofing
An important indicator of the material is its consumption. You can determine this parameter by reading the label, and if the flow rate is not specified, but the recommended minimum layer is indicated, an approximate flow rate can be calculated. Typically, the mastic contains from 30 to 70% volatile solvents, i.e. after application, the shrinkage of the material will be from 30 to 70 percent, respectively.
Most often, the consumption of mastic is indicated on the label. On average, from 2 to 4 kg of mastic is consumed for waterproofing foundations, for roofing from 3.5 to 6 kg, for gluing roofing material - 1 - 2 kg of cold applied mastic. The consumption of hot mastic slightly exceeds the average values, but does not go beyond the maximum. Figures are given per square meter of area.
To achieve the required coating thickness when applied to vertical walls and walls with a slope, the mastic is rolled in two or three layers. Each next layer is applied to the dried previous layer of mastic.
A new layer of bituminous mastic is applied to the dried previous
Basement waterproofing technology with bituminous mastic
After the concrete has matured, the surface of the foundation walls should be cleaned of sand, dust and dirt. Then, for better adhesion, the area where the mastic is planned to be applied must be treated with a bituminous primer. If a significant part of the emulsion is absorbed into the material, another coat should be applied. The degree of thickness of the coating can be determined by the saturation of the black color that the treated surface acquires. The priming layer is applied with a brush or roller.
After the primer has dried (maximum 24 hours), you can start applying the main layer. Any bituminous or bitumen-polymer mastic for concrete waterproofing is suitable for work. If the consistency of the solution is too thick, you can slightly dilute it with white spirit and stir well with a drill and mixer. If you have to work on a frosty day, the mastic should be heated to a temperature of 40 - 50 ° C in a metal container.
The mastic should be heated carefully, avoiding contact of vapors with an open flame
The waterproofing mastic is applied using a construction brush, roller or trowel. The layer should not be too thick and create streaks, but it should not be smeared either. After applying the first layer, it is necessary to wait for it to dry, after which the second layer is applied and, if necessary, the third. More than three layers are rarely used.
For convenience, the roller can be attached to the long handle
If a bitumen-polymer mastic is used, which does not contain organic solvents, insulation made of foam or extruded polystyrene foam can be glued to it. On bituminous mastic, which contains solvents, it is possible to mount the named materials only after drying, otherwise the solvents will cause warping of the insulation plates and corroding its structure at the points of contact.
Foam can be glued to the mastic for insulation
Modern bituminous cold applied mastics have a number of advantages: they have a relatively inexpensive cost, ease of application and long shelf life. This material forms a seamless one-piece sealed coating that, with the help of plasticizers and other targeted additives, does not crack when the temperature drops and has sufficient elasticity, strength and durability. However, if everyone can apply bituminous mastic, then a specialist should determine its applicability in a particular case. The same applies to the type of mastic, layer thickness, its composition and service life. In such matters, it is better to trust professionals.