Many people are wondering how to save money on energy consumption, which, among other things, is spent on heating a home. To date, the most effective way to save money is to insulate the facade of the house, which allows you to spend less money on heating your home.
This option allows you to keep heat in the house, reduces its heat loss, increases the energy efficiency of a separate building, and this is a significant saving on electricity.
In order to understand how to insulate the outside, what should be the density of the insulation for the facade, whether insulation and facade plaster can get along, let's look at what types of external insulation and finishes exist.
What types of facades exist and how they are insulated
There are many types of facades, and all are insulated in different ways. See below:
Insulation of a wooden facade
The facade of a wooden house is usually insulated with mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam. In order for the walls of such a house to keep heat perfectly, additional radiators should not be installed. You just need to make the insulation of the wooden facade.
To install insulation on a wooden facade, you need to stock up on a special solution or glue. High-quality plastic dowels will increase the fastening strength.
Insulation of the facade of a wooden house using plastic dowels allows you to completely remove the cold bridges that would be in the case of using metal hangers or self-tapping screws, coupled with a wooden crate.
Insulation of the facade of a brick house
What should be the insulating material on which the plaster will be applied?
For warming uneven surfaces, lamella plates are best suited. For cellular concrete surfaces, builders often use two-layer mineral wool, which has a hard surface on only one side.
Thanks to this, it is possible to apply a layer of plaster on it, having previously installed a reinforcing mesh on the insulation, which is fixed with a plastic fastener.
Before starting work, you need to buy high-quality plaster for insulation. It is superimposed in the same way as usual, so it will not take much time.
The most common ways to insulate walls
There are several ways to insulate the walls of a room:
- internal and external insulation of load-bearing walls;
- insulation of the blind area and the basement of the wall;
- insulation of structural load-bearing elements and internal walls.
Today, external insulation is the most popular, due to the fact that this method has many advantages - we already wrote about this above.
The most important advantage is the high-quality protection of the structure from adverse effects.
In the second position is the internal thermal insulation - elements and walls. For this, mineral wool or ecowool is best suited. The blind area, as a rule, is insulated very rarely. But in vain.
For those who have not yet understood, let's add a little - basically the insulation technology looks like this:
- First, the crate is installed, then you need to choose the density and quality of the material.
- A gap must be left between the crate and the wall so that there is ventilation.
- Next, you need to install special rails, on which the plates of insulation material will be fixed.
- If necessary, the plates are cut to achieve the desired size. Then you need to hem the waterproofing film over the material.
- At the end of the work, siding is mounted. It should be noted that this material has a high coefficient of thermal expansion.
- Siding panels need to be fixed, leaving a small gap along the edges of the structure.
- You also need to properly tighten the screws so that their caps do not touch the insulation material.
The insulation of a ventilated facade is different in that for this you need to attach a metal frame on which insulation boards are installed.
The gap, which is structurally implemented between the wall and the cladding, will serve for efficient air circulation, which prevents the possible formation of condensate on the inner surface of the cladding. What is the main advantage here? The entire structure is dry, there is no negative effect of excess moisture on the bearing elements, there is no negative effect of moisture on the insulation.
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When the room is cold, the question arises of how to insulate the facade of a brick house. It is necessary not only to choose the best method, but also to purchase building materials correctly: foam panels, foam plastic, thermal panels, siding, use wet or ventilated facade technologies. If the house is just starting to be built, you can immediately perform brickwork with insulation so that the building is warm and comfortable. Do not rush to insulate the facade of a brick house until you read this article and figure out how and for what purposes various types of heat-insulating materials are used.
Advantages of brick wall insulation:
- a significant reduction in the cost of heating a dwelling;
- creation of conditions for a comfortable and carefree life - an acceptable temperature background and humidity;
- external sound insulation from extraneous noise;
- increased fire protection of the structure.
A popular type of insulation for a brick house from the outside is extruded polystyrene foam with low thermal conductivity, which is easy to install even on your own. However, the insulation has a significant disadvantage - after using it, the walls no longer "breathe" and do not let moisture through.
Advice. When using polystyrene foam insulation, consider options for additional ventilation in the basement or attic.
Some homeowners prefer mineral wool or fiberglass over foam, which are breathable and work well under siding and plaster, but are afraid of moisture. Let us consider in more detail how the insulation of a brick facade is made from different materials.
Insulation of masonry with polystyrene foam
Thermal insulation with foam plastic does not require professional training, therefore, if there is time and an assistant, the owner of the house will be able to do the work on his own. This is a lightweight and inexpensive insulation for outdoor use, which is attached under siding or other cladding to protect walls from freezing.
The outer surface is pre-cleaned, leveled and a primer layer is applied. The panels are attached to the walls with glue or dowels. When plastering, a reinforcing mesh is glued to the insulation and a primer layer is applied. When finishing with tiles or siding, these works can be omitted.
Warming "Penoplex"
Penoplex is a very popular material for thermal insulation, including brick wall facades
The Penoplex building material is so popular among the population due to its strength, moisture resistance and low thermal conductivity that its name has become truly a household name. The cladding scheme and the working tool are identical to the use of foam sheets:
- cleaning the wall from pollution;
- surface leveling;
- brickwork primer;
- insulation of window slopes.
After the successful completion of the preliminary work, the installation of the Penoplex elements is carried out in a checkerboard pattern. For sealing tile joints, mounting foam is used. As a facing material, as a rule, siding or a “wet facade” is used, which will be discussed later.
Facade insulation for siding
Siding is a convenient and common material for facing insulated walls.
Finishing the facade with siding is affordable and easy to install. Under siding, you can use both mineral wool and foam boards. It will protect the heat insulator from ultraviolet radiation and external influences. In addition, this building material is able to withstand mechanical loads, is resistant to winds and weather precipitation. And there is nothing to say about the variety of colors and textures - each buyer will find first-class siding in stores to his taste and wallet.
Sheets are fastened in a vertical position on a strong wooden frame in increments of 30 cm. When using fiberglass and cotton wool to protect against moisture, the insulating layer is covered with a vapor barrier film. When using foam panels, the masonry does not need additional moisture protection - this insulation does not absorb moisture.
Advice. To improve ventilation, experts recommend stuffing bars 2-3 cm thick on the insulation to form an air gap between the panels and the insulation.
Insulation with thermal panels
Thermal panels are an effective cladding material that does not require additional finishing.
Thermal panels can be an ideal building material for those who want to save their strength by combining the installation of thermal insulation and cladding fasteners. This is an environmentally friendly and environmentally friendly type of finish, which, according to manufacturers, can last 50 years in the sun and in the cold.
Insulation of the facade of a brick house with thermal panels is performed in 2 ways:
- with a flat outer surface, the panels are mounted on the facade without preliminary preparation of the walls;
- in case of unevenness of the upper layer, the thermal panels treated with sealant are assembled according to the mosaic scheme.
Fixing the panels with dowel-nails starts from the bottom corner of the building. After completing the work, the surface is cleaned, treated with a primer and, if necessary, a layer of paint is applied.
Technology "Wet facade"
The next popular technology for insulating a brick house from the outside is called a “wet facade” due to wet treatment of walls during thermal insulation.
Wet facade system and its design
Builders apply:
- thermal insulation layer. Insulation (cotton wool, polystyrene, etc.) is attached to the adhesive mixture and fixed with dowels;
- reinforcement layer. The mesh protects against weather phenomena, increases strength, increases the bearing capacity of the wall for decorating;
- finishing layer. On top of the reinforcing mesh, decorative facade plaster of any texture and color is applied.
Important! The use of "wet facade" technology requires strict adherence to the rules of installation and professional control.
Ventilated facade device
A ventilated facade helps to remove excess moisture from the walls of a brick house, which prolongs the life of the structure, and also reduces monthly utility costs.
To ensure the ventilation of the facade, an even 3-centimeter gap is required between the frame and the cladding. In this case, the cladding can be any - from siding to porcelain stoneware. For a brick base, a metal base under the panels will be the best solution, and for other buildings, a wooden one. An individual project provides for multi-layer ventilated structures made of external cladding, 2 layers of lathing and an insulating layer.
Insulation of brickwork from the inside
If the construction of the house is in full swing, you can insulate the walls inside the brickwork in one of the following ways:
- using lightweight well masonry. The insulation is attached between two independent walls connected by horizontal brick bridges;
- according to three-layer technology, when the wall is lined with heat-insulating tiles, on top of which facing bricks are laid.
Important! The three-layer masonry method has been banned in Russia since 2008 due to the increased risk of wall collapse.
Conversely, the well type of masonry is used everywhere, as it increases the inertial characteristics of a brick wall, and also significantly reduces the cost of building a house.
Video: Analysis of inexpensive solutions for thermal insulation and finishing of facades of brick walls
What is the result?
If the walls are constantly cold, and the monthly heating costs hit the family budget painfully, think about insulating the facade of the building - a private house, summer house, garage, utility room. Modern building technologies and a range of thermal insulation materials make it possible to protect any building from freezing at minimal cost. And now you know what technology to choose and the type of material to use.
Now for many people the issue of facade insulation has become relevant. This applies not only to new buildings, but also to houses that were built much earlier. The walls outside must effectively protect the building from the cold. High-quality facade material will insulate the building and save money during the heating season. A wide range of heaters allows you to choose the material for any building.
Ways and methods of insulation
There are two types of room insulation - external and internal. In addition, insulation is carried out inside the walls. The facade method is considered the most effective. He is preferred by professional builders. After carrying out such work, the living space does not become smaller. Compared to internal insulation, it has other advantages:
- protection of walls from adverse factors;
- the building can "breathe";
- removes the problem of condensation and freezing;
- provides additional sound insulation.
Insulation outside takes on low temperatures in the cold season, so they do not reach the walls of the building. After carrying out insulation work, the service life of the facade increases. The building looks more beautiful.
There are several types of external facade insulation. For example, wet plaster systems are often used. They are the most common among other ways. This is due to the use of environmentally friendly and safe materials. For the cost, this type is inexpensive. The coating consists of a multi-layer structure. To carry out these works, you must have good experience.
Heavy plaster systems are also used for insulation. In this case, the moving parts of the fastening of the insulating layer and the plaster are used. In such works, the density of the material used is of great importance. Walls do not need to be leveled with this method of insulation.
The types of external insulation include a ventilated hinged facade. This device has a ventilation gap between the insulation layer and the cladding. Insulation with siding is widespread. Panels of material are placed between the bars of the crate, attaching them to the walls of the building.
Material selection and characteristics
To answer the question of how to produce insulation, no one can say for sure. The performance of such work will depend on many factors. A prerequisite for carrying out work on insulation is compliance with the technology. It is also very important to choose the right insulation for the facade. They are divided into two groups:
- organic;
- inorganic.
The organic group is considered the largest, since it includes products of the chemical industry. Experts advise when choosing materials to pay attention to their physical properties. Facade heaters must have a number of important parameters:
- moisture resistance;
- thermal protection;
- security;
- density;
- long service life.
Suggested materials in construction stores good in their own way. They have their own differences, therefore, for high-quality insulation, it is necessary to know not only their properties, but also their purpose.
Organic group of heaters
Styrofoam is one of the organic materials. It is characterized by two main properties - lightness and rigidity. The heater is easy and quick to install. However, it has its drawbacks:
- low vapor permeability;
- fragile;
- combustible;
- short-lived.
For warming residential premises, this is not an ideal option. It is good to use it for wet-type facade systems, as it goes well with different types of plaster.
Extruded polystyrene foam or penoplex is very similar to polystyrene, only it has better properties. This material is denser and stronger, it better protects from the cold. Penoplex is less susceptible to mechanical damage and decay. It is more resistant to cold and moisture. Manufacturers began to introduce various additives to increase the flammability class. It is not yet possible to produce a completely non-combustible insulation.
For the insulation of wooden buildings, it is not recommended to use penoplex because of its combustibility. After insulation with foam plastic, the house will not be able to breathe. Such materials will stop the movement of air inside the building, which will negatively affect the room. Inside it will resemble a "greenhouse".
Penoizol is characterized by low cost and fast installation, but it needs to be isolated from external influences. The material does not burn and does not allow the penetration of moisture. Walls after its facing "breathe". Under the influence of the flame, the fumes emitted are not toxic, and penoizol also has good thermal insulation performance. It is considered an excellent option for work with uneven surfaces and wooden bases.
Ecowool is made from cellulose fibers. It does not rot and is unattractive to rodents. Manufacturers add boric acid, borax and minerals to the composition of the material, which repels rodents. The insulation perfectly passes air and has high thermal insulation properties. It's the right choice for insulation. houses made of wood and frame buildings. It is applied to the log surface using the wet method. Ecowool perfectly adheres to a wooden surface. For frame buildings, a dry method of insulation is used. The material fills the space between the two skins: inner and outer.
For small buildings, soft fiberboards are suitable for insulation purposes. They do not contain glue and other synthetic components, therefore, a hypoallergenic and environmentally friendly insulation is obtained. It has good sound insulation and a high degree of thermal insulation. The last characteristic is achieved due to the porosity of the plates. And also it is necessary to note other advantages of the material:
Inorganic species
Mineral wool is considered an inexpensive and effective material for facade insulation. It has excellent thermal insulation qualities and is safe for health. The insulation is easy to process, and the technology for its installation is simple and straightforward. There are three types of mineral wool:
- stone or basalt;
- glass;
- slag.
Wall insulation is recommended to be carried out with rigid plates. This will allow the material not to settle over time. Builders prefer basalt wool. To perform facade work, it is recommended to use vapor and waterproofing. They will serve as protection against moisture on the insulation. And it is also necessary to make a ventilation gap 3-5 cm wide so that condensate does not collect.
Mineral wool is resistant to mechanical damage and has a low risk of flammability. Among the disadvantages of the material are the high cost and considerable weight. To fix on the walls, you need to use a lot of dowels. Such a heater is perfect for various types of walls and cladding.
Today it is possible to use various materials for facade insulation. All of them differ in the complexity of installation, properties and price. To get the maximum effect, it is also necessary to insulate windows, roof and communications. Experienced specialists will help you to suggest the necessary facade insulation system.
Mankind has been trying for several decades to find ways to reduce energy consumption, the lion's share of which is the heating of buildings. By minimizing heat loss as much as possible, you can count on a significant economic effect. New progressive technologies that have proven themselves in all climatic conditions were found more than 30 years ago. The technique is being improved from year to year, manufacturers produce various building materials for facade insulation. In some countries, energy saving programs have been launched, which are based on the idea of wet insulation of facades.
How to insulate the facade
Facade insulation is a popular way of exterior decoration of buildings and energy saving at the same time. Such a procedure solves several problems at once: it protects the walls from adverse weather factors, keeps the heat in the house and decorates the facades. Today, many companies offer their services for external wall insulation. However, the price of facade insulation does not correspond to the quality of the materials used. For this reason, developers choose the option of hand-made wall insulation with foam or other insulation.
Material selection
By insulating the walls of the house, you can rationally and creatively approach the choice of materials. It makes no sense to insulate all walls with material of the same thickness. Combine heater. Since more heat enters the south wall, insulation of various thicknesses can be used. Be sure to restrict access to all kinds of rodents by insulating the base of the facades with extruded polystyrene foam. For corners, take a thickened layer of insulation.
Mineral wool
Various materials can be used to insulate facades. Mineral wool is an inorganic fibrous material that is made from silicate melts of rock, mixtures of sedimentary rocks and metallurgical slags. To insulate facades with mineral wool, basalt (stone) and glass materials are taken. Mineral wool boards are used for facade insulation using the “wet” method or the “hinged ventilated facade” method.
Mineral wool can withstand temperatures over 1000 degrees Celsius and does not melt at the same time, it has high thermal insulation properties and significant resistance to mechanical stress. Mineral wool does not absorb moisture, has high biological and chemical resistance, as well as good sound-absorbing properties, reducing noise by 20%. The service life of mineral wool reaches 30-40 years.
Styrofoam
Styrofoam is one of the most popular materials for wall insulation. This substance began to be made in the 30s of the last century, and at the moment the foam has not lost its leading position. The excellent thermal insulation properties of the foam plastic are ensured by a certain production technology, when polystyrene is foamed with the help of special equipment, and as a result, small air-filled bubbles are formed.
Styrofoam consists of almost 98% air, which provides the material with lightness and moisture resistance. Another advantage is the low manufacturing cost and the price of facade insulation with foam plastic. Facades finished with foam can reduce heat loss by approximately 70%. Modern polystyrene does not support combustion and actively resists this process. But if there are problems with rodents on your site, then it is better to abandon this idea.
Wall preparation
The functionality and durability of the insulation produced depends on the correct preparation of the base. Initially, all protruding structures and elements, such as ventilation grills, storm gutters, outdoor units of climate control equipment, window sills, and lighting devices, must be removed from the walls. Communications passing along the facades that fall into the plane of the insulated wall should also be removed. In old houses, very often brickwork has many decorative elements that are located near the cornices and windows.
We check the plastered walls by tapping for the strength of the exterior finish. Using plumb lines, long rules and cords, you should find the general deviations of the wall from the vertical or detect local irregularities. Mark problem areas with chalk so as not to lose sight of them. If large level differences are observed on the plane and there are weakly holding areas, then work on the insulation of facades on such a base should be carried out after dismantling the protruding and breathing plaster layers.
Particular attention should be paid to areas where oil paint remains, which has a low level of adhesion and poor vapor permeability. Be sure to remove fungus, mold, grease, efflorescence and rust from the walls. Large potholes and cracks are primed with deep penetrating compounds using maklavits and sealed after complete drying with putties for outdoor use. Cracks that have a width of up to 2 millimeters do not need to be sealed. Large local depressions are usually leveled by gluing pieces of insulation.
When the walls are leveled, communications are laid, external brackets are lengthened, all wet work is completed inside the building, roofing and waterproofing are arranged, then the surface can be primed and the facade can be insulated with polystyrene foam.
Fixing the plinth profile
According to the project, it is worth determining the lower point of the surface to be insulated, then using the hydraulic level, transfer this mark to all external and internal corners of the building, and then connect them with a coated cord to get the starting line. According to the markup, you need to install a base profile to hold the first row of insulation boards, because they have a very serious movement on the raw glue.
The starting bar is selected according to the size that corresponds to the width of the insulation, and fixed with dowels with a diameter of 6 millimeters at intervals of 300 - 350 millimeters, it is recommended to put washers on the driven nail. The starting bar is joined at the corners by means of oblique cuts or by using a corner connector. Connecting and end elements made of plastic are placed between the sections of the profiles, which compensate for thermal expansion.
Installation of external window sills
The installation of external window sills is best done before the installation of insulation on the facade. The tides are attached directly to the window itself. The removal of the window sill is done taking into account the external insulation of the facade (insulation thickness + 1 centimeter) in such a way that the window sill protrudes 3-4 centimeters beyond the finished wall. Sometimes the window is placed on the start profile. In this case, a cavity is obtained under the windowsill in which moisture condenses. The cavity should be filled with pieces of insulation mixed with an adhesive mixture; it can be covered with plaster.
Next, you need to insulate the external slopes of plastic windows. After installing windows, as a rule, 20-30 millimeters remain for insulation. Take the foam should be thinner than the material for the facade. And do not forget that there are still other layers besides insulation, which take away 1 centimeter. When insulating slopes, the foam should protrude 1 centimeter beyond the slope. That is, the material does not need to be cut, focusing on the wall.
Glue
Prepared adhesives for sticking insulation should be used within a couple of hours, so they are kneaded at the construction site in the required amount. The required amount of water is poured into a volumetric plastic bucket and the dry mixture is poured. The components are mixed with a low-speed drill until a homogeneous mass without lumps is obtained. The solution matures for about five minutes, after which it is mixed again for a minute.
If the adhesive mixture thickens a little during operation, then it just needs to be mixed. To liquefy the thickened adhesive mass, it is forbidden to add water to it. Depending on which differences on the plane you need to compensate for, you can choose one of these options for applying glue to the insulation.
If the irregularities reach 15 millimeters, then a strip of glue 20 millimeters high is applied along the perimeter of the slab, and then several beacons are evenly applied in the middle of the slab. For defects up to 10 millimeters, adhesive strips are applied along the perimeter of the slab and in the middle. The width of the strips is 30-40 millimeters, the adhesive should cover 50-60% of the total sheet area.
insulation sticker
When the insulation is glued to the slopes, and the window sills are installed, you can start gluing the material to the walls. The facade insulation technology involves such fastening of the insulation when it is first glued and then nailed. We start gluing the foam from the bottom, where we set the starting bar. For gluing, you will need 2 spatulas: small (80mm) and large (200mm). We use a small tool to apply the adhesive mass to a large spatula.
It is customary to apply the mixture not on the sheet, but on the wall. As a rule, the wall is not completely flat. Therefore, you can put more mixture there if you need to remove the unevenness. Thus, the mixture is not spread evenly. We smear only on a perfectly flat surface. Sheets should be fastened in such a way that T-shaped joints are obtained.
Sheets should be applied to a place with a slight offset, close to 20-30 millimeters, then they are pressed with a long trowel or a rule into the surface of neighboring plates. Excess adhesive must be removed from the inside of the boards and from the surface of the base. The verticality of the installation of sheets is checked by a level, the direction of the plane is controlled by control threads.
All sheets should be pressed tightly together at a distance that should not exceed 2 millimeters, so you should make sure that the mixture does not get into the seams. If as a result the gaps turned out, then they can be filled with strips of insulation, or blown out with polyurethane foam. At the joints of products, the allowable difference in thickness is not more than 3 millimeters.
It is important that vertical joints with side slopes do not fall into the same line near doors and windows. The connection must be made above the opening or below, the displacement must reach at least 200 millimeters. If different materials are connected on the basis, then the plates in this place should not be joined, it is necessary to provide an offset of at least 100 millimeters.
On the outer and inner corners of the facades, it is necessary to carry out a gear connection of the insulation. Slabs of appropriate rows must be wedged into the surface of adjacent walls so that a long vertical joint is not formed, which is subject to cracking. On slopes and corners, the slabs are mounted with sufficient outlet for dressing. After the glue has set and the corner has been formed, the insulation can be cut.
It is worth waiting three days between gluing the insulation and nailing, so that the glue grabs properly, and all the material “sits down”. With self-insulation of the facade with foam, you can do it differently and glue the house in sections. Half of the work will have to be done from the ground, and the other half from any scaffolding. Therefore, it is more expedient to carry out the procedure in parts so as not to rearrange and carry the scaffold several times.
If you insulate the whole house at once, then the foam will stay in the sun for two weeks. And that won't do him any good. In addition, in case of rain, the insulation will pick up excess moisture. Plots in height should be at the height of the stacker and as wide as the platform.
Nailing insulation
It is recommended to nail the insulation three days after the completion of the gluing. If you start drilling material with an uncured adhesive mixture, it may move away from the wall. When nailing “fresh”, there is a possibility of falling into a recess under the sheet, which provokes the raising of the edges of the sheet.
Glued insulation should be attached to the wall with fungi. This dowel is a plastic circle - a hat that has a plastic sleeve - a leg, and a nail driven into this sleeve. Nails are plastic and metal. No matter how strange it may sound, it is better to choose plastic products, because metal ones create an additional cold bridge, and also cost more, which leads to an increase in the cost of facade insulation.
As a rule, fastening is carried out in the center and at the corners of the slab, 6-8 dowels per 1 square meter. At the corners of the building, near the door and window slopes, in the basement area, it is necessary to equip additional fasteners, which are located 200 mm from the edge of the plates. The step and number of additional arrangement of nails is determined by the dimensions of the house, the size of the plates, the bearing characteristics of the fasteners and wind loads.
Holes of the required depth and diameter are drilled with a perforator, dust is removed. The length of the fungus is determined in this way: the thickness of the insulation plate + 1 centimeter (thickness of other layers) + 4 centimeters into the wall. Holes are recommended to be made in depth by 10-15 millimeters more than the length of the rod. If you drill holes in depth equal to the length of the fungus, then the debris that crumbles during operation will not allow the dowel to be hammered into it normally.
Next, you need to insert the dowel into the hole and hammer the expansion nail with a rubber mallet. You can just hit it with your fist. The dished head of the nail should be at the level of the surface of the insulation, or protrude no more than 1 millimeter. If the mushroom does not reach the norm and sticks out, then maybe the drill has worn off, or the hole has been made too short. In the latter case, you need to pull out the mushroom, drill and insert it again.
Reinforced layer device
The reinforced layer implies the creation of an auxiliary, reinforcing mesh layer. The corners near the door and window openings must be glued with reinforcing mesh patches. The size of such patches should be 200 by 300 mm or more. Such an operation helps to prevent the appearance of cracks near the inner corners of the opening.
All external corners of the building, including protruding decorations and slopes, should be reinforced with plastic or aluminum perforated corners, which are available with mesh strips. First, the adhesive composition is applied, then the pre-cut perforated corner should be pressed tightly against the insulation with a spatula and set horizontally or vertically with a level.
The protruding adhesive must be smoothed on the plane of the wall. If necessary, the perforated corner can be temporarily fixed, leveled, stretched by inserting nails into the insulation plate through the perforation holes. After complete drying of the preparatory layer and fixing the reinforcing elements, we install the main mesh.
To strengthen the foam, a mesh is used, which is specially designed for facade work. It is made of alkali-resistant fiberglass, which is able to withstand the design loads. To protect the installation of the reinforcing mesh, a special mixture is used, which is slightly different from the one with which the facade is insulated with wool.
Before starting work, the glued boards are sanded with hand floats using coarse sandpaper to eliminate possible differences at the joints of the sheets. The surface before applying the solution must be cleaned of grinding products, dust and various contaminants. The grid is cut into strips that are equal to the height of the walls. Glue is applied to the walls in vertical stripes equal to the width of the canvas.
The solution is applied in a uniform layer, the thickness of which is close to 2 mm. For this, it is most convenient to use a metal grater. The prepared canvas should be unwound over the entire length of the surface, attached to the solution and sunk into it with a smooth metal spatula. The mesh must be carefully smoothed from the middle to the edges. Align the protruding adhesive on the surface.
On the glued reinforcing layer in the wet-on-wet method, another layer of mortar must be applied. The second layer is aligned more carefully; the finished mesh should not be visible from it. The next day, the reinforcing cake can be sanded with sandpaper, and small shells can also be puttied. After about 3 days, the walls will dry completely, they should be treated with a primer with quartz sand, which simplifies the application of decorative plaster.
And finally. The technology of facade insulation with foam plastic implies the performance of work at an outdoor air temperature of plus 5 to 25 degrees and a relative humidity of close to 80%. At each stage, work surfaces should be protected from exposure to sunlight, strong winds and rain. Strictly follow the recommendations described above, and you will succeed!
For each facade, insulation is a mandatory procedure that allows you to keep warm in the house and provide it with an aesthetic appearance. And in order to solve this problem, there is no need to resort to the services of specialists - everything can be done independently. The main thing is not to make a mistake with the materials, to know what operations need to be performed and in what sequence.
To date, there are various methods for carrying out work on the insulation of facades of houses. And the most popular options will be discussed below.
Thermal insulation materials
When carrying out external and internal insulation, most often the choice is stopped on materials such as mineral wool, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam and liquid heaters.
mineral wool
The main advantages of mineral wool are low price, availability, as well as the absence of problems in use. It should also be mentioned about the excellent properties of heat and sound insulation. A serious threat to this insulation is moisture, contact with which deprives the material of its properties. For this reason, mineral wool should be used in combination with high-quality waterproofing.
Styrofoam
Quite often, polystyrene foam is used during facade insulation. He managed to win high popularity due to ease of processing, resistance to decay, and lightness. This insulator can be used for bonding with other building materials.
polyurethane foam
According to its technology, this material is a sprayable insulator, when using which a thin dense layer appears on the surface, not containing a single seam. Among the advantages inherent in this insulation, one should highlight the ability to retain heat, resistance to combustion, and moisture resistance. At the same time, it is not without its drawbacks, which include the high price and difficulties with laying, which can only be done with special equipment.
liquid insulation
High quality when insulating the facade is also able to provide liquid insulation (“thermal paint”). Its peculiarity lies in the presence of radiation, in the form of which heat is distributed. In terms of efficiency, it is superior to other materials. When working with paint, there are no difficulties, the process of applying it takes a minimum of time and does not require much effort.
Isolation methods
When executing the facade, you can choose one of the existing methods:
- internal;
- external;
- by creating a structure in the thickness of the wall.
And most often resort to external insulation. The reason for this is that this method is very efficient. The fact is that it does not allow external factors to harm the structures of the building. Therefore, they are not afraid of cold, and the formation of condensate in the inner layers is also excluded. In addition, this material has excellent sound insulation properties and a long service life.
All currently known facade insulation systems can be classified into three types:
- light plaster;
- heavy;
- based on well masonry with a three-layer system.
Light plaster systems
The base is an insulating plate, for fixing which dowels, glue are used on the wall, after which they are covered with a layer of plaster. The entire structure must have a thickness of no more than 16 mm. To obtain a high-quality result, the plaster should be distributed evenly.
heavy systems
Anchors are used as fasteners, on which the reinforcing mesh is fixed. As a result, the total thickness can reach 52 mm. The use of a steel mesh, which acts as a carrier, does not allow thermal effects on the layers.
well masonry
A feature of such a system is that the thickness of the enclosing structures acts as the location of the insulator. The essence of the method consists in laying a heater on the load-bearing wall, when calculating the thickness of which, the need to provide protection from the cold is taken into account.
Styrofoam has become widespread in the insulation of facades not only due to affordability, but also because of the efficiency and ease of use, in which no one can compare with it. The use of this material allows you to protect the building from the negative effects of atmospheric humidity, temperature fluctuations. Walls insulated by this method are characterized by temperature inertia, in other words, heat does not leave the house even when the heaters are inactive.
Comprehensive wall preparation
The insulation of the facade of the house should begin with the preparation of the surface. In the case of laying new insulation, it will be necessary to clean the facade of the old plaster. You also need to get rid of any dirt and various defects. Then the surface is covered with a layer of primer or plaster.
Fixing profile installation
- vertical;
- horizontal;
- combined.
Although the costs for the first method are minimal, however, half-timbered houses have to experience a large load due to torsion and bending. Therefore, only relatively light material can be used for finishing.
With the vertical method, the weight of the facing material is less important, however, when laying it, it is necessary to use brackets of increased strength.
The third method is the most preferable due to the lack of difficulties in its implementation. To do this, horizontal guides are installed to the main wall, and bearing vertical ones are already attached to them.
Coating foam with adhesive
If the wall surface is not uneven, the adhesive should be applied to the foam evenly using a notched trowel. In the presence of defects it is necessary to use pendulums. During operation, the wall is covered with adhesive, taking it in small quantities and placing it close enough to each other.
Installation of insulation sheets
When installing the insulator plates, it is important to ensure that they are in a horizontal position. The starting point is chosen from below, step by step moving up. Particular attention should be paid to ensuring that the material lies evenly, and to clean the plates from the remnants of the adhesive mixture. It is important to ensure that the foam fits snugly to avoid large gaps.
doweling
The process of fastening with dowels consists of two stages:
Installation of reinforcing elements
Mechanical influences and environmental factors can have a negative impact on the properties of the foam. It is protection from them that the reinforcing layer will provide. First, the corners are aligned, after which glue is applied to the insulator with a layer of 0.2 cm. The operation is completed by immersing the reinforcing mesh in the glue, which can be made of aluminum or fiberglass, and leveling the surface.
Decorative plastering
In order to comply with the technology of facade insulation with foam plastic, at the last stage it is covered with decorative plaster. For high-quality performance of this operation, it is necessary to maintain the optimal thickness of the finishing layer.
The first step is to prepare the walls. If the facade of the house is made of wood, then on it apply an antiseptic. For brick and concrete surfaces, the removal of old paint and plaster is mandatory. Mineral wool can only be laid on dry walls.
When the wall surface is ready, a vapor barrier membrane is laid on it. The operation is overlapped so that the vapor-permeable part is facing the wall of the house. Tape is used to seal the seams.
At the next stage, they begin to install the frame, the internal space of which will be filled with insulation. Most often, wooden slats or a metal profile are used for the frame. To install the crate to the wall, use self-tapping screws or dowel-nails. The strips should be placed in increments that should be a few centimeters less than the width of the insulator used.
Further frame space fill with heat insulator. When using roll materials, they must be laid on top. If you have to work with plates, then the installation is carried out from below. To fix the insulation, you can use dowels or simply fix it all the way between the planks.
When the insulation takes its place, a waterproofing layer is laid on it. To do this, use a vapor-permeable film. Then moisture will not accumulate inside. Installation of waterproofing to the rails is carried out using a stapler. This must be done carefully, not allowing it to be overstretched.
Having finished laying the waterproofing, it is necessary to strengthen the created structure using dowels with wide caps for this purpose. Damaged areas should be sealed with tape.
At the last stage of work, it is necessary to create a ventilated facade. It is necessary to take the crate and fix the slats to it, after which they proceed to install the finishing material on them.
Thermal insulation with polyurethane foam
The use of polyurethane foam also allows you to perform high-quality insulation of the facade of the house. Moreover, this design begins to give off less heat and at the same time will protected from moisture. This material is versatile in terms of its application. With it, you can carefully close up any cracks, resulting in a durable monolithic layer that perfectly retains heat and protects against external noise.
Thermal panels
If it is necessary to insulate the facade of a country house, then it is most reasonable to use thermal panels that simplify this process and reduce implementation costs. The place of their installation can be a special crate or a building wall. Due to their low weight, it does not take much effort to attach such panels. In addition, the joints between them are difficult to immediately notice. Such a solution provides reliable protection of the building from moisture, wind and cold.
Wet insulation method
It is also possible to carry out the insulation of the facade of a private house using the wet method, the essence of which boils down to the use of special plaster. The latter not only reduces heat loss, but also gives the building more aesthetic appearance.
However, this method has a minus: such insulation can only be carried out at a certain temperature. Frost or heat is not the right time for such work.
Summing up
If the facade is insulated in accordance with the technology, this leads to a significant reduction in heating costs (45-55%), makes the building more attractive, provides a longer period of operation, and helps maintain a cozy and comfortable atmosphere in the house. This procedure does not lose its relevance for apartment buildings, where it is possible to observe an improvement in sound insulation properties.