What happened on September 23 in history. Church holiday according to the folk calendar - Peter and Pavel Ryabinniki

On September 23, the world celebrates the Day of Combating the Non-Completion of High School Children, in Argentina they celebrate Political Day, in Japan - Shubun-no-hi - the autumn equinox holiday, and in Brazil - National Ice Cream Day ..

September 23 in history

In 1784 King Louis XVI of France signed a decree according to which handkerchiefs began to be produced exclusively in a square shape, since oval ones were not profitable.

In 1846 The planet Neptune was discovered. This was done by the German astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle from the Berlin Observatory.

In 1848 The world's first chewing gum was created in the United States.

In 1862 Leo Tolstoy and Sofya Bers became husband and wife. In this family, 13 children were born in 17 years of marriage.

In 1873 the world's first electric lights replaced kerosene lamps on the streets of St. Petersburg.

In 1932 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established.

In 1939 in New York, a time capsule was laid, which will be opened in 6939. The time capsule contains a woman's hat, a man's smoking pipe, and 1,100 microfilms.

In 1999 A 9,000-year-old flute was discovered in China.

In 2008 Presentation of the new operating system Android.

September 23 were born:

The ancient Greek playwright Euripides, the first Roman emperor Gaius Julius Caesar, the founder of Bosch, Robert Bosch, the actor Ivan Krasko, the musician Ray Charles, the playwright Edward Radzinsky, the singer Julio Iglesias, the illusionist Yuri Longo.

September 23 in Orthodoxy:

The Orthodox Church on this day honors the memory of the martyrs Minodora, Mitrodora and Nymphodora, the holy martyrs Ismail Kudryavtsev, Evgeny Popov, John Popov, Konstantin Kolpetsky, the martyr Simeon Turkin, the martyr Tatiana Grimblit, the saints Peter and Paul, the bishops of Nicaea.

Celebrate - the Cathedral of the Lipetsk Saints and the Cathedral of the Altai Saints.

Since ancient times, the people have also established their traditions, rituals and signs. On this day they collected mountain ash and watched the weather.

1122 - Holy Roman Emperor Henry V restored the pope's right to appoint bishops and guaranteed the church the return of previously seized church lands.
1561 - Spanish King Philip II ordered an end to the colonization of Florida.
1595 - The Spanish government decided not to exterminate the Indian population of America, but to baptize it, dividing the colonies into mission territories.
1654 - the Polish-Lithuanian garrison of the besieged Smolensk surrendered the city to the Russians
1839 - The Cathedral of Christ the Savior was laid in Moscow.
1846 - German astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle of the Berlin Observatory, guided by the instructions of Urbain Le Verrier, discovered Neptune.
1848 - American John Curtis produced the first chewing gum at home.
1862 - Count Leo Tolstoy married Sofya Andreevna Bers. For 17 years they had 13 children.
1894 - The first French trade union, the General Confederation of Labour, is created.
1922 - Stalin presented a project of "autonomization" of the Soviet republics, which meant the absorption of their RSFSR (the plan was rejected by Lenin).
1923 - The September Uprising began in Bulgaria.
1924 - a severe flood occurred in Leningrad, the water in the Neva rose to a mark of 380 cm above the ordinary.
1932 - A decree "On the unification of parts of the Arab kingdom" was issued, according to which the state became known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
1936 - An explosion occurred at the Tsentralnaya mine in Kemerovo, which was the reason for the start of a trial of Siberian "saboteurs".
1937 - Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions were formed.
1939 - During the World's Fair in New York, a time capsule was planted to be opened in 6939. The capsule contained a woman's hat, a man's smoking pipe, and 1,100 microfilms.
- The Museum of Fine Arts, now the Donetsk Regional Art Museum, was founded in Donetsk.
1943 - Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Genocide in Lithuania - the day when the fascist invaders began the liquidation of the Jewish ghetto in Vilnius.
1944 - Beginning of forced eviction of ethnic Ukrainians from Poland to Ukraine
1980 - The world's largest submarine "Shark" ("Typhoon") was launched in Severodvinsk.
1981 - Public posters in English are banned in Quebec.
1986 - American astrophysicist Charles Haider began his hunger strike at the White House.
1988 - The house-museum of the great Russian singer Fyodor Chaliapin was opened in Moscow.
1989 - Azerbaijani language is declared the state language of Azerbaijan.
1991 - By decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the Leningrad Financial and Economic Institute was transformed into the St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance.
- The Parliament of Tajikistan canceled the decision to ban the Communist Party, removed President Aslonov, replacing him with the former head of the Communist Party, Nabiev.
1997 - Yandex.Ru search engine was announced.
1999 - The discovery in China of the oldest musical instrument ever found, a 9,000-year-old flute, is announced.
2002 - The US stock index NASDAQ at the very beginning of trading fell by 2.5 percent - to a six-year low. Shares are falling on the back of negative news from major companies, including Dell and Microsoft.
- Euthanasia law came into force in Belgium. The first meeting of the euthanasia control committee is scheduled for September 24. New forms will be approved, which must be filled out by doctors to register "mercy killings."
- President of Russia Vladimir Putin awarded Iosif Kobzon with the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, second degree, for his outstanding contribution to the development of culture and musical art.
2007 - San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom signed a declaration declaring February 23, 2007 as "COLT Studio Day"
2008 - A "Declaration of Cooperation between the NATO and UN Secretariats" is signed. The declaration was signed by Jaap de Hoop Scheffer and Ban Ki-moon.
- Massacre in Kauhajoki.
- Presentation of the first version of the Android operating system.
2009 - explosion of a pyrotechnics warehouse in Voronezh.
2011 - Scientists from the Research Center of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) discovered subatomic particles that can move faster than the speed of light.

BORN ON THIS DAY:

1834

Alexey Sergeevich SUVORIN

(1834 - 24.08.1912)

Publisher, journalist.

The publisher of the Novoye Vremya newspaper was a monopoly publisher for 12 years works of A. P. CHEKHOV. After his death, he even received an article by V. I. LENIN, who gave him the following description: “A poor man, a liberal and even a democrat at the beginning of his life, is a millionaire, a self-satisfied and shameless praiser of the bourgeoisie, who grovels before any turn in the policy of those in power at the end of this path ".

1852

Vukol Mikhailovich LAVROV
(1852 - 23.01.1912)
Journalist, translator, publisher. Having inherited a fortune of a million, he took up literary and publishing activities, organizing the Russian Thought magazine, which had a reputation in the police department as "an extremely harmful press organ." Leo TOLSTOY, GARSHIN, GRIGOROVICH, KOROLENKO, MAMIN-SIBIRYAK, USPENSKY, LESKOV, CHEKHOV, CHERNYSHEVSKY collaborated with the magazine. Lavrov himself was one of the best translators from the Polish language, in his translations the first complete collection of works by G. SIENKEVICH was published.

1862

Vasily Aleksandrovich KANIN

(1862, Baku - 06/17/1927, Marseille)

Military leader, admiral, member of the State Council. He was the head of the mine defense of the Baltic Fleet, after the death of Admiral N. O. ESSEN, the commander of the Baltic Fleet. During the civil war, one of the commanders of the Black Sea Fleet of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia.

Grigory Evseevich ZINOVEV (RADOMYSLSKIY)

(1883 - 25.08.1936)

"Enemy of the people". Before receiving this stigma for many years, he was the closest associate of V. I. LENIN, he returned with him to revolutionary Russia, lived with Ilyich (it is possible that the exception to the rule that existed in Soviet times, according to which everyone was on a par with any Ilyich, except for the leader, has long been canceled) in Razliv. For many years he led Petrograd / Leningrad, was the chairman of the Executive Committee of the Comintern, a member of the Politburo. And he constantly hesitated, opposed the decisions of the Central Committee. During the struggle for power that unfolded after Lenin's death, he supported either one or the other side, but did not guess - and turned out to be an enemy. He admitted all the charges, first at one, then at another trial, believing the promises to save his life. He was shot and rehabilitated in 1988.

1900

Dovid KNUT /David Mironovich FIKSMAN/

(1900 - 14.02.1955)

Emigrant poet, one of the founders of the Chamber of Poets in Paris, a member of the Resistance movement.

Nadezhda Nikolaevna KOSHEVEROV
(1902 - 22.2.1989),
film director. She is the director of such a well-known and beloved by the audience picture as "Tiger Tamer", but most often she worked in the genre of a fairy tale. Among her works are the films "Cinderella", "Old, Old Tale", "Shadow", "How Ivan the Fool Went for a Miracle", "Donkey Skin". She started as an assistant director with the classics of Soviet cinema Grigory KOZINTSEV and Leonid TRAUBERG.

Nikolay Semyonovich PATOLICHEV

(1908 - 1.12.1989)

State and party leader, 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus (1950-56), Minister of Foreign Trade of the USSR (1958-85).

Timur Magometovich ENEEV

(1924, Grozny)

Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1992).

1926 (85 years ago)

Sergey Safonovich GURZO

(1926 - 19.09.1974)

Film actor ("Young Guard").

1926 (85 years ago)

Valentin Egorovich KUZIN

(1926 - 13.08.1995)

Hockey player, forward of Dynamo Moscow and the USSR national team, Olympic champion in 1956, two-time world champion (1954 and 1956), Honored Master of Sports.

1926 (85 years ago)

Artem Sarkisovich SARGSYAN

Oceanologist, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1992).

1931 (80 years ago)

Igor Sergeevich SELEZNEV

Creator of Soviet/Russian cruise missiles, General Designer of Design Bureau Raduga, Hero of Socialist Labor.

1935

Margarita Nikolaevna NIKOLAEV

Gymnast, Olympic champion in 1960 in team championship and vault. In Rome, the Soviet women's gymnastics team showed a unique result, losing to its rivals only one medal out of 15 played in individual events and championship.

1936 (75 years ago)

Edward Stanislavovich RADZINSKY

Playwright, screenwriter, writer-historian (graduated from the Moscow Institute of History and Archives), TV presenter. In the same order, he won the corresponding audience and readership, became a TV academician, but as a researcher he is very subjective.

1937

Alexander Georgievich MEDAKIN

(1937 - 14.01.1993)

Football player, right back of the Moscow "Torpedo", the champion of the USSR in 1960. He was the captain of the team, played three matches for the USSR national team.

1945

Igor Sergeevich IVANOV

A career diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1998-2004) and Secretary of the Russian Security Council (2004-07).

1950

Yuri LONGO

(1950 - 17.2.2006),

A sorcerer who revived corpses in perestroika, and then turned into a white magician.

1956 (55 years ago)

Mait RIISMAN

Water polo player, champion of the Moscow Olympiad as part of the USSR national team, Honored Master of Sports.

ON THIS DAY IT WAS NOT:

Herman BOURGAVE

(31.12.1668 - 173,

Dutch chemist, botanist and physician. One of the most famous physicians of his time was the first to use a thermometer and a magnifying glass in research. Among the many celebrities who attended his lectures and demonstrations of patients was the Russian Tsar PETER I. Boerhaave also refuted the alchemists' statement about the transformation of mercury into a solid metal, continuously heating it in a closed vessel for 15 years.

1836 (175 years ago)

Andrey Kirillovich RAZUMOVSKY

(2.11.1752 - 1836)

His Serene Highness Prince, Major General, diplomat, son of the last Little Russian Hetman Kirill Grigoryevich RAZUMOVSKY. He was a childhood friend of Tsarevich PAVL PETROVICH, therefore he was of great importance at the small court. A successfully developing naval (participation in an expedition to the Archipelago, general rank) and court career was interrupted when in 1776 his love correspondence with the deceased wife of the heir Natalia Alekseevna was discovered. But soon Razumovsky was appointed envoy to Naples. Since then, his life has been spent abroad.

As a person, he aroused undoubted interest. Razumovsky was a friend of Haydn and Beethoven, he himself played the violin well, he turned his embassy palace in Vienna into a temple of the arts. At the same time, his extravagance knew no bounds: a bridge across the Danube was specially built from the palace. Razumovsky's debts made it plausible to insinuate that he received most of his income from foreign governments. If he considered worthy of himself only the company of marquises and chevaliers, then his constant passion for the fair sex more than once forced him to change his attachments. In addition to the Grand Duchess, among his hobbies was the Neapolitan queen and wife of the King of Sweden.

At the same time, he knew how to charm deceived husbands in such a way that years later they recalled with tenderness the past tense. Razumovsky earned all his titles and awards in the public service, but he would hardly have been proud of such a characteristic among his descendants: “a cosmopolitan in the fullest sense of the word, who did not know how to write dispatches in Russian, married to German women and converted to Catholicism before his death, Razumovsky was an example of quite numerous Russian diplomats who are completely alien to Russia.

1938

Nikolai Pavlovich CHAPLIN

(19.12.1902 - 193

Leader of the Komsomol in 1924-28.

Lidia Demyanovna CHERNYSHEVA

(05/23/1912, Berdyansk - 1975, Simferopol)

Ballet dancer, choreographer, People's Artist of the USSR (1967). She founded the State Vocal and Choreographic Ensemble of Ukraine "Tavria".

1981 (30 years ago)

Alexander Petrovich STAROSTIN

(22 or 30.08.1903 - 1981)

Football player, Honored Master of Sports. Among the famous Starostin brothers, he achieved the greatest success as a player. He was the champion of the country as part of Spartak, was a member of the national teams of Moscow, the RSFSR and the USSR, was the captain of these teams. Experts certainly call his name among the best defenders of the country. The writer Lev Kassil wrote about him: “He is the most cultured, the most well-read of our famous football players. There is no sporting narrowness in it, which many of us have not got rid of. ”

1984

Anatoly Grigorievich NOVIKOV

(30.10.1896 - 1984)

Composer.

1999

Tatyana Alekseevna USTINOVA

(1.01.1909 - 1999)

Choreographer of the Russian Folk Choir. M. Pyatnitsky, People's Artist of the USSR. Chief choreographer of government concerts in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses.

The second most powerful flood in St. Petersburg (then Leningrad). The water reached a level of 369 cm above the ordinary. Hundreds of trees in the Summer Garden were uprooted, about a third of all plantings perished. Passengers of both sexes of the flooded trams on Sadovaya Street undressed and, without hesitation, crossed the street naked and took refuge in their houses.

1941 (70 years ago)

1942

Our troops fought fierce battles with the enemy in the region of Stalingrad and in the area of Mozdok. There were no significant changes on other fronts.

1943

Troops of the Steppe Front, having successfully crossed the river Vorkla, after three days of stubborn fighting on September 23, they captured the regional center of Ukraine - the city of Poltava.

Troops of the Bryansk Front, continuing the rapid offensive, they captured the most important railway junction and the city of Unecha in battle.

In the Dnepropetrovsk direction, our troops occupied over 30 settlements, including large settlements Babaykovka, Preobrazhenka, Topchino, Magdalinovka, Ocheretovatoye, Kulebovka, Illarionovo, Petrovka, Vesely.

In the Kremenchug direction, our troops occupied over 140 settlements, including large settlements Bolshie Lipnyagi, Yalosovetsk, Trubaitsy, Semionovka, Stepanovka, Dzyubovshchina, Belotserkovka, Birki, Lobachy, Brateshki, Antontsy, Bugaevka, Voytovka and railway stations Umantsevka, Reshetilovka, Brateshki, Sagaydak.

In the Kiev direction, our troops occupied over 200 settlements, including the regional center of the Poltava region Glemyazovo, large settlements Rozhny, Rozhevka, Bogdanovka, Bolshaya Dymerka, Gogolev, Krasilovka, Trebukhovo, Dudarkovo, Staroe, Verguny-Pologi, Khotsky, Peschanoe and railway stations Bobrik, Dymerka , Baryshevka.

In the Gomel direction, our troops occupied over 300 settlements, including large settlements Vasilyevka, Maryinskaya, Tsynka, Lugovets, Lopazna, Velikaya Dubrova, Krasnovichi, Staraya Guta, Naytopovichi, Dareevichi, Istobki, Karpovichi, Solovyovka, Shumilovka, Petrovka, Dubrovnoye, Kulikovka, Petrushin, Polubotki , Karkhovka, Videltsy.

On the Smolensk direction, our troops captured the city of Pochinok, and also occupied over 150 settlements, including large settlements of Perfilova, Ponaskovo, Puzanovo (15 kilometers northeast of Smolensk), Laptevo, Vernibisovo, Putyatinka, Pishchalovo, Salova, Luchesa, Khmara, Mochula and railway stations Peresna, Panskaya, Ryabtsevo, Pridneprovskaya, Kardymovo, Peresvetovo.

Our troops advancing northwest of Smolensk, occupied over 40 settlements, including large settlements of Drozdy, Tarasenki, Martinovo, Popary, Osipovka, Skubyatino, Siritsy, Makunino, Chachina, Syro-Lipki.

1944

Troops of the Leningrad Front on September 23 captured the important port in the Gulf of Riga, the city of Pärnu (Pernov) and a major highway junction in the southern part of Estonia, the city and railway station of Viljandi, and also occupied more than 700 other settlements, including the cities of Türi, Vahastu, Kädva, Lelle, Käru, Kärevere , Vana-Vandra, Vyhma, Reguldi and the railway stations of Lelle, Kyaru, Ollepa, Vyhma.

Troops of the 3rd Baltic Front seized the city of Valmiera, and also occupied more than 80 other settlements, including Kärstna, Mäeküla, Suresilma, Chumpi, Rentseny, Jauniertseny and the railway stations of Pixari, Saule.

East of the city of Riga, our troops as a result of offensive battles, they occupied more than 150 settlements, including Bashi, Butleri, Lutensi, Mirti, Mushtes, Mendele, Koaknese and the railway stations of Ranka, Roplaini, Baltava, Koaknese.

On other sectors of the front in a number of points there were battles of local importance.

Speaking in New York at a session of the UN General Assembly, N. S. Khrushchev demanded the resignation of UN Secretary-General Hammarskjöld from his post and the transfer of the UN headquarters from the United States to another country.

1988

The House-Museum of the great Russian singer F. I. SHALYAPIN was opened in Moscow.

1988

1991 (20 years ago)

Armenia declared its independence.

According to the Orthodox calendar, on September 23, name day is celebrated Andrew, Apellius, Asaph (Joasaph), Athanasius, Varipsav, Basil, Gabriel (Gabriel), Gleb, Eugene, Ivan (John), Ismail, Callinicus, Casian (Cassian), Clement, Constantine, Lucius (Lucius), Meletius (Melentius ), Minodora, Mitrodora, Nikolai, Nymphodora, Pavel, Pallady, Peter, Pulcheria, Semyon (Simeon), Tatiana (Tatiana) and Uvar (Uar).

citycat.ru/historycenter

Significant events

September 23, 1848 is considered the birthday of chewing gum, because. It was then that the American John Curtis produced the first chewing gum at home. Chewing gum is a type of candy that consists of an inedible elastic base and various flavoring and aromatic additives. The very first chewing gum dates back to the 7th-2nd century. BC. It was found during excavations in Northern Europe and was a piece of prehistoric resin with imprints of human teeth. The ancient Greeks chewed the resin of the mastic tree. And the Maya Indians, about a thousand years ago, used the frozen juice of the sapodilla tree to cleanse their teeth and freshen their breath. In South America, the Indians, contemporaries of the Maya, chewed the resin of coniferous trees. This habit was adopted from them by white settlers, and they created their own version of chewing gum - from the resin of coniferous trees and beeswax. In 1848, American John Curtis came up with the idea to open the industrial production of chewing gum from pine resin. Later, Curtis began to add paraffin flavors to his products. Gradually, their production expanded, but sales were low due to the presence of impurities in the gum that were difficult to remove from the resin. Chewing gum (already based on rubber, not pine resin) received a new life in 1869, thanks to the inventor Thomas Adams. People liked the invention, which gave impetus to the start of mass production of chewing gum. In 1871, Adams invented and patented a machine to produce it automatically, and at the same time he came up with the idea of adding licorice extract to improve its taste and increase sales. In the USSR, imported chewing gum was a cult object among children and adolescents, since it had not been produced inside the country for a long time, and later the Soviet analogues that appeared were inferior to imported ones in terms of the possibility of inflating them and the colorful design of the packaging. In the early 1990s, chewing gum wrappers, and especially inserts, were collectibles and gambles among schoolchildren.

1932 - A decree "On the unification of parts of the Arab kingdom" was issued, according to which the state became known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The National Day of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the Day of the Proclamation of the Kingdom. On September 23, 1932, a decree "On the unification of parts of the Arab kingdom" was issued, according to which the state became known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom within its current borders has existed since January 1926, when after many years of bloody struggle of the principalities of the Arabian Peninsula, the Arabian lands - Najd, Hijaz and other regions of Arabia - were united into a single centralized state. The leading role in this struggle was played by the ruler of Najd, Abdulaziz al-Saud, who became the first king of Saudi Arabia in 1932. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia occupies most of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh of the Arabian Peninsula. In the north it borders with Jordan, Iraq and Kuwait, in the east - with Qatar, in the southeast - with the United Arab Emirates and Oman, in the south - with the Republic of Yemen. In the east it is washed by the Persian Gulf, in the west - by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. Almost all the inhabitants of the country are Arabs, among them are the native Saudis, whose ancestors lived in the country for several centuries, the Yemenis and Arabs who arrived in the country after the 1950s during the oil boom, the Berber nomads (their numbers are steadily decreasing). Almost all the inhabitants of Saudi Arabia are Muslims, the vast majority of whom belong to the Sunni sect. The state system is an absolute monarchy with a cabinet of ministers.

The head of state is the king, he has legislative and executive power, he is also the religious leader of the country (imam), is the head of the ruling dynasty of the Saudis and bears the ancient honorary title of "guardian of the two sacred mosques." The Royal Decree of 1992 introduced the Fundamentals of the System of Power, based on the provisions of Islamic law. Sharia is the basis of the state structure of the country. The king is the supreme commander of the country's armed forces and the prime minister. The government is formed from members of the royal family. Since August 1993, the government's mandate has been limited to four years, according to a new internal code approved by royal decree. The real structure of monarchical power in Saudi Arabia is somewhat different from how it is presented in theory. To a large extent, the power of the king is based on the Al Saud family, consisting of more than five thousand people and forming the basis of the monarchical system in the country. The king rules, relying on the advice of the leading representatives of the family, in particular, his brothers. His relations with religious leaders are built on the same basis. On August 1, 2005, after the death of King Fahd, Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was proclaimed King of Saudi Arabia.

1939 - The Time Capsule is laid at the New York World's Fair.

1943 - Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Genocide in Lithuania - the day when the fascist invaders began the liquidation of the Jewish ghetto in Vilnius. On this day in 1943, the Vilnius ghetto was liquidated. During the years of German fascist occupation on the territory of the republic, the fascists practically exterminated the Jewish community of Lithuania - 95 percent of its 240,000 members. On September 23, 1943, the fascist invaders began liquidating the Jewish ghetto in Vilnius. In the list of memorial days approved by the Seimas of Lithuania, this date is marked as the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Genocide in Lithuania. Before World War II, Jews in Lithuania constituted a significant part of the population and played an important role in the economic and cultural life of the state. Since the 17th century, Vilnius has become a well-known center of Jewish culture in Lithuania. City of Vilnius. Gediminas Square in Europe, it was even called northern Jerusalem. During the years of Nazi occupation in the country, the Jewish population was almost completely exterminated, cultural and religious values accumulated for centuries were destroyed. On the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Genocide in Vilnius, Kaunas, and other Lithuanian cities, commemorative events are held, conferences on the Holocaust, exhibitions of documentary photographs are held. Three years ago, the Lithuanian government adopted a resolution to restore part of the Old Town, where Jewish communities lived and worked together. In three stages, fragments of former cultural monuments, as well as housing, trade and craft workshops will be restored. These works at the expense of the city authorities and public funds are scheduled to be completed by 2008.

1944 - Beginning of forced eviction of ethnic Ukrainians from Poland to Ukraine. The forced resettlement of ethnic Ukrainians from Poland to Ukraine and ethnic Poles from Ukraine to Poland began with the Lublin Agreement, signed on September 9, 1944 in Lublin between the Government of the Ukrainian SSR and the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKNO). On behalf of the Government of the Ukrainian SSR, it was signed by the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR N. Khrushchev, on behalf of the PKNO, it was signed by the chairman of the Committee, E. Osubka-Moravsky. The agreement provided for the resettlement to the territory of the Ukrainian SSR of all Ukrainians who lived in Chelm, Hrubeshov, Tomashov, Lyubachiv, Yaroslavl, Peremyshl, Leskovsky, Zamostyevsky, Krasnostavsky, Bilgorai, Vlodava counties. This also applied to other areas of Poland where Ukrainians lived who would like to move from Poland to Ukraine, as well as evacuation to Poland. The city of Katowice. Poland of all Poles and Jews who lived in the Ukrainian SSR and would like to move to the territory of Poland. The Agreement noted that the evacuation was voluntary. On September 23, 1944, the eviction of ethnic Ukrainians from Poland to Ukraine and from Ukraine to Poland began. With the onset of winter, the number of people wishing to leave from both sides decreased significantly. Because of this, it was necessary to repeatedly change and postpone the deadlines for completing the resettlement action, and from the end of summer - the beginning of autumn 1945, to switch to the use of exclusively forced resettlement measures. Soviet and Polish "resettlement commissions", military units, punitive and administrative bodies were thrown to carry out the "special operation". According to various estimates, as a result, from 600,000 to a million ethnic Ukrainians were deported from Poland.

Born on this day:

1936 - Edvard Stanislavovich Radzinsky, historian, playwright, writer was born.

Edward Radzinsky was born in Moscow. In 1959 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of History and Archives. At the age of 19, he wrote his first play, My Dream, India, which was soon staged by the Moscow Youth Theater. Since the sixties of the twentieth century, the writer Edvard Radzinsky became famous in Russia. He became famous after Putin and Edvard Radzinsky staged by Anatoly Efros the play "104 pages about love" based on the playwright's play of the same name at the Lenin Komsomol Theater. After this production, the audience longed for the next work of the author. Radzinsky wrote plays ode after another, among which are Lunin, The Theater of the Times of Nero and Seneca, Conversations with Socrates, The Old Actress for the Role of Dostoevsky's Wife, Sports Scenes of 1981, Filming a Movie. All of them were staged in many theaters of the world, including in Russia. In recent years, E. Radzinsky has been engaged in historical research: he is the author of the books “Lord ... save and pacify Russia. The Life and Death of Nicholas II", "Rasputin: Life and Death", "Stalin", the novel "The Unknown Beaumarchais". He is the host of the TV program from the cycle "Mysteries of History". Winner of the TEFI award. Member of the Academy of Russian TV, member of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Culture and Art.

1950 - Yuri Andreevich Longo was born, parapsychologist, magician.

Yuri Longo (real name Golovko) was born in the Krasnodar Territory. After school, he graduated from a technical school and got a job as a train conductor. Later he came to Moscow, where he graduated from the school of hypnosis and mastered card tricks to perfection. He got a job at the Moscow Regional Philharmonic, and for the solo program he came up with a sonorous pseudonym - in honor of the famous fakir Dmitry Longo, who shone in the circus arena in the middle of the century. Soon Golovko was retrained as a "master of white practical magic." He developed several original methods for treating a wide range of diseases, mastered 120 types of hypnosis, Member of the International Association of Magicians and Sorcerers, Master of White and Black Magic Yuri Longotelepathy, telekinesis, perkinesis, clairvoyance. Yuri Longo created an international school of magicians and sorcerers in Moscow, as well as its branches in Germany, Australia, the USA and Israel. He took part in the competition "Unusual in our lives" on Japanese television (Tokyo, 1990) and received the first prize. In addition, Longo acted as a co-author and co-producer of the TV show "Third Eye", participated in the filming of several films. In 1994, he demonstrated experiments on restoring the motor abilities of a deceased person, showed the possibilities of levitation (as it turned out later, all these tricks were prepared by Longo with assistants). The most famous tricks of the magician shown on TV: “Reviving a corpse in the morgue”, “Levitation, or Soaring in the air without support”, “Walking on water like on dry land”, “Ignition of grass with the energy of hands” are nothing more than tricks and staged tricks. Longo is the author of the books: “The profession of a sorcerer”, “Pure power. Practical and love magic”, “Third eye”, “School of sorcerers. Secrets of Practical Magic”, “Under the Light of the Full Moon”, “Confessions of a Sorcerer”. Yuri Longo died on February 17, 2006. He was buried at the Vostryakovsky cemetery in Moscow.