Alcohol has a long history and is spread all over the world. Drinking alcohol reflects the cultural characteristics of the population of different countries. Hot drinks are used in religious sacraments and simply for entertainment at a feast.
However, alcohol is not at all harmless and can cause addiction, the consequences of which are extremely sad and sometimes fatal. This is why the World Health Organization (WHO) has been involved in the control and reduction of alcohol consumption for many years.
Alcoholism is widespread throughout the world, but in some countries this problem is especially acute. For many years, the leading positions were held by members of the former USSR, and over the past decade the states of Western Europe have broken out of the top five. Who is distinguished by enviable constancy are the Muslim peoples who do not welcome the use of alcohol.
Ranking of countries according to statistics for 2016-2017
Alcohol statistics are maintained by WHO and a number of other authorities. For example, OECD is an international economic organization of developed countries. The report is submitted every few years.
The latest data was published on the Delphi portal in mid-May 2017. Gouden Galea, Director of the Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Health Promotion, WHO Representative, shared the official conclusions with the Internet publication and named the top five drinking leaders.
It should be noted that WHO statistics take into account the consumption of both legal and self-made alcohol. For example, the population of Moldova prefers home wines.
In addition, WHO collaborates with the UN, estimates tourist flows, smuggled drinks and adjusts the statistics accordingly. Alcohol consumption is measured in liters of pure ethyl alcohol per capita over 15 years of age. At the same time, 60% of people in the world do not drink at all and 16% suffer from chronic alcoholism.
Lithuania is ahead of the rest
It was this country that took first place. According to WHO estimates, in a small Baltic state, one inhabitant on average consumes 16.2 liters of pure ethanol per year. In an interview, Gouden Galea said literally: "This, according to the latest estimates, makes Lithuania one of the most drinking countries in the world." The indicated amount of ethanol is 400 liters of beer. It is the foamy drink that Lithuanians prefer (46%). Strong alcohol is consumed by 34% of the population, and wine by 8%.
In addition, statistics show that alcohol is drunk in Lithuania in 90% of cases at home. For comparison, in other European countries (Greece, Spain and Great Britain) more than 60% of consumption is accounted for by entertainment establishments - restaurants, pubs, bars.
Belarus
From 2008 to 2015, Belarusians occupied the honorable first place in terms of alcohol consumption in the world. In 2016, the ranking of the countries changed slightly. Belarus has managed to reduce the amount of pure alcohol drunk per year to 15 liters. This happened due to an increase in alcohol prices, which were minimal, a fight against producers of low-quality drinks, as well as tougher punishment for drunk driving. What do they prefer to drink in Belarus? According to statistics, the population predominantly consumes strong alcohol (47%). Beer (17%) and wine (5%) are less favored.
Latvia
Another Baltic country closes the top three. Here, according to statistics, the local population on average drinks about 12.8 liters of pure alcohol per year. Moreover, the tendency towards leadership has been outlined in Latvia quite recently. Even some 5-10 years ago, the country consumed less than 10 liters of alcohol per year.
Latvians prefer beer among drinks. According to one study, they spend almost € 100 a year on alcohol, and half as much on cultural events. In order to reduce the popularity of alcohol in 2014, the authorities banned its advertising, but this did not lead to positive changes.
The fourth place is shared by Russia and Poland
At the end of 2016, both countries consume nearly 12.2 liters per inhabitant. For Russia, the fourth place is a kind of achievement. Over the past 10 years, the level of alcohol consumed has decreased by about 5 liters. But Poland, on the contrary, began to drink more. Traditional drinks for her are vodka, various meads, beer. In Russia, the population prefers strong alcohol.
Estonia
Closes the top five most drinking countries. The level of 11 liters of alcohol per capita in Estonia is the lowest in the last ten years. The authorities managed to achieve a similar result by raising the excise tax. However, this did not stop some citizens, they just started buying alcoholic beverages in Latvia, where prices for it are three times lower. As for the preferences of Estonians, they use strong alcohol and beer at about the same level - 37 and 41%, respectively.
Europe vs Russia
Many people ask, where do they drink more alcohol, in Russia or in Europe? The statistics speak for themselves. Over the past decade, the situation with alcoholism in Russia has improved markedly, but in Europe, on the contrary. However, the amount of pure ethanol drunk is not the only criterion that is important to consider when speaking about the health of the nation. The culture of drinking alcoholic beverages, their quality and the therapeutic measures taken are of great importance. So, according to the WHO, it is in Russia and a number of other countries that were part of the USSR that the highest mortality rate of the population from injuries associated with alcohol consumption is noted. They also lead in the frequency of deaths from cardiovascular diseases that have developed from alcohol abuse.
But if Europe drinks more, why is Russia suffering? The point is the culture of consumption, cheap alcohol, its availability, according to WHO. In Europe, the population does not know what an abstinence syndrome is, it is not customary for them to celebrate to the point of unconsciousness. They drink regularly, but in moderation.
Moreover, many countries, such as Norway, sell alcohol exclusively in specialized stores. Moreover, in some cities they work only for tourists.
In Sweden, alcohol is so expensive that it is cheaper to take a ferry to the Germans for it. As for Germany and Italy, although they are major suppliers of beer and wine, they themselves do not abuse, thanks to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and education of the younger generation about the dangers of alcohol.
You can clearly see the statistics of total alcohol consumption in the world on WHO maps. The last such graphic is available for 2015. The results of 2017 will be summed up in 2018, presumably also in the spring.
The problem of alcoholism in the world has been acute for many years. More than 3 million people die annually from the consequences of alcohol abuse, which exceeds the number of deaths from AIDS.
Alcoholic beverages contribute to addiction and increase the risk of more than 200 diseases, including cirrhosis of the liver and some cancers. In addition, excessive drinking leads to violence and injury. The world average consumption of ethanol is 6.2 liters. Moreover, every second inhabitant on the planet does not drink at all.
The consumption of alcohol in the world is becoming one of the priority problems of a sufficient number of countries. The destructive addiction is spreading on all continents. The death rate from alcoholism, according to statistics, reaches 2.5 million people a year worldwide.
The consequences of alcoholism
The negative consequences of addiction affect not only people who drink, but also those around them. Families are the most affected. It is alcohol that is the cause of many illegal and unpleasant actions. Up to half of all crimes are committed under the influence of alcohol, families break up, the younger generation suffers.
Under the influence of alcohol, most crimes, car accidents with serious consequences, cases of violence, grievous bodily harm, and so on are committed. Women with alcohol dependence often have inferior offspring. The educational influence of drinking parents has an extremely negative effect on children, and the material security of the family also suffers. Abandoned in such families, they often become homeless.
Alcoholism also negatively affects the position of society. It can cause economic disruptions and even lead to economic and political crises.
The addiction to alcohol has a negative effect on literally all human organs, leading to their serious damage and death of the body, it becomes the cause of mental illness and loss of appearance, premature aging.
Alcoholism in Europe
According to the established tradition, there is no concept of "alcoholism disease" and no records of such patients are kept. Europeans call such people “having problems with alcohol” and, according to various estimates, they are recruited at about 10 -20%. Therefore, it is not possible to provide statistical data on this problem.
Europeans drink the most in the world. The conclusion is that in countries with high alcohol consumption, the level and duration of life should decrease. However, this is not supported by statistics.
The transition from alcohol consumption to alcohol abuse is influenced by various factors, such as:
The consequences of booze in Europe
- the comfort of living in the country;
- alcohol consumption culture;
- traditional varieties of alcohol consumed in the country;
- the prevailing attitude towards those suffering from this defect.
On the social roots of alcoholism
It is generally accepted that representatives of low-status social strata are susceptible to the harmful effects of alcoholism, low income and living standards. This implies a behavioral reaction to a failed life and dissatisfaction with their own situation. Of course, such deviations also occur among quite successful people, representatives of top-level politicians, stars of show business. But there are few such mass events in high circles. The very standard of living, communication, and the tasks to be solved assumes for a person to be constantly in good shape and adequate condition.
The culture of drinking alcohol in Europe does not imply an end in itself, but only the accompaniment of the process of communication with others, therefore this level does not imply excessive consumption. In addition, the process of drinking alcohol takes place in public places - bars, pubs, restaurants, which also requires a certain level of behavior.
The level of prices for alcohol is also important, which is several times higher than that in Russia. This applies not only to elite drinks, but also to ordinary vodka. This approach does not stimulate excessive alcohol consumption.
Any kind of alcohol contributes to the development of alcohol dependence, this is traditional for many territories beer and wine, and, especially, spirits. They affect alcoholism most aggressively in relatively short periods of time.
A comparison with wine-drinking Moldova is typical here. Having the highest level of alcohol consumption, it is characterized by the highest indicator of life expectancy.
Europe is characterized by a sensitive attitude towards people suffering from alcoholism. They try to involve them in public life, help them find work, take a worthy place in society, and start a family. Societies of Alcoholics Anonymous are widespread, contributing to the psychological relief of addicted people, making it easier for them to fully return to society.
In general, it can be noted that Europeans are not concerned with the problem of alcoholism. They are more worried about the problem of cure for somatic diseases, which are also one of the consequences of a painful addiction to alcohol.
Alcoholism in our country
The belief that Russians drink more than other countries is misguided. Yes, they drink a lot, but there are many countries where it is more common. This opinion is formed for various reasons, including due to a number of specific features of alcohol addiction in our country:
Alcoholism and drunkenness in numbers
With regard to this phenomenon, it is impossible to speak with confidence about the correctness of the data. In many countries there is no official registration of persons suffering from this defect.
And where such records are kept, it cannot be argued that they are fully objective, because not everyone is registered with the relevant medical institutions, a significant part of such statistics are not taken into account.
It has been established that in communities without restrictions on the free sale of alcohol, the number of people who want medical help due to alcoholism is about 2%. Moreover, this figure is stable within the statistical error.
The number of “having problems”, that is, who regularly drink but have not yet consulted doctors, is about 10-15%, and this figure is also stable for most countries.
For Russia, the number of registered people will be about 2.8 million people, while latent alcoholics are 15-20 million, respectively.
Accordingly, in the EU countries this will be 1 million and 50 - 70 million people.
Alcohol rating by country
In the ranking of alcoholized countries, the first places are occupied by European states, however, the attitude towards alcoholic beverages in them is ambiguous. Using the data from 2014, you can identify a kind of specificity. Let's pay attention to the top five countries leading in the consumption of alcoholic beverages:
Table 1
Among the first ten most drinkers are the same.
Despite the high development of civilization among the most drinking countries in the world in 2018, states with a low standard of living turned out to be not at all lagging behind. From this we can conclude that financial well-being does not play a decisive role in this matter. Every year, the number of people with a morbid addiction to alcohol around the world is only growing.
The TOP-10 countries of strong drinks lovers include developed European countries, but Russia, contrary to the stereotype, has noticeably moved away from the "prize" places. It is sad that the age of people who first tried alcohol barely reaches 15 years old, and after 16, the average rate of drinking alcohol by a young person per year is 6.2 liters. After analyzing the research of the World Health Organization, we have compiled a list of the most drinking countries in the world 2018.
10.Ukraine
On the Ukraine there are 12.8 liters of alcohol per person per year. The alcohol market is very poorly regulated in the country, so the number of young people dependent on alcohol is increasing. The national drink - gorilka, whose history begins
from the 12th century. Gorilka (vodka) and beer are the most popular spirits, followed by wine. Ukrainians prefer to drink wines of domestic producers, mainly because of the affordable cost, in comparison with European brands. World brand of Ukrainian alcoholic beverages - "Nemyriv" and "Khortytsya".
9 Belgium
The country is famous for its beer. Some varieties date back more than IV centuries. Unsurprisingly, the country was ranked among the most drinking countries. The share of income that citizens spend on alcohol is 2.9%. For example, the EU average is 1.6%. Alcohol consumption per person in Belgium is 13.2 liters.
8.Bulgaria
The eighth place in the rating was taken by a country that is very popular with tourists. In Bulgaria, beaches occupy a significant area of \u200b\u200bthe country. The country has one of the lowest prices for alcohol and one of the lowest excise taxes. Perhaps, if the country counted all alcohol produced by its citizens, the country would rank higher. Alcohol consumption in Bulgaria is 13.6 liters per person.
7 croatia
Back in 2016, the country occupied 4 places in the ranking, with a value of 12.8 liters. In 2018, the figure increased by more than 5% and amounted to 13.6 liters. The country's national drinks include liqueur. Wine is very popular in the country, the share of consumption of this drink is 44.8%.
List of countries with the highest share of alcohol spending from average wages.
6. Czech Republic
The national drink is Becherovka. A citizen Czech Republic on average, he drinks 13.7 liters per year. strong drink. Beer accounts for almost 160 liters. per person Beer in this country is part of the culture; it has been brewed here for many centuries. The world famous Czech brands Velkopopovicky Kozel, Radegast and Pilsner are classics of beer varieties. There are many pubs selling draft beer, and in Prague there is a restaurant that is more than five centuries old! Here you will taste Czech cuisine, different types of beer (dark, light, coffee, banana) and feel the atmosphere of the old Czech Republic. The state is actively investing in the wine industry. Czech wines are called Moravian, as most of the vineyards grow in Moravia.
5.Romania
Famous for its beer and wine. The country has such factories as Murfatlar, Cotnari, Dragasani. The country is one of the largest wine exporters. The total alcohol consumption in the country is 13.7 liters. The share of beer in the country accounts for 50% of consumption, wine 28.9%.
4. Russia
At the end of 2018, alcohol consumption by the population decreased slightly, but the country nevertheless entered the top five most drinkers in the world. The average Russian drinks 13.9 liters per year. alcohol. Women consume half as much - 6.8 liters. The national drink is vodka. IN Of Russia more preference is given to vodka and beer, the purely Russian habit of choosing "white" has spread to other post-Soviet states, such as Moldova, Belarus, Kazakhstan, etc. It is in these countries that a person is more inclined, while drinking alcohol, to reach a state of extreme intoxication, as as quickly as possible. Russia's getting into the ranking of the most drinking countries is largely due to the relatively low cost of alcohol, in comparison with Europe - $ 4 per half liter and a low standard of living. Recently, the number of Russians who prefer wine to other spirits has increased.
3. Moldova
Consumption of strong alcoholic beverages prevails in the country, their share is 64.5%, this is one of the highest rates in the world. For example, in Russia the share of strong alcohol is 51%. 15.9 liters is the average alcohol consumption in Moldova.
2. Belarus
Belarus - the most drinking country in the world in 2016-2017. In 2018, she lost the "leadership" to Lithuania. Every inhabitant here drinks on average 16.4 liters. alcohol per year. The indicator decreased by 1 liter compared to the data of 2016-2017. Moreover, strong drinks are preferred by 47% of people, beer, only 17%, other alcohol -32%, but very little wine - 4%. Women also like to drink, on average, 7 liters. in year. These figures are official, but the real ones, presumably, are much higher, since they could not get data on home brewing in conservative Belarus.
1.Lithuania
Lithuania was named the most drinking country in 2018. At the end of 2018, alcohol consumption in Lithuania was 18.2 liters per person. The share of spending on alcohol is 4.2%. According to this parameter, the country is in the top three "leaders"
Beer and spirits are mainly consumed in the country, 46.5% and 34.1%, respectively. Against the background of a significant increase in alcohol consumption, the country's authorities are taking measures to reduce the sale of alcoholic beverages. Excise taxes on alcohol were sharply increased, and temporary restrictions on sales were introduced.
The table shows data on alcohol consumption per capita in the 10 countries with the highest levels.
MOSCOW, May 10 - RIA Novosti, Maxim Rubchenko. The Ministry of Health estimates that alcohol consumption in Russia has declined by almost 40 percent since 2006. The World Health Organization, in turn, states that today the average Russian drinks 3.5 liters less alcohol per year than ten years ago. What is behind these indicators and in which countries they drink the most - in the material of RIA Novosti.
Statistics games
The widespread belief that Russians are the most alcoholic drinkers in the world is increasingly at odds with reality. The consumption of alcoholic beverages in the country has been declining for many years, and at a rapid pace. The data of different departments differ somewhat - WHO says about 13.9 liters per capita per year, the Ministry of Health and Rospotrebnadzor - about ten liters. In January, Russian Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova announced that over the past five to seven years, alcohol consumption has been reduced by 80 percent. Be that as it may, everyone agrees that in Russia every year they drink less and less, and this trend has been continuing for more than ten years.
In 2017 alone, alcohol consumption decreased by 0.3 liters - this is one and a half bottles of vodka (0.5 liters of alcohol), 4.5 liters of dry wine or 10 liters of light beer.
As a result, Russia is no longer even among the top three most drinking countries (Lithuania - 18.2 liters, Belarus - 16.4 liters, Moldova - 15.9 liters), ranking fourth and just slightly ahead of Romania, Czech Republic, Croatia, Bulgaria ...
According to WHO estimates, consumed in Russia, 13.9 liters of alcohol per capita are equivalent to 34.75 liters of vodka. According to the Tsenomer portal, the average price of vodka today is 693 rubles per liter. This means that on average 24,081 rubles are spent on drinking. The average salary in 2017 is 35,845 rubles per month (430 thousand per year). This means that Russians spend 5.9 percent of their income on alcohol. That is, more than in the most problematic countries of the European Union in terms of drunkenness, and three times more than the average European.
On the other hand, the average salary in Estonia is 1242 euros per month, or 5.6 percent, which is 835 euros.
However, Märt Leesment, the chief analyst of the Estonian Statistics Department, claims that the average Estonian adult spends only 108 euros a year on alcohol, that is, seven times less. It is impossible to understand who is right, the Estonian Department of Statistics or Eurostat, but it is clear that such ratings should not be taken too seriously.
Unexpected findings
"For the first time, the population of several countries was studied in terms of lifestyle, health, and working conditions," said Professor of Sociology at the Norwegian University of Life and Technology Terje Andreas Eikemu Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten.
Some of the results were quite unexpected. In particular, it turned out that well-to-do and educated drink more than people with low social status.
"Alcohol consumption in general seems to be associated with higher education," notes Eikemu. "This distinguishes alcohol, for example, from smoking, which is common exclusively in the lower strata of society. However, wealthy people drink 'right', problematic alcohol consumption is more common in the lower strata." ...
Another unexpected conclusion is that alcohol consumption begins to affect human health rather late in comparison with other factors. "Living conditions are more important and can tell us why we drink the way we drink," says Eikemu. "Problematic alcohol consumption destroys both the person and his family, but is rarely the main cause of destruction."
In addition, experts say that bans (for example, on the sale of alcohol at certain times) are not the best way to fight for a healthy lifestyle. “Our research has shown that it is more important for the vast majority of countries to improve the well-being of citizens and improve working conditions,” states Eikemu. “The fight against drunkenness is, of course, important, but first we must provide a person with the opportunity to live with dignity. Thus, we will create the preconditions for so that health care becomes a habit among people. "
The Russian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization are unlikely to agree with this conclusion, claiming that the reduction in alcohol consumption in Russia is due precisely to restrictions.
The Russian Ministry of Health believes that the ban on the retail sale of alcohol from 23:00 to eight in the morning, as well as the ban on alcoholic beverages in children's, educational, medical institutions and sports facilities have played an important role in the positive statistical changes.
Culture issue
For obvious reasons, problems with drunkenness do not arise in countries and regions where Islam is widespread. Thus, according to the WHO, the least alcohol consumed by citizens of Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania and Pakistan (0.1 liters per year per person), Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh (0.2 liters each), Egypt, Niger and Yemen (0 , 3 liters).
The same is in Russia. Experts of the federal project "Sober Russia" have compiled a rating of the most "sober" and the most "drinking" regions of the country. Seats were allocated in accordance with points, which were set taking into account the volume of sales of all types of alcoholic products, the number of deaths from alcohol poisoning, crimes committed while drunk, citizens registered with a narcologist, violations in the sphere of alcohol circulation and hours of ban on the sale of alcohol during the day.
Chronic causes the development of pancreatitis in 60% of cases. 70% of murders and 62% of suicides are committed while intoxicated. Despite this, per capita alcohol consumption is constantly growing.
Ranking of countries in the world in terms of alcohol consumption
Countries with particularly high alcohol consumption include:
- Belarus. This country has repeatedly led the ranking of the most drinking states. In Belarus, not only the legal, but also the black market for alcoholic beverages is developed.
- Ukraine. The state traditionally occupies a leading position in the ranking due to the large number of wineries and affordable prices for alcoholic beverages.
- Italy. Wine in Italy is consumed at almost every meal. It is customary to give an alcoholic drink diluted with water even to children.
- France. Drinking alcohol is considered part of French culture. A bottle of wine almost always accompanies a Frenchman's lunch or dinner.
- Great Britain. Many pubs and bars are open around the clock in this country. The most common cause of death in the kingdom is cirrhosis of the liver caused by alcoholism.
- Germany. You can even buy an alcoholic drink in Germany at a newsstand. There is no ban on drinking alcohol in public places in the country. Beer festivals are favorite national holidays.
- Spain. The Kingdom ranks third in the world for the production of alcoholic beverages. Hot climate is among the main reasons for alcohol abuse. The Spaniards quench their thirst with cocktails based on alcoholic beverages.
- Finland. Finns are encouraged to drink large amounts of alcohol due to the harsh climatic conditions. Despite the active struggle of the authorities against drunkenness and numerous restrictions, alcoholism is one of the most common causes of death and the occurrence of serious illnesses in this state.
- Australia. The use of rum as currency contributed to the spread of drunkenness.
- Uganda. The state ranks first in the consumption of alcohol among African countries. Preference is given to the local alcoholic drink made from bananas, which in ancient times was used by warriors to raise morale.
Drunkenness in Russia
The Russian Federation is among the most drinking countries in the world. Sociologists argue that the cause of drunkenness is often social, psychological, political and economic problems, uncertainty about the future. A large number of holidays contributes to the frequent drinking of alcoholic beverages.
Over the past decade, mortality from alcohol has increased in Russia: if in 2008 2.5 million people died, then in 2015 the number of deaths exceeded 3.5 million. In most cases, death occurs after consuming surrogate alcoholic beverages. The main consequences of excessive drinking is the birth of children with pathologies.
The government of the Russian Federation has adopted a number of bills, the purpose of which is to combat addiction and the spread of counterfeit alcoholic beverages:
- Since 2010, appearing in a public place while intoxicated has been punished with 15 days' arrest or a heavy fine. Criminal liability arises for persuading minors to drink alcoholic beverages.
- Since 2011, beverages containing more than 0.5% ethyl alcohol are considered alcoholic.
- Since 2013, the sale of alcohol has been prohibited in unauthorized places, as well as at train stations and in small retail outlets (stalls, kiosks, etc.).
In addition, themed alcoholic holidays and advertising of alcoholic beverages have been canceled on the territory of the Russian Federation. In educational institutions, lectures are given on a healthy lifestyle.
Figures and reality
Alcohol consumption statistics for 2017.
The growth in the consumption of alcoholic beverages is recorded both in countries with economic problems and in countries with more stable economies.
And where they don't drink
A complete or partial ban on alcohol consumption is more common in countries where the state religion is Islam, which prohibits the use of alcoholic beverages:
- Bangladesh. The local population is prohibited from drinking alcohol. Tourists can bring a small amount of alcohol across the border, which is allowed only in the hotel room.
- Kuwait. The ban applies to both the local population and foreigners. Violators face imprisonment. In most cases, foreigners are deported.
- Maldives. Islanders are prohibited from drinking alcohol. Tourists are allowed to drink in bars after receiving special permission.
- Mauritania. Alcohol is not prohibited for non-Muslim people. You can drink it at home or in restaurants licensed to sell alcohol.
- Pakistan. Non-Muslim citizens who consume alcoholic beverages must obtain permission. The authorities are making concessions to support the state's economy.
- Yemen. Selling alcohol in Yemen is only allowed in Sana'a and Aden. A foreigner can bring alcohol with him, but he is not allowed to drink it in public places.
- United Arab Emirates. Liquor sellers need to obtain a special license. Non-Muslims are allowed to visit bars, but it is unacceptable to appear on the street drunk. Violators face a heavy fine, jail time or public flogging.
- Sudan. Non-Muslim citizens of the country and foreigners can drink at home (in the hotel room). At the same time, it is prohibited to visit public places while drunk.
- Saudi Arabia. On the territory of the state there is a Muslim shrine - Mecca. Buying and selling alcohol is prohibited in Saudi Arabia. All foreigners are warned about the ban when entering the country.
- Somalia. Muslims who drink alcohol face imprisonment or corporal punishment. Non-Muslims drinking alcohol in public places will also be punished.
In India, bans on the production and consumption of alcoholic beverages vary by state. In some regions, bans and restrictions are completely absent, in others there is a "dry" law. You can bring alcohol into Iran. It is permissible to produce and sell alcoholic beverages on the territory of the state to persons who do not profess Islam.