Words with double consonants are some of the hardest to spell. The point is that these letters are not pronounced as a pair. As a rule, only one sound sounds in their place. Hence the difficulty - the inability to notice the spelling. That is why the spelling of words with double consonants begins in elementary school and ends only in grade 7. There are a lot of rules governing this spelling: they relate to the spelling of various parts of the word. Particular attention should be paid to those words where doubled consonants are at the junction of morphemes.

Fundamentally

Words with at the root, as a rule, belong to the category of dictionaries (their spelling should be remembered). In Russian, this combination lj and ss.

So, the words "burning", as well as "reins" or "yeast" must be remembered - they do not obey any rule. Here you need to be especially careful and keep in mind that consonants - zg (d) / - zzh-, with a prolonged pronunciation of [f], one should still write [zzh]. For instance: squeals (n., unit h.) - you squeal [lzh] and.

As for the combination - ss-, then it is used in the word "quarrel" and the words derived from it ( quarrel). You should also write - ss- fundamentally - ross-: Russia, western Russian, Little Russia.

Remember that - rus- should be written with one - from- if there is no suffix after - sc-: russian expertbut Russian... An exception - Belarus.

Do not forget about the numerals. So, in the word "eleven" in the root is written doubled n... The thing is that the lexeme originated from the phrase eleven (ten).

At the junction of the prefix and root

Words with double consonants at the junction of a prefix and a root are quite numerous in Russian. There are several rules to consider here.

Firstly, if the first sound of the root is voiced, at the end of the prefix it is necessary to use a letter denoting a voiced sound: starless, provoke, eve.

Here, too, alternation plays an important role, so the word "heartburn" will not be written double f (although it is heard), because there is a special alternation.

And the exact opposite principle: a double voiceless consonant is used if the root begins with a voiceless: b insomnia, disperse, shameless, dry out... It is important to adhere to the basic principle of using double consonants: they can be used exclusively in pairs, in no case in triplets. If it provides for a confluence of three identical letters side by side, one of them is truncated.

Let's look at an example: quarreled... This word is derived from the verb quarreled using the prefix races... Accordingly, in a row there should be three from: two from root quarrel and one from the prefix races... However, according to the well-known spelling principle, one of them is truncated.

It should be remembered that in the word "calculation" one from. The same rule holds true for derived words, for example: calculating, calculated.

In the suffix

Words with double consonants in a suffix are adjectives and participles. So, words like provocative or cranberry will be written with doubled n... It's all about the suffixes - enn- and - he N-.

Let's give as an example 3 more words with double consonants in the suffix: constitutional, positional, revolutionary... Note that all these adjectives are derived from s from nouns to - tion: constitution, position, revolution.

Two -n- have three exception words in the suffix: glass, pewter, wooden.

In adjectives ending in - oval / -watched and derivatives from them (for example, adverbs) are also written double - n- (exclusion words - forged, chewed): stuffed, spoiled, uprooted, agitated (agitated),

As for the participles, these parts of speech contain the suffix -nn-. It takes place if we are in front of us in the past tense. This rule is often confused, because the data can be distinguished from verbal adjectives, which have one letter n.

Let's look at similar words with double consonants. Examples are: read book a book read all evening (participle) - finished book (participle). Another example: wounded soldier (verbal adjective) - heavily wounded soldier (participle) - wounded soldier.

Looking at these examples, it is easy to conclude that the participle with a double -n- in a suffix it is distinguished by the presence of dependent words or a prefix. These signs can be present both collectively and separately: badly wounded soldier.

On the border of the root and the suffix

Words with double consonants can have them at the junction of the root and suffix. This applies, first of all, to adjectives and adverbs formed from them. Teachers say that students are most often confused in this rule.

As an example, let's analyze word-formation chains: fog - foggy - foggy. As you can see, the adjective foggy is formed from a noun whose stem ends in -n-. hence - a double consonant in a word, which remains in an adverb formed from an adjective - hazy.

Sleep - sleepy - sleepy - here also the formation of an adjective from a noun with a stem on -n- using the same suffix ( sleepy). Moreover, double n is also present in the adverb.

Another case when a double consonant stands at the junction of a root and a suffix - words with a root -sk-... Only in this version will it be written -ss-... For instance: Odessa - Odessa (third -from- truncated on the principle of the impossibility of the confluence of three identical consonants); Gudermes - Gudermes; Rus - Russian, Kotlas - Kotlas... As you can see, the rule applies to all kinds of toponyms.

Dictionary loan words

Dictionary words with double consonants, as a rule, belong to the category of foreign languages. It should be remembered that in the derivatives of these tokens, the doubled letter remains.

Here are some examples:

- group - group;

- compromise - compromise;

- point - ten-point;

- ton - two-ton;

- corrosion - anti-corrosion;

- mass - massive.

Algorithm of writing and transfer

To correctly spell a word with a double vowel, you must:

1. Determine which part of the word it is in.
2. Find out how this word is formed.
3. Check if a consonant is at the junction of morphemes.
4. Determine the part of speech (participle or verbal adjective).
5. Find out the lexical meaning. The fact is that there are words whose doubled consonant at the junction of the root and the prefix depends on the meaning. These are, for example: fake (copy) - and craft (handmade product). In the first case, two letters d at the junction of morphemes, and in the second - the prefix by-... Another example: run around (run several times) - run around (be in several places in a short time). In the first word, the prefix about-, in the second - about-

The hyphenation of words with double consonants obeys the following rule: one letter remains on the line, the second goes to the next: morning, dedicated, fog-but, angry-angry.

Place in the school course

In the school course, the topic of doubled consonants is introduced gradually: in elementary school, children are introduced to vocabulary words and their derivatives, such as "group", "gram". Also, younger students learn the rules for their transfer.

Further, in high school, when studying morphology, the topic is introduced when studying the spelling of one or another part of speech. In the 8-9 grade, the studied material is consolidated, its systematization (for example, the topic "N and NN in different parts of speech"), knowledge deepening (analysis of the most difficult cases).

It should be noted that in the GIA and USE tests, one of the questions is always devoted to this topic.

In the Russian language, there is a tendency to the loss of the consonant length (or the extension of the excerpt) at the end of the word. Double plosive consonants are not pronounced at the end of the word: watt [t], coccus [k], staphylococcus [k], streptococcus [k] (in the absence of double [k] and between vowels: staphylococcus [k], streptococcus [k ')) , groups [n], troupes [n] (genus.

Pad. mi. hours from the words group, troupe, which in the position between vowels can retain a double consonant [p]). Usually, double noisy fricative consonants are not pronounced at the end of a word: cf. cross [s], class [s], congress [s], compromise [s], progress [s], process [s], miss [s]. However, when these words change between vowels, [s] is also pronounced: cf. cross [s], class [s], add. [with:], progress [with], add. [from:] Etc. In the form of genus. span. pl. h. cash, mass (from cash, mass) double consonant, at least

measure in careful speech is preserved, which is explained by the influence of other case forms, where in the position between the vowels [s:] is pronounced: cf. cash desk [from:] at cash desk [from:], cash desk [from:]; mass [s:] at mass [s:], mass [s:].

Double consonants sonorant [m], [n], [l] at the end of a word can generally be pronounced. However, they are not pronounced in all cases. So, the word gram is pronounced without a double consonant at the end of the word, as well as before a vowel: gram [m], gram [m], kilogram [m], kilogram [m]. The word program can be pronounced with a double [m], but at the end of the word in the form of gender. pad. pl. h. pronounced without a double consonant: cf. program [m:] and programs [m] and [m:]. Form genus. pad. pl. h. sum can hold a double consonant under the influence of other forms, where a double consonant is pronounced between vowels: cf. sum [m:] and sum [m:]. The double consonant [n] is usually not pronounced at the end of a word while keeping it in the position between the vowels: five tons [and], but a ton [n:]. In forms the genus. pad. pl. h. bonn, vann double consonant [n] can be preserved: bonn [n:], vann [n:]. The double consonant [l] at the end of a word is not pronounced: gall [l] with gall [l:]. In the form of genus. pad. pl. h. Villa double consonant can persist under the influence of other case forms: villa [l:] to villa [l:], villa [l:]. However, there is no firm norm of pronunciation of double consonants [m], [n], [l] at the end of a word. In contrast to plosive consonants, sonorants can be pronounced at the end as doubles. But the general tendency towards the loss of double consonants is also valid for sonorants. The latter, in clear, chased speech, can retain the double character of consonants under the influence of other forms of the same words, where the double consonant is in front of the vowel.

It came unexpectedly, silver streams ran along the loosened paths. Winged wanderers have returned from distant lands, these feathered toilers tirelessly build their nests. "

The spring picture conveyed by this text makes us remember the rules for writing doubled consonants.

in borrowed words

If the spelling of doubled consonants in a word cannot be checked in any way, then they are called double. These words are to be memorized. As required by this rule, the words with doubled consonants below are memorized.

1. Some Alla, Anna, Vassa, Inessa, Ella, Rimma, Cyril, Savva.

2.Terrace, Ton, Effect, Tennis, Repression, Program, Column, Correspondent, Assembly, Alley, Score, etc.

3. Some primordially Russian words: Russia, burns, buzzes, yeast, quarrel.

4. In all words that are cognate with the above.

Differences between words with different numbers of consonants

When there is one consonant in some words and doubled consonants in others, the rules are as follows:

1. If it differs in the number of consonants, then these are most likely different words with different lexical meanings:

• ton - a measure of weight, tone - the case form of the word tone - a shade of sound or color;
• cash register - a device for storing money, touch - connection at some point;
• score is a unit of assessment, ball is an evening of relaxation with dancing.

Sample sentences:

• A ton of coal has already been loaded onto the ship.
• Igor has never heard such a pure tone.
• The ticket office is closed today.
• The touch was faint.
• I got a high score on the exam.
• Natalia was invited to the ball.

2. There are cases when the number of identical letters does not affect the lexical meaning of words: Alla - Alka, crystal - crystal, art - skillful, correspondent - junior, column - column, Finn - Finnish, ton - five ton.

No doubled consonants

If we take, for example, the word "aluminum", then there is one letter "l" in it. Remember the words that do not have double consonants. Examples of words:

• apartments;
• balustrade;
• gallery;
• humanist, humanistic;
• decibel;
• dealer, dealer;
• dilettante, amateurish;
• drama, dramatic, dramatic;
• imitation, imitate;
• corridor, bellhop;
• midget;
• producer, producer.

with doubled consonants

Usually words are carried over the syllables: ma-shi-na. doubled consonants are:

• A part of a word with one consonant remains on one line, and a part of a word with a second consonant is transferred to another: column-na, ton-na, Al-la, Russia.
• Carry out the transfer of words with doubled consonants, if possible, in a place where there is no doubled consonant: art, terra-sa, correspondent.

Unfortunately, even adults sometimes make mistakes, or they don't know how to correctly transfer such words. To prevent embarrassment from happening to you, let's discuss in which cases the hyphenation of words with doubled consonants is unacceptable. Examples:

• all-yea;
• terrace;
• art.

In addition, the rules for transferring doubled consonants prohibit transferring words with one vowel sound: class, score, burns.

At the junction of morphemes

When the end of the prefix and the beginning of the root, the end of the root and the beginning of the suffix or suffix are the same letter, doubled consonants appear. The rules dictate this spelling:

• permanent;
• fearless;
• selfless;
• toothless;
• lawless;
• provoke;
• raunchy;
• story;
• get angry;
• pickle;
• dissect;
• dry out;
• be pinched with cold;
• the threshold;
• give in;
• hook;
• thaw;
• outflow;
• beat;
• enter,
• up;
• entrusted;
• art;
• russian;
• sailor;
• novocherkassk;
• picture;
• old;
• true;
• cardboard;
• cup holder;
• windowsill;
• supporter;
• wanderer;
• the chosen one;
• pickpocket;
• raspberry;
• aspen forest.

Doubled consonants appear when adding abbreviated stems:

• chief physician;
• maternity hospital.

In adjective suffixes

In Russian, one of the most difficult orthograms is one and two letters H in suffixes that are found in words of different parts of speech. Consider spelling -n- and -nn- in adjectives. And the table will help us with this.

There are several exceptions to this rule: windy (windless), glass, pewter, wood.

It is especially worth mentioning words that are formed without a suffix:

• pork;
• mutton;
• young;
• scarlet;
• blue;
• green.

In participle suffixes

To apply the rule correctly, words with double consonant participles must be distinguished from adjectives. They are formed from the verbs:

• to proceed - well-worn;
• paint - painted;
• write - written;
• to expel - expelled;
• to desire is desired;
• buy - bought;
• eradicate - eradicated;
• to elect - the chosen one;
• incandescent - incandescent;
• fry - toasted;
• wake up - awakened;
• delimit - delimited;
• print - printed;
• draw - drawn;
• to interrogate - interviewed;
• grab - captured.

Words to remember: unseen, unexpected, unexpected, unintentional, unread.

In adverb suffixes

The same number of words are written in adverbs Hhow much is in the producing word. This is the simplest rule. Words with doubled consonants with this orthogram exist in Russian along with those that are written with one letter:

• sincere - sincerely;
• unintentional - unintentionally;
• beautiful - beautiful;
• interesting - interesting.

Test

Now that the topic "Doubled consonants" has been studied, the rules are familiar and understandable, you can check how high the level of mastering of the educational material is.

A. Ball. B. Group. B. Class. G. Alley. D. Gallery.

A. Leave both letters on the line.

B. Both letters must be wrapped to the next line.

A. Be sure to check.

B. No, you need to remember.

A. Saturday. B. Telegram. B. Story. G. Hockey.

5. In what word is LJ written? Write it _____________________

• bry… gnawing liquid;
• zadreb ... the iron was red;
• drive ... cross the bridge;
• annoying and ... burn;
• ra ... reap the trap;
• ra ... pity mom;
• you are ... a woman's land;
• out ... a jean horse;
• vi ... the child is biting.

beech a (l / ll) eya, television (n / nn) th ante (n / nn) a, dra (m / mm) atic co (l / ll) iziya, friendly co (l / l) ective, interesting pie (s / ss) a, grabbing (n / nn) th te (r / pp) history, (s / ss) getting along with friends, old draw (f / fj) and, showing gu (m / mm) anism, crista (l / ll) nnaya honesty, file a (p / n) e (l / ll) ation, alloy a (l / ll) yuminium, inventive lawsuit (s / ss) you, and (k / kk) decompose, interest (l / ll) to talk competently, go to the opera (t / tt) at, ma (s / ss) onskaya lodge, I am fond of be (l / ll) ethics, and (n / n) a cute pie, art (n / nn) th ha (l / ll) herey.

GIA tasks

• The snow has already melted.
• The banks ... are heated in the spring.
• The sun is ... pitifully eats up the snow drifts.
• The beams are ... pitifully burning the yellowed fields.
• Brooks and ... dried up.
• The travelers walked along the road along ... holding each other.
• Everyone sat around the fire.

• It is a pleasure to walk with a ... full bucket along the barely visible path to the hut.
• He liked everything here and delighted him: how large drops splashed falling from the leaves of the trees, how peaceful ... the fire crackled and the forest ground smelled breathtakingly.
• My grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and she always told me about their healing mysteries ... their properties.
• His tanned face was furrowed ... deeply wrinkled.
• The owner spoke in an unusual way ... tenderly, talking to the pigeons.
• We approach the house and see that the gate is open: it flaps from the wind, and the latch is torn off ... ah.
• The next day the gate was painted ... ah, its hinges were greased ... s.
• In the park, at the very entrance, there is a tree ... the th bench stands.
• There were new poles near the bench ...
• Waves crawled lazily on the sand and slowly ... they crawled away, leaving behind an edge of snow-white foam.
• The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with a drooping ... tail.
• The grandmother sat at the table, was silent and slowly ... o chewed bread.
• The dog was huge, with a large head and lions ... paws.
• He was wearing faded, incredibly wide canvas ... pants.
• The posters were put up ... all over the city.
• Everybody left, and only the well-worn faces of the lackeys flashed in the corridors.
• In the center of the room was a table covered with a cloth ... oy gold tablecloth.

3. Select the sentences in which the numbers are correct, in the place of which NN is missing.

• On the table are (1) a lot of vases with flowers and a sketch (2) and a bunch of branches, so that the dishes stand, as if in a sacrament (3) oh more often. (3)
• At the end of the nineteenth century, the variable filling thermometer was invented. Behind such a wise (2) name was a device intended for (3) measuring the temperature in a small interval. (13)
• On a hot day, I sat by a tree (1) pier and ate ice cream (2) with crushed (3) nuts. (1)
• On the table are (1) peaches, prepared (2) for compote, not yet cleaner ... (2)
• The glazed (1) doors were loosened (2), and their standing (3) ringing merged with the ringing of the chandelier. (13)
• At the end of the long (1) th corridor there was a fenced off (2) and a closet that served as guests (3). (1)

Answers

1. What word is spelled incorrectly?

D. Gallery.

2. What is the answer to the question: "How to transfer a word?" will be correct?

B. Leave one letter on the line, and transfer the other.

3. Answer: is it possible to check double consonants?

B. No, you need to remember.

4. In which word is not a double, but a double consonant?

B. Story.

5. In what word is LJ written? Write it: scorched.

6. One or two letters are missing in parentheses:

Beech alley, television antenna, dramatic collision, art gallery, friendly team, interesting play, occupied territory, quarrel with friends, old yeast, show humanism, crystal honesty, appeal, aluminum alloy, inventive art, carefully spread out, intelligently talk, go on operetta, Masonic lodge, fond of fiction, mouth-watering pie.

GIA tasks

1. In which sentences have words written with doubled consonants?

• The streams have dried up.
• The travelers walked along the road, supporting each other.
• They all sat around the fire.

2. What sentences contain words with two letters H?

• It is a pleasure to walk with a filled bucket along the barely visible path to the hut.
• He liked everything here and delighted him: how large drops splashed falling from the leaves of trees, how peacefully the fire crackled and the forest earth smelled breathtakingly.
• My grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing mysterious properties.
• The owner spoke unusually tenderly, talking to the pigeons.
• There is a wooden bench in the park near the entrance.
• Waves crawled lazily onto the sand and slowly crawled away, leaving behind an edge of snow-white foam.
• The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with its tail down.
• Grandmother sat at the table, was silent and slowly chewed bread.

For the third task, the answers are given in the text itself, in brackets.

Significance II. DOUBLE AGREEMENTS in the Russian Language Rules

II. DOUBLE CONSENT

§ 58. Double consonants are written with a combination of a prefix and a root, if the prefix ends, and the root begins with the same consonant, for example: support, the threshold, introduce, wipe, pour, restore, lawless, counterrevolution.

§ 59. Double consonants are written when combining the constituent parts of compound words, if one part ends and the other begins with the same consonant, for example: Mossovet, head physician.

§ 60. Double n and double s are written when combining a root and a suffix, if the root ends and the suffix begins with a consonant n or with:

with the suffix -n-, for example: long (length), old (old), stone (stone), blast (blast furnace), legal (law), temporary (basis of times-);

with the suffix -sk-, for example: Kotlas (Kotlas), Arzamas (Arzamas), Russian (Rus), but: Tartu (Tartu), Hankou (Hankou);

with the suffix -stv-: art (compare skillful).

Double c is also written in past tense verbs when combining stems on -с with a reflexive particle -са, for example: saved, rushed.

Note. Double n is written in the number eleven.

§ 61. Double n is written in suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives derived from nouns, for example: straw, morbid, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, peculiar, dining, revolutionary, positional.

Note. In the word windy and in its derivatives, one is written n, but in the prefix formations -нн- (windless, leeward) is written.

Adjectives with the suffix -yan- (-an-), formed from nouns, are written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather. The adjectives wood, pewter, glass are written with a double n.

The suffix -in- is written with one n in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, and also in the noun hotel.

[proposed changes 2000, p. 4]< pravila.html?proekt.htm >

§ 62. Double n is written in the passive participles of the past tense, for example: reports read at a ceremonial meeting; a soldier wounded by an enemy bullet; a collective farm organized in 1930; a detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected to the Supreme Soviet.

< pravila.html?proekt.htm >

§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from the passive participles of the past tense (or according to their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -ovan, -evan (except chewed and forged), for example: the patient is assigned enhanced nutrition a volume of Pushkin's selected works was published, a sublime style, an inscribed triangle, aged wine, a trusted person, a temperate climate, exquisite manners, an abstract question, an absent-minded student, a worn dress, used books, a tear-stained face, a rusty key, a risky step, a spoiled child, a grubbed site ...

But with one n, you should write adjectives formed from the passive participles of the past tense (including complex ones, see § 80, p. 2< pravila.html?def_3.htm >), if these adjectives do not have a prefix and are not formed from the verbs to -yat, -evat, for example: scholarly works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickles, pickled apples, steamed potatoes, dyed fabric.

The words desired, sacred, unexpected, unseen, unheard, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

[proposed changes 2000, para. 5]< pravila.html?proekt.htm >

§ 64. Double n is written in adverbs in -o and in nouns with suffixes -ik, -its-, -ost, formed from adjectives, if the latter are written with two n, for example: unintentionally, unheard of, agitated, agitated (agitated); confident, confident (confident); good breeding, pupil, educator (educated); protégé (put); captive (captive); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); root plant (root); inherent (peculiar).

If an adjective has one n, then both the adverbs formed from it and the nouns are written with one n, for example: confused, confused, confused (confused); learned, scholarship (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also, with one n, the words silver (in the meaning of a coin) and unmercenary (selfless person) are written.

§ 65. Double n is written in the plural. hours and in the feminine and neuter units. h. short adjectives formed from the passive participles of the past tense, in the full form of which - double n, for example: the groups are disciplined and organized; the girl is well-mannered and smart; they are very distracted.

Short passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken, broken, broken, broken; the young man was brought up by the Komsomol; the girl is pampered by education; we are limited in time; students are organized into a group.

§ 66. The double w is written in the words reins, yeast, juniper, buzz and in their derivatives, as well as in some formations from the verb to burn, for example: burn, burn, burn, burn, burn.

If there is an alternation zg - zzh, zd - zzh, you should write not a double w, but zzh, for example: you grumble (grouch), cerebellum (brain), arrive (arrival), later (old late, modern late), clutter up (clutter up ), as well as dawn (cf. old disdain - "dawn").

§ 67. No more than two identical consonants are written in a row, even if it was required, by the composition of the word, for example: quarrel (races + quarrel), Odessa (Odessa +), Prussian (Prussian +), five-ton (five-ton +).

§ 68. The spelling of double consonants in foreign words is determined in the dictionary order, for example: irrigation, corrosion, cassation, excess, essence, but: poster, letter, official, etching, report.

§ 69. In words formed from stems ending in two identical consonants, double consonants before suffixes are preserved, for example: group - group, group; program - program, program, kilowatt - kilowatt, Calcutta - Calcutta; class - class, Hun - Hun, point (unit of assessment) - five points; Gaul - Gaulish; libretto - librettist.

But it is written: crystal (although crystal), Finnish, Finnish (although Finn), columns (although a column), five-ton (although a ton), operetta (although an operetta).

Note. In the first part of shortened words, which is a stem ending with a double consonant, only one consonant is written, for example: gramophone, in a group.

Russian language rules. 2012

See more interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is II. DOUBLE CONSENT in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

• 
  Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Chronology of the Century: I - II - III 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 ...
• AGREE
  
• AGREE
  speech sounds that are combined in a syllable with vowels and, in contrast, do not form the tops of a syllable. Acoustically, S. have relatively less ...
• AGREE
  sounds (lat. consonantes) - A walking definition inherited from the ancient grammatical theory and expressed in a Latin term that received in translation ...
• AGREE in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  
• AGREE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  sounds of speech, opposed to vowels and consisting of voice and noise ([m], [p]) or only noise ([b], [d]), which is formed in ...
• AGREE
  CONSENT, speech sounds opposed to vowels and consisting of voice and noise or just noise, which is formed in the oral cavity, where ...
• DOUBLE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  DOUBLE STARS, two elliptical stars. orbits around a common center of mass under the action of gravitational forces. By observation methods, they distinguish ...
• AGREE in the Complete Accentuated Paradigm by Zaliznyak:
  agreeable, agreeable, agreeable, agreeable, agreeable, ...
• AGREE in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  - a class of speech sounds that are opposite in their properties to vowels. Articulating properties of C: mandatory presence of an obstacle in the vocal tract; with akusgich. ...
• AGREE
  sounds of speech, opposed to vowels and consisting of voice and noise or only noise that forms in the oral cavity, where the stream ...
• ALEXANDER II NIKOLAEVICH in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
  Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Alexander II, Nikolaevich, Liberator (1818 - 1881), All-Russian Emperor (from February 19, 1855), ...
• DOUBLE STARS in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  
• EXPLOSIVE CONSENT in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  consonants [from ex ... and lat. plaudo (plodo) - beat, clap], a kind of occlusive consonants, in which all three phases are realized ...
• PHYSICAL BINARY STARS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  binary stars, binary stars in which the components are linked by the forces of mutual gravity and revolve around a common center of mass. Besides most ...
• Nasal Consensus in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  consonants, nasal consonants, consonants pronounced with a lowered soft palate, that is, with the inclusion of a nasal resonator; see Nasalization of sounds, Consonants ...
• IMPLOSIVE CONSISTENT in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  consonants [from lat. in (im) - in, inside and plaudo (plodo) - beat, clap], closed consonants, unstressed consonants, in articulation ...
• DOUBLE STARS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  stars, two stars, close to each other in space and constituting a physical system, the components of which are connected by the forces of mutual gravity. Components address ...
• FRIEDRICH II THE GREAT in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  king of Prussia (1740-86), one of the most prominent figures in the history of the 18th century, who became famous as a sovereign and a writer, as a commander and ...
• CONSISTENT CONCERNS in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  (lat. plosivae, German. Verschlusslaute) - consonants, formed with complete closure, or shutter (lat. plosio, German. Verschluss), of the speech organs, making an outflow ...
• FRIEDRICH II THE GREAT
  ? King of Prussia (1740? 1786), one of the most prominent figures in the history of the 18th century, who became famous as a sovereign and a writer, as a military leader ...
• CONSISTENT CONCERNS in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
  (Latin plosivae, German Verschlusslaute)? consonants, formed with complete closure, or shutter (lat. plosio, German Verschluss), of the speech organs, making the expiration ...
• CONSISTENT SOUNDS
  Sounds of speech, consisting either of a single noise, or of voice and noise that forms in the oral cavity, where exhaled from ...
• NON-PAIRED CONSENT in the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms:
  1) Consonants devoid of deafness-voiced correlation. Unpaired voiced consonants: (l, l '), (m, m'), (n, n '), (p, p'), (j); unpaired deaf ...
• DOUBLE STARS in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
  two stars revolving in elliptical orbits around a common center of mass under the action of gravitational forces. By observation methods, visual binary stars are distinguished, ...
• ROMAN DADS in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
  Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". List of Roman bishops The opinion that the founder of the Roman See, who held it from 42 to 67, ...
• PAPACY in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree.
• CONSTANTINOPOLIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
  Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". This article is incomplete markup. The Constantinople Orthodox Church is a Local Autocephalous Church. Another official name ...
• GEORGIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
  Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". Georgian Orthodox Church - Local Autocephalous Church. Another official name is the Georgian Patriarchate. Georgian ...
• ANTIOCHIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
  Open Orthodox encyclopedia "DREVO". The Orthodox Church of Antioch, according to legend, was founded around 37 by the Apostles Paul and Barnabas in Antioch ...
• RUSSIA, SECTION A BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF SOUNDS AND FORMS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
  During the centuries-old existence of the Russian language, its sounds and forms, its syntactic structure and lexical composition have undergone significant changes. Track ...
• RUSSIA, SECTION HISTORY OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE (BIBLIOGRAPHY) in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
  Riterature. General essays. The beginnings of literary history, lists of writers. Johannis Petri Kohlii, "Introductio in historiam et rem litterariam Slavorum" (Altona, 1729); ...
• MARIAN LANGUAGE in the Literary Encyclopedia:
  one of the Finno-Ugric languages. Belongs to the Finnish group of these languages. (along with the Baltic-Finnish, Lapp, Mordovian, Udmurt and Komi languages). Distributed ...
• GRAPHIC ARTS in the Literary Encyclopedia:
  DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT. The set of systems of acoustic-articulatory signs of oral or spoken speech, denoted by the term phonetics, opposes G., as a set of systems of optical signs, ...
• UNIQUE CURVE in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  curve (from uni- and lat. cursus - run, path) (mat.), a flat curve that can be specified by parametric equations x j ...
• PAPACY in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  the religious monarchical center of the Catholic Church, headed by the Pope (who is considered in Catholicism as the successor of the Apostle Peter). The Pope is elected for life ...
• STARS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  self-luminous celestial bodies, consisting of incandescent gases, similar in nature to the Sun. The sun seems incomparably larger than the Z. only thanks to ...
• REPRODUCTION in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  a production process viewed in continuous motion and renewal. Includes V. material goods, V. labor force, and V. production relations. IN. …
• ALUMINUM ALLOYS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  alloys, alloys based on aluminum. The first A. s. received in the 50s. 19th century; they were an alloy of aluminum with ...
• ZINC in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  I (French, English Zinc, German Zink; chemical sign Zn, atomic weight 65.4). - Although Ts. Alloys (for example, with copper - ...
• PHONETICS in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  (from Greek. ????????? \u003d sound, vocal) - the department of linguistics, engaged in the study of the sound side of the language. This term is not precise and well defined. ...
• AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  got their name because very often their derivatives have a pleasant smell and are found in various resins, essential oils and ...

Double consonants in the root or after a prefix is \u200b\u200ban easy topic. But some words include a sonorous sound in oral speech, displaying not one, but two letters in writing. Examples in which double consonants are encountered are set out in the article.

To justify those who do not have one hundred percent literacy (and they are the majority), it is worth saying that the speech that Pushkin used is one of the most difficult in the world. Therefore, the spelling rules must be repeated from time to time. Let's take a look at the most common spelling mistakes

Double "w"

There are many words in the Russian language, the spelling of which does not correspond to a single rule. So, the double "g" is written in the following words:

• burning;
• yeast;
• rein;
• buzz;
• juniper.

But in the case of alternation of the sounds "g" and "z" it is written differently. For example, the verb "screech" comes from the noun "screech". And therefore, despite the fact that doubled consonants are heard in oral speech, it is still written "zzh".

Difficult words

Language units, called compound abbreviations, are often in doubt when written. If the first part of a word ends with the letter with which the second begins, there are doubled consonants.

• maternity hospital;
• chief physician.

These cases should not be confused with two-part words, one of which includes doubled consonants:

• gramophone record (gramophone record);
• cavalry (horse army).

But if the adjective is derived from a stem with doubled consonants, the above rule is followed. It needs to be followed when writing other parts of speech. The main condition is that a double consonant precedes the suffix. The following are examples of sentences that contain words with double consonants.

1. Gauls - these are the tribes that existed in the so-called gallic period.
2. His work was rated five points by five-point system.
3. Hunnic bow is a weapon created by nomads who are known in history as huns.
4. After nine participants left the project, it was no longer groupand small group.
5. The postman used to use diminutive forms in speech: writing, telegram, package.

Exceptions

But there are lexical units formed from words with double consonants, but do not fall under the rules given above. Remember these exceptions.

• crystal, but crystal;
• finn, but Finnish;
• column but column;
• ton, but five-ton.

Derivatives from proper names can also be classified as exceptions.

• In those distant times, she was not yet Alla Petrovna - a formidable and domineering woman, but stupid and naive Alcoy.
• One of the characters in Furmanov's work was a girl named Anna, better known as " Anka-machine gunner ".
• His name was Philip... And of all the works of classical literature, he most of all did not like Tolstoy's story " Filipok».

At the junction of the prefix and root

In such cases, the spelling of words with double consonants is used. But this rule also has exceptions. In words such as invoke or fake, the prefix ends with the letter the root starts with.

Do not confuse the spelling of the verbs “give in” and “give in”. In the first case, we are talking about an action, which can be expressed as follows: "to be influenced, agree", in the second - "to go."

Foreign words

The spelling of borrowings must be checked with a spelling dictionary. Or study foreign languages. After all, words such as abbreviation, accommodation and applique are of Latin origin. It is optional to study. Many Latin words are derived from modern English, German, and French.

Those who do not want to waste time on the grammar and phonetics of a foreign language need to remember the spelling of foreign words. Below are sentences in which borrowings with double consonants are present.

1. Aggression often becomes a consequence of alcohol poisoning.
2. Symptoms acclimatization manifest themselves in each person in different ways.
3. In this store you can buy not only clothes, but also various accessories.
4. Ammonia has a high level of toxicity.
5. Dressing is a complex and time consuming process.
6. A method that involves replacing some objects with others is called approximation.
7. Collegiateassessor, who lived in the neighborhood, was a mysterious, secretive man.
8. The witch brewed fragrant potions, cooked strange essences.
9. There were many waste heaps, tosome of the visitors were often mistaken for real mountains.
10. Representatives of the Russian intelligentsia in search of salvation, they had to leave their homes.

Borrowings with one consonant

There are also a number of words of foreign language origin, in which there are no doubled consonants, but for some reason, it is in their writing that mistakes are often made:

• attribute;
• balustrade;
• dealer;
• amateur;
• impresario;
• wolverine.

And, finally, the well-known word in which there are doubled consonants at the root: a quarrel. Of course, there is no need to write three letters "s" in a verb derived from it (quarrel). Words formed according to this scheme can include only two consonants.

The Russian language is a basic subject at school. But over the years, the skills acquired in childhood and adolescence are lost. In writing texts, seemingly educated people often make gross mistakes. Not everyone can answer the question of when to write double consonants. And only a select few are gifted with the so-called innate sense of language. Therefore, the rules of the Russian language must be repeated throughout life.