Natural ventilation in the bath: the principles of arrangement and layout of ventilation openings. We study the ventilation device in the bathhouse, bastu or other systems, but without ventilation in any way - or we will burn or rot the bathhouse Ventilation device in the steam bath

We have long gone from the firebox of the bath "on the black" and the lack of ventilation in this room. An integral part of the design of a traditional Russian bath is a ventilation system that ensures the distribution of heat evenly throughout the steam room and the removal of “exhaust” air to the outside. You can make ventilation with your own hands and at low material costs, but when arranging this important element of the bath, you should

General principles of steam room ventilation

A well-made ventilation system in the steam room is the key not only to a pleasant and relaxing atmosphere of a Russian bath, but also to your safety. Improperly arranged ventilation leads to numerous unpleasant consequences:

the wood in the bath, even with an ideal ventilation device, is subjected to a huge load and does not last longer than 20 years, and poor ventilation will shorten this period by several times;
the smell of stagnant air and rotting wood is not the most pleasant addition to the bath;
if stale air is not removed from the steam room in time, using such a bath is more of a harm than a health benefit. The steam room accumulates gases exhaled by people, emitted by a working stove, as well as fungi and mold, which quickly capture a poorly ventilated room.

An important function of ventilation is to provide heat transfer. Humid air conducts heat very poorly, therefore, without air circulation, the stove will only heat the space around it. For this reason, the ventilation inlet is most often placed behind the stove at a low height from the floor. So the air has time to heat up and distributes heat throughout the steam room. Otherwise, too cold air is supplied to the room, violating the temperature regime.

The outlet is located on the opposite wall and at the opposite level with the inlet. It is a very common mistake to place the vents on the same level: they form a closed flow that does not affect most of the room, so it is always cold below, and too hot and stuffy in the upper part of the steam room.

It is also worth considering that the same as the correct choice of the scheme, the value is the correctly selected diameter of the ventilation holes. For each cubic meter of the room, the diameter must be 24 cm, otherwise the air will not circulate.

Another important part of the ventilation system is the plugs or valves on the vents. They allow you to regulate the intensity of air circulation and quickly heat up and cool the room.

It is necessary to lay ventilation shafts even at the stage of construction of the bath itself, then it will be possible to change the ventilation scheme in only one way - by turning on the fan in it. Otherwise, disturbed ventilation will make the bath not very comfortable.

Natural and mechanical ventilation: pros and cons

The ventilation system can function both due to the natural movement of air, and due to the installed fan. The second option is an order of magnitude simpler: it is very difficult to create natural ventilation without a lot of stove experience behind you. It should be understood that any circuits with a different arrangement of vents are circuits designed to include a fan in the air exhaust process.

With natural ventilation, air circulation occurs due to the difference in pressure and temperature outside and inside the room. Hot air rises to the top of the steam room, passes into the outlet and creates a slight vacuum in the room, due to which fresh air is drawn into the inlet;
In circuits using a fan, either the outlet or both flows are provided by artificial air ventilation. Schemes with two fans allow you to place ventilation holes anywhere in the room; when using one fan, the inlet, as with natural ventilation, is located at the bottom of the room behind the stove.

The advantage of natural ventilation is a minimum of material costs, but if the design of the bath does not allow you to arrange the ventilation holes according to the classical scheme, then the only option is to turn on the mechanical component. Far from any fan is suitable for ventilation in the steam room, the chosen model must withstand extremely high temperatures and high humidity. A conventional heavy-duty duct fan near a steam room will not work, it will quickly fail, and faulty electronics in a wooden structure can be potentially dangerous. A conventional fan can only be used to ventilate the room after using the sauna.

Ventilation schemes in the steam room

But if the vents are not properly positioned, the mechanical assistance of the fan will not make the system work. In order not to learn from your costly mistakes, it is better to take one of the ready-made working ventilation schemes, here are some of them:

natural ventilation has already been described above. In it, the inlet is located behind the stove, the outlet is in the upper part of the opposite wall. So that the wind does not create a pressure zone and does not prevent the removal of air from the steam room, the air duct is made vertical and taken out to the roof of the building. If the diameter of the holes is chosen correctly, the natural system works without unnecessary intervention. The air flow is regulated by valves;

the schemes above are ventilation by means of mechanical draft. In the first diagram, the inlet is located at a distance of half a meter from the floor behind the stove, the outlet is as low as possible. The air rises, heats up and spreads in the upper part of the room, then cools and descends to the outlet, which houses the fan;

Scheme B - an atypical arrangement of ventilation holes in the case when they can only be placed on one wall. The air enters the room, hits the stove, heats up, rises and exits into the outlet where the fan is installed;
in scheme B, the stove is also used as a hood, and the only hole is located near the floor on the opposite wall. This scheme works well in baths in which the stove is used constantly, and is less often used in home baths;
the latter scheme provides air circulation not only in the steam room, but also under the floor. The air enters the room, heats up from the stove, descends through the cracks in the floor into the underground and exits. This allows you to well ventilate the space under the floor.

A properly equipped ventilation system will help create a unique atmosphere of a Russian bath and extend the life of the structure and finishing materials in the room. Designing ventilation is not such a simple task as it seems at first glance, but even a non-professional can figure out the basic rules and equip working ventilation in his bathhouse.

Video - ventilation scheme in the steam room

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Proper implementation of the appropriate design improves the performance of the facility and ensures a high level of safety and comfort. Properly designed ventilation will help extend the life of the building. After reading this article, you will find out if ventilation is needed in the bath, you will be able to create the necessary design with your own hands. Here you will find information about materials and individual components, installation and construction technologies. Professional advice will help eliminate errors and reduce costs.

High-quality ventilation is one of the most important components of a good bath.

To accurately determine the parameters of the project, it is necessary to clarify its intended purpose. Creating for a bath allows you to solve the following practical problems:

supply of fresh air;
combustion products, carbon dioxide, and other harmful substances are removed;
destructive processes of decay and corrosion are prevented.

Of course, the operation of this system should not worsen other consumer characteristics of the building. For example, if the intake of cold air is excessive, the cost of maintaining a high temperature will increase.

This list of actions will help you figure out how to make ventilation in such a way that you do not miss important points:

Determine the air flow path (through ducts and inside the room).
Find out how to organize ventilation in different rooms of the building.
It is necessary to take into account the combined effect of ventilation and heating, the characteristics of wall materials and other characteristics of the building.
You should find out which components and finished products are useful for creating an effective modern-level ventilation system.

How high-quality ventilation works in a bath: scheme and device, features of different rooms

For electrical wiring, a suitable cable is used that provides reliable insulation even when immersed in liquid. The switch is installed in the rest room, or in another room with a normal level of humidity.

For ventilation in the bath sink, you can use a small window or a special channel. In any case, it is necessary to configure the system in such a way as to exclude drafts. You can combine the supply parts here and in the steam room to increase the air temperature and provide ventilation for wooden flooring.

Ventilation design in the dressing room

In this room, the organization of fresh air access does not differ from a similar system in an ordinary living room. The use of natural and forced ventilation in various combinations is available. It must be remembered that hypothermia provokes the occurrence of colds and other diseases.

Note! Log houses have special features. They create comfortable temperature conditions in rooms without special technical means due to the natural micro-ventilation of the walls. For intensive ventilation, you can open doors, windows.

Related article:

In a separate publication, you will learn about the most successful layouts of baths with an extension in the form of a veranda or terrace.

How to properly ventilate the bath: differences between buildings made of different materials

In this section, the architectural features of the structure are studied in detail. Proper ventilation in the bath should not have a negative impact on the structural parts. Moreover, it creates favorable conditions for extending the service life without major repairs. In order not to make a mistake and not to take unnecessary actions, an appropriate system must be created at the design stage. An example with a concrete foundation illustrates the convenience of mounting holes using embedded parts. Their drilling in a frozen block will be accompanied by significant difficulties.

frame structure

The gaps between the frame elements are filled with mineral wool. It is covered with a polymer film to prevent moisture from entering. Outside - install lining, with painting, other finishing coatings.

Such a design can be created quickly, at minimal cost. A light structure does not need a strong foundation. The multilayer construction of the walls has a low thermal conductivity, which reduces operating costs. In order not to violate their tightness, ventilation channels in the frame bath are installed in advance, along with the installation of structural structural elements.

Note! If you use polyurethane foam boards, the cost of the project will increase slightly. But in this case no special precautions are needed. The insulating properties of these materials do not deteriorate in conditions of high humidity.

The nuances that are taken into account when equipping a log house

To correctly determine the ventilation parameters in a wooden bath, the following features must be taken into account:

Buildings made of these materials have natural ventilation. But its performance is not enough for a bath.
The supply and exhaust systems are created in such a way as to ensure the rapid removal of moisture after the completion of a session of wellness procedures.
If forced ventilation is selected, the wiring will be carried out taking into account the proximity of combustible materials. It is necessary to follow the rules of specialized standards exactly.
Treatment with anti-rotting agents and other chemicals is carried out carefully to prevent them from entering the atmosphere of the premises. It is advisable not to use potentially hazardous substances to create decorative and protective coatings in the washing and steam rooms.

Note! Such buildings are installed on a strip foundation. The base of the floor is made of concrete. In these elements, holes are created at the stage of pouring the solution.

Related article:

In a separate publication, you will find interesting ideas for finishing steam rooms and rest rooms, as well as learn the main installation steps.

Correct installation of ventilation in a brick house

Structures made of these materials are highly resistant to various types of external influences. They are able to withstand heavy loads without damage. They are not destroyed by changes in temperature and humidity, harmful insects and microorganisms. In the absence of flammability, special measures are not needed when installing power lines.

In order not to use such heavy operations, the necessary passes are made during the masonry process. For the exact performance of work, marks are made in the design documentation. At the stage of project preparation, the parameters and installation lines of electrical networks are determined.

The use of bastu for a bath: scheme, operation

This technology has been used in Sweden for hundreds of years. It provides efficient ventilation of rooms without electric drives. An additional advantage is the economical consumption of thermal energy.

The figure shows a system for two rooms. In the steam room, air is supplied to the space under the furnace. With the help of a special casing, the basic principle of the technology is implemented: “inverted glass”. The heated air stream under pressure enters the rooms. Output paths - as in the standard version, through the box, with a fence from the lower parts of the rooms. The use of bastu ventilation in a Russian bath will allow you to quickly dry the floors. Pay attention to the separate inflow installed in the rest room. With the help of a metered supply of cold / warm air, you can maintain comfortable temperature conditions at any time of the year.

Ventilation device in the bath: selection and proper use of the main components of the structure

Before proceeding to the study of individual elements, it should be noted the principles of operation of ventilation of different types:

When choosing forced ventilation, it is necessary to correctly use the appropriate electrically driven technology.

Window in the bath: where to place, what requirements apply to materials

When choosing suitable products, the climatic conditions in the region are taken into account. For the northern regions, triple-glazed windows are installed with good insulating characteristics. If plastic frames are purchased, you need to check the number of cameras.

To avoid fogging, you can use the data from the following table. The values in it correspond to the temperature outside, at which droplets of moisture condense on the inside of the glass:

Room temperature, °C	Humidity, %
	20	30	40	60	80	100
0	-20	-15	-12	-6,9	-3,1	0
5	-15,8	-11	-7,5	-2,2	1,8	4,8
10	-11,8	-6,8	-2,8	2,7	6,8	10,1
15	-7,6	-2,5	-1,4	7,4	11,7	15,8
20	-3,7	1,8	5,9	11,8	16,3	20,1
25	-0,4	6,1	10,4	16,6	21,2	24,8

When choosing an installation location, enter the dimensions of the block in the opening with the following gaps:

bottom: 40 to 60 mm;
top: 15 to 25 mm;
on the sides: from 15 to 25 mm.

It is necessary to take into account a significant change in the size of the opening in a wooden structure. To prevent damage to the frame, special damping elements are installed. In brick buildings, such precautions are not needed. The doors must be free to open. If necessary, other curtains are installed from the inside.

Note! In order to avoid damage by high temperature and to prevent deterioration of the composition of the atmosphere, windows are not installed in the steam room.

Video: do-it-yourself window installation technology in the bath

Suitable fan parameters

The forced system is installed with a large area of \u200b\u200bthe premises. It will be needed in a building made of brick, or other materials that do not allow air to pass through.

When choosing a fan for a bath, check the following parameters:

To calculate the performance, multiply by 5. The margin (20-40%) is added taking into account the characteristics of a particular room.
Cases and impellers of high-quality specialized equipment are made of polymers (composite materials) resistant to high temperatures and ultraviolet radiation.
Rubber gaskets reduce noise and the negative impact of vibrations on the integrity of the structure.
The shaft is fixed on durable ball bearings, which perform their functions fully without lubrication and other routine procedures.
All electrical components are reliably protected from moisture.
When equipped, it prevents the air from moving in the opposite direction when the appliance is turned off.

The video below explains the DIY fan installation process. This instruction can be used for the installation of equipment in the bath, bathroom, toilet.

Varieties of valves for ventilation ducts

The non-return ventilation valve for the bath does not allow cold air to pass through from the outside. Similar phenomena can occur, for example, in strong winds. The figure shows that the damper is moved by a counterweight. There are no electric drives and other complex components, which explains the relatively low cost.

Valves are selected according to different needs:

The corresponding modifications are intended for vertical or horizontal installation.
They produce special products for round and square ducts.
To increase resistance to corrosion processes, metal valves are coated with a layer of zinc.
Some models are designed specifically to work with a fan.

Installing an outlet in the bath

The optimal air flow path helps to correctly determine the installation parameters of the inlet and outlet. If the air in the bath is set at the same level, the desired effect of uniform heating will not be obtained. The stream will take the shortest path, creating a draft. It is also recommended to consider the following points when planning:

Nice, heat-resistant diffusers

Article

A visit to the bath is not only a way to get rid of week-long dirt, but also to lose extra pounds or remove toxins from the body. However, a beneficial effect on the body can only be felt with proper ventilation in the bath, which in most cases is far from ideal.

It would seem that in order to preserve heat and increase the rate of warming up the room, it is necessary to close up all the cracks, and lay a seal around the perimeter of the doorway so that the door closes tightly and does not serve as a source of cold air inflow. However, everything is exactly the opposite, since well-planned ventilation contributes to:

creating a comfortable microclimate by getting rid of excessive heat, humidity levels, as well as reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide;
rapid heating of the room due to the mixing of air masses, which is also accompanied by minimal fuel consumption;
protection of the interior finish, as well as the floor of the building, from the appearance of various kinds of mold, fungi, which contribute to the occurrence of an unpleasant odor;
high-quality ventilation of all rooms of the bath, prolonging the service life.

Thus, ventilation in the bath plays a very important role both for the safety of the bath building over a long operational period, and for health benefits. At the same time, it will not be difficult to choose the required type of ventilation system, since you will have to choose from only 2 typical systems.

Types of ventilation systems, their characteristics

Before you learn how to make ventilation in the bath, you need to familiarize yourself with the main types and types of ventilation systems.

Based on the method of air inflow / outflow, there are 2 types of ventilation systems, each of which has undeniable advantages and disadvantages.

natural ventilation

Air exchange with a natural ventilation system occurs under the influence of natural factors without the use of additional equipment in the form of fans, electric motors.

Among the natural factors of no small importance are:

Wind pressure. The influx of fresh air into the bath is carried out under the influence of the force of the wind through the cracks in the walls, in the openings of doors or windows on the windward side. In this case, the flow of air is accompanied by the simultaneous displacement of rarefied air masses through the existing slots, which accumulate inside the bath at the top of the opposite wall.

An increase in wind pressure leads to an increase in the mass of rarefied air, thereby improving the ventilation of the bath room.

Aeration. Cold air entering the heated bath through the slots at a small height from the floor or specially arranged holes gradually displaces hot air masses down, contributing to uniform heating of the room due to the mixing of air layers and the outflow of polluted air from the bath.

The benefits of natural ventilation in the bath are as follows:

security associated with the lack of devices operating from the network;
simplicity, since small gaps in the doorway or on the wall are an integral part of a wooden bath;
low cost, since there is no need to purchase additional materials, as well as pay the costs for the operation of such a system.

Among the shortcomings it is worth highlighting:

ventilation efficiency is entirely dependent on external natural factors;
inability to adjust the degree of ventilation.

Thus, natural ventilation in a wooden bath for one family is quite enough, since the tree itself is a breathable material, and cracks in the wooden structure during the drying process still take place. At the same time, for full ventilation in a brick bath, it is better to dwell on an artificial system, since the formation of gaps when using such a building material is quite rare.

mechanical ventilation

Air exchange in the bath takes place regardless of the influence of external factors of nature using various kinds of fans, pumps and other equipment that promotes renewal and faster heating of the air.

Advantages of artificial ventilation:

maintaining the microclimate in the bath at a given level;
the possibility of filtering the incoming air;
adjustment of the uniform distribution of heated air masses inside the room.

Flaws:

higher cost relative to natural ventilation;
the complexity of installation;
noise during operation;
energy costs for appliances.

The forced ventilation system in the bath, based on its inherent task, involves the use of such types of ventilation as:

1. Supply - provides access to the premises of the required volume of clean air. A typical mechanical ventilation system includes an air duct, an air intake grille, a filter, and an air valve. However, the greatest effect from the construction of forced ventilation in the bath is achieved by installing an electric fan.

2. Exhaust - contributes to the removal of exhaust air from the bath room through a system consisting of an air duct, a grate, an electric motor, and a fan.

3. Supply and exhaust - a combination of the functions of the supply and exhaust systems. In this case, the distribution of air masses inside the bath occurs by:

displacement of hot air outside the premises as a result of the gradual rise of air masses newly entering through the supply ventilation;

mixing of hot and cold air due to the constant influx of fresh air.

Regardless of the type of ventilation, the cross section of the ventilation hole should be 24 cm per 1 m³.

Thus, forced ventilation is several times higher than the natural ventilation system. Based on this, an artificial ventilation system is the most optimal solution for arranging the ventilation of a frame bath. At the same time, one should not forget that the supply and exhaust openings have a strictly ordered arrangement relative to each other, and not chaotic.

Vent placement options

The intensity of air exchange inside the bath room largely depends on the correct distribution of ventilation openings in relation to one another. Despite the variety of options for alternative arrangement of holes for air inflow / outflow, the following bath ventilation schemes have gained the most popularity:

The air flow is carried out behind the heater through an opening located at a distance of 30-40 cm from the floor level. At the same time, the exhaust opening has a similar height, but is located on the opposite wall from the air inlet and is equipped with a fan. The cold air entering the room hits the wall of the heater and rushes up, gradually warming up in the process of lifting. At the same time, the exhaust air begins to move downwards and, under the action of the fan, is discharged outside. Such mixing of air masses leads to uniform heating of the air.
The principle of air movement in the bath is similar to the first option, with the only difference that the height of the inlet is taken about 50 cm from the floor surface, and the exhaust is located at a distance of 10-20 cm from the floor line. In this way, even more intensive air exchange is achieved.
The supply opening is created at a distance of 30 cm from the finished floor in the wall opposite the stove. At the same time, the functions of the hood are performed by a chimney, along with a furnace blower. However, such a scheme is valid only during the operation of the furnace.
The distance from the floor to the inlet located in the wall opposite the stove is taken 20-30 cm. In this case, the hood equipped with a fan is located on the same wall at a distance of 20-30 cm from the ceiling. The air that has entered the room hits an obstacle in the form of a furnace and begins to rise, heating up and displacing the polluted air as it rises.
The air flow occurs at a distance of 20 cm from the floor in the wall behind the stove. The newly arrived air masses rise, gradually warming up, to the ceiling. As it cools, the air descends and leaves through the sex gaps, after which it enters the ventilation pipe, and from there outside the building.

Thus, the exhaust opening can be located below the supply opening only if there is a fan.

Several excellent ventilation schemes in the bath, the video of which is presented below, will help you make the final decision regarding your own design.

Bath ventilation device

Every year the design of the bath becomes more complicated, creating more comfortable conditions for those who like to take a steam bath or just wash in the bath. If earlier the bathhouse included a dressing room and a washing room combined with a steam room, today the bathhouse consists of 3-4 rooms:

dressing room;

washing;

steam room;

restroom.

Of course, the most important of these are the steam room and the washing room. However, the ventilation system must be arranged not only in these rooms, but also in the dressing room, as well as the rest room, since humidity also spreads to the rooms adjacent to the steam room.

steam room

For ventilation of the steam room of the bath, any of the above schemes is suitable. However, before firing the stove, it is necessary to completely ventilate the steam room by opening the door and all ventilation openings for 5-10 minutes. After the ventilation is completed, the door, as well as the exhaust openings, are closed. When the temperature in the steam room reaches the required limit, you can slowly open the exhaust outlet, adjusting the intensity of air exchange by means of a valve. In this case, the diameter of the exhaust opening cannot be less than the inlet, otherwise a reverse draft will occur, as a result of which the air flow will be reduced. However, it is necessary to ensure that the air flow does not violate the temperature regime inside the steam room.

washing

Along with the steam room, the washing room of the bath is also associated with a large amount of moisture, the timeliness of getting rid of which is very important, since mold and dampness have a detrimental effect on both the human body and the duration of the operation of the building. Due to the fact that a large amount of water accumulates under the floor, an asbestos pipe placed in the corner of the sink can be used for ventilation in the washing bath. In this case, one end of the pipe should be between the finishing and subfloor, and the second is brought out to the roof and equipped with a deflector.

If the stove is located in the washing room, then the blower of the stove, located below the finishing floor, will also play the role of a good hood.

Foundation

When planning a building, you must immediately think about the ventilation of the foundation of the bath, since the laying of ventilation holes occurs at the stage of concrete reinforcement. To create holes for ventilation, asbestos pipes are quite suitable, which are strictly horizontally fixed in the intended places by means of wire and reinforcement rods, after which the pipes are covered with dry sand. At the same time, the distance from the ground level to the pipe should be at least 10-15 cm, so that when the groundwater rises during the off-season, you should not worry about the possibility of flooding. After fixing the pipes, the foundation is poured with concrete. In this case, the sand is removed only after the concrete has completely hardened. For normal ventilation of the foundation, 2-4 holes with a diameter of 10 cm are sufficient, located in opposite places to each other. To protect against insects, the openings are protected by installing mesh grilles on the ventilation openings.

dressing room

An integral part of any bath is the dressing room, where a mini-dressing room is arranged. In addition, a stove is often placed in the dressing room. In most cases, this is due to the small area of the steam room or in order to prevent the accumulation of debris directly in the steam room. At the same time, the stove copes remarkably well with the functions of ventilation in the dressing room of the bath, because it is necessary to get rid of the condensate that appears as a result of opening the steam room door.

If there is no stove in the dressing room, then after the bath procedures, you can simply open the window or the door to the street and ventilate the room well.

An alternative ventilation option is to install an exhaust vent equipped with a fan at the top of the wall bordering the street.

Based on the specific situation, one of several options for ventilating the room is used. However, it is necessary to think through all the details of arranging the dressing room during the planning period.

Thus, it is not so difficult to build ventilation in the bath with your own hands. The main thing is to carefully approach the planning process and choose the right type of ventilation system, which largely depends on the structural features of the structure and the location of the bath.

Like any construction project, the Russian bath is being built according to the project. It is necessary to provide for the arrangement of ventilation for comfortable adoption of procedures, achieving a healing effect, and ensuring the durability of the design of the bath itself.

The specifics of air ventilation in the bath

Ventilation in a Russian bath from a bar with a heater, leaks between the stacked logs and gaps between the threshold and the door occurs naturally. You don't need to think of anything extra. Another thing is if the room is built of brick, concrete, foam block, etc. The heat-shielding functions of wood are replaced by additional thermal insulation. Although, in a bath of foam blocks, it retains heat no worse than in a wooden frame.

A modern building called a bathhouse is a zoned room, lined from the inside with the same eco-friendly wood. The Russian bath is distinguished by the generation of hot steam. Under its influence, the body releases toxins, salts, washed off with water. For a long stay in the same steam room with a large crowd of people, fresh air is needed.

Important! Proper ventilation in the bath must comply with the requirements of GOST 21.602-79 and SNiP 2.04.05-91 for heating, air conditioning and ventilation.

In particular, ensure at least two complete air replacements every hour. Moreover, this is also true during the downtime of the structure: the wet surfaces inside must dry completely, the wood does not rot, its appearance is preserved.

Ventilation in the bath and dressing room - channel layout

Thus, the ventilation device in the bath provides:

an additional source of heating for the dressing room when the air duct with hot air passes through it;
adjusting the speed of air flows (incoming and outgoing);
regulation of their movement: air must circulate from the steam room outside it, but not towards the dressing room or resting place;
correct installation of the hood (above the roof) for effective removal of vapors for any type of ventilation;
grid positioning: 0.5 m from the top layer of soil with natural air movement, at least 2 m - with mechanical ventilation;
increased air exchange efficiency with a combination of different types of ventilation.

Air exchange in different zones

dressing room

Ventilation in the dressing room when installing a stove in it is the simplest and most effective type of air exchange. Air circulates through the furnace. But the proximity of the room to the steam room leads to the deposition of condensate on surfaces: walls, ceiling. In order to preserve the wooden cladding, to prevent its decay, the dressing room is well insulated. Drafts are excluded. It is necessary to maintain the dimensions established by the norms: for 1 washable at least 1.3 sq.m. area. The simplest ventilation scheme in the bath for this room is to remove the exhaust air masses through the bathroom or washing area. But it is best to provide a forced type of air exchange in the dressing room.

Ventilation in the bath in the steam room

Complete replacement of air in the steam room should occur 3 times per hour (at least). This is due to oxygen deficiency during bathing procedures and its constant replenishment by ventilating the room. Air is sucked in from below at a height of 1.5 m from the floor directly from the street, and not from the interior. If a stove is located in the steam room, dampers that specifically regulate the flow of air, a valve for ventilation in the steam room, etc., then these are natural ways to regulate air exchange. Air exchange can also be controlled by adjusting the duct section. The movement of air streams of different temperatures depends on the places where the ventilation holes are arranged. The layout in the steam room - on the same wall, but at different heights or on opposing wall surfaces with different levels of location.

Attention! To prevent drafts, do not equip vents at the same level opposite each other.

In the best case, the arrangement of air vents is carried out as low as possible: this way heat is better retained. But for the intensity of the exchange of air masses in the steam room, it is necessary to equip forced ventilation (deflector, fan).

Determining the ventilation system in the bath

Being engaged in construction on your own, you need to know how to make ventilation in the bath so that it:

did not interfere with the rapid heating of the room;
effectively removed carbon dioxide, fuel combustion products;
provided complete ventilation in the shortest possible time.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the bath can be aeration, mechanical or combined. Depending on this, the location of the channels and their size are selected. The volume of air flow is directly proportional to the cross section of the channel. The system should be assembled even when the base is being formed. The transport air channel is available with a square or round section. In the latter case, it, like the junction box, can be made from a 100 mm plastic pipe. The outlet and inlet openings are closed with a fine-mesh insert, preventing debris and insects from entering the pipe.

Popular ventilation schemes

The supply air gap is located at the bottom on the wall opposite the stove. The blower plays the role of an exhaust hood, subject to the constant functioning of the stove during bath procedures.
Scheme with openings into the wall along the inflow and exhaust in the steam room on the same wall, but at different levels: 0.3 m from the ceiling, air removal, 0.3 m from the floor - inflow.
The same distances (30 cm each) for inflow and exhaust, but air enters the steam room immediately behind the stove, and is removed through a channel on the opposite wall.
The inflow is behind the stove (0.3 m from the floor), the exhaust with forced air removal using a fan is opposite on the wall, below at the same height.

Algorithm for the device of a system with a fan

The step-by-step installation guide for the combined version provides for increased fresh air injection with a special wide-blade fan.

To work, you will need tools: a hacksaw, a drill, three-wire wiring, etc.
A fan of rated power and performance is purchased.
In a wooden frame, a drill with a special funnel makes adjacent holes.
With the help of a hacksaw, the membranes between them are cut down, the holes are combined into one hole.
In the same way, the channel for the inlet (outlet) of air is made.
The vector of motion of the air flow is experimentally checked. For this, the holes are all clogged, the stove is heated. When the temperature in the bath exceeds +50°C, the holes open. Air flows are being studied.
Rigid wiring is laid in a waterproof corrugated sheath to power the fan using an RCD.
A fan is installed in the center of the vent. Attaches with screws.
Dampers are manufactured or purchased to prevent heat loss, reduce the heating time of the stove. Inserted into fixed skids or mounted on hinges. If the bath is located autonomously, the shutters are also hung from the side of the street.

Important! All fittings for installation work must be made of stainless material, and the fan must be made of heat-resistant polyamide that can withstand temperatures up to 130°C.

So, do you need ventilation in the bath - yes, you need it. Is it possible to arrange it yourself without the use of complex equipment - yes, quite. But, with the obligatory study of the theoretical foundations, the development of a project and the drawing up of a scheme for the production of work.

Why is ventilation needed in a Russian bath? Let's take a simple example: a person is steaming, there is hot steam around him and he breathes it. Oxygen is exhaled and carbon dioxide is constantly inhaled - and if there is no influx of fresh air in such an environment, the vacationer can simply burn out. That is, if there is no ventilation - the bath becomes simply life-threatening - which is why there are so many subtleties in the technical rules for the operation of the bath. Yes, sometimes you can hear from experienced craftsmen that ventilation in a brick bath, for example, is not needed - but this is not about the fact that fresh air is not needed in the steam room, but that sometimes natural ventilation is enough in the bath, and she doesn't need a forced one.

General rules for planning bath ventilation

The ventilation system in the bath itself has two main tasks: to deliver fresh air during the procedures and to ensure fast and high-quality drying of the bath rooms after them. And both options should be thought out and implemented.

And here is what ventilation should not do:

Violate the temperature regime of the bath with an influx of fresh air.
It is wrong to stratify temperature flows - i.e. it can be cool only near the floor, but not on the shelf where a steamed person sits.
To remove from the steam room the wrong air - not exhausted, in which there is the most carbon dioxide.

Also, the lack of fresh air will invariably lead to the appearance of an unpleasant smell in the bath - and it is difficult to get rid of it. Yes, the air filled with mold and fungus spores is not the most healing for a resting person.

In total, ventilation in the bath is provided by the following types:

Natural, when the entire air flow occurs due to the pressure difference between the street and the room.
Mechanical - when both the temperature and the air supply are monitored by devices.
Combined when pressure is artificially created using a fan.

And in the bath itself, not only inflow is needed, but also outflow - and this is already done with the help of a box, which is always located diagonally from the supply channel.

Ventilation is vital not only in a stuffy steam room - but also in the shower room, in the locker room and even in the rest room. Just initially you need to decide which of its types is suitable for a particular bath.

The floors in the bath should also be ventilated - because they are constantly in contact with water, which can lead to their destruction. If this is not done, they will have to be changed at least once every 5 years. Therefore, in order to extend their service life, it is important to do the following:

Initially, even during the laying of the foundation, it is necessary to ensure the ventilation of the floors - to make small vents on opposite sides of the basement.
It is necessary to leave two more ventilation holes near the opposite walls of the steam room - for fresh air. And so that a rodent does not accidentally enter the bath, these windows are usually closed with bars.
During the installation of the stove, it is important to make sure that the level of the finished floor is slightly higher than the blower - then it will work as a hood.
Boards should be laid so that there are gaps between them from 0.5 to 1 cm.
At the end of the bath procedures, the floors must be dried well - every time.

You can also make ventilation “according to Bast” in the bathhouse: arrange an influx of fresh air under the stove, and exhaust from the ceiling directly opposite the door in the corner. For this, a special exhaust box is used - it can be made from a board and sheathed inside with foil

Correct direction of air flow

Under the floor, the veterinary duct must be made directly right at the metal sheet - it is he who protects the floors from fire. And the size of the box itself should not exceed the diameter of the chimney by 20%. In general, such a system is good - it is easy to regulate the flow of fresh air from the street, but the unpleasant smell no longer penetrates into the steam room.

If the firebox is located directly in the steam room, then this option is the most rational. Of course, the design turns out to be more complicated - after all, two boxes already need to be installed in it: one to ensure the convection of air masses, the second - to burn firewood. And the channels themselves can be placed directly in the brick podium - if the furnace is installed.

5 popular device schemes to choose from

But the ventilation in the steam room should be thought out especially carefully - otherwise there will be no comfort from pleasant procedures. And you can provide it in different ways:

Option number 1. The inlet is located behind the stove, half a meter from the floor, while the outlet is on the opposite side, at a height of 30 cm. A fan is installed in it for forced air movement. In this option, the air warms up evenly - cool streams heat up from the furnace and go up, where they cool down and go down. There they are already brought out through the exhaust hole. And the lower it is, the stronger the air flow will be.

Option number 2. Both vents are on the same wall - opposite the stove. But the input is at the bottom, 30 cm from the floor, and the output is at the top, 30 cm from the ceiling. Here, a fan is also placed in the outlet. But the flow pattern is somewhat different: cold air enters the steam room, hits the stove, heats up and rushes up - into the hood and out.

Option number 3. In this method, the inlet is behind the stove, at a height of 20 cm from the floor, and the outlet is at the same height, but on the opposite side. And here, too, a fan is placed. The whole system is quite simple: cold air enters the steam room, passes through the stove and is pulled out with the help of a fan.

Option number 4. This option is ideal for a steam room with floors where there are gaps for water to flow out. The inlet behind the stove at a height of 30 cm from the floor, the air that has cooled down, goes down and penetrates through the floor, and then through the ventilation pipe is discharged into the street.

Option number 5. This method is for those baths where the stove is constantly working. The inlet is opposite the stove, 30 cm from the floor, and the chimney and the firebox with a blower act as an exhaust hood.

If you need to raise the temperature in the steam room or increase the amount or saturation of steam, then it will be enough to close the inlets with plugs. And after the end of the procedures - remove the plugs. And it's easier than pressing the buttons on some remote control to a complex and expensive ventilation system. This is how the ventilation of the bath is done with your own hands - nothing complicated!