China is a country that is ideal for tourist travel. Coming here is like stepping into another planet. The pristine nature and overpopulated megacities with their huge skyscrapers are so harmoniously combined here. Being the third state in the world in size, with a huge cultural history, the Celestial Empire is able to charm and amaze any traveler.
China on the world map
The lands of this country are located in East Asia, having mastered a colossal territory of 9.6 square kilometers. In addition to the mainland, the republic owns the island province of Hainan and some small islands. The shores of the countries go to the seas: Chinese (Southern and Eastern) and from the Eastern part to the Yellow. Two great rivers, the Huang He and flowing through its lands, originate in the depths of the Tibetan mountains. China has joint borders with the following states: North Korea in the North East; Russian Federation in the Northeast and Northwest; Mongolia in the North; Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Bhutan in the South; Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Nepal in the West; Kazakhstan in the North-West direction.
Maps of the People's Republic of China
The administrative division of the state has three levels: volosts, provinces and regions of autonomy. However, in fact, China considers local government to be five-level: province, district, county, township and village
- The province (city district) has 22 units, the 23rd is unofficially taken by Taiwan. The provinces also include autonomous regions of 5 units and 4 municipalities.
- District (prefecture) of the city with adjoining agricultural land.
- A county is a provincial rural unit. As of 2017, there were about 2,850 counties.
- Parish. Settlements and territories inhabited by national minorities. There are about 40,000 volosts.
- Village. Governed by a village committee and has no role in the country's executive branch.
A detailed map of China with cities and districts will tell you how they are geographically distributed.
physical map
Rich in beautiful places. Geographic will indicate the places that you like. Fans of mountain ranges will amaze the imagination of the Himalayas and Tien-Shan slopes with their amazing resorts. Mountains give way to luxurious plains, fertile lowlands to deserts. On the map you can see all the beauty of the relief, the location of reservoirs and flora.
Economy of China
A color economic map of China with cities will tell you about the concentration of the country's manufacturing and mining industries, the location of the main agricultural lands. It will show the largest financial centers, such as the capital of China, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin. It will reveal the length of the railways, which are the pride of the country.
political map
On this map, you can take a closer look at the territorial division of the state by levels of local government and population. As well as lands disputed by the Republic with other countries for the right of ownership.
Provincial China
Map of China with provinces these are impressive administrative territories. The basis of statehood and government. Special administrative districts, cities of centralized subordination, autonomous regions, provinces, all these are the largest territories of economic importance, helping the authorities to competently and reliably manage the country.
The state border between our countries took its final form in 2005, after lengthy territorial disputes that ended in favor of China. The total length is 4209 km, it has both land and water sections, on the rivers Argun, Amur and Ussuri.
If you are going to the Celestial Empire, on a tourist or business trip, you should definitely purchase a new map of China in Russian in advance. It will help you navigate and explore this amazing country more deeply.
China or the People's Republic of China is a state in East Asia. A map of China shows that the state is the world's third largest territory. The area of the country is 9,596,960 sq. km. The population of the country is 1,347,374,752 people.
Today, China is one of the world's superpowers. The PRC is the largest country in terms of population; the world's third largest space and nuclear-missile power; second in the world in terms of GDP. In addition, China has the largest army in the world.
Today, everyone has a lot of “Made in China” items in their home. China is the world's largest exporter of various goods and products. The country also leads in the production of various types of industrial products, including cars. China is often referred to as the "factory of the world".
The largest cities in the country are Beijing (capital), Shanghai, Hong Kong, Tianjin, Guangzhou and Wuhan. China is divided into 22 provinces, but claims to rule over the 23rd province - Taiwan.
The rapid development of China in the 21st century has led to a large social gap between the poor and the rich. The country's government intends to artificially halt the growth of economic development and direct all the funds received to improve the life of the peasants.
History reference
China is one of the oldest states in the world. The approximate age of the country is about 5000 years. The history of China for many millennia was conducted according to the ruling dynasties: from 2353 BC. e. until 1911. The Republic of China existed from 1912 to 1949. In 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded. Since then, the Communist Party of China has been the ruling party.
must visit
A detailed satellite map of China is replete with various historical cities and sights. It is recommended to visit the Great Wall of China, the Forbidden City, the Summer Residence and the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, the mausoleum with the terracotta army in Xi'an, the Temple of the Soul's Refuge in Hangzhou, the garden city of Suzhou, the ancient capital of Luoyang, the Temple of the Jade Buddha and the skyscraper district in Shanghai, the casino in Macau, high-altitude Hong Kong and thermal springs on the island of Hainan.
Everyone is used to using Google Maps while traveling. But there is a difficulty with China… Google is blocked in China. Without third-party software or a VPN, you won't be able to access Google. By the way, Facebook, Youtube and some other sites in China are also blocked. If without social You can live in networks, but without maps in an unfamiliar country it is very difficult :). Internet in roaming costs absolutely crazy money, so an offline map of China is an absolutely indispensable thing. At the end of the post there are links to download maps.
I downloaded a variety of cards, I bought some of them, but as a result, only 2 cards turned out to be usable:
- Offline map of China in English AutoNavi. UPD The application in English was cut out of the stores, only the Chinese app remains. If you find an old app in third-party stores, download it, it's convenient.
- Baidu Maps
- MAPS ME - convenient offline maps in English, there is an interface in Russian
I will tell you about baidu maps and how to use them in the next post, and today I will talk about AutoNavi and MAPSME maps. It is this map that is most convenient for walking and this application has a very important advantage - the application and the map are in English!
MAPSME is free offline maps.
MAPSME has maps of various countries, including maps of China. So, you will need this application for other trips as well.
The application for IOS and Android can be downloaded from the official MapsMe website: https://ru.maps.me/download/
Do not forget to download the maps of the cities you need to your phone in advance!
About Amaps Maps - the information is outdated, since the English-language application was removed from the stores, use MAPSME.
Card benefits:
- The app is free!
- Map of China, which can be used offline without an Internet connection, GPS is enough (the main thing is to download a map of the required city in advance);
- Application and map in English (Open the application, click on the gear icon, scroll down the settings window a little and see the language switcher labeled English);
- You can search for objects, the names are entered in English and all inscriptions are also displayed in English (More precisely, in Pinyin - transcriptions of hieroglyphs in Latin letters :)) ;
- On the map, you can find the designations of subway exits (In China, exits are indicated by letters: A, B, C);
- There are 3D models of houses, they are sometimes easier to navigate.
- Museums, Temples, pagodas and other interesting places (including not very famous ones) are marked on the map. The places that made the most vivid impression on me were simply found on this map “There, some kind of temple, I’ll go and see.” And there is a group of pagodas, just a couple of people on a vast territory, birds, a lake. Unfortunately, in tourist places there are a lot of people and everything is very artificial.
- A map for motorists, the route is built for the car,
- There is no indication of ground transport stops,
There are definitely more pluses than minuses. The first time I used exclusively this card. For hiking, this map is ideal.
Download Offline Map of China for IOS Auto Navi from AppStore. Or just search for "AutoNavi and select the logo with a red letter A and an arrow"
Download Offline Map of China for Android Auto Navi from Google Play. Or just search "AutoNavi and select the logo with the red letter A and an arrow."
Attention, Google Play does not work in China, so do not forget to download the application in advance :) Or use the official website to download it.
(People's Republic of China)
General information
Geographical position. China is a huge country located in Central and East Asia. In the north, China borders on the Siberian steppes, and in the south - on the tropical jungle. In the west of the country there is a vast zone of deserts and plateaus. China's coastline is over 4,000 kilometers long and spans the Yellow Sea in the north, the East China Sea in the center, and the South China Sea in the south.
Area. The territory of China occupies 9,597 sq. km.
Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of China is Beijing. The largest cities: Shanghai (9,000 thousand people), Beijing (7,200 thousand people), Tianjin (6,200 thousand people), Hong Kong (5,500 thousand people), Shenyang (5,000 thousand people). ), Wuhan (4,000 thousand people), Guangzhou (4,000 thousand people). Administrative-territorial division of the country: 22 provinces (without Taiwan), 5 autonomous regions and 3 cities of central subordination.
Political system
China is a "people's" republic. The supreme organ of state power is the National People's Congress, its permanent body is the Standing Committee. The head of state is the President of the People's Republic of China.
Relief. The relief of China is dominated by mountains. Large mountain ranges are directed from west to east, they divide the country into several climatic zones.
Geological structure and minerals. The bowels of the country contain reserves of iron ore, coal, oil, mercury, tungsten, tin, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, lead, zinc, aluminum, and uranium.
Climate. Over 70% of China's territory is located in favorable climatic conditions: 26% in temperate, 19% in warm, 26% in subtropical and 1% in tropical climates. China is located in the monsoon influence zone, but only the southwestern regions are characterized by the traditional hot and humid monsoon climate. There is little rainfall in the center of the country, a little more in the north, and a humid climate in the east compared to the western regions, where it is hot and dry for most of the year. In winter, cold air masses from Siberia create anticyclones over Asia, and at the same time, the prevailing winds bring almost no rain. In the north of the country, clear days with low temperatures and humidity are numerous in winter, but in the south, winters are moderately cold. In summer, warm and humid air from the sea collects over the eastern regions of China, where heavy rains often fall. High temperature and humidity at this time is observed throughout the country. In the north, cold and windy winters last from December to March. In Beijing at this time, the temperature does not rise above zero degrees, although it is usually dry and sunny. North of the Great Wall and in Heilongjiang, temperatures can drop to -45°C. Summer in the north lasts from May to August, the temperature can rise to +38°С and higher. July and August are the rainiest months in the eastern regions, but the west of the country is a vast desert where excess moisture is never a problem. In the central regions, including Shanghai, summers are hot and humid. In the south of the country, the hottest and wettest months last from April to September. There are often heavy showers, typhoons hit the southeast coast from July to September.
Inland waters. The largest rivers in China are the Huang He or Yellow River (4,806 km), the Yangtze or Chang, that is, the Long River (5,221 km), and the Xi, or Western River (2,097 km).
Soils and vegetation. There are about 25,000 plant species in China. The most characteristic trees are larch, cedar, oak, linden, maple, walnut, laurel, camellia, magnolia.
Animal world. In China, there are tiger, wolf, fox, kulan, goitered gazelle, camel, jerboa, squirrel, lynx, sable, leopard, hare, raccoon dog, tapir, rhinoceros, lemur, panda, monkeys, birds (more than 1,000 species), many snakes .
Population and language
In terms of population (1.2 billion people), China ranks first among the states of the world. Despite the fact that the population growth rate has slowed down in recent years, its number continues to grow. China is a multinational state. In addition to the representatives of the Han ethnic group, which make up more than 93% of the population, another 54 ethnic groups live in China. About 90% of China's long border areas are occupied by peoples who do not belong to the Han group. They occupy almost two-thirds of China's total area. The number of these 54 groups exceeds 1 million, about 25 groups live in Yunnan Province. Several million Mongols live in China, mainly along the northern borders with the Mongolian Autonomous Region, in the provinces of Gansu and Heilongjiang. About three million Tibetans currently live in their autonomous territory, in the provinces of Sichuan and Qinghai. The Uighurs belong to the Turkic group, live mainly in Xinjiang province, use the language of the Turkic group and are Muslims. About 0.5 million Kazakhs live in China, concentrated in the province of Xinjiang. There are about 75 thousand Kyrgyz in the country. The Zhuang live in the Guanxi Autonomous Region. Other ethnic groups: Miao-Yao, and (Lolo), Manchu-Jurs, Hui.
Religion
At present, the four main ancient religions of China - Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and ancestor worship - have acquired a marked similarity, but all of them have survived.
Brief historical outline
The oldest references to China date back to the time of the ruler Fu Xi, who lived 30-40 centuries BC. Supposedly the gods inspired him to write the sacred book of ancient China, the Yijing, from which came the theory that the physical universe arose and develops due to the alternation of yin and yang. Historical sources do not mention any rulers of China prior to the Shang (1766-1122 BC). The Shang rulers were overthrown by the Zhou dynasty, which first built its capital near modern Xian, and later, around 750 BC. e., fled from the barbarians invading the country and settled near the current Liaoyang. In the early period of the dynasty, power was concentrated in the hands of the emperor, but later local rulers formed almost independent states. From 770 BC e. these rulers fought fierce wars with each other, and the entire period from 476 to 221. BC e. called "Warring States". At the same time, China was being attacked by barbarians from the north and northeast. Then it was decided to build huge walls to protect the territory. In the end, the main power was concentrated in the hands of Prince Qin, whose army overthrew the ruler Zhou.
The new emperor Qin Shi-Huang-di became the founder of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC. e. He was one of the most celebrated emperors in Chinese history and was the first to unify the Chinese empire. After the death of Emperor Qin Shi-Huang-di in 210 BC. e. a struggle for power broke out between provincial governors, and the winner, Liu Bang, founded the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD). Under the Han Dynasty, China's territory expanded significantly. After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the struggle for power was launched by 3 kingdoms - Wei, Shu and Wu. After a short time, 16 provinces entered the war. In 581 BC. e. the founder of the Sui dynasty seized power and made efforts to unify the empire. Work began with the Grand Canal, connecting the lower reaches of the Yangtze with the middle reaches of the Yellow River.
After the fall of the Sui Dynasty, in the Tang Dynasty, the history of China reached its peak. It was during this period that China became the most powerful state in the world and represented the main force in East Asia. The population of Xi'an, the capital of the empire, exceeded 1 million people, culture flourished: classical painting developed, arts such as music, dance and opera, magnificent ceramics were produced, and the secret of white translucent porcelain was discovered. Confucian ethics and Buddhism dominated, there was progress in science - mainly in astronomy and geography.
Toward the end of the IX century. Invasions of neighboring peoples began on the territory of China, in addition, internal uprisings constantly broke out. In 907 the dynasty ceased to exist and was quickly replaced by five others. During this turbulent period in Chinese history, paper banknotes were introduced and the primitive printing press was invented. At the beginning of the XIII century. Genghis Khan invaded China. By 1223, his troops had captured all the lands north of the Yellow River. The Song Dynasty ended in 1279 when Khubilai took over all of China and became emperor. The Mongolian Yuan dynasty established the capital of the state in Khanbaliq, present-day Beijing. For the first time in history, all of China was ruled by foreigners, and the state became part of a vast empire that stretched to Europe and Persia in the west and encompassed the plains and steppes of Siberia in the north. The presence of foreign warriors on the lands of China and the capture of usable lands by the Mongols eventually led to the "Red Turban Rebellion" in the middle of the 14th century.
The Mongol empire began to crumble after Kublai's death in 1297, and trade routes became unsafe again. Somewhat later, the Mongols were expelled from China, and the Ming dynasty reigned first in Nanjing, and then in Beijing. At this time, architecture was actively developing, new agricultural crops were being grown, power was concentrated at the court, large sea expeditions were sent to Java, Sri Lanka and even to the Persian Gulf and Africa. The Manchus were the second foreign people to invade China, but they so quickly adapted to Chinese culture that after a few generations, few Manchus spoke their native language. The borders of the empire expanded significantly, for the first 150 years of the Manchu rule, peace and prosperity reigned in the country. At the beginning of the XIX century. European ships began to appear more and more often off the coast, tsarist Russia took possession of Siberia. Due to the "Opium Wars" (1839-1842), Shanghai and Nanking passed into the hands of the British, five ports were opened for trade, and British troops occupied Hong Kong. The Chinese were forced to import opium to support the trade. In addition, the Taiping uprising (1848-1864) led by a religious fanatic who called himself the brother of Jesus Christ posed a threat to the Manchu court. He and his followers took over a large area of China and established the Heavenly Capital at Nanjing. The attempts of the rebels to take over Beijing and the weak resistance of the Manchus prompted the British and French to seek new concessions from the emperor. The result was the Beijing Agreement, which opened additional ports to foreign traders and guaranteed extraterritorial rights and other privileges to foreigners in China. The allied troops and the Manchu army defeated the Taipings, Nanjing was recaptured. But soon the war between China and Japan (1894-1895) began, as a result of which China lost Korea, Taiwan and the Pescador Islands.
In 1900, the "Society of Just Fists" or "Boxers" invaded Beijing and attacked the quarter where foreigners lived. The siege continued for 50 days until the expeditionary forces of seven Western states and Japan arrived. The Boxers had to run. The revolutionary movement in China eventually led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. At this time, the revolutionaries in Nanjing set up their own government. Sun Yat-sen was proclaimed the first president on January 1, 1912, but not he, but General Yuan Shikai forced the Manchus to abdicate in 1912 and proclaimed China a constitutional republic. Beijing was declared the capital of the state. In the same year, Sun Yat-sen formed the Kuomintang Party, which Yuan Shikai outlawed in 1913. Yuan tried to become emperor, but his attempt failed. After his death in 1916, Japan took advantage of the internal unrest in China to seize the province of Shandong and put forward the so-called "twenty-one demands", according to which power in China passed into the hands of the Japanese. China was forced to agree to these demands, and since then this day has been considered a day of national mourning.
In 1917, China entered World War I, primarily driven by a desire to retake the lost provinces, but at the Versailles Peace Conference China's claims were rejected. In July 1921, the Chinese Communist Party was formed in Shanghai, with Mao Zedong as one of its leaders. In 1924, the Kuomintang Party, having lost the support of Western democracies, was reformed by Sun Yat-sen under the leadership of the Soviet government. With the support of the Russian communists, a revolutionary army was formed. Sun
Yat-sen died in 1925, and the national government of Guangzhou was headed by Chiang Kai-shek. The Nationalist troops moved north, seizing province after province, and in 1927 reached Shanghai. In April 1927, after the massacre of members of the Communist Party, a provisional nationalist government was established in Nanjing, which the Western powers recognized in 1928. Chiang Kai-shek became the country's president. For almost 10 years, Chiang Kai-shek tried to restore political unity throughout the country, but faced strong opposition. In 1931, Japan captured Manchuria, and by 1933 troops were approaching the outskirts of Beijing.
By 1935, Mao Zedong proclaimed himself the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. Within six months, a full-scale invasion of China by Japanese troops began, and by October 1938, the Japanese army controlled all the eastern provinces from Manchuria to Guangdong. Puppet governments were set up in Peking and Nanjing. Kuomintang troops retreated to Chongqing, the Communists occupied Shaanxi province, leading a guerrilla war in the occupied territories. In 1945, after the defeat of the Japanese army in the Pacific region, the Japanese troops in China surrendered. The army of Chiang Kai-shek, with the help of the US Air Force, captured the remnants of the Japanese troops and thereby gained control over the main strategic points of the territory occupied by the Japanese. In 1949, a civil war broke out in China. Using the same tactics of guerrilla warfare that they mastered during the occupation, by 1948 the communists had captured almost all the northern lands, and in January 1949 they took Beijing. Chiang Kai-shek's troops fled to Taiwan.
On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the formation of the People's Republic of China. The first actions of the new government were aimed at restoring the economy and creating socialist institutions. The Soviet Union helped the Chinese in this under the Soviet-Chinese Friendship Pact concluded in February 1950. Soviet specialists arrived in the country, China received the equipment necessary to restore the economy. In October 1950, China entered the Korean War. At the same time, agrarian reforms were introduced in the country to ensure a more equitable distribution of land, but they were accompanied by the execution of former landowners and wealthy peasants. In addition, measures were taken against political and economic corruption. In 1953, the first five-year plan was adopted, an attempt to develop the Chinese economy along the Soviet model, which emphasized the development of heavy industry. The land given to the peasants under the land reform was taken back in the process of creating collective farms. In the 1960s, a break in relations between China and the USSR began. All Soviet specialists were recalled, assistance programs ceased. In 1962, the authorities were forced to transform the communes into more efficient small farms. In the same year, clashes on the border with India turned into a war. Two years later, an atomic bomb was detonated in China.
In 1966, the Hongweiping movement began, covering all of China. When the uprising was subdued in 1968, Mao was back in power. In 1969, there were serious clashes between the border troops of China and the USSR on the Ussuri River. In 1971, Mao's successor Lin Biao tried to enlist the support of the army and stage a coup, but was defeated and killed on the border with Mongolia while trying to flee to the USSR. A year later, US President R. Nixon visited China to conclude a communiqué, according to which the US recognized China's right to Taiwan as an inalienable part of the country. In 1976, Prime Minister Zhou Enlai died, and a short time later, radical circles in the party launched a violent campaign against his likely successor, Deng Xiaoping, who was removed from all posts in April. In July, China was hit by a massive earthquake in Tianyan, near Beijing, that killed at least 240,000 people and caused massive damage to one of the country's major industrial zones. Mao died in September. In 1977, Deng Xiaoping was reinstated to all posts and led a faction of moderates who were trying to advance along the path of economic development and reform. China began work on the "four modernization" program, which was to strengthen industry, agriculture, science and defense. In 1980, there was criticism of the actions of Mao Zedong and his serious mistakes in the last years of his reign. On June 3, 1989, troops were sent to disperse student demonstrations. Hundreds of people died and thousands were arrested. Zhao Ziyang was removed from the post of general secretary. In 1994, official control over currency exchange was abolished in China, and the yuan gained a firm exchange rate.
Brief economic essay
China is an agro-industrial country. The basis of the fuel and energy base is coal. Smelting of steel, non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, tin, antimony). Manufacture of cement, mineral fertilizers. Diversified mechanical engineering (machine tool building, agricultural and transport engineering, tractor, auto, aircraft and ship building, production of electric power and other industrial equipment, electronic products, devices, as well as bicycles, sewing machines, watches). The main industry is the textile industry (cotton, silk, woolen fabrics). About half of all industrial output is produced by small and handicraft enterprises. Traditional crafts (art items made of bone, silk, enamel, lacquer, porcelain and faience, embroidery). Crops of food (rice, wheat, sweet potato, potatoes), and industrial (cotton, soybeans, peanuts, tea, tobacco, jute, sugar cane, sugar beet) crops. Vegetable growing. Fruit growing. Viticulture. Cultivation of cattle, pigs, sheep. Fishing, seafood production. Fish farming. Collection of wild fruits and medicinal herbs. Wood harvesting. Export: textile raw materials, products of the electronic and textile industries, mechanical engineering.
Monetary unit - yuan.
A Brief Outline of Culture
Art and architecture. Three thousand years ago, two cultures existed in China, known mainly from preserved pottery and called yangshao (“painted pottery”) and longshan (“unpainted pottery”). Traces of the Yangshao culture were discovered during excavations in the village of He-nan. The ceramics of this period are characterized by red or black geometric ornaments applied to the fired product. The development of the Longshan culture took much longer; the manufacture of ceramics was carried out using a potter's wheel, and therefore the walls of the vessels were much thinner. A distinctive feature of the Longshan is black vessels, the shape of which was reflected in the early bronze products of the Shang era. In the "epoch of warring kingdoms", lacquerware first appeared. The most famous examples of painting, sculpture, lacquer and carving
from the Han Dynasty were discovered in the Han burial ground in Changsha - they are exhibited in the Changsha Museum. By the end of the Han Dynasty, the first samples of celadon, one of the types of Chinese porcelain, appeared. The Tang Dynasty saw the beginning of a golden age of painting, music, poetry and the art of calligraphy. The tradition of art was largely preserved during the Song Dynasty. Jingdezhen, in the north of Jiangxi Province, became the capital of porcelain manufacture. Of the fine arts of China, calligraphy deserves special attention, which the Chinese place above almost all other arts. The first masters of calligraphy appeared in the period from the 3rd to the 6th centuries. n. e., their traditions survived until the Qing Dynasty. Using a brush made of animal hair dipped in ink from the ashes of a special kind of wood, calligraphers wrote Chinese characters on paper with careless and graceful movements. This skill combined art and science. Chinese painting was a philosophical work, an attempt to study the meaning of nature and the place of man in it. The artists made no attempt to accurately reproduce the combination of colors or perspective. Each artist had a distinctive style. Chinese artists never drew from life, the result of their work reflected the inner world of the artist himself and his character.
Beijing. Among the many attractions of the capital are the Forbidden City-palace complex, which now houses a museum, the mausoleum of Mao Zedong, the Museum of the Chinese Revolution, the National Gallery, the Temple of Heaven (XV century), the tombs of the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, the famous alley of animals leads to them, along which there are marble lions, elephants, camels, horses; within the boundaries of the city is part of the Great Wall of China. Shanghai. Museum of Art and History with one of the finest art collections in China; Museum of Natural Sciences; Yu's mandarin garden, laid out in the 16th century; the Purple Autumn Cloud Garden, established in the Ming Dynasty; Temple of the Jade Buddha. Guangzhou. One of the main zoos in the country; Guangzhou Museum; mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen; Zhenhai Pagoda, built during the Ming Dynasty; Temple of the Six Fig Trees; the oldest mosque in China Huaiseng, founded in 627 Lhasa. Many Buddhist monasteries and temples; The Patala Palace, the residence of the Dalai Lama, was built in the 17th century. Xi'an. Not far from this city, in the province of Shaanxi, is the tomb of the emperor of the Qin dynasty, who died in 210 BC. e. In the tomb, among other things, an army of 6 thousand soldiers and horses made of clay, molded in full size, was buried.
The science. Qin Jiushao (XIII century) - mathematician, author of the essay "Nine Books on Mathematics", which contains information on number theory and the solution of algebraic equations of higher degrees.
Literature. During the Song Dynasty, the first theater appeared, in which the actors performed their monologues on a square stage, fenced with railings on all sides. Chinese poetry has a history that has developed over several thousand years. Early Chinese poems were included in the "Book of Songs" - "Yijing". They were performed to the accompaniment of musical instruments. Another direction of Chinese classical poetry was founded by Jiu Yuan, who lived in the 4th century BC. BC e. One of the earliest works on Chinese history is considered to be the Annals of Spring and Autumn, which outlines the history of the kingdom of Liu in the period from 722 to 481. BC e. Lu Xun (1881-1936) - the founder of modern Chinese literature (collections of stories are marked by the influence of A.P. Chekhov and M. Gorky; the story "The True History of Ah Q" is an image of the tragedy of the "little man"; poetry, journalism, translations).