Formation of a garden in a summer cottage. Orchard (35 photos): site requirements, garden planning, site preparation and tree planting. Layout arrangement of a small suburban area

A rare owner of a private house prefers not to plant fruit trees on his plot. Everyone usually wants to have a fruit garden - in spring, trees delight with beautiful flowering and aroma, and fruits and berries from your own garden always seem much tastier than those bought in a store or on the market, in addition, you know that these are environmentally friendly products. In the art of Feng Shui, the image of a blossoming orchard is a symbol of abundance and prosperity. The layout of the garden is a responsible matter, on how correctly you plant the trees, their growth and ability to bear fruit will depend on it, so you need to pay great attention to this task.

If you want to grow vegetables in your garden as well, the layout of the garden should be considered as a whole. It is better to allocate a place for beds at the southern border, from north to south, so it is better for crops growing in the middle lane. Some gardeners recommend placing beds from east to west. Behind the vegetable and strawberry (strawberry) beds are fruit bushes - currants, gooseberries. Trees are planted behind the shrub, light shade from the trees will not hurt the berry shrubs, and vegetable beds should be in the sun.

An example of the design of vegetable beds - they do not have to be square or rectangular, the original beds resemble flower beds

Before proceeding with garden planning, the following important factors must be taken into account:

What size is the area can be allocated under a fruit garden. For trees with spreading crowns, a distance of 4 square meters is required.
Terrain. For a fruit orchard, a flat terrain or a gentle slope will be ideal, cold air and excess moisture are trapped in the basins, these areas are unfavorable for fruit trees.
Soil analysis of your site. Fruit crops have a strong root system, soils must be fertile to provide good nutrition. Rocky, clay, sandy soil for the garden is not suitable. The proximity of groundwater negatively affects tree growth.
The presence of heat and light. For most fruit trees, it is important that there is plenty of light and heat, in the shade they grow and bear fruit much worse. It should be said about the area with a constant strong wind - the wind interferes with normal pollination, dries the soil, often damages the crop and breaks the branches of trees. High winds or green spaces can partially protect against winds.

Planning begins with a diagram on paper. If there is already a house on the site, you need to start planning from it. The scale of the plot, the contours of the house and other buildings, as well as the places where the trees already grow, are applied to the paper.

Trees that have already grown enough to protect this area are protected from the wind.

If the site has not yet been built up, the place for building the house is applied to the scheme. The layout of the garden on the site suggests the presence of a front garden. The house should face the street, in front of it remains a strip of land for the front garden. Its size depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe site - for someone it is only a meter, for someone it is 6-8 meters. In a small front garden, flowers, raspberries and berry bushes are usually planted; in a large garden, ornamental trees, flowers or several fruit trees are planted at the discretion of the owners.

To large fruit trees - apple trees, pears, take a place in the northeast side of the site, between them and fruit and berry bushes - a place for smaller trees - cherries, plums.

An example of the layout of a garden and a kitchen garden - the plot is divided into two parts. In the first - a house surrounded by a front garden and garden beds with vegetables, the second half - a fruit garden with trees planted in rows

In general, it will be convenient to draw a plan of the site, put on it all the available buildings, the estimated location of the garden and vegetable garden. On the site, you need to mark the pits for planting trees. Try to plant trees at a distance so that they do not obscure each other as they grow. Heap-growing bushes and trees in the garden grow poorly, in addition, conditions for diseases of garden crops are created. In fruit trees, the root system is powerful, it should develop freely.

Tip. If your site is overgrown with wild shrubs, there are stumps on it that need to be uprooted, do the necessary work and burn the woody remains. Collect ash in a dry place, it will come in handy when creating fertile beds.

Usually, the layout of the orchard involves planting trees in such a way that they do not obscure the neighbors' plots, but there are frequent cases when the tree grows near the fence itself, providing fruits for both the owners and neighbors, while no one has any complaints.

Today it is fashionable to give the beds an original form, for example, a garden pizza. The highlight is that from the round beds in the center, the rest diverge like slices of pizza, forming a circle

Near the borders of the plot, raspberries, blackberries or berry bushes are usually planted, which also bear fruit well when shaded.

Landscaping and regular layouts

Below are examples of garden layout for lovers of order and clarity of forms and for those who like when plants in the fruit garden are planted also according to the scheme, but give the impression of natural zones.

Landscaping involves the arrangement of trees and other crops in a free order, close to natural. In such a garden, in addition to fruit crops, decorative ones are also widely used.

An example of a free garden layout is vegetable beds on the left and top, fruit trees are planted in groups in the center and on the right.

With a regular layout, trees and shrubs, as well as vegetables in the garden, are planted in strict rows at the same distance. The landing pattern also has a strict geometric shape - a square for sections whose length and width are almost equal, and a rectangle for sections whose length is much larger than the width.

An example of a regular layout of a garden with a garden is a clear geometry, the site is divided into regular squares, rectangles, plants are planted in rows

Where are the best crops to plant?

These are trees and shrubs that grow well and bear fruit in your latitudes. For the middle zone, these are pears, apple trees (it is desirable to plant several trees of different varieties), different varieties of plums and cherry plum, cherries. Cherries and apricots will ripen in warm latitudes. Berry bushes - all varieties of currants, gooseberries, blackberries, raspberries. With a small area of \u200b\u200bthe site, shrubs are conveniently located around the perimeter.

If you plant several apple trees, among which there will be summer, autumn and winter apple trees, the fruits will delight you at different times of the year

An example of an interesting garden layout - paths diverge from a square of plates in the center, between which there are beds, different crops are planted on each of the beds. Convenient to any of them

On vegetable beds nearby you need to plant crops that grow well in close proximity to each other:

cabbage, cucumbers, peas;
white cabbage, dill, potatoes, onions, lettuce, celery;
tomatoes, peas, carrots;
horseradish, potatoes, beans, onions, cabbage.

When you draw a diagram, decide which plants to plant and in what quantity, you can start marking the garden on the ground, buy seedlings and prepare the soil.

Happy owners of their own land, whether it is a summer house or a private house, almost immediately encounter the problem of competent zoning of the territory. Now there are a lot of specialists in landscape design, but our man closer to the layout of the garden with his own hands. A house, a garden and a kitchen garden are your own, and here it is important to initially take into account all the nuances, because it will be difficult or impossible to remake it.

Common types of planning

Advice: in the vast majority of cases, when designing a standard garden and a garden with their own hands, experts adhere to the proportions according to which 10% of the territory is occupied by residential buildings, 15% take away a recreation area and outbuildings, 75% are given to plants.

Despite the apparent diversity, the layout of the garden can be done in four main ways.

The most common is a rectilinear or parallel-perpendicular option. They choose him not because he has any special beauty, but rather because it is easier. Plus, this arrangement is subconsciously associated with order.

Important: parallel-perpendicular forms, in terms of landscape design, create the effect of reducing space.
Therefore, in this way, planning of a garden plot of 10 acres or more can be carried out.

The exact opposite is the circular arrangement option. We will say right away that this is a rather specific method, and it requires certain knowledge in landscape design. It is possible to enter a fruit garden and flower beds in this way, but it will be more difficult with a garden.
The diagonal arrangement can be called universal to some extent.. Thus, it can be performed as a layout of a garden plot of 15 acres or more. So the arrangement on the standard six hundredths. The diagonal orientation creates a visual volume and at the same time makes it possible to easily arrange with your own hands the arrangement of various zones on the site.
The fourth option can be called creative. There are no specific laws, as a rule, it is a symbiosis of several of the types described above. Most often it is used in areas with incorrect configuration and broken lines of the perimeter.

Tip: before starting your project, you must draw it on paper.
If you have purchased a finished plot on which there are already some buildings and plantings that you do not plan to clean, they should be noted first of all and then proceed from the resulting picture.

Laws of rational distribution

Of course, it’s much easier to plan the location of buildings, a garden and a kitchen garden on 10 acres, this is the same critical quadrature where such landscape delights as an open pond or a separate playground will already be appropriate. But owners of smaller plots also should not be upset, with a competent approach, you can make a masterpiece from any territory.

In any project, the house is the main object, attention is paid to it in the first place, so you should start with it. The approach here can be twofold, depending on the general orientation.

If the site is equipped with the aim of growing a good harvest and in the future it should be surrounded by fruit trees and a rich garden, then the buildings should be located on the outskirts. Moreover, from the north or north-west side, so as not to block the sun to plants.

In the territory intended exclusively for rest, with lawns and flower beds, it is more reasonable to arrange housing in the center or closer to the front part. Outbuildings, in both cases, it is recommended to hide in the depths of the territory, if this is not possible, then they should be decorated on a shrub or vineyard.

It is better to have a recreation area with barbecue and appropriate furniture closer to the house, in small areas it is appropriate to make a covered terrace adjacent to the house, in large areas you can equip a gazebo. So it will be more convenient to bring the necessary communications. But, of course, such a zone should be hidden from prying eyes.

If you want to regularly receive good crops and enjoy the beauty of your flower gardens all season, then all green spaces should receive as much sunlight as possible. Do-it-yourself layout scheme of the orchard and garden is also of great importance, because the price of improper planting is the lack of harvest.

Arrangement of a fruit garden

Suppose that all the agony of creativity associated with the arrangement of various zones in your country house or in a private household, is already behind us and it is time for the purchase of seedlings. The most common mistake of young owners is the desire to plant everything and more.

But do not forget that fertile land is not dimensionless and that on one hundred square meters it can fit no more than 7 tall, fruit-bearing trees.

With a low or flat planting, it is possible to accommodate up to 15 healthy trees and at the same time there will still be room for a small vineyard and shrubs. In this case, it is much better to plant less than to invest in high-quality seedlings, the price of which can be rather high, and uproot trees after a couple of seasons, because they poorly develop and interfere with the growth of neighboring plantings.

Review your list.

Think about whether you really need all the plants that you plan to plant.

Sea buckthorn is certainly useful, but after the first harvest, interest in it drops sharply. Intensive growth, thorns and problematic collection, quickly discourage the hunt to grow it, it is easier to buy 1 - 2 banks in the market.
Cultivated undersized walnuts are rare, in 80% of cases you will be sold ordinary. Its crown will cover a large territory, and the roots are able to tear out a light strip foundation. It is appropriate in large areas or next to a major cottage, creating a shadow over the barbecue area.
Hazelnuts take a quarter of a hundred and give a lot of growth.
Viburnum alone is enough, it is better to plant it on the outskirts, near the fence. The plant is unpretentious and normally tolerates shade.
Chokeberry or chokeberry, a big lover. The fruits are good for pressure relief, but this plant loves the sun.

Any plant reaches for light, and until it reaches its goal, it will not bear fruit normally. Therefore, planting a seedling in a deliberately shaded area, you thereby doom yourself to a lack of harvest, and the plant to eternal struggle. In this case, even the best, grafted seedlings will not save you.

The size of the shadow is about half the height of the tree. An area where there is no sun for half a day or more is considered conditionally shaded. But do not worry, you can place tracks, design elements or flower beds in these places.

Important: trees planted near high walls will “shy away” from them, they will need to be molded.
The only exception is the southern direction.

If the goal is a large harvest, then it is better to form trees with a height of not more than 2 m, in some cases, the height can reach 4 m. A comfortable distance between the trunks should be two tree heights, in other words, between two-meter plants should be at least 4 m.

Try to arrange the lines of trees, trellises of vineyards and rows of shrubs from north to south. Thus, you get an additional possibility of planting between rows of tall plants and undersized crops, the sun is enough for everyone.

A few words about the garden

In the garden, ease of movement is important. The comfortable size of the tracks is at least 40 cm. It should be convenient not only to walk on them, but also to import fertilizers or to harvest.

Based on many years of experience, we can safely say that the parallel-perpendicular arrangement of the tracks, in this case, is inconvenient. You will constantly stumble on right angles, and scold sharp turns.

The law works on vegetable beds, the shorter the path, the better. Therefore, feel free to combine diagonals, semicircles or any other configurations that are convenient for you.

The width of the beds can be different, but a good bed should be raised to a height of about 20 - 30 cm and edged with a border. The internal space, at the same time, is completely filled with fruitful, fertilized soil.

Cabbage, root crops and some bushy bean like beds at least 1 meter wide. Beds for wicker beans, tall leafy tomatoes, cucumbers or melons can be made at 60 cm.

Mutual love or hostility of cultures should also be considered.

Rhubarb, sorrel, perennial onions and horseradish are recommended to be planted separately from the general array.
A variety of greens, such as dill, parsley, spinach, sleeves and other lettuce, will find its place between the main beds.
Cabbage does not tolerate neighborhood with tomatoes, strawberries, onions or potatoes. Onions negatively relate to legumes or turnips. Cucumbers do not need to be combined with tomatoes, rhubarb or carrots.
If we talk about a favorable combination, then legumes, corn and sorrel coexist perfectly with zucchini. Tomatoes love to grow next to parsley, beans, carrots or onions.

Important: do not forget about crop rotation.
Related plants should not be planted in one place for more than 3 years, after which redevelopment should be carried out.
Otherwise, land depletion may occur.

The video in this article reveals some of the secrets of landscape design and do-it-yourself garden planning.

Output

The layout of the garden and the vegetable garden on 15 acres belongs to the category of layout of large territories. In contrast to the miniature 6 acres, there is already where to go for a creative thought. But we do not advise you to neglect the above recommendations, it can take a lot of time to fix errors.

In order to grow a garden from fruit trees in your own area, you need to not only decide on the place and plants, but also take into account the main nuances, such as the planting pattern, pit size, planting and care of seedlings, which will be discussed in this article.

Garden layout

When a place was chosen for planting seedlings, it is important to determine the scheme for planting them. It is recommended to plant trees according to four schemes, which have their own characteristics of plant arrangement, which make it possible to simplify the process of caring for seedlings and get a plentiful harvest.

The most common scheme for planting is quadratic: it allows you to create convenient conditions for caring for the garden. According to this scheme, trees are planted in even rows. The distance between the trees depends on their type and variety.

Important! It is also necessary to take into account the planting pattern in order to rationally use the space, therefore it is better to arrange trees in a quadratic pattern on a square plot.

If dwarf varieties were chosen, the optimal distance between rows would be 4 m, 2.5 m should be left between trees. Classical species that were grafted on a wild stock should be planted at least 3.5 m apart, between in rows - 5 m. Tall and vigorous species should be at a distance of 4 m, 6 m between rows.

The quadratic planting scheme is suitable for trees that are not demanding on lighting, normally tolerate the partial shade created by adjacent rows. Usually apple trees of different varieties, some varieties of pears are planted like this.

Chess

The chess scheme is very similar to the quadratic one, only in each square between four trees one more tree is planted. The scheme is more dense, therefore, suitable for planting medium-sized plants with a small crown. If the garden is located on a slope, then the chess scheme will be the best option for planting trees to reduce soil erosion by rainfall.
A chess planting method allows trees to receive the maximum amount of light, therefore it is suitable for photophilous plants - plums, apricots, peaches, as well as for apple trees and pears. The distance between the trees should be 4 m, between the rows it is better to leave 5 m.

Planting trees in a triangular pattern is characterized by a denser arrangement of plants having a large crown. According to the triangular pattern, all trees will be equidistant, which will allow planting 15% more plants than the quadratic pattern.

To find out the optimal distance between plants, you must follow the rule of doubling the maximum width of the crown of an adult tree. For example, if the crown is 4 m wide, then there should be a distance of at least 8 m between the plants on all sides.
Thanks to the triangular planting pattern, plants can receive the maximum amount of light. For planting, this scheme is suitable for cherry, apple, pear, plum, apricot, peach.

Horizontal layout

A horizontal planting pattern is applied when trees are located on a hilly area. In this case, plants are planted in horizontal lines, which allows to reduce soil erosion processes and to successfully grow seedlings in uneven areas. For fruit plantations, choose an elevated territory, preferably in the south of the site. Plant fruit trees in such a way that the maximum height of the trunks is directed to the north.
Due to this arrangement, plants are provided with the greatest amount of light. The distance between them in this case should be at least 3 meters, between the rows - at least 5. Any fruit trees are suitable for planting in a horizontal way.

Garden planting

When the planting pattern has been determined, it is necessary to proceed with the selection and purchase of seedlings, which will then be rooted in the site.

Fruit crop selection

In order for the plants to bear fruit well, you need to be able to choose them correctly. Therefore, pay attention to the recommended growing region, soil and other conditions. There are special varieties that have been bred for each region: they easily tolerate frosty winters, different types of soils, are less sensitive to adverse weather conditions. Consider the main recommendations for planting trees that feel normal in mid-latitudes.

The most popular fruit plant in the middle latitudes is the apple tree. This culture is photophilous, therefore it is better to plant it in a well-lit area. The apple tree can grow on gray forest, sod-podzolic soils, chernozems, which are distinguished by a light mechanical composition with a neutral or slightly acid reaction. The tree does not tolerate excess moisture, so plant it on small hills, in an area with a deep groundwater table - at least 1.5 m in depth.

Did you know? Apple orchards in the world cover 5 million hectares, and every third fruit tree in the world is an apple tree.

It is recommended to plant a pear on the south side of the site, since areas with severe winters often cause freezing of trees. The site must be selected well protected from the wind, which is especially important in the winter. The pear grows well on moist soils, groundwater should be no closer than 1 m to the soil surface. The ideal soil for the pear is loamy, sandy loam or slightly podzolic.
Cherry prefers warmer regions with plenty of sunlight and heat. Sapling is not recommended to be planted in the lowlands, since cherries are poor in winter hardiness and often freeze out. The territory must be selected well-ventilated - in this way many tree diseases can be avoided. As for the soil, cherry prefers fertile soils with a light mechanical composition, characterized by high air permeability. Cherries are planted on light and medium loams, which allows you to get the maximum yield.

Plum also prefers well-lit areas, therefore it is necessary to plant seedlings on the southern side of the site, on moist clay soil with a thick fertile layer and a neutral reaction. Plum also grows normally in the northern regions, but subject to compliance with the basic recommendations for planting and caring for the plant. Apricots grow well in mid-latitudes and subtropics in the most lit areas with a lot of sunlight and heat. Apricot trees need to be well protected from the north winds: they can be located on the slopes and in places that are inaccessible to cold air.
It is better to plant a tree on light, well-drained soils. Peaches are planted in southern regions with a lot of heat and sunlight, because they are unstable to severe frosts that damage fruit buds. Peaches grow well on light loam with high air permeability and drainage, a quality condition against wind is a prerequisite.

How to choose and buy seedlings

It is important not only to choose the right place for planting seedlings, but also the planting material itself, in order to ensure good survival of the tree and get stable high yields in the future.

Important! It is preferable to buy seedlings in nurseries, avoiding markets and other dubious places.

First of all, you need to pay attention to the age of the tree: it is optimal to acquire planting material of two years old, older trees have a low survival rate. Look carefully at the root system of seedlings - it should be healthy, contain, in addition to skeletal, numerous growing roots. Do not buy trees that have knots, bulges, growths, growths, nodules, or other dubious formations on the roots.
The minimum number of skeletal roots for a two-year-old seedling is 3, it is preferable to choose seedlings that contain more than 3. Do not buy trees that have gross mechanical damage to the roots created during improper digging. The height of a two-year-old seedling should be at least 1.5 meters; healthy trees contain three side branches that are evenly distributed along the trunk. The bark should be smooth, not have any scratches, cracks.

Did you know? There is an interesting method for determining the duration of storage of a dug tree: it is necessary to hold the tree branch between the thumb and forefinger, and if the seedling is fresh, then light cooling will come from the tree, and if the seedling is dried out– you will feel warm.

Landing pit preparation

Depending on the type of fruit tree, the landing pit is prepared in different sizes and shapes, but for almost all trees, round pits with steep walls are best suited to ensure the normal development of the root system. The size of the pit dug on cultivated soil with a deep fertile layer should be about 70 cm in diameter and 70 cm in depth.

If the tree will be planted in the territory being first developed, the pit size will increase three times, since it will need to make a sufficient amount of the nutrient mixture, which in the future will serve as a reservoir of substances necessary for the normal development of the young seedling. Heavy clay and sandy soils involve digging a hole in the amount of 1 m in diameter and 1 m in depth. Experienced gardeners advise digging wider and less deep holes in clay dense soil, so that the water does not stagnate in their lower layers - this will have a detrimental effect on the roots of plants.
If the planting will be carried out in the spring, then the pits must be dug in the autumn of the previous year, if the planting will be made in the fall, then the hole is dug in May-June. This is necessary so that the fertilizers that were introduced into the soil mix well and mature, that is, form the necessary microbiological environment.

Tree Planting Rules

Depending on the type of fruit tree, there are standards for the size of the pit, planting time and other nuances that need to be considered:

Apple trees often planted in the spring, if the seedling is not older than 2 years, so that over the summer the tree has taken root, grown up and normally tolerated wintering. Spring planting should take place in early May - late April, when the soil has already thawed and warmed up a bit. If the seedling will be planted in the spring, then the pit can be prepared a week before planting. The size of the pit will depend on the soil: if it is quite fertile, then 60 cm in depth and diameter will be sufficient, if the soil is poor, then the depth should be at least 70 cm and diameter 80 cm. Seedlings 3-4 years old can be planted in autumn , since already a strong tree is not afraid of winter frosts. Planting is best done in early October, so that before the winter the roots have time to strengthen. In autumn, it is recommended to plant young trees in the southern regions with fertile soil. A pit is dug of the same size as in the case of planting in the spring, but it is prepared a month before landing.
Pear can be planted both in spring and autumn. Spring planting (in late April) eliminates the possibility of death of the tree from frost. It is better to prepare the pit in advance, in the fall of the previous year. During this time, the soil will subside, and after planting a seedling, the root neck will not deepen much, which guarantees normal survival of the plant. The pit should be about a meter wide, and about 50 cm deep. If the soil is poor, then the pit is dug deeper and filled with several buckets of fertile soil. As in the case of the apple tree, the pear is planted in the autumn in the southern regions, which allows the seedling to take root normally. In addition, the pear that was planted in the fall and survived the wintering will be stronger and more resistant to future frosts. It is better to dig a hole in spring, the size of the hole in depth is 50 cm, diameter - 1 m, and land in the early days of October.
Apricot in the spring it is recommended to plant before the buds are awakened on the seedling - in mid-April. The pit is prepared in the fall, its minimum size is 70 cm in depth and 70 cm in diameter. Preparation of the pit for autumn landing should be carried out in a month, or even two. A width of 1 m is required, and a depth of 80 cm. The beginning of October is considered the best time for landing.
Cherry often planted in spring (end of April), especially in the middle lane and northern regions, since over the summer the seedling grows, becomes stronger and tolerates wintering normally. The pit should be dug in advance, preferably in the fall, its depth should be at least 50 cm, diameter - 80 cm. In autumn, cherry planting is practiced only in the southern regions, sometimes in the middle lane. The optimal time for planting is the end of September, so that before the first frost hits, the tree grows stronger. The pit is prepared in the spring, the size is the same as in the case of landing in the spring.
Peach is a heat-loving plant, therefore, even in the southern regions, planting is carried out in the spring (late April). The pit is prepared in advance, best of all in the fall, the size of the pit should be at least 70 cm in depth and 1 m in diameter.
prefers spring planting in the middle lane and in the northern regions, in the southern regions most often planted seedlings in the autumn. In the spring, plum is planted at the end of April in a prepared hole. It is better to cook the pit in the fall, add organic fertilizers to it, which for a sufficiently long period of time will re-cross and create ideal conditions for the young seedling. The pit should be at least 60 cm deep and 70 cm wide, and more can be. In autumn, at the beginning of October, a plum planted in a pit, which was dug in the spring and fertilized with organic matter, the size of the pit is 60x70 cm.

Did you know?Unlike other fruit trees, plums cannot be found in nature in the wild. Plum was obtained as a result of crossing the blackthorn and cherry plum more than 2 thousand years ago.

How to care for newly planted trees

When seedlings are planted in the soil, the first time you should pay special attention to regular watering. Frequency of watering depends on weather conditions and regularity of precipitation. The minimum amount of water that needs to be poured under one tree is 20 liters at a time. Watering is necessary 1 time in 2-4 weeks. It is recommended to check the soil for moisture with a stick: if the soil surface has dried out by 20 cm - it's time to water the seedling.

The place around the seedling should be mulled - this is necessary in order to create a favorable environment for the root system, retain moisture in the summer, slow down the growth of weed vegetation. Mulch is poured with a sufficiently thick layer (15 cm) at a distance of 1-2 meters from the trunk - use wood sawdust, straw. The roundabout circle is regularly loosened and rid of weeds. It is especially important to loosen the soil after irrigation, when its compaction occurs from water. Loosening is carried out to a depth of not more than 5 cm, so as not to damage the young roots.
Be sure to warm the young tree for the winter so that it normally tolerates frosts. Insulation of the trunk will also help protect the bark from attacks by rodents that gnaw it in the winter, which leads to the death of the seedling. The procedure is carried out in early November, tying the lower part of the trunk with spruce branches at least 70 cm in height. Whitewashing of trees is done 2 times a year - in autumn and spring. Autumn whitewashing is done on a sunny, not rainy day at the end of September, and spring whitewashing should be carried out in the period of slight frosts, when the first insects have not yet appeared.

Layout of a garden and kitchen garden will help to solve many problems for its competent arrangement and obtaining the required amount of harvest. Inexperienced summer residents and gardeners, having planted their own convenient garden, complain that there is no required abundance of fruits and fruits, on which they counted.

Option 3D layout of the plot of 15 acres with the location of the garden, home and garden

The layout of the site is considered the most important stage in its arrangement. The layout of a summer cottage and garden plot begins directly with a preliminary study of the soil, where garden and garden crops are to be grown, and climatic conditions that affect the number of fruits. If the soil is excessively clayey or with sand impurities, then it is necessary to add peat to it, supplement it with chernozem, other substances and fertilizers, on which the full nutrition of the roots will directly depend.

In the climate, the fundamental factors that negatively affect the fruiting process are:

excess moisture;
frosty winters;
spring frosts.

Therefore, it is important to select the trees and crops that are most suitable for a particular region.

Sketch and layout of the garden, garden and the entire plot of 10 acres

Important aspects are the layout of the garden and the competent selection of trees. The trees of local breeding are considered the most resistant to frost. They perfectly adapt to any climatic conditions and give a good result, if not annually, then in a year. The hardiest trees are cherries, pears, apples, and also plums. Apricots and peaches are considered the least resistant to frost and high humidity.

Sweet cherry does not tolerate closely located underground waters, and if land reclamation is not done in time, then literally in a few years it will dry out.

Layout arrangement of a small suburban area

There are a wide variety of gardens, therefore, choosing the required assortment of trees and plants, it is necessary to take into account their future performance.

An example of the layout of a garden in a small area

To determine how many trees you need to plant on the garden plot, you must first make the layout of the summer cottage, taking into account the existing buildings. This must be done because each object casts a shadow, so when planting bushes, trees and other crops in the shade of buildings, they will not bear fruit, but will be pulled into the area of \u200b\u200bnatural light. This will continue until the top of the plants is slightly higher than the barrier, which limits access to natural light.

Therefore, on the developed plan, it is necessary to indicate the height of each existing building and the side of the world. It should be noted that the shadow will most likely be located on the east and west sides, tapering somewhat to the south. You need to shade the places on the diagram where the shadow is more than half a day. These places are not suitable for planting plants.

In shady places you can lay decorative paths, equip lawns, a pond, make flower beds. So that the trees can provide a good harvest, the shadow area must be excluded from the planting plan.

How to combine a garden and a vegetable garden

The layout of the garden and the garden is considered to be a rather important stage, because it is necessary to correctly distribute the usable area. begins with the idea of \u200b\u200ba direct arrangement of beds, which should be ideal. If you need a layout of the garden and the garden, then you need to make two separate schemes that will display the summer cottage at different times of the year. Thus, it is possible to achieve a more competent distribution of free space. When making calculations, it is necessary to take into account not only the area of \u200b\u200bthe summer cottage site itself, but also take into account the fact that planted crops can grow over time.

Drawing and layout of a plot of 6 acres with a combination of garden and vegetable garden

In addition, it is worth remembering that the planting of vegetable and horticultural crops should not be carried out too tightly. We need to consider where the garden will be located on the furnished summer cottage. Experienced gardeners recommend planting all crops on the south side, however, if this is not possible, then it is worthwhile to select sunny areas, but with some periods of shading.

Be sure to take into account the planting rules of each plant, its compatibility with neighboring crops, the need for natural sunlight and fertilizer, the frequency of watering.

It is carried out taking into account the periods of fruiting of all available trees and shrubs. It is best to have all the crops in the garden and in the garden, taking into account the periods of their full maturity. The planting scheme for all crops in the country must certainly be planned very competently. In order to think through everything correctly, you need to prepare a photo of your summer house with adjacent land.

What can be the model for planning the garden

There may be a wide variety of options for planning the garden and the kitchen garden, but with each of them you must definitely consider:

number of designated acres;
feature of the soil of the garden;
the required number of beds to be equipped.

Layout and placement of beds in the garden size of 4 acres

Ideal for those who prefer the arrangement of a fairly unpretentious garden and vegetable garden, which implies the use of mainly decorative crops and green spaces. Often, such a model is a circle shape. Inside it should be exquisite beautiful flowers and other plants in order to fully show all their beauty.

Outside, a certain design is created, consisting of green spaces. It is best if they are low shrubs, so that you can fully demonstrate the beauty of the planted flowers. If the size of the summer cottage is quite impressive, then fruit trees are planted behind in a semicircle, the number of which directly depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe proposed model. A rather interesting option is the rectangular shape.

Drawing and layout of the site

The peculiarity of this model implies that in this case you need to plan the garden and the garden together. Often, the design of such a summer cottage involves the use of a square shape. The peculiarity of this site is that it is possible to plant as many beds of vegetables as the size of the site allows.

Near the garden crops, you can arrange a few berry bushes. For the best view of the summer cottage is additional, but to place them a little far from all other cultures. A feature of this layout is that with all the abundance of species, the original form remains.

Sketch and layout of landings on a plot of 5 acres

An interesting and unusual option is the free layout of the available land. The shape and dimensions of such a plot depend directly on the available acres. When developing such a scheme, one must take into account whether it is possible to combine several different crops with fruit trees.

If the land area under the garden remains quite small, then it is best to use the method of arranging vertical beds. On nets and various supports, tall vegetable and bean crops will feel excellent. When organizing a garden, it is necessary to take into account the compatibility of cultures, the need for well-equipped natural light. In addition, it is worth considering that for you do not need to plant old trees. In this case, young seedlings are quite suitable.

How to make the best choice for arranging a fruit garden

Given various kinds of landscape tricks, you can competently equip your piece of land with all the norms and requirements. To organize the site with your own hands, you must first correctly select the location of the future orchard, choose the types and varieties of trees, while taking into account the existing natural and climatic conditions in the country.

When arranging an orchard and a vegetable garden, you need to remember that the depth of groundwater should be no more than 1.5 m. In the opposite case, to significantly lower the groundwater level, you will have to make certain channels or lay drainage pipes. Trees located on a plot of land with high groundwater will:

grow poorly;
give a fairly low yield;
poorly tolerate winter frosts;
undergo fungal diseases.

Design and layout of the garden on a plot of 10 acres

Plants located in the country will help determine the acidity of the earth. Those areas where cereals and legumes feel good are ideal for arranging a garden. If there is a lot of sorrel on the ground at the dacha, this means that the soil is quite acidic, which can poorly affect the normal fruiting of trees. It is possible to lower the acidity of the soil if lime is added to it. The program of arranging the garden and the garden implies a preliminary study of the relief of the site.

The southern side is considered the best option for arranging the garden, and the northern side is considered the worst.

It is not necessary to place the garden at the lowest point of the land plot, since it is there that the cold air will concentrate, which can cause serious harm to many plants. Determining the location of the garden, it is necessary to take into account the orientation of the cardinal points.

If you have purchased a plot, an excellent option for its use is growing fruit trees, as they require less maintenance than, for example, vegetables, but at the same time provide a large harvest, not to mention the decorative appeal of the garden. True, so that the effort, time and finances for its arrangement were not wasted in vain, you need to familiarize yourself with all the nuances of this work. Therefore, in this article we will consider how to plant a fruit garden on your site.

Site Requirements

Ground water level

So that all efforts to grow the garden are not in vain, it is necessary to study the conditions on the site. The most important point is the proximity of the location of groundwater. They must flow at a depth of at least 2.5 - 3 meters.

If fruit trees are planted at a site where groundwater is closer to the surface, then the trees will grow until a certain point, after which they will die. This is due to the fact that their roots will grow and, eventually, reach groundwater, after which they will rot and die. A harbinger of the death of a fruit tree is the drying out of the crown top.

Therefore, if you purchase a plot specifically for the garden, you should first find out at what depth groundwater is located.

Advice!
In the central zone and in the northern regions, it is best to grow fruit trees in areas with a small slope, since they receive more heat from the sun.

Fertility layer thickness

The effectiveness of the garden also largely depends on the thickness of the fertile garden. For fruit trees, it should be large enough. In addition, it is desirable that the soil is moderately moist and permeable to air and water.

To investigate the soil, in different places of the site it is necessary to dig trenches with a depth of about 2-2.5 meters, i.e. to the depth where the root system will develop. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the dense layers of soil, which must be breathable.

If the soil layers are too dense, then this deficiency can manifest itself only a few years after planting - they will begin to grow poorly and may even die completely. Of course, you can grow an orchard, even if the site does not quite meet these requirements, however, you will have to spend a lot of time and effort. In such a situation, it would be more appropriate to engage in the cultivation of vegetables.

Land relief

When choosing a place for a garden, you need to pay attention to its relief, namely the presence of lowlands and depressions. If water stagnates in them for a long time after rains or snow melts, you will have to fill them up to level the relief. This procedure is expensive.

If the relief is not leveled, the trees will grow poorly as a result of salinization of the soil and become susceptible to fungal diseases.

Garden planning

Tree selection

If the site meets all the basic requirements, you can start planning it. To do this, first of all, you need to choose fruit trees for the garden.

Depends on the following factors:

Household preferences, because what is the point of growing, for example, cherries, if there is none who will not?
Climatic conditions - you can plant only those plants that are suitable for growing in your climate.

In addition, you need to determine the number of trees. Do not chase the dream - to have a large garden. You should really appreciate how many crops you can care for.

Tree arrangement

Having decided on the plants, you need to plan their location on the site.

First of all, consider where you can not plant trees:

Near the local area - if the trees are closer to the building closer than 5 meters, their roots can damage the foundation. In addition, during strong winds, branches can damage the roof.
Along the garden paths - plant roots can swell the soil and thereby damage the coating. In addition, falling fruits will interfere with movement.
- Harvesting from branches located on the side of the neighbors will be difficult.

In order for a fruit and berry garden to yield a good harvest, do not place trees randomly on the site. The natural style is used to decorate the landscape, however, it complicates the maintenance of the garden, which in turn reduces its productivity.

Advice!
Aisles of trees can be planted with currant bushes, gooseberries and other crops.

There are several geometric layouts of plants:

Quadratic - plants are arranged in even rows, which provides the most convenient working conditions.
Staggered - This scheme is more dense, since in the center of each square there is one tree. This arrangement can be used for medium-sized plants that have a small crown.
Triangular pattern - is the most dense arrangement of trees with a large crown.
Horizontal location - implies the presence of a slope in the area along which the ledges are created.

Advice!
For fruit plants, it is better to divert the hill, it is desirable that it is located in the southern part of the site.
In this case, the laying of plants must be performed so that the height of their trunks increases towards the north.
This will provide all the trees with light.

Another important point in the design of the garden is the distance between the seedlings. For different types of plants, it should be different:

Note!
When planting dwarf and semi-dwarf varieties, the distance between them can be reduced to one or two meters.

Site preparation

In order for the trees to grow well, the soil must be fertilized and prepared in a special way, no matter how good it is.

Instructions for doing this work are as follows:

First of all, the plot should be fertilized with peat or manure. For one square meter, one and a half two buckets of fertilizer per square meter should be applied.
Then the site must be dug to the depth of the bayonet shovel. It is advisable to perform this procedure in the fall.
If the soil is acidic, ground limestone must be dispersed on its surface and mixed with soil.
In the spring, the site must again be dug up and leveled with a rake.

After completing these procedures, you can begin to land.

Tree planting

Landing time

Planting trees is necessary when the plants are at rest, i.e. in the fall after leaf fall or in the spring before the swelling of the kidneys. In the middle lane and in the north, it is better to engage in this procedure in the early spring, and in the south - in the fall.

In spring, trees can be planted immediately after thawing the soil, when the soil ceases to adhere to the shovel. In autumn, it is advisable to do the work two to three weeks before the first frost, so that the seedling has time to take root.

In the photo - apple tree seedlings

Seedlings for planting

Different types of seedlings are planted at different ages - it is better to plant apple trees and pears at the age of two to three years. Plums, cherries and cherries are usually planted at the age of two years.

Note!
It is imperative to choose good varieties for planting that can pollinate each other.
Before making a choice in favor of a particular variety, it is advisable to consult with experienced gardeners.
For seedlings of good varieties, the price can be quite high, however, in this case it makes sense to pay more.

Two-year-old seedlings should have a trunk thickness of about two centimeters and a height of about 50 centimeters. When choosing, you should pay attention to the root system, which should be intact and have a length of at least 30 centimeters.

Landing

Pits should be prepared a week before planting.

Their size for different plants should be different:

Apple trees and pears - the depth of 50-60 centimeters, diameter 80-100 centimeters.
Plums and cherries - depth and width of about 35-40 centimeters.

When digging a hole, the earth must be sorted - the upper dark layer should be folded in one direction, and the lower one in the other.

The process of planting trees with your own hands is as follows:

In the center of the pit you need to make a hill from the top layer of soil.
Then you need to add two buckets of compost to the ground.
After that, the seedling is located in the center of the pit, and its roots are neatly spread around the hill.
After this, the pit should be covered with earth, holding a seedling. This work is more convenient to do together.
After backfilling with earth, the plant needs to be watered (one and a half to two buckets per seedling).
To prevent moisture evaporation, the soil around the tree should be sprinkled with a compost layer or peat several centimeters thick.

Note! The root neck after planting (the place of transition from the root to the trunk) should be located 6-8 centimeters above the soil level. As a result, after land precipitation, it will be at ground level.

In the same way, all other seedlings are planted. If the work is done correctly, then it remains only to provide normal care for the orchard and you can wait for the first harvest. Detailed information on the care of young trees can be found on our portal.

Output

Planting an orchard on a plot is not difficult, however, it is necessary to strictly adhere to all the above rules. Only in this case, the complex of work performed will give a positive result. From the video in this article, you can get some additional information on this topic.