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In order for steel doors to meet a certain standard, a regulatory framework for these products was developed. For metal doors, GOST standardizes dimensions, type of hinges, optimal properties and characteristics. These requirements are contained in document number 31173-2003. Specifications and standards for steel door blocks are developed at the Certification Center, as well as by the Design Bureau. Entered into force on March 1, 2004.
Basic requirements according to GOST 31173-2003
This standard and requirements apply to all metal door structures for any type of building. This document described the most important parameters that door manufacturers that operate in the Russian Federation are required to comply with. The only doors that are not considered in this normative documentation are high-security structures and products for special purposes.
According to regulatory requirements, the door leaf must be a structure made of a metal profile and sheet metal, connected by welding. The standard allows the use of both a straight profile and a bent one. All corner joints can be made using welding or other technologies (provided that the strength of the structure is maintained).
Also, the technical specifications contain information on the door frame - manufacturers are recommended to make this element from bent profile pipes or a bent profile. As for dimensions, the profile must be no thinner than 1.5 mm, the pipe section must be at least 40 × 50 mm.
In addition to the profiles on the basis of which the base is created, the door block must also be reinforced with special elements. The standard provides for at least two stiffening ribs vertically and horizontally. Reinforcement with inclined profiles is also possible. Horizontal stiffening ribs should be located in the area of anti-removable systems or in the loop area.
On external metal doors, GOST recommends installing two or more contours of seals. They must be installed strictly without gaps, and the sealant material must be selected based on the climatic zone and possible atmospheric influences.
All requirements prescribed in this regulatory documentation can only be used for door structures of certain overall dimensions. So, the area of \u200b\u200bthe canvas should be no more than 9 m2. The height of the opening canvas is less than 2200 mm, the width is up to 1200 mm. The weight of the block according to the standard is no more than 250 kg.
Classification of doors according to standards
GOST 31173-2003 describes the classification of door structures. So, all door blocks according to their purpose are divided into internal or entrance and external.
In appearance and design, the standard divides steel doors into models with a closed frame, with a U-shaped door frame, as well as with a U-shaped frame and with an additional threshold.
In addition, products are distinguished by the number of canvases and the side of their opening. The standard provides for single-leaf designs, double-leaf with the same or different widths of canvases, with one or more non-opening inserts. On the opening side, the door can open inward or outward.
There is also a difference in the number of sealing circuits - these are doors with one circuit or models with two or more circuits.
The door block made of steel can have a decorative finish. So, the documents recommend several types of finishes. This is the coating of the canvas with paints and varnishes or painting with powder paint. GOST also allows the use of various types of artificial or natural leather, insulation, decorative materials based on films. There are options with a finish based on wood materials - this is natural or synthetic veneer, solid wood. In addition, manufacturers can equip the canvas with glass or mirror materials. Combined finishing is also allowed.
GOST 31173 2003 divides metal doors into strength classes. So, there are three classes - these are M1, M2 and M3. The level of strength is estimated by the resistance to different types of loads. They can be static or dynamic, shock and others.
Materials and accessories
All materials that modern manufacturers use for the production of door structures must be manufactured in accordance with certain standards and conditions. So, the steel sheet should have the most even and smooth surface. There should be no cracks or deformations in the metal. The standard allows for slight waviness - its maximum allowable size is not more than 0.5 mm.
All materials and components used in production must be able to withstand various climatic conditions and atmospheric influences. Structural elements of the steel block must comply with GOST 380, 1050, 5632.
Seals must be installed on the canvas and the box. In this case, even minimal gaps are not allowed. This is one of the requirements of GOST 307778, in the text of which you can find other requirements for seals.
Hinges, locks, locking fittings
Characteristics, installation methods, as well as the location of locks and hinges on the door leaf must be described in the manufacturer's working documentation. The parameters of the locking mechanisms and hinges are affected by the size of the door leaf, weight, conditions of use. All requirements for locks can be found in the documents GOST 5089 and 538.
The hinges must be attached to the block and the web using welding technologies or using mechanical ties, but with the condition of maintaining strength.
To provide the metal door structure with the necessary level of protection, the standard recommends the use of locking mechanisms of various systems - these can be cylinder locks, lever locks and others.
Door steel blocks can also be equipped with various accessories such as door closers, latches, opening restrictors, eyes and chains. Locks and hinges, no matter what type they are, should not interfere with the easy and reliable closing of the web.
Finishing
As for the type of finish, the manufacturer must agree on the door covering and its quality with the buyer of the product in the sales contract. The quality is assessed on the provided and pre-approved samples. The choice of a suitable finishing material depends on the operating conditions of the door block.
The main documents that regulate metal coatings, as well as requirements for coatings based on varnishes and paints, are GOSTs 9.402, 9.401, 9.032.
According to the standard, the first layer should be a primer coat, then you can proceed to the application of decorative, as well as protective materials. More details on the requirements for the quality of finishes can be found in GOSTs 9.301 and 9.032.
Manufacture of lining for metal doors. If wood or materials based on it are used in finishing work, then manufacturers are guided by GOST 2140. According to it, the surface roughness should be no more than 60 microns. The moisture content of wood is no more than 8-12%.
Soundproofing Requirements
Noise insulation parameters should be set in the design documents. The level itself is set during the test in special centers. According to GOST 31173, the door unit must be soundproofed to at least 20 dB.
The standard distinguishes three classes in terms of sound insulation level - for example, the first class has sound absorption rates from 20 to 25 dB, the second class - from 25-31 dB, the third class - 32 and above.
GOST on thermal insulation
All metal blocks are divided into three classes. The classification is based on resistance to heat transfer. Thus, products of the first class have indicators of 1.0 m ° C / W and higher, the second - 0.7-0.99 m ° C / W, the third - 0.4 -0.69 m ° C / W.
In order for the unit to provide proper thermal insulation performance, street doors must be equipped with at least two sealing circuits. More about this is indicated in GOST 24698 81. It applies to wooden, but also to external metal doors.
Requirements for outdoor or outdoor steel blocks
About street door blocks are described in GOST 24698. In terms of performance, these models must meet several important requirements.
So, these solutions must have high characteristics of sound and heat insulation. Be sure to install a seal on the frame and in the sash. Also, the surface and finish of the door leaf must have a very high wear resistance in order to withstand atmospheric influences. The protective layer must reliably protect the metal from corrosion processes.
In addition, the door must withstand temperature changes and not be deformed. The document also indicates fire safety, strict observance of geometric characteristics. It is necessary to have more serious locking devices than is provided for ordinary entrance doors to the apartment.
All these provisions and requirements must be fully observed by manufacturers of metal door structures. The quality of the final product depends on whether the manufacturer exactly complies with GOST. Most of all metal doors produced in Russia are of really high quality and fully comply with these requirements. The buyer receives a highly reliable and secure product.
With all the variety of products offered on the modern construction market, there are products that meet State Standards. For example, metal doors. Manufacturers that respect themselves and the consumer produce products that meet the requirements of established state standards.
What does GOST 31173-2003 say
The provisions described by GOST 31173-2003 apply to the construction of steel door blocks with locks. The products described by the standard are intended for installation in buildings for various purposes. This regulatory document does not cover the design of door units for special purposes that meet the increased requirements for explosion resistance, bullet resistance, resistance to aggressive environments, and fire safety.
This document describes the types of door units, classification, markings. Recommends the steel grade and the external and internal arrangement of the frame and doors. GOST 31173-2003 mentions options for possible finishing on the inside and outside of the wings. The standard also indicates possible types of heat insulator and methods for installing locks.
Let's make it clear
There is no separate State Standard (GOST) for fire doors. The existing GOST 31173-2003 regulates only the design of metal door blocks. Those products that are called "fire doors GOST 31173-2003" are usually manufactured according to TU - Technical Conditions, compiled by the manufacturer, taking into account the recommendations described in GOST 31173-2003.
The manufacturer then receives a fire certificate for their product. This document is valid for three years. After the expiration of the certificate, the manufacturer needs to go through the procedure for obtaining a fire safety document again.
This certificate is issued after passing a product sample made in accordance with TU or GOST 31173-2003, tests. Fire tests of the door structure are carried out according to the rules described in the State Standard "Methods of testing for fire resistance of doors and gates" number 53307-2009. According to the test results, the product is assigned one or another class of resistance to fire and a fire certificate is issued.
The essence of the test method lies in the impact on the test product on one side of the temperature created by a special furnace. The temperature of exposure to the tested product is regulated by GOST 30247.0-94. When testing, the time to the limit state of the structure, determined by GOST 53307-2009, is determined in minutes.
The fire resistance class assigned to a product affects its scope and cost.
What is temperature resistance
The resistance of metal doors to temperature does not depend on the thickness of the metal used in the manufacture. Fire safety is affected by:
- used thermal insulator. In GOST 31173-2003, in the section on the design of metal doors, as a filler for cavities between the inner and outer shell, it is proposed to use: foam plastic, mineral wool, wood or wood chip fillers. Naturally, a foam or wood heat insulator is not suitable for the manufacture of fire doors. Yes, and the density and thickness of the mineral filler also has an impact on the time that the metal door will resist the effects of fire.
- The size of the gap between the door leaf and the frame. The smaller this distance, the greater the temperature resistance of the door. The standard for the manufacture of metal door blocks allows maximum deviations of no more than 3 mm.
- Availability and quality of self-foaming sealant. Fire self-foaming tape is installed around the perimeter of the door leaf. When the temperature rises, the seal foams and hermetically closes the gap between the frame and the sash, preventing the ingress of combustion gases into the room.
- GOST 31173-2003 establishes that the sealing gaskets used must comply with sanitary standards and other technical regulations and standards adopted in the prescribed manner. Seals must be present around the entire perimeter of the sash and the fit of the sash must be tight.
How to choose a fire door
A fire door is a structure designed to protect against the spread of fire in a fire. The door, which is a fireproof door, must retain its protective properties for some time - until the arrival of firefighters and the evacuation of people. As can be seen from the above, GOST 31173-2003 does not apply to metal fire doors.
The general provisions of fire safety are described by the Federal Law No. 123-FZ, adopted on July 22, 2008. "Technical regulations for fire safety requirements". To choose a metal fire door, you need to pay attention to the availability of a fire certificate for the selected product and the fire resistance class.
Fire resistance class - what is it
The fire resistance class of a product is assigned as a result of fire resistance tests. Depending on the number of minutes that a particular door resisted as a result of temperature tests, a fire resistance class is assigned:
- Ei 30. Class Ei 30 have doors that are resistant to fire for half an hour. Recommended for installation in public buildings, industrial facilities.
- Ei 60. Such doors can withstand fire for an hour. Installation of Ei 60 class doors allows for the safest evacuation of people.
- Ei 90. Doors with fire resistance class Ei 90 are designed for installation in buildings with increased fire hazard: gas stations, special production facilities, fuel and lubricants warehouses, etc.
Such fire doors are able to prevent the spread of fire for one and a half hours.
The main function of metal doors is to protect the premises from external atmospheric influences, noise, and also from unwanted penetration. Modern metal door blocks must meet the requirements of current regulatory documents, be strong and durable.
The specific requirements for a steel door largely depend on the operating conditions. In some cases, the design of a metal door requires the installation of additional means of protection, heat and sound insulation. Detailed information about this in our article at.
Basic requirements of GOST 31173-2003 "Steel door blocks"
The main standard that defines the requirements for metal doors is GOST 31173-2003 "Steel door blocks". This GOST contains requirements for steel door blocks with locking mechanisms. Additional requirements for fire safety, bullet resistance and resistance to aggressive media are not included in the standard.
According to GOST 31173-2003, the leaf of a metal door must be a structure made of metal sheets and profiles welded together. Profiles can be used both straight and curved. Corner joints of profiles should be connected by welding or other types of joints while maintaining the strength of the structure.
The standard also makes requirements for the door frame: it must be made of a bent profile more than 1.5 mm thick or from a rectangular profile with a cross section of more than 40x50 mm.
Any serious door manufacturer is required to test its products for compliance with regulatory requirements. As a result of testing, he is issued a certificate of conformity for the product. The seller must also have this certificate.. Check it!
The design of a metal door must contain reinforcing profiles. The structure must contain at least two horizontal and vertical profiles, it is also possible to use inclined reinforcing profiles. In this case, horizontal profiles should be located in the area of anti-removable mechanisms or in the loop area.
Exterior and entrance metal doors should contain two or more sealing gaskets installed without gaps and resistant to climatic and atmospheric influences.
The requirements of GOST 31173-2003 apply only to metal doors of the following dimensions:
- The door leaf area is less than 9m2.
- The height of the opening canvases is less than 2200 mm.
- The width of the opening canvas is no more than 1200 mm.
- The weight of the door leaf is not more than 250 kg.
Classification of doors according to GOST
GOST 31173-2003 offers several classifications of metal doors.
Metal door blocks are divided into the following types of purpose:
By type of construction, metal doors are divided into:
- Cloths with a closed box.
- With U-shaped box.
- With a U-shaped box with an additional threshold.
There is also a classification according to the number of canvases and the direction of their opening:
- Single-field.
- Double-sided (the width of the door panels may be different).
- With non-opening inserts (vertical or horizontal).
- Opening inward.
- Outward opening.
According to the number of sealing contours, door blocks are divided into:
- Metal doors with one sealing circuit.
- Metal doors with two or more sealing circuits.
Need to remember
Even if you have installed a reliable entrance door made in accordance with the requirements of GOST, you should not neglect the use of a security alarm. Details on modern alarm systems can be found in ours.
Metal door blocks can have the following finishes:
- Paints and powders.
- Artificial or genuine leather and insulation.
- Decorative film materials.
- Wood materials (natural or synthetic veneer is allowed).
- Glass or mirror materials.
- Combined finish.
Also, metal doors are divided into several strength classes (M1, M2, M3) according to the resistance to various types of static, dynamic and shock loads.
Requirements for materials and components
The materials and component parts used in the production of door blocks must be manufactured in accordance with approved standards and specifications.
The surface of the steel structural elements of the door leaf must be flat and smooth, free from cracks and distortions, permissible waviness on the front surface - no more than 0.5 mm.
Materials intended for the manufacture of metal doors and their components must be resistant to climatic influences. Steel elements must comply with the requirements of GOST 380, GOST 1050 or GOST 5632.
Sealing gaskets must be installed tightly, without gaps, around the entire perimeter of the box, and meet the requirements of GOST 30778.
Requirements for hinges, locks and other locking devices
Specifications, method of attachment and location of locking devices and hinges are set in the working documentation. These parameters are influenced by the dimensions of the opening elements of the product, its weight, as well as the conditions of its operation.
The hinges are attached to the door frame by welding. or mechanical links. While maintaining the strength of the structure, the use of other types of fasteners is allowed.
Block in 50% from the beginning of the article article
Depending on the purpose and operating conditions, metal door blocks are equipped with latches, closers, opening angle limiters, chains, eyes, etc. Fasteners and door devices must comply with the requirements of GOST 9.303 “Metal and non-metallic coatings” and GOST 538 “Lock and hardware products” .
Installed locks and hinges should not interfere with easy but reliable locking of the door leaf.
Finishing requirements
The type of finishing coating and the quality of finishing are agreed by the manufacturer with the consumer and prescribed in the contract. The quality of the finish is evaluated according to the samples approved in advance with the customer.
The main criterion for the choice of facing material are the operating conditions.
The main regulatory documents regulating the state of metal surfaces, requirements for paintwork and their designation are GOST 9.402, GOST 9.401 and GOST 9.032.
The first layer of coating is applied with a primer, then protective and decorative materials are already applied. More detailed requirements for the quality of surfaces with a completed paint coating are contained in the standards GOST 9.301 and GOST 9.032.
When using parts made of wood, one should be guided by GOST 2140, the wooden surface should have a roughness of not more than 60 microns, and the moisture content of the rock should be 8 - 12%.
The performance indicators of metal doors, including sound insulation parameters, are set in the project documentation and are tested in testing centers.
According to the requirements of GOST 31173, door blocks must have sound insulation of at least 20 dB.
There are 3 sound insulation classes for steel door blocks:
Metal door blocks are divided into 3 classes of reduced heat transfer resistance:
1 class - 1.0 m ° C / W and more
Class 2 - 0.70 - 0.99 m ° C / W
3 class - 0.40 - 0.69 m ° C / W
To ensure an adequate level of thermal insulation, external doors are equipped with at least two sealing contours.
An increase in thermal insulation is also facilitated by the use of special materials for filling the door leaf (mineral or basalt wool, polystyrene, etc.).
GOST 51072-2005 requirements for security entrance doors
According to GOST 51072-2005 “Security doors”, a security door is a protective tool that has a door leaf, a door frame and one or more locking devices in its design and is resistant to established methods of exposure.
Unwanted penetration into the office or living space is provided by entrance doors made of steel, equipped with powerful locking devices around the entire perimeter of the door. The parameters and characteristics of such doors are regulated by GOST 31173-2003, which was put into effect in 2004.
The development of standards for metal doors is dictated by high requirements for a number of reasons: compliance with the parameters of doorways in construction, performance of security functions, insulating properties, their strength and a number of other parameters. Their observance in the manufacture is necessary for the consumer, otherwise they will not perform the required functions. GOST 31173-2003 gives a fairly wide range of manufacturing parameters from interior doors to secure doors to expensive houses and cottages. Steel doors are very popular in our country.
The standards are intended for serial and small-scale production, where it is possible to debug the technological process in accordance with them, where there is control over their compliance using appropriate methods and confirmation of test results in special centers accredited for the right to conduct them. In individual production, this is difficult to implement. Compliance with standards provides the consumer with the necessary consumer qualities.
Classification of metal doors GOST 31173 2003
Steel doors are classified according to various parameters: purpose, design, finish, operational and mechanical characteristics, security level. Such a classification allows the consumer to simply select a product with the required characteristics. It also allows certification of steel products.
The classification depends not only on its design features, but also on the configuration of the door block with locking mechanisms. For example, the security level depends on the strength of the block (M1, M2, M3), the complexity of the locks and locking mechanisms. Steel door blocks of the simplest design (strength class M3) are equipped with class III-IV locks (GOST 5089) and special locking mechanisms, and with class M2 they are equipped with multi-bolt locks on reinforced hinges.
Locks are fastened with screws through gaskets and brackets that press the lock to the leaf, equipped with threads. It is better not to use welding when installing locks, the canvas can lead, and the lock will not close. The size of the door leaf should not exceed 2200 mm in height and 1200 mm in width, and the weight should not exceed 250 kg.
steel door construction
The entire structure is welded from steel. The frame is welded from profiles, on which steel sheets are welded on both sides. The metal on the door leaf must be at least 1.8 mm thick. Profiles can be box-section, U-shaped or from a corner. In some cases, the frame can be reinforced with additional profiles inside it (multipliers), both vertical and horizontal mullions.
The frame is filled with basalt wool, foam plastic or other heat and sound insulating materials. To counteract the removal of the block from the hinges, special pins are installed, which are located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe loops. They do not allow you to wring the door from the hinges and remove it. The pins are installed either in a box or in a web by welding or pressing.
When buying, the consumer has the right to choose the type of finish, material and color, however, GOST 31173-2003 defines reference samples. The choice of finishing materials according to GOST is very wide and varied: from natural leather to polymer coating. The main thing is that GOST determines the permissible coating quality parameters for each material, below which it is impossible to fall. Output control at the production site pays special attention to the appearance of doors.
The main characteristics of metal doors
The main task of the door block is to provide protection against unauthorized entry into the room. Along with this task, the door must protect against the external environment in the form of cold air masses, as well as noise, and serve for a long time without changing the main characteristics. So, the door block should:
- isolate the transfer of heat or cold from the outside to the inside of the room;
- isolate sounds both from outside and from inside to outside;
- do not let air through;
- serve for a long time and with high quality;
- withstand static and dynamic loads on it.
It is these characteristics with quantitative estimates, given in GOST 31173 2003, that are an indicator of the quality of the produced blocks. According to these indicators, products are accepted at manufacturing plants.
Doors manufactured to the requirements of GOST 31173 2003
Ensuring the main security function is achieved by the composition of the characteristics of the door unit (primarily strength) with locking mechanisms and locks, that is, one or another of its execution. The higher the strength class and the class of locking devices and locks, the higher the quotation for the performance of the door unit.
How to install a door block?
Metal doors are installed by the manufacturer's specialists, as special tools and materials are required that correspond to a particular product. In the event that a new house is being built, then the project should describe the requirements for the size of the doorway, the expected loads and climatic conditions, and the requirements of building codes for installing this type of door.
Building codes require the unconditional provision of filling the gaps between the door and the walls with insulating material, environmentally friendly and with a long service life. An important point during the installation of the product is the placement of the door block and junction points in the structure in such a way that “cold bridges” and condensate do not form both inside the product and in the room.
The door unit is fixed in the wall opening through the mounting ears using anchors to a depth of 70-100 mm. The number of anchors should ensure that the block is fixed in the opening. The ears are recommended to be placed along the perimeter of the frame with a distance between them of no more than 700 mm. Before starting the installation of doors, it is necessary to make markings. In the doorway, the central axis is determined, along which the door is installed and the points of location of the ears and, accordingly, the places of fastening with anchors. Deviations of the door along the horizontal and vertical axes are controlled by plumb and level.
If the buyer decides to install the door himself, the company sends him instructions for installing the unit, indicating all the technological operations for this procedure and the corresponding drawings of the main elements and junctions. The buyer also receives a description of all materials used, including metal, steel grade.
Manufacturer's Warranties
When buying a product, a passport is issued on the GOST door. In addition to dimensions and design features, it reflects a certificate of conformity, a description of the technical characteristics mentioned earlier. And as a standard for all passports, the completeness of the product is included. The completeness of the door block includes locking devices, door hinges, the type of leaf finish, sealing gaskets, a closer and a door stop.
At the very end of the passport, the warranty period is indicated (at least three years from the date of purchase of the product), which is also indicated in the purchase agreement. In the contract, the manufacturer guarantees the buyer the preservation of all characteristics of the product, subject to the rules of transportation, installation of the product and the rules of operation. The document with which the buyer can dispute certain inconsistencies with the passport data of the product and the warranty period itself is a contract for the purchase of a door unit between the buyer and the manufacturer.
It should be noted that when installing the door block yourself, the guarantee may not be received, since the manufacturer is not able to check the door installation technology. Therefore, we recommend using the services of the installation masters of the company that manufactured your door, or resorting to the services of certified teams of craftsmen.
In conclusion, it should be stated: the standardization of production always leads to an improvement in the quality of manufactured products, an increase in the service life of products, an increase in maintainability, a reduction in the cost of manufacturing a product, and a decrease in its price. Therefore, when choosing such a complex product as a metal door block, be guided by GOST 31173 2003.
The manufacture of steel doors is standardized by GOST 31173-2003, which has been in effect since March 1, 2004, and SNiP. These documents apply to steel door blocks equipped with locking devices, which are installed in residential and non-residential buildings. But special-purpose doors with increased requirements in terms of security or resistance to aggressive environments do not fall under their action.
There are a number of requirements for entrance metal doors.
Classification of steel doors
Depending on the location, metal doors are divided into external and internal structures. External metal doors are installed at the entrance to the building, in the vestibule. Internal steel products include entrance doors to housing from the entrance, installed inside buildings.
In terms of design, metal products differ:
- by box type
- the number of paintings;
- number of sealing circuits.
There are no restrictions on the choice of finishes for metal doors, so the exterior design can be done with the following materials:
- paint and varnish;
- film;
- leather;
- woody;
- glass (mirrors);
- decorative metal.
Varieties of metal doors by type of finish
The door structure is made with a closed loop (K), a U-shaped box or with an additional (structurally separate) threshold (P). Steel doors can have a single-leaf (L, R) or double-leaf (D) leaf, which opens outwards (H) or inside (Vn) of the room. At admissible opening of both halves or one. According to the number of sealing circuits, the products are divided into single-circuit or multi-circuit.
The design features of metal doors are displayed in the identifier, for example, DSV LPVn 1900-800 MZ. This example is decoded as follows:
- DSV - internal steel door block;
- L - single-field with opening to the left;
- P - with a threshold;
- Vn - opens inward;
- 1900-800 - product dimensions;
- M3 - strength class.
The operational characteristics of the design divide the products into classes. The table shows the values by which the classification is carried out.
Metal steel doors differ in strength class, which has the designation: M1, M2, M3. The strength class is determined by the results of tests that are carried out to determine the resistance to static, dynamic and shock loads.
The device of the input blocks is divided into types of execution according to burglary resistance:
- conventional type, with anti-removable devices;
- reinforced type, when the device is equipped with a perimeter locking mechanism, has reinforced hinges and strength class M2;
- protective, with additional protection requirements and class M1.
Locks installed in metal door structures must comply with the recommendations of GOST 5089.
The thickness of steel sheets for ordinary metal doors according to GOST cannot be less than 2 mm. Armored products are made from metal sheets with a thickness of 8 mm. Reinforced and protective type of product is indicated by the letters "U" and "Z".
door requirements
The design of the product and its installation must comply with GOST and SNiP. Steel door leafs are made of sheets and rectangular profiles. The use of a bent profile is allowed. Also, the webs can be connected to each other according to the type of a bent box, but GOST recommends connecting the sheets by welding, which is performed in a protective gas environment. The points where the connection is made by welding must be reflected in the documentation. The profile in corner joints is joined by welding or by another method. The strength of joints cannot be lower than welded ones.
The design of a metal door must comply with GOST and SNiP
Insulated metal doors are made of steel sheets with filling between them, for which mineral wool, fiberboard sheets, wooden bars, foam plastic are used.
Door frames are made of a bent or rectangular profile, having, respectively, a thickness of at least 1.5 mm and dimensions in a section of 40x50 mm.
The canvas is reinforced inside with profiles located vertically and horizontally. GOST recommends using from two vertical and horizontal profiles. In the area where the door hinges and anti-removable mechanisms are located, additional horizontal profiles are installed, and in the rest it is allowed to place others at an angle between the vertical profiles.
The inner side of the doors is allowed to be made not from a solid steel sheet, but from parts connected by welding along profiles. GOST allows replacing internal metal sheets with fiberboard or other materials with the required strength.
Additional requirements
To be able to provide access to the locking devices in order to replace or repair them, a “window” is mechanically installed on the inside of the leaf. The locking device is not recommended to be fixed by welding due to the possibility of damage to the lock parts by high temperature. When installing locks, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of deforming loads on the locks during operation. This is necessary to prevent jamming of the locks.
To soundproof and reduce heat transfer, sealing gaskets are mounted around the entire perimeter of the box. The number of circuits is allowed two or more. Installation is carried out without gaps in the joints of the gaskets, and their fit to the porch must be made tight. On external entrance doors, sealing gaskets are selected according to their resistance to the influence of temperature changes. The depth of the lock bolt in the box socket is 22 mm.
Anti-removable crossbars must be installed in the area of the door hinges. Passive crossbars (pins) are welded or pressed.
Anti-removable bolts fit tightly into the holes on the door frame, preventing the door from being removed from the hinges.
GOST extends its requirements to the installation of metal door blocks up to nine square meters. The dimensions of the canvases are not more than 2200 mm in height and 1200 mm in width.
Mounting Features
Due to the significant weight and increased requirements for burglary resistance, the installation of a metal door has its own subtleties. After dismantling the old door, it is necessary to prepare an opening so that the gap between the wall and the box does not exceed two centimeters. After placing the door block in the opening, they start leveling, ignoring the deviations of the plane of the doors and walls. To fix the position, wedges are used, which are driven in between the frame and the wall.
Wooden wedges are used to fix the door block in the opening.
After that, they begin to strengthen the structure. A wall is drilled through special holes and a pin is driven into the wall, which must enter the wall by at least 15 cm. When drilling holes, it is necessary to change the slope for each fixation point, which will complicate the work of possible burglars.
If the structure has a double frame, then every 20-30 cm between the wall and the corner of the loot, special metal wedges are hammered, which are selected according to the width of the gap.
The main installation work is completed by sealing the gaps with mounting foam.
Given the complexity of the work, which requires knowledge and special skills, we advise you to turn to professionals, and not do it yourself. Otherwise, even an armored door will not ensure the reliability of your home and the safety of property.