Degree network

Degree network

Earth, the system of meridians and parallels on geographical maps and globes, which serves to read the geographical coordinates of points on the earth's surface - longitudes and latitudes. All points of this meridian have the same longitude, and all points of parallel have the same latitude. In geodesy, the figure of the Earth is taken as an oblate ellipsoid of revolution, on which the meridians are ellipses passing through the earth's poles, and the parallels are small circles, the planes of which are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the Earth and parallel to the earth's equator. Due to the contraction of the earth's ellipsoid, the linear distance between parallels drawn through an equal number of degrees increases slightly from the equator to the poles. On Geoid e, the meridians and parallels are curves of double curvature, although they are very close, respectively, to ellipses and circles.

A. A. Mikhailov.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Degree network" is in other dictionaries:

degree network - The system of meridians and parallels on geographical maps and globes, which serves to reference the geographical coordinates of points on the earth's surface (longitudes and latitudes) or to map objects by their coordinates. Syn .: geographic grid;…… Geography Dictionary

Earth, a system of meridians and parallels on geographical maps and globes, which serves to count the geographical coordinates of points on the earth's surface, longitudes and latitudes, or to map objects by their coordinates. All points of this meridian ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

A network of meridians and parallels on maps and globes, which serves to obtain geographic coordinates (longitudes and latitudes) of points on the earth's surface, plotting objects by their coordinates, for laying routes, and solving other problems. Meridians - ... ... Geographical encyclopedia

Earth, system of meridians and parallels in geogr. maps and globes, serving to count the geogr. coordinates of points on the earth's surface of longitudes and latitudes, or mapping objects by their coordinates. All points of this meridian have the same ... ... Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

DEGREES GRID of the Earth, the system of meridians (see MERIDIAN (in geography)) and parallels (see PARALLEL) on geographical maps and globes, serving to count geographic coordinates (see GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES) points of the earth's surface longitudes ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

A system of meridians and parallels on geographic maps and globes, used to reference the geographic coordinates of points on the earth's surface in longitudes and latitudes, or to map objects by their coordinates. All points of this meridian have one and ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Degree network of the Earth - the image of the system of meridians and parallels on maps and globes to determine the geographical coordinates of points on the earth's surface of longitude and latitude. On the globe, meridians are arcs of large circles passing through the earth's poles; ... ... Dictionary of military terms

Noun, f., Uptr. cf. often Morphology: (no) what? network, what? network, (see) what? network than? network, about what? about the network and the network, the network; pl. what? network, (no) what? networks, what? networks, (see) what? network than? networks, about what? about networks device, ... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

net - and, offer; about network / ty, on the network /; pl. genus. to her; g. see also. netting, netting, netting, netting 1) A device made of intersecting threads, fixed at equal intervals with knots, used for catching fish, birds, etc ... Dictionary of many expressions

And, offer. about the network, the network, genus. pl. her, well. 1. A device of intersecting threads, fixed at equal intervals with knots, used for catching fish, birds, etc. Knit a net. □ Carp is caught mainly with a net or seine. Saltykov ... ... Small academic dictionary

\u003e\u003e Degree network, its elements. Geographical coordinates

§ 3. Degree network, its elements. Geographical coordinates

Navigating the map and finding the exact location of geographic objects on the Earth's surface allows degree network, or a system of lines of parallels and meridians.

Parallels (from the Greek. parallelos - letters going alongside) - these are lines conventionally drawn on the surface of the Earth parallel to the equator. Parallels on the map and globe you can spend as much as you like, but usually they are carried out on training maps with an interval of 10-20 °. Parallels are always oriented from west to east. The circumference of parallels decreases from the equator to the poles.

Equator (from lat. aequator - equalizer) - an imaginary line on the earth's surface, obtained by mentally dissecting the Earth by a plane passing through the center of the Earth perpendicular to the axis of its rotation. All points on the equator are equidistant from the poles. The equator divides the globe into two hemispheres - the North and the South.

Meridian (from Latin meridians - midday) - the shortest line conventionally drawn from one pole to the other on the surface of the Earth.

table 2

Comparative characteristics of meridians and parallels

Geographic poles (from Latin polus - axis) - mathematically calculated points of intersection of the imaginary axis of rotation of the Earth with the earth's surface. Meridians can be drawn through any point on the earth's surface, and all of them will pass through both poles of the earth. The meridians are oriented from north to south, and all have the same length (from pole to pole) - about 20,000 km. Average length of the 1st meridian: 20004 km: 180 ° \u003d 111 km. The direction of the local meridian at any point can be determined at noon by the shadow of any object. In the Northern Hemisphere, the end of the shadow always shows the direction to the north, in the Southern Hemisphere - to the south.

Degree, or cartographic, network serves to define geographic coordinates points of the earth's surface - longitudes and latitudes - or plotting objects on a map by their coordinates. All points of a given meridian have the same longitude, and all points of a parallel have the same latitude.

Geographic latitudeis the magnitude of the meridian arc in degrees from the equator to a given point. So, St. Petersburg is located in the Northern Hemisphere, at 60 ° north latitude (abbreviated north latitude), the Suez Canal - at 30 ° north latitude. Determining the latitude of any point on a globe or map is to determine which parallel it is on. South of the equator, any point will have a southern latitude (abbreviated S).

Geographic longitude - This is the value of the arc of the parallel in degrees from the prime meridian to the given point. The initial, or zero, meridian is selected conditionally and passes through the Greenwich Observatory, located near London. To the east of this meridian, east longitude (E) is determined, to the west - west (W) (Fig. 10).

The latitude and longitude of any point on the Earth are its graphical coordinates. Thus, the geographical coordinates of Moscow are 56 ° N. and 38 ° east. etc.

Maksakovsky V.P., Petrova N.N., Physical and economic geography of the world. - M.: Airis-press, 2010 .-- 368s.: Ill.

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Earth, the system of meridians and parallels on geographical maps and globes, which serves to read the geographical coordinates of points on the earth's surface - longitudes and latitudes. All points of a given meridian have the same longitude, and all points of a parallel have the same latitude. In geodesy, the figure of the Earth is taken as an oblate ellipsoid of revolution, on which the meridians are ellipses passing through the earth's poles, and the parallels are small circles, the planes of which are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the Earth and parallel to the earth's equator. Due to the contraction of the earth's ellipsoid, the linear distance between parallels drawn through an equal number of degrees increases slightly from the equator to the poles. On Geoid, the meridians and parallels are curves of double curvature, although they are very close, respectively, to ellipses and circles.

A. A. Mikhailov.

• - a synonym for the words Internet, Web, World Wide Web and other terms that will still appear in this area ...

  Alternative culture. Encyclopedia

• - image of the system of meridians and parallels on maps and globes to determine the geographic coordinates of points on the earth's surface - longitude and latitude ...

  Dictionary of military terms

• - I: 1) S., or snares, were usually used to catch large animals. The animals were either driven into decay. on the ground, or in nets set apart, to-rye then, when the prey fell into them, tightened. Assyrian is known ...

  Brockhaus Bible Encyclopedia

• - Personalizes the trap, the predicament. - the attribute and affiliation of all connecting gods. The trap is a negative aspect of the feminine power, the Great Mother, who is often the goddess of nets ...

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• - generalization of the concept of a graph. A S. is given by a pair of the form, in which V is a certain set, is a family of sets of elements from V. In sets, elements can, generally speaking, be repeated ...

  Encyclopedia of Mathematics

• - a system of pseamies of sufficiently smooth lines defined in the domain of a G n -dimensional differentiable manifold M such that 1) exactly one line of each family si ... passes through each point.

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• - mapping directed set into space. M. I. Voitsekhovsky ...

  Encyclopedia of Mathematics

• - sphere - the totality of all spheres, relative to which a given point has a given degree p - degree C. There are three types of S. of spheres: 1) hyperbolic S., consisting of all spheres orthogonal to a given sphere .. ...

  Encyclopedia of Mathematics

• - a topological space with m-in a X - a family of subsets of this space such that for each point and each of its neighborhoods Ox there is an element M of the family such that the Family of all one-point ...

  Encyclopedia of Mathematics

• - Earth, system of meridians and parallels in geogr. maps and globes, serving to count the geogr. coordinates of points on the earth's surface - longitudes and latitudes - or plotting objects on a map by their coordinates ...

  Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

• - an interacting collection of objects connected to each other by communication lines. In English: Network See also: Networks Communication & nbsp ...

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• - see Mortar ...
• - From the folk tales about sinister, the idea is clearly expressed that an evil demon can be put in a bottle, tied in a sack, driven into a hole in a tree with a wedge ...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• - The Earth, a system of meridians and parallels on geographical maps and globes, which serves to read the geographical coordinates of points on the earth's surface - longitudes and latitudes ...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - a system of meridians and parallels on geographical maps and globes, which serves to count the geographical coordinates of points on the earth's surface - longitudes and latitudes - or to map objects by their coordinates ...

  Big encyclopedic dictionary

"Degree network" in books

Net

From the book Think Like Steve Jobs by Smith Daniel

Networking Jobs' ability to notice and form friendships with people who might be useful to him, as well as his dream of creating a windowed interface, were natural to him from a young age. He instinctively felt that greatness cannot be achieved alone, and this feeling

Net

From the book Space Games (collection) author Lesnikov Vasily Sergeevich

Net By position can be: - Vertical or horizontal. - At a certain angle to the horizon. By design, it can be: - With one or two anchoring points. - Homogeneous. - With different weave spacing in the straight and lateral direction. - Narrow

NETWORK 1

From the book School of Business author Kiyosaki Robert Tohru

NETWORK 2

From the book School of Business author Kiyosaki Robert Tohru

NETWORK 2 Value # 1: Life Changing Business Education It's Not Money "We have the best compensation plan." I heard this comment a lot when researching various network marketing companies. People wanting to show me their business opportunities told

NETWORK W

From the book School of Business author Kiyosaki Robert Tohru

NETWORK 4

From the book School of Business author Kiyosaki Robert Tohru

NETWORK 4 Value # 3: The value of accessing the B quadrant business ... without the high cost of building and maintaining it Someone asked me, “If B quadrant is so much better than other quadrants, why don't a lot of people start in it? business?" The conversation went with the church

NETWORK 5

From the book School of Business author Kiyosaki Robert Tohru

NET 5 Value # 4: The value of investing in the same investments the rich do "Can you teach me to buy real estate without loss?" I am constantly amazed how many times I get asked these questions. I know that such investments exist, but I

NETWORK 6

From the book School of Business author Kiyosaki Robert Tohru

NETWORK 6 Value # 5: The Value of a Living Dream "Many people don't have a dream," my Rich Dad once said. "Why?" I asked. "Since dreams cost money," he replied. Lighting a Dream I and my wife Kim went to a meeting where the top producer of a network marketing company

NETWORK 7

From the book School of Business author Kiyosaki Robert Tohru

NETWORK 7 Value # 6: What's the Value of the Network In 1974, when I was working for Xerox Corporation in Hawaii, I had a difficult time. I was selling a product known as a telexerox, which was as yet unknown. I was usually asked the question, "Okay, who else has it?" Others

NETWORK 8

From the book School of Business author Kiyosaki Robert Tohru

NET 8 Value # 7: How Your Values \u200b\u200bDefine Your Reality So why are values \u200b\u200bso important? - I was asked in the class where I taught the beginning of building a business. Understanding this question is very important, therefore, after a little thought, I replied: “Since our

NETWORK 9

From the book School of Business author Kiyosaki Robert Tohru

NETWORK 9 Value 8: The Value of Leadership Each year, my Poor Dad stood in front of hundreds of newly recruited school teachers and introduced them to the neighborhood. I remember, as a little boy, I watched him standing on the podium and speaking with great trust and sincerity. I

NETWORK 10

From the book School of Business author Kiyosaki Robert Tohru

NETWORK 10 Why Network Marketing Business Will Grow The prospect of a network marketing business is good. The ongoing economic changes and progressive trends today attract more and more people to this business. Here are some of the economic

Brahma's network - a network of opinions

From the book Early Buddhism: Religion and Philosophy author Lysenko Victoria Georgievna

Brahma's network - a network of opinions After two chapters (small and large) devoted to questions of Buddhist morality (for which the hermit Gotama is praised by ordinary people), a conversation begins about other subjects - “deep, difficult to consider, difficult to think, pacifying, incomprehensible

Degree network

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (GR) of the author TSB

9. When they came out on the ground, they saw a spread fire and on it lying fish and bread. 10. Jesus says to them: Bring the fish that you have now caught. 11. Simon Peter went and pulled out to the earth a net filled with large fish, of which there were one hundred fifty-three; and with such a multitude, the network did not break.

From the book Explanatory Bible. Volume 10 author Lopukhin Alexander

9. When they came out on the ground, they saw a spread fire and on it lying fish and bread. 10. Jesus says to them: Bring the fish that you have now caught. 11. Simon Peter went and pulled out to the earth a net filled with large fish, of which there were one hundred fifty-three; and with such a set, not

Degree network of the Earth - a system of meridians and parallels on geographical maps and globes, which serves to count the geographical coordinates of points on the earth's surface - longitudes and latitudes - or to plot objects on a map by their coordinates.

Certain reference points are required to create a degree network. The spherical shape of the Earth determines the existence of two fixed points on the earth's surface - poles... An imaginary axis passes through the poles around which the Earth rotates.

The main elements of the map degree grid are - poles, equator, meridians and parallels.

Geographic poles - mathematically calculated points of intersection of the imaginary axis of rotation of the Earth with the earth's surface.

Equator - an imaginary line on the earth's surface, obtained by mentally cutting the ellipsoid into two equal parts (Northern and Southern hemispheres).

All points of the equator are equidistant from the poles. The equatorial plane is perpendicular to the Earth's axis of rotation and passes through its center. The hemispheres are mentally separated by many more planes parallel to the plane of the equator.

The lines of their intersection with the surface of the ellipsoid are called parallels .

All of them, like the equatorial plane, are perpendicular to the planet's axis of rotation. You can draw as many parallels as you like on the map and the globe, but usually they are drawn on training maps with an interval of 10-20 °. Parallels are always oriented from west to east. The circumference of parallels decreases from the equator to the poles. It is the largest at the equator and zero at the poles.

When imaginary planes cross the earth's axis, passing through the earth's axis perpendicular to the equatorial plane, large circles are formed - meridians .

Meridians can also be drawn through any point on the ellipsoid. They all intersect at the poles. The meridians are oriented from north to south. Average arc length of 1 ° meridian: 40,008.5 km: 360 ° \u003d 111 km. The length of all meridians is the same. The direction of the local meridian at any point can be determined at noon by the shadow of any object. In the Northern Hemisphere, the end of the shadow always shows the direction to the north, in the Southern Hemisphere - to the south.

The degree network is necessary to read the geographic coordinates of points on the earth's surface - latitude and longitude.

Geographical coordinates.

Geographic coordinates are latitude and longitude.

Geographic latitude- the distance along the meridian in degrees from the equator to any point on the Earth's surface.

The starting point is the equator. The latitude of all points on it is 0. At the poles, the latitude is 90 °. North of the equator, north latitude is measured, south - south.

Geographic longitude- the distance along the parallel in degrees from the prime meridian to any point on the earth's surface.

All meridians are equal in length, so one of them had to be chosen for counting. It was the Greenwich meridian, which runs near London (where the Greenwich Observatory is located). Longitude is counted from 0 ° to 180 °. To the east of the prime meridian to 180 °, east longitude is counted, to the west - west. Thus, using the degree network, you can accurately determine the geographical coordinates - the values \u200b\u200bthat determine the position of a point on the earth's surface relative to the equator and the prime meridian.

The purpose of the lesson:to form the concept of the degree grid, to determine how it looks on the globe and maps, to form the concept of the difference in the image of meridians and parallels on it.

Tasks:

• Developing:
• develop the ability to work with the map;
• to develop practical skills in finding meridians and parallels on the globe and map, to characterize their features;
• develop interest in the subject under study.
• Educational:
• educate the desire to expand your horizons;
• stimulate interest in working with the map and atlas.

Equipment: textbooks, atlases, wall map of the hemispheres, globe, presentation ( Attachment 1 ),Handout.

Basic concepts:map, globe, equator, hemispheres, axis, degree grid, meridians, parallels.

Lesson type: combined.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment

- Good morning, guys! Today I am in a great mood, I am glad to meet you.
What mood are you guys in? ( Appendix 2 ... Distribute in advance). Show the symbol that matches your mood.
One poet said: "Consider that you have lost a day when you did not smile."
And so that he is not lost, look at each other and smile, mentally wish you success.

(This technique allows the teacher to assess the emotional state of the students at the beginning of the lesson).

1. Geographic warm-up - repetition

Teacher:What are the terms of the topic: Site plan - scale - do we know?

Working with terms:

II. Call stage

- Name and show these hemispheres on globes. The equator passes here today (the teacher "lays out" the equator in the classroom: gives the ribbon in the hands of two students so that it passes between groups and two of them are on one side of the line, and two on the other.)
- Open the tutorial on page 28. Notebook entry: Help lines - longitudinal and transverse lines (parallels and meridians) compose a degree grid,with which you can determine the position of any object on our planet. ( Appendix 6 )

Decreasing north and south,
They managed to keep the shape of the circle.
They are all parallel to each other,
Therefore they are called parallels.
The biggest is called the equator,
Small is the point of the pole.
All from the east to the west
And they search for latitudes.

Writing in a notebook: Parallel -these are conventional lines drawn parallel to the equator.

The whole globe is crossed
Converge at the poles.
Gradually move
Hands on any watch.
Across land, oceans
The meridians have laid down.

Writing in a notebook: Meridian -conditional line drawn through the poles.

- What are the names of the helper lines? (Meridians and Parallels)Using the lines of meridians and parallels on the map, you can determine the direction and indicate the position of parts of territories and objects.

Make a cinquain:

• 1 option with the word meridians,
• Option 2 with the word parallels.

- The prime meridian is ... (Greenwich meridian)
- Today it passes here (the teacher "plots" the Greenwich meridian in the classroom similarly to the equator.) The Greenwich meridian is zero. Its longitude is 0 °.
From the Greenwich meridian and start counting in degrees, following strictly along the parallel to the west or east. To the west of the prime meridian, all points have west longitude (W), to the east - east longitude (E). West and East longitudes are measured from 0 ° to 180 °. Russia is located in both hemispheres - Eastern and Western, since the territory of our country is crossed by the 180th meridian.

Fill in the table(slide 19)

Degree grid line properties

IV. Securing the material

- What did you learn in the lesson?
- What is a degree grid, equator, pole, meridian, parallel?
- Can the parallel have a value: 45 °, 78 °, 95 ° (95 is not - only up to 90, the rest - yes)
- Can the meridian have a value: 37 °, 129 °, 181 ° (181 no - only up to 180, the rest - yes)

Insert the missing word:

Conditional line drawn parallel to the equator - ...
The longest parallel is ...
The point of the Earth through which the imaginary earth's axis passes - ...
The shortest parallel is ...
Conditional lines connecting the North and South Poles - ...
What is the border between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres - ...

IV. Reflection stage

Draw a smiley:
Cheerful - I liked the lesson and understood the topic of the lesson;
Sad - did not understand everything in the lesson.
This concludes our lesson. I would like to know, what is your mood now? Thank you guys for your work.

Marking the journal and diaries.

Vi. Lesson summary

Homework:(slide 23)

1. §11, learn new definitions.
2. Determine in which hemispheres all continents of the Earth are located.
3. On the contour map, designate:

Red - equator and prime meridian.
Green - date line and North and South poles
Blue - meridians 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 °, 150 ° (in two hemispheres).
Black - parallels 20 °, 40 °, 60 °, 80 °, (in two hemispheres).

4. Compose the story using the symbols provided.

Composing a cluster (write on the board, students take turns going out and writing down their points of view)
Reception of a cluster, the purpose of which is to systematize the material according to the degree of its significance in a logical sequence, taking into account cause-and-effect relationships.