Instructions for insulating walls from the inside. How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside with different materials Internal and external insulation of the walls of an apartment

Both builders and manufacturers of insulation materials argue about whether it is possible to insulate houses from the inside, but everyone agrees that in most cases, insulating walls from the inside will not be the best solution - if possible, it is better to do external thermal insulation at home. However, if there is no choice, you should carefully study the features and rules for choosing and installing insulation so that the internal thermal insulation is effective, safe and durable. How to insulate the walls of the house from the inside and how to do it?

Indoors, walls can be insulated only in cases where it is impossible to change the facade of the building or there is no access to the outer surface of the wall. It is recommended to avoid wall insulation from the inside of the house because it has a number of significant drawbacks:

The dew point moves inward. The wall begins to freeze through its entire thickness, cold meets warm air at the junction of the wall and the insulation, and condensation forms on its surface. This has many negative consequences: a fungus can develop on a wet wall, the effectiveness of the heat-insulating material decreases, it lags behind the wall, collapses; in addition, the decorative finish is spoiled.
A frozen wall loses its heat storage properties. It becomes difficult to control the temperature of the air in the room - it starts to warm up faster due to the operation of heaters or direct sunlight through the window and cools down faster when airing.

It is impossible to provide 100% thermal insulation, since it will not work to insulate the walls from the inside over their entire surface - cold bridges will remain at the intersection of the outer wall with internal partitions.
The humidity in the room increases. This, again, contributes to the formation of mold and is generally unhealthy. To ensure good air exchange, you will have to constantly ventilate the apartment, which will lead to an increase in heating costs.
The useful area of the apartment is decreasing - especially if, due to climatic conditions in the region, it is necessary to install insulation for the walls of the house in a thick layer.
If thermal insulation work is carried out not before the start of repairs in the room, it is necessary to dismantle all the decorative trim, which complicates the work and makes it more expensive.

The most dangerous consequence of internal thermal insulation is condensate inside the room, which leads to accelerated destruction of walls and damage to finishing materials. This can be partially avoided by accurately calculating the required thickness of the insulation layer and choosing the right material. Thus, warming the house from the inside is expensive and unsafe, but sometimes inevitable.

How to avoid condensation

If you still had to deal with internal thermal insulation, then before you figure out how to insulate the house from the inside, you need to understand whether negative consequences can be avoided. The dryness of the walls inside the house can be ensured by protecting the place where the dew point is formed from moisture.

For this you need:

Use a quality multi-layer waterproofing membrane. Polyethylene film will not work. In addition, it must be properly laid - with an overlap, with sealing of the joints.
Choose a heater with a minimum vapor permeability. If the material from which the walls of the house are made has this indicator higher, then the moisture formed between the insulation and the surface of the wall will not condense, but will come out.
Mount the heater close to the wall. To do this, glue must be applied to it in an even continuous layer, and not with beacons.

Provide forced ventilation of the room, as well as install windows with air exchange valves.
Accurately calculate the thickness of the insulation layer. It is impossible to focus on average parameters, since it is possible to properly insulate walls only by taking into account all the characteristics of a particular material, premises and climatic features of the region.
Treat the insulated wall with antifungal and antibacterial agents. You can use a special antiseptic primer. You can start work only after the surface of the wall is completely saturated and dry.

When insulating an apartment from the inside, it is very important to get rid of all possible cold bridges. They are formed at the joints of the insulation boards and in those places where the wall is connected to the ceilings and internal partitions. To improve the efficiency of insulation, it is necessary to lay the heat-insulating material with a call to the internal walls, floor and ceiling.

The choice of heat-insulating material and the technology of installation of insulation

Mineral wool

It is not recommended to choose this material, since it will not work effectively enough to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside. However, cotton wool is the easiest to use and cheaper than other options, so it is often resorted to.

Vata exists in two versions:

rolls;
basalt slabs.

If there is no other choice, it is better to use wool in the form of plates - this insulation is denser, has better thermal resistance, and does not settle over time. The rolled type of cotton wool has a too high rate of vapor permeability, absorbs moisture well, so that the walls insulated with it will probably get wet. However, there is also a possibility of moisture penetration under the insulation when using plates with a density of 75 kg / m3 or more. You can reduce the risk of condensation by using good vapor barrier material and properly installing thermal insulation.

Insulation from the inside with mineral wool is carried out as follows:

At a distance from the wall surface, a frame is constructed from wooden slats or an aluminum profile.
The first layer of mineral wool is laid under the frame. It is necessary to glue it to the wall as tightly as possible.
The second layer of basalt wool slabs is laid between the frame laths with the joints offset relative to the first layer.
A layer of vapor barrier membrane is laid.
Drywall is mounted on the frame.

Due to the characteristics of mineral wool vapor barrier, special attention must be paid when the internal insulation of the walls of the house is carried out. Polyethylene film cannot be used, a more effective vapor barrier multi-layer membrane is needed. It can be attached to a wooden frame with a stapler, be sure to overlap; it is glued to the profile with double-sided tape.

The overlap when laying the membrane should be at least 100 mm, the joints should fall on the frame elements and be glued securely. The vapor barrier must extend to the surfaces adjacent to the wall. Places of contact of the membrane with the surfaces should be additionally sealed. Liquid sealant is applied to a wall, pipe or other structure, then the membrane is pressed against the junction; after the sealant dries, the membrane is fixed with adhesive tape.

High-quality installation will reduce, but not completely eliminate the risk of condensation when using mineral wool. It is better to consider other, polymeric, types of insulation for walls from the inside.

Styrofoam and XPS

Expanded polystyrene, or polystyrene, is much better suited for insulating a wall in an apartment from the inside. This is facilitated by its following characteristics:

low thermal conductivity due to the presence of air in the cells of the material;
low vapor permeability and almost no hygroscopicity;
high strength, including compressive and tensile strength;
small mass;
ease of processing with your own hands - you can cut the material with an ordinary knife.

Ordinary or extruded polystyrene foam of sufficient density, even with a relatively small thickness, will provide quite effective thermal insulation of the room. It is recommended to choose it not only because of the ease of installation, but also because it can be most effectively insulated from the inside of the apartment: it does not allow moisture to pass through, so condensation will not appear. The main thing is to correctly glue the foam plates, sealing the joints and ensuring a snug fit to the wall.

When using expanded polystyrene for thermal insulation of residential premises, it is important to take into account some of its disadvantages. So, it practically does not protect against noise. In addition, when burned, it releases toxic compounds into the air. Another disadvantage is the high cost of EPPS, but it is compensated by the fact that it is not necessary to lay a vapor barrier membrane, and it will definitely not be necessary to redo the thermal insulation due to the destruction of the insulation, as is the case with improper installation of stone wool.

Polystyrene insulation for walls inside the apartment should have a high density - 25–30 kg / m3. You can determine the density by marking, which looks like "PSB-S-25", where 25 means the desired parameter.

Installation of expanded polystyrene plates on the inner wall is carried out as follows:

The surface of the wall is cleaned, primed and dried.
Insulation plates are glued in rows with offset joints. It is advisable to use polyurethane adhesive, which is applied to the entire surface of the expanded polystyrene board.
Additionally, the plates are fixed with special plastic dowels.
Joints are sealed with silicone sealant, large gaps are filled with mounting foam.
Reinforcing fiberglass fabric is overlapped over the insulation. On top of it, you can lay the plaster under the decorative finish. Another option is to immediately glue drywall instead of reinforcement.

There is another installation method. At the long ends of the PPS plates, grooves in the form of corners are selected. Two plates are joined, the seam is sealed. Then a wooden board is inserted into the groove. The resulting structure is fixed on the wall with self-tapping screws. This method is more convenient, since in this case it is possible to insulate the room faster and more economically. In addition, the boards can be used as a frame for attaching drywall.

Should other options be considered?

There are also more modern insulation for walls from the inside - polyurethane foam, heat-insulating plaster, polyethylene foam and even ceramic-based thermal paint. Among them, only the first material is worthy of attention; other options are actually of little use for insulating an apartment from the inside. Polyurethane foam is a regular foam, similar to mounting, which is applied to the surface to be insulated using a special sprayer.

The material is good in that it reliably adheres to any surface, penetrates into all cracks, is monolithic and vapor-tight. It hardens quickly and does not form any cold bridges. However, polyurethane foam is quite expensive, and working with it on your own will not work.

Thus, if it is necessary to insulate the walls from the inside, it is best to use polystyrene foam. This heat insulator has the most suitable characteristics, and it is not difficult to install it yourself. Subject to the insulation technology, it will effectively protect the house from the cold.

Each owner has his own, individual requirements for how his house or apartment should be. The exception to the rule is heat. Especially in the cold season, when the outside temperature goes to minus.

With the fact that housing should not only be beautiful, but also capable of maintaining a comfortable temperature even with a big minus, everyone agrees without exception.

The reason for this unanimity lies not only in the desire to avoid the need to be at home in warm clothes that hinder movement.

The main troubles following the freezing of the walls are condensation, mold and fungi that affect the health of residents.

In addition, the walls themselves suffer. If mold and fungus can be eliminated, then restore the quality of the affected wall succeeds not always.

The way out of the situation is internal wall insulation, protection from the cold during frost, and from condensate during periods of thaw.

Advantages and disadvantages of thermal insulation

Usually the culprit decrease in comfortable temperature level indoors are heating systems, poorly insulated windows, or the roof of the house. If the heating, windows and roofing are normal, then the problem is really in freezing walls that require additional thermal insulation.

The indisputable advantages of internal protection of walls from freezing include:

the ability to insulate any room;
performance of work at any time of the year;
the ability to carry out all the work independently (significant savings);
increasing the sound insulation of the home.

The disadvantages include:

mandatory requirements for providing vapor barrier;
the need to use heaters with excessive thickness;
consequences in the form of internal drafts;
the need to create additional ventilation due to increased humidity;

Is it possible to insulate the walls inside the apartment?

Despite the fact that the option of internal insulation seems, at first glance, the most effective and profitable, experts recommend resorting to it only in the most extreme cases if there is no other way out.

If the operating organization promises to carry out external insulation for years, but the residents do not have their own funds, then everything that is not recommended can be done, since is not strictly prohibited.

A significant minus of mineral wool - ability to absorb moisture. The resulting dampness is an excellent breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria. In addition, excess water reduces thermal engineering priorities.

For a panel house, for example, the choice in favor of mineral wool will not be the most successful. However, in the event that it is necessary to insulate the walls of a wooden structure, it is better not to find mineral wool.

This natural organic material is capable of spontaneously remove the resulting steam behind the building outline, protecting the wood used for construction.

Styrofoam

One of the most important characteristics of insulating materials - moisture resistance and low specific gravity.

If mineral wool cannot boast of the ability to withstand moisture, then expanded polystyrene, both foamed and extruded (EPS), is quite satisfies the requirement.

The advantages of the material also include a small specific gravity of the sheets and the absence of the need to install a metal frame.

All it takes is insulation of sheet joints polystyrene foam and walls through the use of polyurethane wool.

The sheets of expanded polystyrene themselves are attached to the wall with glue or dowels.

Styrofoam

Obtained by foaming a suspension polymer.

It has a specific structural structure, which determines its high strength and duration of service life, exceeding the similar characteristic of popular mineral wool.

Polyfoam, despite its high popularity, has both significant pluses and minuses.

Pros:

high resistance to moisture;

excellent thermal insulation properties;

resistant to mold and fungus;

easy to handle and install;

light;

additional waterproofing is not required;

has high resistance to temperature extremes, heat, frost;

provides good sound insulation;

cheap.

Minuses:

needs protection from mechanical damage due to limited mechanical strength;

does not pass air;

fire hazardous;

interaction with nitro-paints and nitro-varnishes should not be allowed;

polyurethane foam

This material is considered a leader among modern heaters due to its reliability. Among the disadvantages of polyurethane foam are noted the need to install frames.

Taking extra security measures in connection with the application of a liquid two-component substance by spraying, as well as plastering with the additional use of nylon nets.

Among the advantages of polyurethane foam: high moisture resistance, minimum curing time, no need to use fasteners.

glass wool

The characteristics are similar to mineral wool. The advantages include a lower cost than mineral wool. The main downside is shrinkage over time. In addition, glass wool is characterized by high fragility of the fibers. This complicates installation and requires careful observance of safety regulations.

Environmentally friendly materials

We are talking about such unusual materials as straw, reeds, gypsum panels. In spite of difficulty in purchasing and the search for a work contractor, this option of heaters is becoming more and more popular.

But if there is no particular desire to search for material and an artist, then you can use at least environmentally friendly materials- cork insulation or fibrolite, which is made from wood chips.

In this article, you can learn how to soundproof walls in an apartment.

Criterias of choice

In order to choose the most successful version of the insulation intended for internal wall insulation, it is necessary first of all pay attention to the following characteristics:

Resistance to high temperatures and open flame (fire safety).

Low thermal conductivity, preventing the outflow of heat from the room.

Safety (absence of toxic substances and toxic impurities).

Durability and the ability to retain its original shape for a long time.

Resistant to moisture and aggressive substances.

Also an important role is played by the material from which the walls are made, and its characteristics.

If the walls are planned to be plastered, then it is best to insulate them with extruded polystyrene foam. Peculiarity - the flammability group of EPPS should not exceed G1.

The choice in favor of expanded polystyrene is also justified minimal usable space.

If the walls are sheathed with drywall, then they can be insulated with mineral wool and other soft insulation, with the obligatory laying of a vapor barrier layer.

It is not recommended to insulate walls in panel houses with foam plastic, due to its high flammability and ability to store moisture.

The main task of the internal insulation of a house made of foam blocks is to provide vapor barrier of thermal insulation material on both sides. Also must be trimmed(second wall). For this purpose, drywall or lining is used.

Accordingly, soft cotton insulation or polystyrene foam will not work. It is best to use polyurethane foam, foam plastic and polystyrene foam.

The wooden house is made of environmentally friendly material, and the choice of insulation is guided precisely by this characteristic. The best option for warming the wooden walls of a private house is laying ecowool. It is also possible to use polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam, which cannot be said about polystyrene foam.

Expanded polystyrene during operation begins to release carcinogenic substances harmful to humans and animals.

Mineral wool is well suited for warming the apartment, if space permits. You can also use foam, provided that a layer of liquid waterproofing is first applied to the prepared wall surface.

However, foam, like foam or foil foam, refers to waterproof materials, increasing the risk of mold and mildew.

Cork material, warm plaster or fiberboard is excellent for insulating the walls of an apartment. This is only a small part of the insulation materials available for sale, so the choice must be made. based on the characteristics of the outer wall of the apartment, as well as options for finishing the room.

How to insulate walls with your own hands?

The algorithm for insulating walls in an apartment from the inside depends on the type of house and the selected insulation. but the main stages of work remain unchanged for any options:

Insulation of walls from the inside with foam: video instruction.

Insulation plaster

Protective leveling layer on the surface of polystyrene insulation created with reinforcing mesh and a special mass designed for this type of material.

Grid, which does not allow the decorative coating to deform in the future, is glued with a thin layer of plaster. Then a thin leveling layer is applied universal weight. The treated surface is left to dry for at least a day.

After drying, the surface can be rubbed. After rubbing, the treated surface is primed. The last stage of work is decoration.

September 3, 2016
Specialization: facade finishing, interior finishing, construction of dachas, garages. The experience of an amateur gardener and horticulturist. He also has experience repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and much more, for which there is not enough time :)

Recently, with the constant increase in energy prices, people tend to insulate their apartments. This procedure really allows you to save on heating and make your home more comfortable, but at the same time, it must be done correctly so that you do not encounter a number of problems later. Therefore, in this article we will consider how to insulate the walls of an apartment inside, and whether it makes sense to do this at all.

Is it worth it to insulate the walls from the inside

Insulating walls from the inside, of course, is much easier than from the outside. However, I will immediately note that this is far from the best solution for a number of reasons:

after the installation of thermal insulation, the walls will no longer warm up at all, as a result of which between them and the wall will be formed. This, in turn, can lead to the formation of mold and even the appearance of cracks on the walls;
when the heater is located from the inside, it is not possible to insulate the ceiling, as a result, the ceiling also turns out to be “cold”, and condensation may form on it;
insulation from the inside takes up living space. In a large apartment, this, of course, will be practically unnoticeable, but for a Khrushchev apartment, where every square centimeter counts, the usable area decreases significantly.

This raises the question - why do internal insulation at all, if it has so many shortcomings? The fact is that it is not always possible to insulate the walls from the outside. For example, if the facade of your house faces the central city street or square, then local authorities are unlikely to allow you to change its appearance.

In addition, sometimes it is not possible to perform external insulation for technical reasons, for example, if the wall is adjacent to an unheated elevator shaft. Thus, it makes sense to implement wall insulation from the inside in the apartment in the following cases:

if it is not possible to place the insulation outside;
if internal insulation is used as an addition to the external one. Even if the additional insulation on the walls is thin enough, it will become much more comfortable inside the housing.

After the walls are insulated from the inside, it is necessary to ensure high-quality ventilation of the room, since the apartment, in fact, turns into a large sealed thermos. This, in turn, will lead to an increase in humidity and a deterioration in the microclimate.

In other cases, it is better to insulate the apartment from the outside.

Warming technology

The process of insulating walls with your own hands from the inside includes several stages:

Each of these stages has its own nuances, which we will discuss below.

Preparation of materials

You need to start work on insulation, of course, with the preparation of materials. Since people are often interested in the best way to insulate housing from the inside, I will say a few words about the insulation.

In principle, you can use any thermal insulation material, since their degree of thermal conductivity differs slightly. However, it should be borne in mind that the material will not be located in housing, but outside it. Therefore, it is better to refuse polystyrene, but mineral wool is a good solution - this heat insulator is much more environmentally friendly, and also fireproof.

In addition to insulation, you will need the following materials:

vapor barrier film - prevents the penetration of moisture into the insulation. If it is not used, then the insulation will be saturated with water, which entails a number of negative consequences;

material for mounting the frame - it can be wooden bars or boards. However, most often they use a regular mounting profile. In this case, you will need more brackets and guides;
drywall or other material for sheathing the frame (lining, plastic panels, etc.)

To complete the purchase of all these materials, you must first calculate the square of the walls. Knowing what the price of each of the materials is, you can calculate the cost of internal insulation in advance.

Wall preparation

So, we figured out how to insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside. Now let's get to work.

As mentioned above, before insulating the wall from the inside in the apartment, it must be prepared. This is done as follows:

first of all, it is necessary to remove the old coating from the wall - wallpaper, tiles, etc. If the wall is covered with gypsum putty or plaster, it is also desirable to remove it.
As mentioned above, moisture will form between the wall and the insulation, as a result of which the gypsum will soak, respectively, this will not lead to anything good. You can remove the plaster with a chisel and a hammer or a puncher turned on in impact mode.

then be sure to treat the wall with antiseptics that will prevent mold. Instructions for use of drugs are usually available on the package.

To achieve the maximum effect of insulation, it is necessary to insulate the ceiling as well, i.e. overlap, which will be adjacent to the frozen wall. This can be done using the wet method - glue the mineral wool plates and additionally fix them with dowels. The surface of the insulation is plastered, on our portal you can get detailed information on how this is done.

This completes the preparation process.

Arrangement of the ventilation gap

The process of arranging the ventilation gap is carried out at the stage of waterproofing the walls. It should be noted that many construction sites offer thermal insulation from the inside without a ventilation gap.

The big disadvantage of such a scheme is that moisture is necessarily formed between the wall and the insulation, which does not go anywhere, which leads to the destruction of the wall. Therefore, it is better to refuse its implementation.

Arrangement of the ventilation gap is carried out in the following sequence:

attach wooden slats about two centimeters thick to the walls. You can arrange them horizontally in increments of about a meter. You can attach the slats to the walls with dowel-nails.
The slats must first be treated with a protective compound so that they do not rot in a humid environment;
then several holes must be made in the wall in order for the ventilation gap to work. To do this, drill holes with a diameter of about 20 mm. To prevent the holes from clogging, they must be protected with a mesh;
further, a vapor barrier film is attached to the resulting crate. Moreover, it should be stretched so that a ventilation gap is formed between the wall and the film.

To drill holes from the inside in a panel house for dowel-nails, you should use a puncher with a pobedit drill.

Frame installation

The frame consists of vertical racks, which are arranged in increments equal to the width of the heat insulator plates. In order for the insulation to fit securely to the uprights, the step between them can be made even a centimeter less than the width of the insulation.

The frame assembly process is as follows:

first of all, mark the walls, according to which the racks and rails will be located. It should be noted that the distance between the wall (vapor barrier in our case) and the rails that will be mounted on the ceiling and floor must be no less than the thickness of the heat insulator so that the insulation can fit inside the frame;
further, brackets are attached to the vapor barrier rails according to the markings, which will hold the racks. Multiple brackets should be used for each rack. For mounting the latter, self-tapping screws are usually used;
rack rails are then attached to the floor and ceiling. They should be located strictly opposite each other so that the racks stand vertically. Therefore, before performing their installation, you should make sure that the markup is accurate;
then the racks are inserted into the rails and fixed with brackets, as shown in the diagram above.

For cutting a metal profile, you can use special scissors for metal.

By the same principle, the installation of the frame from the bars is carried out. The only thing is that in this case guides are not used, so the racks are installed simply according to the markings.

The installation of the insulation is extremely simple - if the racks are located correctly, then the mineral wool plates are simply inserted between them, and their additional fixation is not required. The only thing to avoid cold bridges should be filled with insulation and the space between the wall and the racks.

To do this, you can cut the mineral wool into strips of the required size. You can cut the plates with an ordinary hacksaw for wood.

Mineral wool fibers getting on the skin and especially in the eyes cause severe irritation. Therefore, when working with it, use personal protective equipment.

If gaps form between the mineral wool plates, they must also be filled with insulation. In addition, it is necessary to ensure a tight fit of the mineral wool to the floor and ceiling. I note that these, at first glance, trifles should not be neglected, since the effectiveness of insulation largely depends on them.

After the insulation is laid, another layer of vapor barrier should be fixed to the frame. If the frame is wooden, then you can use a construction stapler to fix it.

If the frame is metal, the vapor barrier can be temporarily fixed with tape. Subsequently, the film will be fixed with sheathing material.

On forums, people are often interested in how to insulate a wall from the inside in a corner apartment? In fact, the technology is no different.

Frame sheathing

As a rule, the sheathing of the frame in the apartment is carried out with drywall. Therefore, in the end, I will briefly describe the technology of its installation and further finishing:

work must begin with cutting drywall into sheets of a suitable size. To do this, mark the sheets, then cut the cardboard on one side along the marked line with a mounting knife, then break the sheet, and then cut the cardboard on the other side;
prepared sheets should be attached to the frame with self-tapping screws, which should be located at a distance of 5-10 cm from each other. Self-tapping screws must be recessed;

then, at the joints of the sheets, you need to cut a chamfer 5 mm wide. If the end is rounded, the chamfer does not need to be cut;
then a special self-adhesive mesh is glued to the seams between the sheets;

further, the caps of the self-tapping screws and the joints between the sheets are smeared with gypsum putty;
after that, the entire surface of the walls is puttied. On our portal you can find detailed information on how to properly perform puttying;
then the surface is polished with a special grater, on which the mesh is put on:
after that, another layer of finishing putty is applied and final sanding is performed.

Sanding must be done in bright light. In this case, you will see all the flaws that need to be eliminated.

This completes the wall cladding and finishing process. Now you can paint it or, for example, stick wallpaper on it.

If lining or wooden panels are used as cladding, they are simply attached to the frame with self-tapping screws. Accordingly, the skin takes much less time.

Here, in fact, is all the information on how to insulate the walls of an apartment from the inside with your own hands.

Conclusion

I told you how to insulate the walls inside with minimal negative consequences. Therefore, do not try to simplify the process and move away from the technology outlined above. Its observance will allow you to make the apartment really warm and cozy.

For more information, see the video in this article. If you encounter any difficulties in the process of warming or some points are not clear to you, ask questions in the comments, and I will be happy to answer you.

September 3, 2016

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The construction market does not stand still. Today in specialized stores you can find a large assortment of materials intended for internal wall insulation. How to choose from the whole variety of heat insulators what is best suited for a dwelling, warehouse, office building or premises for other purposes?

The choice of the optimal option, first of all, should be focused on achieving the primary goal - increasing the air temperature in the room during the cold season. But, besides this, it is important to take into account the environmental friendliness of the material, its ability to create an optimal microclimate. After all, if you treat internal insulation without proper preparation, then all the work will only aggravate the situation: the appearance of excessive dampness, the formation of fungi and a layer of mold on the walls and ceiling.

Each of the proposed options for insulation has its own styling features, disadvantages and advantages in use. It is worth dwelling on the issue of choosing a heat insulator in more detail.

Each of the proposed options for insulation has its own styling features.

The parameters that the material used to insulate the apartment from the inside must comply with:

Thermal conductivity. If the thermal conductivity of the material is high, the insulation layer must be larger, which leads to a decrease in the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and an increase in cost. The ability to retain heat is one of the key parameters that you need to focus on when deciding what is the best way to insulate an apartment.
Strength, resistance to mechanical damage. The use of brittle material reduces the life of the insulation, and also increases the cost and time required to complete the work.
Environmental friendliness. When insulating a residential apartment, it is advisable to choose a harmless material. After all, wall insulation for an apartment or residential building must be safe, not emit harmful substances.
Vapor permeability. Taking into account this indicator, you can avoid many problems associated with an increase in humidity in the apartment.
Biostability. This indicator gives an assessment of the ability of the material to resist the spread and attack of biological organisms such as fungi. In addition to the external manifestation, microorganisms contribute to the destruction of the material and the loss of its original properties.
Profitability. Naturally, you don’t want to spend extra money on wall insulation in an apartment, but you shouldn’t save too much in this matter either.

Different materials have their own operational features and differ in certain parameters. Therefore, before you go to the store, you should familiarize yourself with these characteristics. After all, not only the warmth and comfort in the apartment, but also its suitability for comfortable living depends on the answer to the question, which insulation to choose for the walls.

Styrofoam

Today, this heat-insulating material is the most popular due to several of its advantages:

proven effectiveness. Polyfoam has low thermal conductivity, which allows it to retain heat well, and low vapor and water permeability, which does not allow liquid to accumulate inside the insulation;
low cost compared to other materials;
ease of installation. Styrofoam does not require the installation of additional frames, it is attached by gluing to a pre-plastered surface;
versatility. This material is suitable for both indoor and outdoor work, it creates a reliable heat-insulating barrier of the ceiling, walls, roof, floor, ceilings between floors.

Plates penoplex

This material has several names: expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene and is considered a higher quality "relative" of its fellow polystyrene.

What distinguishes foam from polystyrene:

fine-cell structure allows you to better retain heat and protect against the penetration of cold;
increased strength. Under heavy loads, the plates do not deform, but are easily cut with a knife. Due to its strength, this material is good for use both for insulation from the inside in a private house and for outdoor work;
long service life. The warranty period during which the penoplex will retain its properties is 50 years;
penoplex is resistant to mold, rodents do not like it. In addition, this material does not emit toxic substances during combustion, as polystyrene, which gives it an additional plus for insulating walls inside the room;
in order to decide how to insulate the wall of your apartment from the inside, it is useful to pay attention to the cost of penoplex. It is higher than the price of polystyrene, but it is quite justified.

mineral wool

This type of insulation belongs to the category of mineral materials and has been used in construction for a long time. Compared to its newer counterparts, it has a number of disadvantages, but due to its effectiveness and low cost, it still remains a fairly popular material.

Features of mineral wool:

Susceptibility to mechanical damage is a significant disadvantage. When performing interior work, it is important to take into account that glass wool fibers scatter easily. This should be taken into account by the master and how to equip. If you decide to work with the material yourself, do not neglect protective equipment: goggles, a respirator, gloves, as well as clothing that protects the body well. In addition, the owners need to completely free the insulated room from furniture or objects that can retain glass wool fibers.
The cost of this material is quite low, which explains the feasibility of its use.
Compared to polystyrene, the thermal conductivity of mineral wool is higher, so it retains heat worse.
Mounting feature. To install glass wool, it is not necessary to plaster the surface of the insulated wall, but you need to mount a frame to fix the material. You also need to provide a layer of vapor barrier. Usually it is a dense film, with which the insulation layer is completely sewn up. It is tightly attached to the floor, frame and ceiling.
When insulating with glass wool, more of the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room is eaten. That is why mineral wool is the answer to the question: how do the walls inside the apartment insulate.

Thanks to continuous development, today it is possible to insulate a wall even with plaster. The plastering technology for the purpose of insulating the internal walls is thought out to the smallest detail. Nuances that are important to consider when choosing this method of insulation:

Be sure to apply 3 layers. The first of which is a splash. The liquid solution is applied to the wall with a layer of 5-10 mm. This is done so that the material fills all the gaps. The second layer is 50-60 mm and is applied in three stages. This is the longest process, since each subsequent layer is applied after the previous one dries. The final layer is most often laid with a thickness of 3-5 mm. Its purpose is to completely level the wall and create a flat surface. The solution for this layer is sand diluted in water, which is rubbed into the base layer.
The advantage of this type of insulation is durability and resistance to mechanical damage.
The disadvantage is the higher cost compared to foam and the greater complexity and duration of the work.
Plastering retains heat less than foam materials.

polyurethane foam

This type of insulation is a dense foam that is applied directly to the wall by spraying. To work with this material, it is not necessary to carry out additional preparation of the wall, it is enough to mount the frame and fill it with material. Polyurethane foam is one of the latest developments in the construction industry, which boasts many advantages:

ease of use. Polyurethane foam is quite easy to work with even for beginners. The time required to complete the work is less than when plastering.
does not require waterproofing, as it does not let water through and does not get wet, like mineral wool.
low thermal conductivity, as a result - the material retains heat well inside the apartment.
has good adhesion to any surfaces, so that it forms one whole with the wall. It can even be applied to the ceiling.
allows you to insulate walls of any configuration, since the application method does not provide for the formation of seams and cracks.

Cork wallpaper is also a novelty in the field of insulation. Consider some aspects:

environmental friendliness. If you are deciding how best to insulate a room from an environmental point of view, then this material will completely satisfy you;
saving usable space. The use of wallpaper will not take many centimeters from the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room or balcony, since they are relatively thin;
low ability to retain heat. A plus for saving space is a minus when it comes to thermal insulation characteristics. Due to the fact that the layer is quite thin, it is not enough to fully insulate the building;
attractive decorative finish;
ease of use will allow you to insulate the apartment yourself, which in turn will save a lot of money.

How to insulate the walls in each case depends on the location of the building to be insulated, the initial budget, the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment, the minimum temperatures in the cold season and other characteristics. Having familiarized yourself with the characteristics of insulating materials, you can make your house or apartment warm and cozy without involving qualified workers.

Owners of corner apartments especially often face problems such as excessive dampness or cold. The heating system does not always work efficiently. Therefore, it is important to know how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside and minimize energy losses. With the right approach, it will be possible to significantly improve the microclimate in the room, make it more comfortable for living. In this material, we will tell you how to properly carry out the installation of insulation and what is required for this.

The layout of corner apartments in terms of energy consumption for heating is not the most optimal due to the presence of two external walls. And as a rule, in such conditions, even the presence of additional heating devices does not save residents from the cold. Before the heating season, when the temperature drops sharply outside, the heat begins to quickly leave the room, which is why the apartment becomes cold, dampness and fungus appear. If the walls are not insulated, it will be uncomfortable to be in such a room.

When the central heating is turned on, the situation improves a little, as it gets warmer, but the corner walls can freeze. This leads to damage to the plaster layer, peeling wallpaper. As a result, mold and various types of fungus begin to develop in such places. Such a microclimate causes discomfort and does not have the best effect on the health of residents. Due to dampness and low temperatures, colds are becoming commonplace for many residents of corner apartments.

A bit of theory: dew point

In construction, the concept of "dew point" is used.

The dew point is the temperature at which condensation forms (moisture from the air turns into water droplets). In relation to the enclosing structures of the house, such a point can be located both on the surfaces of the wall from the outside or inside, and in its thickness.

In a period of high humidity and low temperatures, the microclimate of the apartment contributes to the formation of condensate. Due to an incorrectly located dew point, mold and fungus begin to develop on the walls. It is better to insulate them from the outside. This approach will make the walls inside the room warmer and transfer the dew point to its outer edge. This will help get rid of mold and mildew. If it is not possible to insulate the apartment from the outside, then it is allowed to insulate the end wall from the inside. In this case, it is necessary to choose a heater so that the dew point is in the thickness of the supporting structure.

Clear optimum dew point position

Insulating the walls will help make the room warmer and get rid of dampness. The microclimate will become much more comfortable, and residents will not have to worry about their health. However, it is important to properly insulate the room so that the result is as effective as possible.

Which material to choose - mineral wool or foam?

When choosing a heater, you need to take into account the features of the room. Any material must have properties:

fire resistance;
environmental friendliness (in the case of internal insulation, this factor plays a key role);
ability to absorb moisture;
high properties of thermal insulation and air permeability.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is made from basalt and is the most popular material for wall insulation. It perfectly retains heat indoors, but easily passes air, which provides good ventilation. The air in the room is always fresh and does not stagnate, which also allows you to get rid of high humidity. The material is highly elastic, which is convenient for installation. However, over time, basalt wool tends to deform, absorbing excess moisture. Therefore, when installing mineral wool, they arrange a crate.

Among other shortcomings, one can note the harmfulness to the respiratory system. When used indoors, the degree of toxicity is not very high, but still the material is more suitable for outdoor decoration. Another disadvantage is the increased weight.

Styrofoam

The main advantages of polystyrene are its cost and high thermal insulation ability. The material is breathable, lightweight and easy to install. It is non-toxic, which makes it great for interior decoration. Light weight will allow all work to be carried out independently without the involvement of builders. Particularly effective for internal insulation. However, there are also disadvantages. Styrofoam is highly flammable, and is also not suitable for insulating wooden structures, since condensation will form on such surfaces.

Features of insulation of corner apartments of a panel house

The installation process of panel wall fencing is different for wall decoration inside or outside the room. Let's take a closer look at the main differences.

The nuances of installing thermal insulation from the inside of the room

In a panel house, with internal insulation, the material must be laid on bare walls, which is why the procedure is best carried out during the overhaul process. Installation work begins with the installation of a waterproofing layer, which is most often a polyethylene film with special breathable membranes. It is best to use a single piece of film on the entire surface of the wall. A metal frame is installed on the waterproofing layer. After installation of the crate, sheets of insulating material are installed.

An example of internal insulation of the corner of an apartment with mineral wool on a steel frame

Mounting from the outside of the panel

When carrying out work from the outside of the room, all foreign objects are initially removed from the surface of the walls, their surface is thoroughly cleaned. The crate is installed directly on the surface of the walls. Next, two layers of waterproofing are installed with a layer of vapor insulator between them. Sheets of the main insulation are installed on top. Outside, decorative cladding is performed.

Features of insulation of corner apartments of brick houses

The procedure for insulating brick surfaces is not much different from panel ones. Consider the features of external and internal insulation of such surfaces.

Nuances of internal installation

Styrofoam is most often used for internal wall insulation in brick houses. Before starting installation work, any trim is removed. The surface is carefully plastered, and then treated with a primer. It is very important to apply the primer in an even layer so that after drying, the formation of cracks does not begin.

Insulation sheets are installed on the still wet material. The insulation material is fastened to the construction adhesive. It is very important to pay attention to the components of the composition. The adhesive material must not emit toxic fumes.

Video: an example of thermal insulation of an apartment with Penoplex plates

Warming from the outside

Mineral wool is most often used for outdoor work. The start of work occurs according to a similar algorithm. On the outside, the panels are protected with an additional layer of primer to resist weathering, and a decorative finish is applied over the protective layer.

The corner apartment of a brick house is insulated from the outside

A brief overview of foam grades for wall insulation from the inside

In building materials stores, you can see a fairly large assortment of foam plastic brands. Consider the most common of them. Regardless of the brand, there can be two types of labels on the box: “PS” and “PSB”. The first indicates that the material was made by pressing, the second - non-press method.

C-15 is considered a popular brand of foam. This type is made without pressing. Due to its high density, it is excellent for both indoor and outdoor use. However, foam plastic grade S-25 PSB is best suited for warming corner apartments. This is a higher density material that can also be used for floor insulation. Grade S-35 PSB is distinguished by excellent resistance to extreme weather conditions. It is characterized by high fire resistance, as well as the ability to easily withstand mechanical damage. The densest variety is the S-50 PSB. This is a rather expensive material, which is usually used with frequent hail and constant strong winds.

For internal insulation, only the first two options are used.

A brief overview of mineral wool brands for wall insulation from the inside

There are four most popular varieties of mineral wool: P-75, P-125, PZH-200 and PZH-175. For interior work, only the first two varieties are used. Cotton wool P-75 is the lightest and has a relatively low density. P-125 is more rigid and is used for interior decoration in cold climates. The last two types, due to their increased density, are used only for outdoor work.

The best manufacturers of insulation materials are: Isover, Isorok, Ursa, and Rockwool.

Alternative modern heaters

There are many non-standard alternative ways to insulate corner apartments. They are distinguished by the use of modern innovative materials.

polyurethane foam

PPU insulation meets all requirements for vapor barrier, water absorption and the absence of seams. Therefore, even if there is a dew point inside the layer, it will remain “conditional”, since there is no condensation in vapor-tight materials. It turns out from the side of the room a completely sealed heat-insulating layer.

Wall insulated with polyurethane foam

Keramoizol

Modern building material, which is characterized by increased thermal insulation. Sold in liquid form. For the most effective insulation, 6 layers are laid on the wall in a direction perpendicular to each other.

Astratek is a liquid insulation material. It can be applied to the surface with a sprayer or a brush, and after drying it forms a strong and elastic substance with a porous structure. Such insulation perfectly passes air, but effectively retains heat inside the building.

Liquid thermal insulation using Mascoat as an example

The paint of a well-known American manufacturer has increased thermal insulation properties, and also repels moisture very effectively. Its efficiency is 5 times higher than mineral wool. 1 mm. In terms of efficiency, paints will not yield to a layer of mineral wool half a centimeter thick. It is applied to the surface of the wall in the same way as ordinary paint. It can be used simultaneously for decorative finishing.

polyph

This material is made from a polyethylene base. Its thermal insulation properties are slightly lower than those of the previous options, but the material also has its advantages. A durable polyethylene film made by foaming is covered on the inside with a thin layer of foil. Sheets of paper are glued on top on both sides. Outwardly, the material resembles wallpaper, often used as a preparatory finish before gluing them. The main disadvantage is the possibility of using only for dry walls. It may not be suitable for a corner apartment, since such rooms are characterized by high humidity.

Penofol

Penofol is a combination of polyethylene foam with aluminum foil. This is a whole series of materials (including single-sided, double-sided, laminated, with an adhesive layer). Moreover, it can be used both in combination with other heat-insulating materials, and independently.

Penofol - an alternative insulation

Non-standard method of insulation - electric

A new, but quite effective way to insulate walls in a corner apartment is to use the principle of underfloor heating. Panels with electric heaters are mounted indoors on the surface of the walls and connected to the mains. The control unit is installed in a separate accessible place. For proper installation, it is very important to wait for frost, and then turn on the equipment until the walls are completely dry. Only after that an additional heat-insulating layer is laid and a decorative finish is performed.

This method of insulation is very effective, but has one big drawback. In cold weather, you will need to regularly maintain a stable temperature to prevent the formation of dampness and condensation. This will result in additional energy costs. The purchase of an insulation system itself will require considerable costs, and then you will have to pay for regular operation. However, this approach allows you to create the perfect microclimate inside the corner room in cold weather.

What are the conclusions?

The procedure for insulating the walls of a corner apartment is not considered difficult, but it has many nuances. It is very important to choose high-quality material for insulation, which will provide high thermal insulation and a comfortable microclimate in the room. Internal insulation is an easy way to do it yourself, which is why it is more popular. However, if the apartment has high humidity of the walls and the formation of mold on their surface, it is better to call the masters for external insulation. You can also consider using effective and cheap alternative methods.