Who among us does not dream of a comfortable microclimate in the house? Probably everyone. This can be achieved only with competent adjustment of the heating system, where the boiler plays the main role. And in order for such expensive equipment to uninterruptedly generate heat for many years, not to overheat or fail, and the boiler piping is needed.
What is the piping of the heating system
A piping is a set of equipment and pipes that provides radiators with a heat carrier.
The piping includes everything between the boiler and radiators.
Simply put, the piping is needed in order to connect the boiler with heating devices (radiators) or with a boiler.
Many unknowingly do not attach importance to this part of the heating system and it is completely in vain. Correctly made strapping:
In other words, the piping ensures reliability, safety and high performance of the entire heating system, creates coziness and comfort in the house.
Gas boiler piping schemes: connecting a thermostat, shut-off valves and hydraulic elements
The general piping scheme is pretty simple. It does not depend on the type of fuel and is suitable for any type of boilers, including condensing and solid fuel boilers. Includes the following components:
The choice of strapping method depends on:
The most popular is the piping of boiler equipment with forced circulation, because it is the most practical and convenient.
The most popular is the piping of boiler equipment with forced circulation, because it is the most practical and convenient.
An electric pump is responsible for the movement of the heat carrier in this circuit, thanks to which hot water circulates in the system.
Nevertheless, such a scheme has its drawbacks - the presence of a large number of pipes, shut-off and control valves and its considerable price, the need for balancing between all links, dependence on energy sources. This complicates the circuit and makes the installation of the heating system more expensive.
Installation of a double-circuit boiler requires just such a piping scheme.
The piping of the boiler with natural circulation is much easier than the classic one, if necessary, you can install it yourself.
Boiler piping with natural circulation is much easier than the classic one; if necessary, you can install it yourself
In this scheme, there is no pump, and the heat carrier propagates according to the laws of physics - cold water, being denser, pushes out hot water with a lower density.
Such a scheme (also called gravitational) has a number of advantages - the affordable cost of equipment, adjustment and maintenance, the ability to install and quickly repair it yourself. In addition, it does not require a connection to the electrical network, therefore, it allows you to save on a backup generator.
But, despite this, the gravitational scheme has a serious drawback - it is suitable for strapping only single-circuit boilers, it is applicable in a small house or in a country house, and pipes laid next to the floor or ceiling spoil the interior.
Specificity of piping installation for certain types of boilers
It all depends on the model and power of the boiler. When assembling, you should strictly follow the instructions and remember some rules:
Place the filters correctly so that all dirt collects at the bottom and not in the pipe. Do not forget about the direction of flow of the coolant - be sure to follow the arrow
The American is an analogue of the previously popular squeegee. With the help of such a device, pipes and radiators are connected.
You cannot use collective (common) ventilation shafts to remove combustion products (this applies to apartment buildings). You cannot regulate traction in them. With excessive draft, acid dew settles on the pipe walls, which can sooner or later destroy the gas outlet, therefore, when arranging it, it is recommended to use pipes made of roofing sheet. And with a lack of traction, combustion products can fill the room, which is very, very dangerous.
Floor-standing and wall-mounted boilers
These types of boilers differ only in the method of installation, there is no fundamental difference in the piping device for them. It is more expedient to install a wall-mounted view for heating a well-insulated room with an area of \u200b\u200b80–350 m², connected to the main gas.
It is more expedient to install a wall view for heating a well-insulated room of a large area
With a smaller heated area, it is more rational to use electric convectors and storage water heaters.
In all other cases, it is better to purchase a floor-standing boiler.
With a smaller heated area, it is more rational to use electric convectors and storage water heaters
Single-circuit boilers
They have one heat exchanger and are intended for heating only. The piping is done using two nozzles: for the supply and for the return line. Single-circuit boilers of the latest modifications can work in conjunction with an indirect boiler and provide a house with hot water. In this case, the simplest piping is through a three-way valve according to the principle of water heating in the boiler first.
Such a scheme complicates the strapping, but not too much, but its benefits are undeniable.
The piping of a single-circuit gas boiler with a free-standing boiler is difficult, but extremely profitable.
Double-circuit boilers
Designed for heating and hot water supply (hot water supply). But, as practice shows, a double-circuit boiler cannot provide a private house with a sufficient amount of hot water for consumption. Therefore, you have to use it in turn: either in the kitchen or in the bathroom. To increase the volume, an additional boiler can be connected to the system. But the presence of a boiler complicates the piping scheme.
The main distribution function in such a scheme falls on the three-way valve, as for a single-circuit boiler. But the principle of operation is different here: the movement of the coolant goes from the main source to the additional source and vice versa. It is this scheme that allows the coolant to reach the highest temperature (in the return line, it can reach 80 ° C).
Multi-circuit heating systems are supplied with hydraulic distributors
Multi-circuit heating systems are equipped with hydraulic distributors that compensate for pressure drops in the radiators and boiler and balance the heating medium flows. In some cases, it is allowed to install the system without hydraulics, while the pressure is regulated by balancing valves.
The piping of a double-circuit boiler is more complicated than a single-circuit boiler and is more expensive, but such a heating system is much more efficient.
Additional energy sources for a private house: generators and uninterruptible power supplies
For any piping option, it is necessary to provide for an emergency heating operation in the event of a power outage. Be sure to connect the boiler, pumps and fans to a gasoline generator, which will power the equipment until the electricity turns on. If gas supply interruptions occur in your area, it makes sense to include a parallel electric boiler in the system.
Assembly, installation and connection of gas boilers
Installation of a heating system begins with obtaining permits and approvals. It is necessary to order a detailed design for the arrangement of the boiler room, conclude a contract for the supply of gas (if it is a private house). And only after getting acquainted with the project, where the parameters of the necessary equipment are spelled out, you can start buying, assembling, installing and connecting to networks.
Is it possible to install a boiler in a house or in an apartment
Special requirements are imposed on the room where the mini-boiler room will be located, and it is not recommended to violate them, showing amateur performance. This is not only fraught with large fines, but also life-threatening, because gas is an explosive substance and extreme caution should be exercised in handling it.
Video: an example of setting up a simple heating system
The main criteria for choosing a room:
Installation of boilers of small power is allowed in any non-residential premises. Many people put them in the kitchen. If there is at least 0.2 m² of room per 1 kW of gas boiler power, then it is quite possible to obtain a permit. When the kitchen is combined with the living room, then an indispensable condition is the presence of a gas analyzer for the timely detection of a possible gas leak.
Small single-circuit boilers can be installed in the kitchen. Moreover, they even decorate the interior.
Double-circuit boilers must not be installed in kitchens.
The location of the equipment also depends on the power of the equipment. With a total power of up to 150 kW, you can equip a boiler room on any floor, above - only on the first or basement floor.
Two boilers in one system: parallel and serial connection
Today, more and more often it becomes necessary to install several heating devices at once in a large country house or cottage. Moreover, these can be different boilers, for example, solid fuel and gas.
Two boilers in one system can be connected according to different schemes:
In a sequential scheme, the coolant heated by a solid fuel (TT) boiler enters the thermal accumulator (TA), and then is fed into a closed system with a gas boiler
When connected in parallel, the operation of the solid fuel boiler is monitored by sensors (4). Any boiler can be disconnected from the system using a three-way valve (7)
Subject to certain conditions (coordination with the supervisory authorities and obtaining the necessary permits), it is quite possible to implement one of these systems. At the same time, comfort (due to the gas boiler) and savings (due to the low-cost solid fuel boiler) are achieved.
As for autonomous heating in apartments of multi-storey buildings, there are no fundamental differences in the installation and connection procedure, there are only a few features associated with the choice of equipment:
The gas boiler connection diagram is divided into 6 stages:
For a wall-mounted boiler, mark the wall according to the supplied template and fix the installation bracket with fasteners
Pipes of the direct and return lines are connected through American couplings
The boiler is connected through an RCD to protect against electric shock
A gas consumption meter must be installed in front of the boiler.
The thermostat is necessary to maintain the desired room temperature
Where is the best place to install a room thermostat
A thermostat (sometimes called a programmer) is an automatic room device that regulates the operation of boiler equipment according to specified parameters. It reacts to the air temperature and gives the boiler a command to decrease or increase the power. It is recommended to install the thermostat in living quarters away from heat sources, direct sunlight and drafts. It is best to place it in the coldest or most used room in the house.
Features of boiler installation in unheated rooms or outdoors
In small cottages, it is sometimes advisable to install a gas boiler, for example, in the attic or even outside the house. This is primarily done to save space in living quarters. But with such an arrangement of the heating system, the warranty on the purchased boiler does not apply. Humidity, wind, cold and other factors will negatively affect the life of the equipment.
The situation can be corrected by installing a protective cabinet, which must comply with the standards (the distance between the boiler and the cabinet walls is at least 15 cm) and be spacious enough so as not to interfere with the use of the boiler and its maintenance.
Video: how to independently connect a heating system for a cottage
Electrical grounding: two connection options
This is an integral part of the heating arrangement. Without grounding, the service department will not issue a permit to put the system into operation.
Grounding is necessary not only in order to extend the life of the gas equipment, but also for the safety of the residents of the house.
Grounding can be done with your own hands in two ways:
The working process:
All ground electrodes are connected in series with each other using horizontal metal strips
If the houses are close to each other, then linear grounding can be done. The sequence is the same, only the trench should go around the entire perimeter of the house. Earthing switches are dug in every 2 m.
Earthing switches are dug in every 2 m
The check is carried out with a special tool. At the same time, the regulatory authorities pay attention to the soil in which the ground electrodes are located. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to find out before starting work, by what standards the finished structure will be evaluated.
Does a gas boiler need a chimney
The gas boiler definitely needs a chimney. You can build it yourself. You need to choose a suitable design, familiarize yourself with the basic requirements and perform all stages of work strictly according to the instructions.
Special requirements apply to materials. They are regulated in clause 6.2.7 of SNiP - pipes for the chimney must withstand mechanical loads, temperature fluctuations and not corrode. These can be asbestos-cement, ceramic, plastic or metal pipes. The best option is stainless steel pipes as the cheapest and easiest to install.
In addition to pipes for arranging a chimney for a gas boiler, you will need:
Chimneys are internal and external.
When arranging an internal chimney, a tapered tip is required to protect against precipitation
Different materials are used for their manufacture, but the following requirements remain unchanged:
The chimney in the room must be insulated. In the place of passage of interfloor floors, a special passage block is inserted
Step-by-step diagram of connecting the boiler to the chimney
There is no fundamental difference between internal and external chimneys. In any case, the connection begins with the connection to the adapter branch pipe (sometimes immediately the branch pipe). Then:
The connection begins with connecting the adapter to the branch pipe (sometimes immediately the branch pipe)
An external (wall-mounted) chimney is safer and easier to assemble and install. Sandwich pipes are used for its arrangement. They are assembled on the ground and then attached to the building with clamps, brackets and guy wires (to provide greater stability). The height is calculated according to the norms, taking into account the distance from the roof ridge.
external (wall) chimney is safer and easier to assemble and install
A detailed examination of the main aspects of installing gas heating shows that it is quite possible to make such a system with your own hands. We hope that the information provided will help you choose the right equipment, as well as mount and run it in accordance with the requirements of the testing organizations.
Reading time: 5 min
The correctness of the piping of a solid fuel boiler affects the efficiency of its operation and its operational life. Therefore, when choosing the optimal scheme, it is necessary to take into account a lot of nuances and features. In this case, the equipment will work efficiently and for a long time.
All piping schemes for solid fuel boilers
There are a large number of boiler connection diagrams that are suitable for different conditions of use. An individual project is developed for each dwelling, which indicates the important positions of the systems, taking into account the regulated requirements.
Closed system
If you want to organize an affordable but reliable piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler with a boiler, a closed version may be the most suitable. It functions due to the density difference between cold and hot coolant and has the following advantages:
- Simplicity and availability of circuit installation.
- No difficulties in self-service.
- Long service life.
- Protection of pipes against corrosive processes.
The disadvantages include the inability to track temperature and a decrease in efficiency indicators due to the natural circulation of the coolant.
Closed system circuit
A closed piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler with a storage tank prevents the negative effects of oxygen and deprives the owners of the building of the need to constantly monitor the volume of water. When arranging such a system, you should adhere to the following rules:
- The tank must hold at least 10% of the volume of the coolant.
- A safety valve must be installed on the supply pipe.
- The uppermost point of the equipment is supplied with an air vent.
Elements from the safety group, to which the air vent and the valve belong, are purchased additionally - only the flagship boilers have them in the basic set. The task of the safety valve is to discharge the coolant when the pressure exceeds the permissible level. The normal value is 1.5-2 atm. The emergency valve is triggered when the 3 atm mark is reached.
The solid fuel boiler is also piped with the installation of a pump. This option is distinguished by high heat transfer from the liquid, which raises the efficiency values \u200b\u200band makes the system energy efficient. The energy consumption for heating the liquid is reduced, and the need to install large-diameter pipes is eliminated, since the hydraulic resistance is overcome by the operation of the pump. As it heats up, the coolant does not evaporate, because it is located in a sealed membrane. The closed version of the piping protects the equipment from corrosion and increases its operational life.
Of the minuses, the dependence of the system on the source of electricity and the high cost of installation are distinguished. At the same time, it will not be possible to carry out installation work with your own hands.
Open system with natural circulation
The device of long-burning boilers (KDG) with open. the strapping scheme is in special demand. This is due to the fact that even with sudden changes in temperature or pressure, the equipment continues to operate without loss of tightness. At the same time, the efficiency of work does not depend on the power supply, since solid fuel material is immersed in the boiler.
The disadvantages of an open circuit for connecting a solid fuel boiler are:
- Air penetration into pipes, which contributes to the development of corrosion on their inner surface. To protect the system from the negative effects of oxygen, mineral oil is placed in the expansion tank.
- Rapid evaporation of the coolant, so its supply must be constantly replenished.
- Uneven temperature distribution at different points of the circuit.
But despite a number of disadvantages, an open installation scheme for a wood or pellet boiler is popular. This is justified by the simplicity of its arrangement and affordable cost.
The scheme provides for the following elements:
- Thermometers. In addition to the sensors built by the manufacturer, you need to install additional ones on the processing and supply pipes.
- Check valve.
- Expansion tank.
When tying with polypropylene, it is necessary to place the pipe inlet 0.5 m below the location of the radiators in order to ensure free circulation of the coolant. The straight (supply) and return pipes are fixed at a certain angle. It is also necessary to carry out some calculations to assess the hydrodynamic resistance from all sides, and also try to reduce the number of reinforced elements.
The efficient and uninterrupted operation of the equipment depends on the place where the expansion tank is installed - it is placed at the highest point of the heating circuit.
Forced circulation system
When tying the Stropuva boiler or any other model, it is necessary to consider the option of a scheme with forced water circulation. It provides for the installation of pumping equipment on the supply or return pipeline, due to which the intensity of fluid movement increases. So, with natural circulation, the speed is only 0.1-0.3 m / s, and with a pump - 0.7-1 m / s, which contributes to the emergence of many advantages:
- Possibility of reducing the diameter of the pipes.
- Reducing the heating time of radiators, no inertia.
- Convenient options for laying pipes, a long length of pipelines while maintaining optimal pressure.
- Minimum slopes of the slopes, since the movement is carried out due to the work of the pump.
- Possibility of installing an expansion tank in the boiler room.
There are other advantages, including the ability to interact with the floor heating system. Among the disadvantages, volatility is distinguished, tk. the pump is powered by electrical energy.
To protect the equipment from shutdown or explosion, it is necessary to equip a safety group that includes safety valves, uninterruptible power supplies and generators.
Another disadvantage of forced schemes is periodic noise. But such disadvantages are covered by a wide selection of heating schemes, which include:
- One-pipe version.
- Double-circuit (Tichelman system).
- Collector.
- Warm floor.
Boiler piping with a three-way valve: order and diagram.
Since solid fuel boilers do not work constantly, but periodically, they are constantly exposed to moisture in the form of condensate, which leads to corrosive processes. The cooled water from the return flow is transferred to the heat exchanger and settles on its walls. To prevent negative consequences, a three-way valve can be activated.
This is a conventional adjustable valve with 2 inputs and 1 output. Receiving an appropriate signal, the valve opens the supply channel and eliminates the dew point. When the system starts up, the circulation of the coolant in a small circle is suspended.
Three-way valves can also be used to change the temperature of the heat carrier, which is sent to the consumer. In this case, the equipment is set to work in the opposite direction, when the cold heat carrier from the return pipe moves to the supply.
The system with a three-way valve ensures effective heating of the liquid in the boiler in case of non-operation or planned shutdown of the radiators. When the temperature rises to the required values, the valve comes into operation again and returns the coolant to the heating system. If the boiler is used daily and all year round, this piping option will prove to be highly effective.
Buffer circuit
Due to the poor controllability of the boilers, the owners need to constantly monitor the volume of fuel and the intensity of traction, which causes a number of problems when using them. In order to immerse more firewood and not worry about the risk of boiling the coolant, you can install a buffer tank (heat accumulator).
A buffer is a sealed reservoir that separates the unit from users. Due to the large volume, the container can collect excess heat energy and transfer it directly to the radiators. A mixing unit based on a three-way valve is used to regulate the temperature.
Boiler piping
Boiler piping with polypropylene with indirect heating boiler is suitable for different types of heating systems. To implement such a scheme, the Maybes boiler (or any other) is connected to the heating and hot water supply systems, and a coil is placed in the water heater to efficiently supply the coolant to the main.
After passing through the heating circuit, the hot coolant transfers the thermal potential to the water. In some cases, the tank is equipped with heating elements, allowing access to hot water supply during the warm season.
When installing a solid fuel boiler with your own hands, you must adhere to the following instructions:
- Prepare the installation site for the boiler.
- Arrange the wiring, marking the sources of hot and cold liquid with the appropriate colors.
- Fix the tee and relief valve, carefully covering all gaps with sealant.
- Screw on the water taps.
- Connect the equipment to the power supply and fix the thermostat with automatic control.
- Select a heating mode.
- Check the system for performance.
If you follow the general advice, the installation work will be error-free.
Collector circuit
If the boiler will be equipped with several parallel branches with radiator equipment, underfloor heating system and other devices, it will be necessary to balance the circuits. Otherwise, the fluid will move along the path of least resistance. To implement it, it is necessary to use special switchgears with 1 input and several outputs - collectors.
The use of these parts expands the possibilities of connecting the circulation equipment and allows the supply of a heating agent with the same temperature. The disadvantage of such a strapping is considered to be a more complex design and high cost of equipment.
Sometimes the boiler is tied with a hydraulic arrow, which becomes an intermediary between the heating boiler and the owners of the room. The hydraulic structure is positioned vertically and connected to the inlet and outlet. In this case, the tie-in is performed at any height.
Diagram of connecting a heat accumulator to a solid fuel boiler
Among the large number of connection diagrams, the option of installing a heat accumulator for a TT-boiler is in great demand.
By using this method, you can reduce heating costs and reduce voltage during peak loads. For the system to work for a long time and efficiently, it is important to choose the right equipment, guided by personal requirements and regulations.
It is also necessary to draw up a piping project, where the basic locations of the working units will be indicated.
How to reduce the cost of strapping
To reduce the cost of piping, you can use a three-way valve with a simplified design, which does not need to connect an overhead temperature sensor and a thermal head. It contains a thermostatic element, which is set to an operating mode with a fixed value of +55 ... + 60 ° C.
The use of such a part allows to reduce the cost of piping a TT-boiler, but deprives consumers of the ability to adjust the temperature with a thermal head.
You can also connect 2 units that run on different fuels:
- Wood or natural gas.
- Electricity.
Connecting a buffer tank with copper or polypropylene piping (experts recommend choosing options with copper) allows you to simultaneously serve different systems in the house: radiators, underfloor heating, boiler. However, this option requires large investments and is rarely used.
To properly install the gas unit, you should study the piping diagrams of the floor gas boiler. Depending on the characteristics of the heating device: the number of circuits, the presence of a connection to electricity, the installation of additional systems, the schemes may differ.
Consider what elements the piping of a floor gas heating boiler can include.
Expansion tank
A diaphragm expansion tank is required to compensate for the increased volume of water or antifreeze when they are heated. This element is divided into two parts by a membrane, one of which is filled with air or nitrogen. With an increase in the volume of the coolant, the gas is compressed, due to which the pressure in the heat exchanger does not increase significantly.
Note! The volume of the expansion tank must be at least 10% of the amount of the coolant.Safety valve
The purpose of the safety valve is to dump the excess coolant with a large increase in pressure in the circuit in order to prevent rupture of pipes of heating systems. Excess fluid is discharged through the drainage tube into the sewer. If the valve operates frequently, this indicates an insufficient size of the diaphragm expansion vessel.
Pressure gauge
A pressure gauge is required to monitor the operating pressure in the circuit. Sometimes a thermomanometer is used instead, which measures not only pressure, but also temperature. The scale of such a device should reach at least 4 atmospheres.
Air vent
The air vent is designed to discharge air masses into the environment that remain after the coolant has been drained. The remaining air creates noise and acts as an obstacle to the normal circulation of the coolant.
Circulation pump
The pump ensures the circulation of the coolant forcibly. Its power can be changed, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the liquid in the heat exchanger.
Indirect heating boiler
A boiler is needed to provide hot water in the required volume. It is a heat-insulating tank that stores heated water.
Hydrostrel
Hydrostrelka is a container with branch pipes to which you can connect several circuits that combine supply and return. This element allows you to connect pipes in which the liquid has a different circulation rate and temperature.
Coarse filter
This element is a reservoir with a filter mesh for cleaning water from coarse debris. The filter protects the heat exchanger tube from clogging.
Pipes
Many are interested in the question of which pipes can be used to strap a floor-standing gas boiler. The temperature in the circuit usually does not exceed 80 ° C, and in the underfloor heating system it does not exceed 35 ° C. The pressure is at the level of 1-2.5 kgf / cm2. When the pump is stopped, boiling of the coolant is excluded, since after a few seconds the burner stops working and the flame goes out. Based on the existing operating conditions, polymer and metal-polymer pipes, the cost of which is much lower than durable copper or galvanized counterparts, are quite suitable for piping a floor gas heating boiler.
Recommendations for the implementation of piping a floor boiler
The floor-standing boiler must not be located at the highest point of the heating system. Otherwise, non-observance of this condition will lead to the accumulation of air masses in the pipes, which will negatively affect the quality of heating. The supply pipe without a venting device leaving the boiler must be vertical.
The sequential wiring of the radiators and the connection of the gas unit to the communications are performed using metal-plastic on press fittings or polypropylene with aluminum reinforcement. However, fittings are sensitive to the quality of the installation and, when the seals are loose, they begin to leak quite quickly. Polypropylene pipes are more reliable and have many advantages:
- allow you to create a system of any complexity;
- are not afraid of exposure to high temperatures;
- have a long service life;
- no plaque reducing the diameter settles on the pipe walls;
- withstand high pressure.
The strapping of the floor gas boiler with polypropylene is carried out by soldering, which makes it possible to give the system solidity.
Note! The creation of a heating system with many bends is not desirable, as this reduces the efficiency of the unit and complicates installation. The number of connections should also be kept to a minimum.Features of the piping of the gas pipe
According to construction requirements, the connection of the gas line to the boiler must be rigid and ensured with a metal pipe and joining through a metal clamp or "American". For tightness it is allowed to use only paronite gasket. It is prohibited to use rubber or tow.
Wiring diagrams for floor-standing gas boilers
Depending on the design of the unit, as well as the connected additional systems, the piping schemes for gas boilers may differ. Let's take a closer look at the most common options.
Connection of a single-circuit volatile boiler
Volatile floor-standing gas boilers with forced circulation of the coolant are usually equipped with all the necessary parts: an expansion tank, a circulation pump, a pressure gauge, etc. Such a system is the most flexible in management. You can program a separate temperature for each room, and the automation will maintain this mode constantly.
It is worth considering that a volatile system cannot work without electricity. In addition, to extend its service life, it will be necessary to purchase a voltage stabilizer.
The piping of a single-circuit floor-standing gas boiler includes the following connections:
- gas main;
- supply to the heating system;
- return from radiators.
Connection of a single-circuit non-volatile boiler
Independent of electricity, floor-standing gas boilers do not have a circulation pump, and the coolant in such a system moves only according to the laws of physics. In this case, strapping a floor gas boiler with your own hands is easier to perform, however, in order for such a system to work effectively, many nuances should be taken into account:
- the boiler must be placed as low as possible - in a pit or basement;
- in front of the heat exchanger of the unit, it is useful to build a discharge into the sewer - this will be needed for a long trip;
- any metal or plastic container connected to the filling can be used as an open expansion tank;
- the tank should be installed at the highest point of the heating system;
- the inner diameter of the pipe must not be less than 32 mm.
When installing pipes, they should be installed with a slight slope to the vertical in order to ensure free circulation of the coolant. The difference in height between the heat exchanger of the unit and the heating radiators provides a hydraulic head that makes the coolant move.
If desired, such a system can be supplemented with a pump, while it does not require an electrical connection. It is cut in parallel to the spill system, and a ball valve is mounted between the tie-ins.
Single-circuit unit with hot water supply
The piping of a single-circuit gas boiler capable of producing hot water additionally includes an indirect heating boiler. The water in it is heated from the coolant of the main circuit. It turns out that it goes through two schemes: a large one - through the heating system, a small one - through a boiler. Each of the two circuits is equipped with shut-off valves, which makes it possible to turn off each of them independently of the other.
An indirect heating boiler is connected to a small circulation loop through a three-way valve. Immediately after it, a tap is placed between the supply and return. This allows you to use warm water in the summer, when there is no need for heating.
Wiring diagram for a floor-standing double-circuit boiler
The double-circuit floor-standing gas boiler is equipped with two heat exchangers: the main one for heating, the second one for providing hot water supply. Both are flowing. The hot water supply circuit begins to heat only when the tap is turned on, so overheating and pressure increase in it are excluded - an expansion tank is not needed in this case.
In addition to piping connections for a single-circuit heating system, the scheme of a double-circuit boiler provides for connecting cold water to the inlet of the DHW heat exchanger, and a pipe that distributes hot water through the mixers to the outlet.
It is recommended to install a coarse filter on the cold water supply pipeline to the DHW circuit, as well as embed ball valves at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger.
Strapping a floor-standing gas boiler with underfloor heating
If you plan to connect underfloor heating to the gas heating system, then it should be borne in mind that in heating radiators the coolant heats up to 80ºC, and in the "warm floor" system - up to 35ºC. Therefore, they cannot be directly connected. A piping scheme for a floor gas boiler with a hydrocollector, which will equalize pressure and temperature, is suitable here.
Note!Hydraulic levelers are included in the piping schemes for gas boilers with a capacity of 50 kW and more using several circuits.The finished hydrocollector is connected to the boiler, and then the heating system and "warm floors" are connected to the pipes of the first one. The return from the heating radiators is stabilized in the hydrocollector and, already prepared, is supplied for floor heating.
The topic of this article is piping heating a private house. In it, I'm going to talk about what elements, in addition to the boiler and radiators, the heating circuit should include, how to choose them and install them correctly. So, let's go.
Heating schemes
I'll start with a small lyrical digression.
Heating systems with water as a heat carrier are divided into:
- Open and closed;
- Forced circulation and gravity.
What does this division mean?
Open and closed
An open expansion vessel is mounted at the top of the open circuit.
It combines three functions:
- Allows to top up water, compensating for its leakage and evaporation;
- Contains excess water during its expansion, concomitant heating;
- Serves to remove air congestion.
For the air vent to work through an open tank, the filling must be laid with a constant slope from the tank to the boiler heat exchanger.
The closed system does not communicate with the atmosphere and operates with excess pressure. Its main problem is that when heated, the coolant increases in volume and may well break pipes and heating devices.
Gravitational and forced
The operation of the heating system with forced circulation is ensured by a circulation pump - a low-power device with a screw or centrifugal impeller sitting on the shaft of an electric motor. It provides a sufficiently high flow rate in the pipes and, accordingly, fast and uniform heating of heating devices.
The Achilles heel of forced circulation is the volatility of the pump. In conditions of short-term outages, the situation can be saved by an uninterruptible power supply, but in the event of a prolonged lack of electricity, the heating will cease to perform its functions.
A system with natural circulation is devoid of this drawback, which is provided by the difference in the density of cold and hot water.
The principle of its operation is extremely simple:
- The water heated in the heat exchanger of a heating boiler (as a rule, solid fuel) is displaced through the accelerating manifold into the upper part of the circuit by colder masses of the heat carrier;
- From there, it moves by gravity along the contour, gradually giving off heat through the radiators;
- The cooled water returns to the heat exchanger, and after heating it, the cycle repeats.
The acquaintance with the theory is complete. Let's move on to practice.
Gravitational open system
The elements
In a gravitational open system, piping for a pellet heating boiler or other solid fuel heat source includes:
- Booster manifold. In essence, this is just a short vertical filling section immediately after the boiler;
- Open expansion tank. As a rule, its volume is taken to be approximately equal to 10% of the volume of the coolant in the circuit.
The capacity of the circuit is easiest to find out by filling the heating system with water and draining it into a bucket of a known volume or any other measuring container.
In addition, shut-off valves are installed at the inlet and outlet of the boiler. They allow you to turn off the heat exchanger for repair or maintenance, without dumping the entire volume of the coolant.
Such taps are installed in any system, regardless of its type and heat source.
Scheme
It is extremely simple: the expansion tank is mounted at the upper filling point after the booster manifold. Optionally, it is equipped with a tap for filling the circuit with water. At the lowest point of the system, a tap is installed to completely drain the coolant: it will be useful if the house is left without heating in cold weather.
The boiler is installed at the lowest point of the circuit (usually in a basement or pit). The difference in height between its heat exchanger and radiators, in fact, ensures stable circulation: thanks to this difference, the cooled water continues to move by gravity.
Forced circulation open system
The elements
In this case, the accelerating manifold is not needed for obvious reasons. Its functions are performed by a circulation pump.
When choosing a pump, you should pay attention to its performance. It is selected depending on the thermal load on the circuit (read - on the boiler power) according to the following table:
You can ignore the pressure created by the pump when choosing it, its minimum values \u200b\u200bare quite enough for a private house of any reasonable size. For reference: the heating system of an apartment building forces a circulating pressure of only 2 meters (which corresponds to an excess pressure of 0.2 kgf / cm2).
Scheme
The circulation pump is installed, as a rule, in front of the boiler in the direction of movement of the coolant: in this section of the circuit, the temperature of the coolant is minimal.
A slight change in the configuration of the circuit will allow it to work with both forced and natural circulation:
- The pump does not cut into the filling gap, but parallel to its section;
- A ball valve or check valve with a minimum hydraulic resistance (usually a ball valve) is placed between the tie-ins.
When the pump is running, the bypass between the tapping is closed. When the power supply is cut off, the tap or non-return valve opens and the heating system continues to work as a gravity system.
Closed system
The elements
The piping of a boiler room in a private house with a closed heating system includes:
- Diaphragm expansion tank. It is a container, divided by a rubber membrane into compartments for air and heat carrier. Unlike liquids, air is perfectly compressed and compensates for an increase in the volume of water or antifreeze;
The volume of the tank in this case is taken to be approximately 10% of the volume of the coolant. That, in turn, in a balanced system is approximately equal to 15 liters per kilowatt of boiler power.
- Safety valve. The valve releases the coolant when the upper limit of the allowable pressure is reached;
Continuous operation of the safety valve indicates an insufficient volume of the expansion tank.
- Automatic air vent. It helps to get rid of air congestion obstructing the circulation;
- Manometer for visual pressure control.
In the case of a forced circulation circuit, the boiler piping predictably turns on the circulation pump.
Scheme
Both the safety group (air vent, pressure gauge and valve) and the expansion tank, in theory, can be mounted at any point in a closed circuit. In practice, when installing a heating system with your own hands, the tank is usually placed in front of the boiler, at a distance of at least 8 diameters of filling after the pump or at least two diameters of filling in front of the pump.
Why is it so?
- The minimum temperature of the coolant increases the service life of the tank membrane;
- The absence of turbulence from the pump impeller also has a beneficial effect on the membrane resource.
The safety group is most often installed at the boiler outlet.
Optional items
What other elements can include piping a floor-standing or wall-mounted boiler?
Heat accumulator
This is the name of a metal or polymer tank with insulated walls. As the name suggests, it is used to store thermal energy.
This is useful in two cases:
- When using a solid fuel boiler. The accumulation of heat allows you to increase the time interval between kindling and operate the boiler at the rated power (and, accordingly, with the maximum efficiency);
- When heating the house with an electric boiler and the presence of a two-tariff meter. At night, when the price of a kilowatt-hour of electricity is minimal, the boiler heats the water in the heat storage tank, and during the day, the accumulated heat is consumed to heat the dwelling.
The use of a heat accumulator implies the presence of two circuits, at least one of which works with forced circulation. The first ring connects the boiler heat exchanger and the tank, the second - the heat accumulator and heating devices.
Hydrostrel
In essence, it is just a thick pipe with multiple inlets and outlets. Hydro arrow function - synchronization of the operation of several circuits with different temperatures (for example, radiators and underfloor heating).
The water temperature in the underfloor heating pipes is no more than 40 degrees.
Each of the circuits is equipped with its own pump and (in the case of a low-temperature circuit) a three-way valve that ensures the circulation of the coolant.
In some cases, the function of the hydraulic arrow is performed by a heat accumulator.
How is this possible?
Inside the tank, slowly circulating water is divided according to temperature: the hottest (and least dense) coolant is collected in the upper part of the tank, the coldest - in the bottom.
By taking water from the nozzles located at different heights, you can get any temperature in the range from the boiler flow temperature to room temperature.
The photo shows the connection of the heat accumulator to the multi-temperature hot water supply systems and underfloor heating.
Collector
One of the problems of sequential connection of heating devices is the temperature spread between them. The radiators on the supply are always hotter than the batteries on the return, which leads to uneven heating of the rooms in the house.
The manifold allows you to connect several convectors, radiators or circuits in parallel. Each collector outlet is equipped with its own valve or choke, allowing independent shutdown and adjustment of devices.
Indirect heating boiler
Usually, for heating hot water supply, it is practiced to use a double-circuit boiler with a flow-through heat exchanger.
However, this solution has a couple of nasty drawbacks:
- Simultaneous operation of heating and instantaneous water heater requires a large power reserve. If you have an electric boiler, and the power of 10 kW is allocated to the house, you willy-nilly have to choose between warm rooms and a hot shower;
- Most instantaneous heaters do not allow precise regulation of the leaving water temperature. Taking a shower or washing the dishes turns into a continuous battle with the taps.
An indirect heating boiler is a typical storage water heater, devoid of both problems. It is connected to the heating circuit and takes some of the heat from the coolant.
In summer, the circulation goes in a small circle - between the boiler and the boiler.
Conclusion
Of course, in a small article, we have considered far from all possible schemes for connecting boilers and their piping. The video in this article will help you learn more about the design of boiler rooms. I look forward to your additions and comments. Good luck, comrades!
Installation and piping of a gas boiler for heating a private house must be carried out in accordance with the rules prescribed in the regulatory documentation. Their observance is mandatory, since any gas-using equipment is a source of increased danger. The purpose of this article is to clarify the essence of these rules, as well as describe how to connect various heat generators and present the corresponding piping schemes.
General rules for the installation of gas equipment
A homeowner planning to install a gas boiler in his home should understand a few general rules:
- building codes prescribe that gas-using equipment, including boilers, can be installed only with the availability of project documentation.
- the technical conditions for the implementation of the project are issued by the organization - the supplier of natural gas, it also conducts the subsequent approval of the documentation;
- you can do the installation of the heating unit, as well as its connection to the heating system and the chimney, but according to the design solutions;
- it is forbidden to independently lead the gas main to the furnace room and connect it to the boiler. These works must be performed by firms with special permission.
Note. Usually, the entire complex of works on design, supply and connection to the mains is undertaken by the gas supply organization.
Requirements for the room for installing a gas boiler in a private house
The homeowner's task is to decide in which room to place the boiler plant. Users often have questions about whether it is possible to install a gas boiler in the bathroom, toilet or other rooms. In this regard, building codes give clear instructions, according to which the installation of a heat generator is allowed in such places:
- in the kitchen, if the thermal power of the unit does not exceed 60 kW;
- in any separate room located at the outer wall of the building;
- in the external extension to the house;
- in a separate boiler house building.
For reference. In the Russian Federation, all norms regarding the placement of gas boilers are spelled out in the MDS 41-2.2000 document. Other countries of the former USSR have their own regulations, but from the technical point of view, they practically do not differ from Russian ones.
It turns out that it is not allowed to place a heat generator in a bathroom or other living room. If you plan to install a heating unit in the kitchen, then it must be borne in mind that its height must be at least 2.5 m. Second requirement: the minimum volume of the room must be 15 m3 + 0.2 m3 for each kW of boiler power. For example, to install a 15 kW unit, you need a kitchen with a volume of 15 + 15 x 0.2 \u003d 18 m3. In addition, a vent and a supply grille built into the lower part of the entrance door are required. Its flow area is not less than 0.025 m2.
Which gas boiler is allowed to be installed in a kitchen or other separate room - floor or wall - is not regulated by the norms.
When placing heating equipment in other separate rooms or annexes, the same height requirements are imposed on them, and the minimum volume is limited to a fixed figure - 15 m3. In this case, the following distances must be observed between the casing of the floor-standing unit and the walls:
- from the edge of any part protruding from the front side to the wall - 1 m;
- if maintenance is required on the sides, passages with a width of at least 0.6 m are needed;
- at the back, you need to provide enough space for connecting the chimney and its maintenance, that is, at least 0.6 m in width.
When installing a wall-mounted gas boiler, including inside a kitchen cabinet, the intervals shown in the diagram should be observed:
In the outer wall of the room, a window opening is required to organize natural light. The glazing area is taken at the rate of 0.03 m2 for each cubic meter of the boiler room volume. The partitions separating it from neighboring rooms must be fireproof and withstand the effects of flame in the event of a fire for 45 minutes.
A few words about supply and exhaust ventilation. Its task is to ensure the replacement of the air in the boiler room three times within 1 hour. In numbers, this is expressed as follows: the volume of the room is multiplied by 3, as a result, we get the air flow rate in m3 / hour. For the operation of gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber, this is sufficient. But for heat generators that take combustion air directly from the room (open chamber), the flow rate of this air should be added to the threefold exchange. Its value can be found in the technical data sheet for the product.
Is it possible to install a gas boiler in the apartment?
The difficulties associated with this event are by no means technical. In fact, the technical requirements for installing a gas boiler in an apartment are no different from the standards for a private house. We need a kitchen of the required volume that meets these requirements, in which the supply and exhaust ventilation functions normally. According to these indicators, most of the kitchens in apartments in multi-storey buildings are suitable for placing boilers.
Another thing is that the installation of individual heating requires permission from local governments. It can be difficult and sometimes impossible. In addition, the legislative acts of some countries of the former USSR directly prohibit the device of individual heating using gas boilers. Hence the conclusion: theoretically, it is possible to put a heat generator in an apartment, but in practice you may encounter problems when legalizing it and connecting it to gas networks.
How to connect a heat generator
At their core, gas boilers are high-tech automated devices, so making their piping is quite simple even with your own hands. It consists of the following activities:
- connection to the hot water heating system;
- organization of the removal of combustion products;
- connection to the DHW network, if the unit is double-circuit.
Note. We do not consider connecting to the gas main, since it cannot be done independently.
The easiest way is to tie up a wall-mounted boiler, a circulation pump is already built into it, and sometimes an expansion tank. You just need to hang the heat generator on the wall and bring the pipes of the heating system to it from below. They should be connected by means of American women, installing cut-off valves in front of them. It is also imperative to install a strainer (sump) on the return pipe.
The chimney connection depends on the type of boiler. The unit with an open combustion chamber is connected to a vertical chimney brought to the level of the roof. Turbocharged heat generators take in air from the outside, so they need a short horizontal chimney called a coaxial. It is laid right through the wall to the street, although no one forbids bringing the pipe to the roof.
Attention! Do not connect a gas boiler to the ventilation duct.
As for floor heating units that are not equipped with additional equipment, it is somewhat more difficult to tie them up. You need to buy and supply a circulation pump, an expansion tank and a security group. How to do it correctly is shown in the diagram:
For a more complex system with several heating circuits, the piping method with a low loss header is used, as shown below:
Scheme of piping a double-circuit gas boiler
This is not to say that connecting the heat generator to the hot water supply network greatly complicates the whole process. Unlike a conventional boiler, 2 additional pipelines are involved in the double-circuit piping, which must be connected to the corresponding branch pipes of the unit. So there are no special difficulties, you just need to spend more time. The correct connection of a heater with two heating circuits is shown in the diagram:
Note. It is assumed that a strainer is installed at the inlet of the water supply to the house.
Since double-circuit boilers are not designed for intensive hot water intake, it will be enough to lay a pipe to 2-3 main consumers in the house. In this case, you should not increase the diameter of this pipeline, be guided by the dimensions of the connecting pipe of the heat generator. 
Conclusion
When installing and piping a natural gas boiler, one must not deviate from the requirements of regulatory documents. Moreover, the very first check of the gas service will reveal violations and give an order to eliminate them. Failure to comply with the standards can endanger the health and life of your loved ones, as it can lead to consequences of varying severity.