How to build a threshold near the house. Closed porch: what it is and how to make it. Cut out the wooden base for the stairs to the house

Entrance doors do not let snow and wind into our houses, but they themselves withstand the entire load. They are often located much higher than ground level, therefore, to enter the house, you need a porch. It will help to get inside without any difficulties, leaving street dust and dirt behind the threshold.

What is interesting about the porch? It can be arranged in very different ways, according to the taste of the owner. This article will discuss various options for arranging and decorating a porch.

The entrance group in most cases is the central decorative element in the exterior of a cottage or a private house. If the overall composition of the site is thought out and decorated with taste and love, and the porch seems to be from another house or hastily done, the whole impression will be spoiled and the ensemble will be incomplete.

Peculiarities

First, let's figure out what, in fact, is a porch. The general definition says that this is an extension to the house, which serves as an entrance and exit from it. It has a staircase (or at least a few steps), as well as a canopy (this condition is optional). In most cases, this design has a decorative appearance.

This structure is located outside the building, so it is not subject to building rules and regulations for covered buildings.

The entrance group is presented with a number of rules necessary for implementation in terms of planning:

The site needs to be set up. Its depth will depend on the width and type of entrance doors, as well as on the way it is opened. The size of the site should not be less than 1 m2.
Depending on how many doors go to the platform, its length is planned.
An important factor is the ability to freely carry a stretcher around the site with a person lying on them.
A visor to protect against rain and snow is a requirement of the inspection authorities. It must be installed at a height of at least 20 cm from the top of the front door.
If a wheelchair user lives in the house, it is necessary to equip the porch with an anti-slip ramp.

There are also fire safety rules that must be observed when arranging the porch:

According to the requirements, the front door must always open outwards. Accordingly, the area of the upper stage is planned with this in mind.
Porch elements are made of non-combustible or low-combustible materials.
If wood is used in the device or decor of the porch, it must be impregnated with a fire retardant.

From a safety point of view, it is necessary that the site meets a number of requirements:

The covering of steps and the platform should not slip;
places where people walk should not be exposed to the accumulation of water;
if the porch consists of more than 3 steps and has a height of more than 45 cm, it must necessarily have a protective fence (railings, bumpers and other elements);
each step must have a width of at least 30 cm and a height of at least 15 cm;
the porch should have lighting (spotlight from above), additional LED lighting with a tape around the perimeter or rim of the steps is possible;
in cold regions, an unheated or heated vestibule can be equipped.

Technical requirements

Building codes and regulations (SNiP), as well as GOST, regulate the main parameters for arranging the porch.

Depending on the height of the basement of the house, the number of steps of the entrance group is designed.

For example, the depth range for each step is 27-30 cm, and the height is 12-18 cm. Thus, the tread and riser should be 45 cm in size. This will ensure optimal comfort for climbing stairs.

In order for one person to be able to comfortably climb the stairs, its width should not be less than 60 cm. If it is assumed that two will walk on the steps, they should not be narrower than 120-145 cm. More than three steps on the stairs require a fence or railing. Their height should vary from 9 to 20 cm. If the railings decorate the porch of a private cottage, their height can be whatever the owner wishes.

The ladder must meet the requirements for safe movement in relation to the angle of the horizon. The safest from the point of view of operation is the staircase of a wide and gentle configuration.

The upper platform is located below the threshold by 5 cm. This is a requirement of fire codes and regulations. Its depth should be equal to 1.5 times the width of the doorway.

Kinds

The porch belongs to the group of light outdoor buildings, so it does not require a reinforced type of foundation. Often the base for it is freestanding, for example, in the front door or entrance.

Most often the foundation for the porch:

pile;
columnar;
shallow tape.

If the porch for a private house is planned as a full-fledged structure with stairs, columns, and the material for it is brick, concrete, stone, then it will require a solid foundation. It is built together with the foundation of the house, and they are connected to it. For example, if it is decided to build a porch with brick columns on a concrete platform, the fragile foundation simply cannot withstand this structure: it will sag, warp or collapse.

According to the type of execution, the porch is:

open;
with a canopy or visor;
covered.

The first type is predominantly found in private cottages. Often, right behind the porch in such houses is a patio or terrace. The porch consists of an open platform and steps, of which there can be a different number. If there are more than three, the porch should be equipped with railings.

Sheds and canopies are not provided, most often this role is played by an attic or balcony, located directly above the entrance group. Or if the house is one-story, the protruding roof can partially take over the function of the canopy.

If the porch is equipped with a canopy or canopy, it is located above the front door and closes it, as well as part of the site near the house. The canopy can be extended to create a parking area for vehicles or a seating area in front of the house. The latter can be equipped with a barbecue or barbecue.

Most often, this type of porch is used when the house has a basement, and the front door is high. An interesting unusual visor can decorate the facade, as well as perform practical functions.

In the latter version, the entrance group is completely covered with a roof, as is the platform near the door. The walls of the house enclose the porch, thus creating a kind of vestibule. The entrance to the house is protected from rain and wind.

Today, the achievements of the construction industry make it possible not to be limited only to the rectangular shape of the porch. Now you can give it a variety of configurations: a semicircle, a polyhedron, even a triangle.

For example, by giving the porch a semicircular shape, you can hide and smooth out excessively sharp corners of the house. Its convenience is that you can climb the stairs from any side, as they completely go around the entire porch, providing a comfortable approach to the door. It is better to make them brick or stone (from clinker tiles).

If there is a need to balance the house, you can lay out the steps of a trapezoidal shape. They are interesting in that they expand, rising up. Thus, the upper platform is solid and quite large.

Types of porches can be classified according to the size of the top platform:

terrace - an open spacious area equipped with railings;
patio - a platform that does not have railings and other fences, while covered with a canopy;
veranda - in fact, a glazed terrace;
vestibule - a small hallway that separates the entrance group from the living quarters.

Due to some reasons, the porch platform is at a considerable height.

This is due in the following cases:

If the project provides for the presence of a technical floor in the house.
If the climatic features at the construction site create the need to raise the porch. For example, in areas where spring flooding of water bodies or heavy winter snowfalls is possible, this is a prerequisite.
Difficult terrain. For example, if the house is on piles, the porch will simply have to be placed at a considerable height. Then even the most uneven terrain will not become an obstacle. And it will not be necessary to carry out expensive and labor-intensive earthworks.

Ladders can be located perpendicularly both on one side of the platform, and on both sides, or encircle it, making it possible to approach the door from any direction.

If there is not enough space in front of the house, the stairs can be placed along the facade or a reversal structure can be arranged. The multi-level terrace also looks original.

The cantilever-support structure is most often used for metal stairs. But it is necessary to provide for its construction at the stage of laying the foundation for the house.

If the width of the site is insufficient, you can place two small stairs on opposite sides of it. This is the most convenient option if there is very little free space in front of the house.

The most convenient of the stairs is the one whose steps go around the platform. For example, if the porch is small, but the rise should be comfortable.

The more original the solution for decorating the porch, the more interesting the facade will look. Thanks to the taste and idea of the owner, you can create a lively and unbanal architectural composition.

materials

On the modern market there is a fairly large number of different materials for arranging the porch in front of the front door.

The most common and frequently used are:

brick;
concrete;
wood;
metal alloys;
natural stone (granite);
polycarbonate.

The tree can be used in the form of logs, timber or decking. Most often, wood is used to equip the entrance groups of country houses built in the old Russian style. For a hut built in the traditions of wooden architecture, it is the log porch that will be authentic.

Wood is also convenient because it can be easily processed, it can be given any shape, even the most complex and fancy. Master carvers with extensive experience are able to design unusually beautiful openwork compositions on windows, roof ridges and entrance groups of houses. The porch railing and the fence around the house look very impressive, having a similar or the same carved pattern.

The more original and subtler the work of the wood carver, the more effective the result will be.

We should not forget about the need for mandatory treatment of wooden elements with a flame retardant from fire and an antiseptic from decay. Then the design will serve for a long time without losing its attractive appearance.

It is better to use wood species that are difficult to rot.

These are usually conifers, for example:

pine - the most budgetary and affordable option, has a light white tint;
larch is a very strong and reliable breed, but not easy to process, it has an interesting yellow-orange undertone;
spruce - for street buildings should be used carefully, as it is very susceptible to the damaging effects of moisture;

cedar - a valuable and expensive material that is used to accentuate details, has a pinkish tint;
fir is the most fragile and light, almost white coniferous species. It is not recommended to use for structures that require strength.

birch is a very durable breed, but it needs special protective treatment, otherwise the wood will crack;
beech is an expensive wood; individual parts of the structure are made from it;
aspen - it is used for the most part for the construction of baths due to its high resistance to moisture;
oak is an ideal material for building "for centuries", as it is very durable, valuable and expensive.

There are no restrictions on the use of wood in construction. You can build a porch entirely from this material, you can sheathe it with a birch or cedar board or clapboard.

It should be noted that the presence of smooth chiseled figured balusters on the railings and polished steps is a traditional element in Russian architecture, which remains relevant even now.

Metal is not as popular a material as wood, concrete or brick, but it can look just as impressive. Especially if forged items in vintage style are used. Most often, metal parts are combined with stone, concrete or wood.

This is not due to the fact that the characteristics of the metal are worse than other materials. It's just that its cost is quite high, as is the price of welding work when installing the porch. But forged railings or a frame on a visor, supported by a similar frame for a street lamp or lantern, are more budget options.

If the price of the issue is not a problem for the owner, you can order any forged items you want from the appropriate craftsmen. The openwork frame on the visor, supported by the same design of caps on the fence or the same frame of lanterns above the door and along the perimeter of the fence, look very impressive.

But the metal is extremely susceptible to corrosion, rain and snowfall can quickly make it unusable.

Very often, forged elements are covered with transparent polycarbonate. So they are less exposed to negative environmental factors, while the beauty and originality of the details are more noticeable.

Any professional forging makes the appearance of the structure a real work of art.

Natural stone is a very special material. It can perform both solo and in combination with any other type of finish. Granite or marble entrance group has a maximum of advantages for a capital structure: strong, durable, beautiful, reliable, resistant to environmental influences. But it has two significant disadvantages: it is bulky and expensive.

Thanks to the achievements of modern production technologies, false stone is practically indistinguishable from natural in appearance. You can detect a fake only by touching it.

Instead of natural stone, you can use tiles: clinker, paving. Firstly, they are more budgetary than solid stone, and secondly, they are much more convenient to work with, since they are lighter and each element has its own specific size.

The entrance group made of stone will perfectly decorate a brick house, as well as finished with plaster or panels imitating stone or brick. It must be understood that the stone porch looks truly monumental, so it is not recommended to decorate a small house with it.

Brick, like wood, is an affordable and common material in the design of the porch. They can both finish the finished composition, and create a complete structure from it. It weighs a little, is inexpensive, while strong and durable. In addition, it is easy to operate and operate.

For outdoor work, a type of brick such as clinker is often used. It has enhanced durability. He is not afraid of all the typical environmental factors: rain, snow, temperature changes, direct sunlight. It does not lose its attractive appearance for a long time.

There are a large number of color solutions for clinker bricks on the market. This allows you to create real masterpieces in the decor of the porches: ornaments, gradients, contrasting patterns or monochrome.

Polycarbonate is the only material that cannot be used for a porch base. It can only be used as a coating. The frame will be metal, wooden beam or brick. Polycarbonate must be used wisely, then you can create an interesting architectural solution from it.

Where can polycarbonate be used:

as a coating on forged elements;
for the construction of a visor over the entrance group;
you can create a canopy over the porch.

Due to the fact that polycarbonate bends well, it is possible to create structures of various shapes from it.

Concrete in most cases is the basis; on top it is covered with various cladding. This is because concrete itself has an unpresentable appearance and the entrance group, built only from it, will not decorate the house.

However, concrete can be poured into any form of formwork and a large number of different step and porch configurations can be obtained.

There are polished or painted concrete structures that look quite interesting.

Since uncured concrete is plastic, it is possible to cast elements of any complexity. But the main disadvantage is the extreme severity of the material and the complexity of installation.

Dimensions

What will be the porch, it is best to plan at the design stage of the house project. Then you should decide on its size. In addition to the desire of the owner, there are also safety requirements. So, the upper platform should be such that a person can open the door (outward, in accordance with fire regulations), and he does not have to step down the step.

The width, depth and height of the steps are regulated by SNiPs, and none of the parameters should be less than the regulated one. The same goes for slope angles. As for the configuration and decor - here the owner is free to act in accordance with his imagination.

Design

Whether the porch top is high or low, it can be designed and decorated according to the owner's wishes. Of course, you need to understand that the railing on the high porch is not only and not so much an element of decor, but an important functional detail: both in winter during snowfalls and ice, and in autumn during heavy rains. On a low porch or a couple of steps, railings and railings are not an urgent need, but a whim of the owner. Nevertheless, such a fence (columns connected by a chain, for example) can become an adornment of the entrance group, especially in spring and summer.

Depending on the chosen design style of the entrance group, you can complement its design with a bench, a hedge, a curly-cut lawn, symmetrically divided flower beds, one or two lanterns - there are a lot of options, and each is interesting.

Do not overload the decor with dissimilar details. For example, if forging elements are used in the design of a porch (canopy, canopy), it is advisable to support it by using similar elements in the design of a lantern, bench, caps on the fence. Mixing elements of different styles can create a cacophony and bad taste in the decor.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the compatibility of the materials from which the entrance group is created. The quality must be on top, because attempts to save money and buy building material of dubious origin can lead to the rapid destruction of the structure. Therefore, it is better to buy all the components of the input group of well-known and well-established manufacturers in the market. Clinker tiles will look great with both concrete posts and wrought iron railings. A brick porch is in harmony with a fence made of a similar material.

It must be remembered that any combination should be treated with caution. It is better to draw a sketch - manually or in a computer program, or use one of the huge number of ready-made photographs. Because the porch is a significant element of the design of the house, which is the first to catch the eye.

The adjacent landscape (as well as the overall composition of the site) is also important to consider when developing a design project for the entrance group. For a country house in a classic style, the stylization of an English garden is perfect - bouquets in pots, mini-flower beds.

In most cases, the facing of steps on a concrete staircase occurs through ceramic tiles or stone, and the latter can be both natural and artificial. Treads can be finished with tiles that have an imperfect rough texture.

In front of the door in a wooden house, you can make a small filling staircase. Then you can cover it not with tiles, but with a polished or terraced board.

A wooden porch can be decorated in many ways. Since this material has a very beautiful structure, it does not need to be hidden, but rather emphasized.

If necessary, it can be coated with varnish, special oil or paint.

Style

Any entrance to the house is the widest field for experiments in decorating, whether it is three steps or a full-fledged wide staircase. How to arrange a porch in different style solutions - we will consider in this section.

The country-style entrance group will look best in a wooden version., while the material should look like it has never been machined. It is important to leave the natural curves of the tree trunks on the railing or railing, while, of course, they should not have jagged, rough edges that can leave splinters and injure someone who will move up the stairs.

A porch decorated with Greek-style columns can look very interesting, especially in warm climates. It is best to plant antique portals with flowers and evergreen shrubs (cypress, arborvitae, laurel). Stone clinker tiles on a low porch with a spacious platform will be an ideal addition to the composition, as well as a gable canopy supported by columns.

The colonial style of the entrance group with deliberately rough-hewn stone will beautifully complement a house made of a similar material. Such a porch near a house with a multi-pitched roof or a round roof looks especially original. The house becomes like a fortress or a castle, and the entrance group organically complements the composition. This style is neither luxurious nor pretentious, but it looks really impressive and solid.

The entrance group, for the design of which the Mediterranean style is chosen, will look best near the house in warm climatic latitudes. The descent along the wide white marble steps directly to the sea or the pool is truly chic. Columns and amphorae pots with southern flowers and plants planted in them will add sophistication to the composition.

Russian style is, first of all, beautifully crafted wood. Neither brick, nor stone, let alone plastic, are inappropriate in it. Only wood, carved if possible. There are several ways to design buildings in the Russian style - this is a log hut, and a princely tower. Railings with balusters, a carved fence, a canopy with an openwork pattern - these are all integral components of this style.

Scandinavian style is the exact opposite of artsy Russian. There are no unnecessary details, while all the requirements of convenience and comfort are met. The apparent simplicity of this style hides the thoughtful organization of all the little things. As a rule, white stone or tiles are used, the fence posts are also stone or concrete.

Provence style is perfectly supported by a wooden staircase with carvings. It is recommended to paint it white, it is good if the paint cracks a little.

Forging elements will look great in the chalet style: a lantern, caps on the fence, railings and posts.

Foundation

When designing the entrance group, it is logical to use the same material from which the house is built. That is, a wooden porch is suitable for a log or timber house, a brick porch for a brick house.

When constructing steps and platforms, it is necessary to waterproof the elements of the extension, because otherwise they will suffer from the influence of climatic conditions. In addition, it is necessary to drain the soil, for this they dig special trenches for drainage and pump out water.

Before finishing the construction of the porch, you need to make sure that the door can be opened even after a heavy snowfall. And for this, the platform should be lower than the front door, by about 5 cm. If there is no canopy above the entrance group, you can build a platform with a slight slope - up to 5 degrees, to ensure the outflow of water. If there is a canopy or visor, it is not necessary to arrange a slope.

The larger the house, the more impressive the porch and, accordingly, the foundation for it will be required. It is best to lay it at the stage of building a house at the same time as the general foundation of the house, especially if it is planned to arrange a veranda or patio on the upper platform.

If you do not make the base under the porch, then it may sag soon after manufacturing.

There are several options for the foundation for the porch:

tape;
pile;
columnar;
from slabs.

The most common type of base is tape. It is chosen by both experienced builders and beginners in this matter. It is easy to build, since the technology of the device is simple, and it requires little building materials.

It is more difficult to arrange a pile type; reinforced concrete piles will be needed. Their ends are pointed in order to make it more convenient to install them at the desired depth.

Laying a columnar foundation is quick and easy, as the pillars are located close to each other at the corners of the porch and at the places where the walls intersect.

The most complex and expensive option is a foundation built of slabs. Firstly, it requires a large number of activities: from preparing a pit to laying a reinforced slab on a prepared "cushion" of sand and gravel.

It is important to remember that the wider and larger the porch is planned, the more solid the base under it should be.

The process of laying the foundation should go simultaneously with the construction of the house. If the foundations are laid at different times, then they will settle at different rates. Structures can "lead" in different directions, which will lead to the formation of cracks. To avoid this, you need to use high-quality cement.

In order for the structure to last longer, you need to take care of the thermal insulation of both the porch itself and the base under it. This is especially true for large, solid entrance groups. It is equally important to correctly calculate the depth for its bookmark.

In most cases, a foundation under the entrance group is needed. It is unlikely that there is a person who built a house, invested a lot of time, effort and, what to hide, money in it, who wants to watch how his creation is destroyed just because he was too lazy to put it on a high-quality and reliable foundation.

A porch is not an easy visor over. This is practically the calling card of the house. buildings can be luxuriously decorated, but if instead of a step there is a wooden box of vegetables in front of the door, and a piece of unevenly cut iron as a roof over the door, the whole impression is lost. How to properly and beautifully for a private home? Photos of the best projects, design secrets and much more on the topic - in this material.

The porch is an indispensable part of the facade of anyone, and few people think that in fact this structural detail has a very important function. It is the transition from ground level to the height of the first floor of the building. If houses have, then this height can be quite decent - up to one and a half meters.

At least one, but it will be needed. Before the front door, there must certainly be a platform on which it will be convenient to turn around and open the door leaf so that it does not interfere with the passage.

In addition to the specified main function, the tasks of the porch include:

preventing entry into the house and dirt;
in some cases, the placement of seats for relaxation and garden tools;
in a closed structure performs the task of a heat insulator;
is an element of decoration of the facade.

Among the minimum design requirements are the presence of at least two or three steps, the minimum size of the site is one square meter.

All about Feng Shui

The shape of the entrance extension depends on the taste and preferences of the owner and can be:

rectangular;
angular;
radial;
trapezoidal.

Chinese folk signs say that the well-being of the family depends on the shape of this part:

Semicircle and circle		Promote harmony and well-being in family relationships
Square		For success and stability in life
Rectangle		Helps personal growth and solitude
Trapeze		Financial stability
corner option		Unity of children and parents

According to these canons or not, the shape of the porch for a country house should look good. If this design has rounded shapes, they should be repeated in the lines of the building or adjacent and.

Open and closed mold

The entrance part of the house can be closed or open. In the first case, the construction will be less expensive and not difficult. In the second, the structure will become an integral part of the facade and can be used not only as a porch, but also as.

Note! The porch material does not have to be the same as the façade material. It is only necessary to maintain the general style of design.

Projects of a closed porch for a private house can be very different, consider a photo of the most successful options.

Veranda– glazed on three sides, in which there is no heating system. It can not only be in front of the facade of the cottage, but also recede from its side.

Advice! In order for the attached veranda to look like an organic part of the house, it should be no more than a third of the area of the first floor.

The terrace has no walls. This is an open form, which can be not just in front of the house, but even located around the entire perimeter of the building. In this case, the steps can be located in any convenient place or at several points at once. Most often, the terrace is decorated with railings, they give the structure a finished look.

Metal porch in private houses: photo

Metal structures are strong and durable. Forged options are distinguished by an openwork design. Such extensions can look like real works of art. The basis is metal racks and profiles or pipes. If the house has already shrunk, you can firmly tie it to the metal porch by welding parts of the reinforcement. Forged extensions have only one, but a significant drawback - they will not protect the entrance to the house from cold and wind. Photo of a porch in a private house made of metal:

Reinforced concrete structure

This extension option is the most common. Experts advise laying the foundation of a concrete porch along with.

In this case, the steps for lifting are also made of concrete. To form the feet, figured formwork and special spacers are used. So that over time the concrete base does not collapse under the influence of rain and snow, it is covered.

Design features

The appearance of the entrance extension should correspond to the style of the facade of the building. Various materials are used for decoration:

stone;
ceramic tiles;
wood;
plastic;
moisture resistant laminate.

Note! If ceramic tiles are used for facing the steps, it is worth taking care of the anti-slip coating. In its role can be a rubber or polyurethane mat. It is especially important to provide such coverage in winter.

For decoration use original and other accessories.

Common styles:

Country. Characteristic signs of this are figured balusters and a parapet lined with stone. The visor is made of wood, and the space between the railings is filled with crossed wooden slats.

implies the use of . The pattern should be in harmony with the patterns on the platbands and cornices. If you add bright coloring, you get a truly royal porch.

High tech. They use a harmonious combination of metal and plastic. Details are made of galvanized pipes, it is possible to use tempered glass. A good idea would be to use polycarbonate. It has different colors, is easy to mount and bend if necessary.

Classic. Such extensions are decorated with stone. Marble and granite are best suited for this purpose. Columns are appropriate in the facade. Wrought iron railings can be installed.

Do-it-yourself porch to the house: projects, photos and advice from builders

For the construction of the porch does not require any special skills. First of all, you will need to work. It is necessary to measure the height of future degrees, the doorway.

Here are some examples of projects:

All these options can be reworked to suit your own requirements and facade features.

Do-it-yourself wooden porch construction with a canopy

Stage 1 - design

In each case, the size and shape of the porch may be different, but there are some mandatory parameters:

the width of the flight of stairs is not less than ninety centimeters;
slope of the stairs within thirty - forty-five degrees;
height of steps from 15 to 19 centimeters;
the width of the steps is thirty centimeters.

These are dictated by the anatomical features of a person and adapted to his average parameters. For people with large growth, all the above parameters should be increased by 3-4 centimeters.

Important! So that rainwater does not stagnate on the steps, when they are arranged, they make a slight tilt forward.

If there are only a couple of steps on the wooden porch, you can do without. But if there are elderly people in the house, it is better to provide for them.

The minimum site size is one square meter. If possible, it is better to provide a larger area. Subsequently, you can put on it for the summer. The flooring level should be provided five centimeters below the threshold of the front door. So even when the boards swell in wet weather, there will be no problems with opening and closing the door leaf.

Stage 2 - arrangement of the foundation

The wooden structure at the entrance is installed on a columnar or pile foundation. You can install such a foundation in just one day. For this purpose, recesses are drilled in the ground, into which asbestos-cement pipes are installed, which are reinforced with reinforcement and filled with concrete mortar. Wooden poles can also be installed, but they will not last long, even if the wood is impregnated with protective compounds. The easiest way to work with screw piles.

Supports of any type are buried to a level below the freezing level of the soil. After installation, a horizontal strapping is attached to the supports.

Stage 3 - installation of stairs

The thickness should not be less than 3 centimeters. Otherwise, when moving furniture or a refrigerator, the load will be such that the steps will simply break. To fix the steps on the stringer, use self-tapping screws. Unlike nails, they won't loosen over time and split wood.

Stage 4 - canopy device

From what to make the roof of the porch - everyone decides, but the issue of a harmonious combination of materials should be taken into account. The combination of concrete and wood is not the best option. The tree goes well with tiles and. Examples in the photo of the visor above the porch:

The shape of the roof can be shed, hipped or arched. The main thing is the presence of a slope for water flow and. The distance between the rafters is not more than thirty centimeters.

Important! All wooden parts of the porch should be carefully treated from wood-eating insects and rot.

Results

To make you feel like in a children's rhyme, a prince on the porch, you have to work hard. A project should be developed that guarantees the stability of the structure and its harmonious combination with the facade of the building.

The entrance to the house, equipped with a veranda or terrace, will become a comfortable place for the whole family to relax. For inspiration, you can use the best photos of the porch for a private house and recommendations on the video.

Atmospheric precipitation, wind and sun are three factors that adversely affect the condition of any building structures. Of course, you have to take protective measures all the time in order to extend their service life. But there is one element in the design of the house that often fails if it is not closed with something. It's about the porch. An open porch is often found in private housing construction. This is especially true for small houses and cottages. But many developers, even at the design stage of their home, are trying to make sure that their porch is under reliable protection.

Someone arranges a visor over it, someone builds a whole canopy. By the way, such a complex is called a covered porch. It is protected from above, but open around the entire perimeter, so it still cannot be saved from moisture. Therefore, for those who are going to build a private house, we recommend that you think about a structure that is protected from all sides. This is the so-called closed porch. In fact, this is a finished room or vestibule, which can be heated or not, everything is at the discretion of the customer. Both options are pictured below.

The interior of the closed porch is also chosen at the request of the owner of the house, taking into account the recommendations of the designers. But the outer side of the extension has its own characteristics, both structural and design.

Features of the roof structure of the closed porch

It is necessary to start talking about a closed porch from the roof. Why?

Firstly, it is the protective part of the structure, which is responsible for the non-penetration of natural loads into the premises.
Secondly, it is, in fact, a continuation of the roof of the house itself. Therefore, the requirements for the roof of the porch are quite stringent.
Thirdly, as with all building structures, there are strength requirements for the roof of the porch.

For the first position, you can say this. There are a huge number of roofing materials that are used today in the construction of roofs, large and small. But since the closed porch of the house is a small room, it is possible to use lightweight materials to cover it. For example, flexible tiles.

On the second position. Designers believe that it is necessary to cover the porch (closed) with the same roofing material as the main building itself. As practice shows, this is not always applied in practice. Look at the photo below, where the house is covered with tiles, and the roof of the porch is transparent polycarbonate. Looks very original and airy.

Position number three. Snow and rain loads greatly affect the design of the porch roof. But in the modern world, especially in the field of construction, there is no need to use any complex and heavy materials to make the roof, and indeed the entire structure, durable. There are a large number of modern lightweight materials and products that can withstand fairly decent loads. For example, aluminum profiles.

Attention! A closed vestibule is a full-fledged room, albeit a small one, but a room with walls, a ceiling, a floor and a roof.

Therefore, pay attention to the photo below, which shows such a vestibule in the form of a small house attached to the main building. The entrance of the house is completely closed, but the vestibule itself is equipped with windows and an entrance door. To build it, in addition to the porch itself, it was necessary to build walls, install a door on the entrance and windows on the sides. At the same time, the walls are raised to a certain level.

But the most important thing is that the roof of the closed porch is connected only with the main building, that is, it is fixed on the wall of the house. In fact, this is a separately hanging element, which is not connected with the walls of the porch itself. Windows in this case are not a support, they just simply close the opening between the roof and walls. Therefore, when constructing such a vestibule, it is necessary first of all to take care of fixing the roof. There are many options here, some are complex, some are simple. One option is to install consoles on the facade of the house itself.

Since it has already been said that today it is possible to use lightweight materials for the construction of a closed porch, I would like to dwell on glazing systems. Again, we draw your attention to the photo below, where you can see a very beautiful option, glazed on all sides. This is a lightweight design, transparent, so during the day the light on the porch is not needed.

This photo also shows the glass roof. This is one of the options, although this element can be constructed from different materials. The main thing is to carry out the correct installation and fastening. Such a vestibule has one drawback - the glass will have to be cleaned and washed all the time.

As for the northern regions, it is better to build a vestibule in the form of a completely closed room, of course, the entrance is equipped with a door. It is important to use building materials that can withstand low temperatures. Again, we draw your attention to the photo below, where a closed brick vestibule was erected. By the way, not in the color tone of the facade of the house, as the designers recommend. Small windows, a beautiful door - that's all that is needed.

By the way, this version of the closed porch is very easy to build with your own hands.

How to build a closed porch with your own hands

Let's look at how to build a closed brick vestibule, which is shown in the photo above. We will not delve into all the details of construction, we will be interested in the sequence and some of the nuances.

As with any structure, a foundation will have to be erected for a closed porch. The best option is slab. That is, a foundation pit is dug to a depth of half a meter to fit the size of the object, which is covered with crushed stone up to a layer of 20 cm, and sand on top with a layer of up to 10-15 cm. This pillow is compacted in layers.
A reinforcing frame is installed on top in the form of a lattice of metal reinforcement with diameters of 10-12 mm.
Concrete mortar is poured to the edges of the pit. Concrete must be rammed with a vibrator.

Attention! It is necessary to dry the foundation within 28 days. During this period, the concrete will reach its grade strength.

Now you can build the porch itself with steps. The simplest option is a brick or blocks, which, after the construction of the entire closed structure, will be lined (see photo above). If it is decided to make a porch of concrete, then it is possible to pour the concrete mortar on the filled pillow, laying the armoframe and setting the formwork. That is, in this case, you can do without a foundation.

So, everything is ready to build brick walls. First of all, waterproofing must be applied under the masonry. Do not neglect protective operations, a closed-type vestibule is the first protective barrier to precipitation. The very construction of brick walls is carried out according to standard technology, which is based on the bandage of blocks. Be sure to leave openings for windows and the front door with the installation of lintels or frames. The entrance is determined based on the width of the porch.

Attention! The walls of the closed porch must be attached to the walls of the building.

Therefore, every five rows of bricks, metal pins from reinforcement must be driven into the facade of the house. The pin must be at least 30 cm long, it must be located between the bricks.

The matter remains behind the roof. As mentioned above, it must be attached to the facade of the main building. But since our porch is built of bricks (a very reliable wall material), it can be installed directly on the walls of a closed porch. Most often, this is a wooden structure, consisting of a supporting tier of timber, which are mounted around the perimeter of the room. By the way, the timber, located at the entrance to the house, is attached to the wall. The rest to the walls of the extension.

If a shed roof is being erected over the porch, then another such wooden element is hung and fixed above the supporting beam at the facade. The rafters are mounted on which the roofing material is laid. The last stage is the interior decoration. Everything is at the discretion of the customer, although projects in this regard may differ in great originality. By the way, do not forget to hem the ceiling, although you can do without it if the porch is unheated. Before finishing, windows and a door to the entrance are installed, lighting is provided.

As mentioned above, private developers are increasingly using the latest materials in the construction of their homes. Polycarbonate is one of them. It is durable, transparent and easy to process (cut, bent), so it is very easy to make a closed porch from it with your own hands. The only thing is that under it it is necessary to build a wooden or metal structure. The second option is stronger, but more expensive.

They know that the hallmark of any private house can be its porch.

It can be stone, wooden or made of metal, under a canopy or closed, small or massive.

But no matter what material and design you choose, the main requirement for this structure is reliability and functionality.

And in order for the street entrance to the cottage to serve faithfully for many years in all respects, you must follow a number of basic rules that users of our site will tell you about!

How to build a comfortable porch: a project

This is the question you need to ask yourself at the design stage of the future home.

Its main purpose is to provide free access from the street to the mansion. The closed porch, insulated, with the front door turns into the so-called vestibule.

Closed porch to the house with their own hands.

The vestibule, being a buffer zone, cuts off the flow of cold street air and prevents the exit of warm air when entering a residential building from the street.

Porch to the house with their own hands.

Due to this, the heat loss of a residential building is reduced, which is especially important in cold climates. A well-designed porch in a private house is a pleasure to use, while an inconvenient one turns into a headache for all household members. The service life of a porch is equal to or exceeds the life of a residential building. Therefore, before proceeding with its construction, it is necessary to understand its functions and translate it into a project:

Provide a convenient entrance to the house and reliable protection from atmospheric precipitation of the entrance group;

Harmoniously fit into the overall architectural ensemble of the cottage, and not look like an alien exterior element;

Structural elements should not interfere with the free opening and closing of the front door;

During construction, it is necessary to use durable materials;

The optimal size of the porch of a private house, its location, fencing elements, the width and angle of the steps should ensure the free entry of large items: furniture, refrigerator, equipment for a boiler room or technical room;

The compact outdoor design should ensure the convenience and safety of its operation for children or the elderly. This is especially true with a high porch - from 1 meter or more. In this case, it is necessary to think over the fencing system in advance - mount the railing, etc.;

Steps should provide comfortable access.

Do-it-yourself open porch.

The design of the porch in a private house, its dimensions and design are best thought out at the stage of creating a house project! And you can learn about all the interesting features of construction in a private house .

Only taking into account all the above requirements, you can take on a detailed study of the elements of the porch. And you need to start from the foundation.

High porch to the house.

Features of the construction of the foundation under the porch

The construction of a porch should be treated as responsibly as the construction of an individual house. The basis of any structure is a solid foundation. But developers may only think about building a porch after the foundation has been laid, or the house has already been built. And this is what it leads to:

Sakyra10:

- When laying the foundation under, we did not make a rectangular small porch. Now, when the time has come to deal with exterior decoration, we are faced with a dilemma - from what and how to build an entrance group. I don’t want to dig a trench for laying the main foundation, and there is no place for heavy equipment to drive in, because. a fence has already been erected. I think to put a metal porch - as the most technically simple solution, but I don’t know whether it is necessary to tie it to the house, and what foundation to choose for it.

Very often, the construction of all extensions to the house is left “for later”. Then the developers try to correct this mistake, but make another mistake: they make a rigid binding of the foundation of the extension to the main "home" foundation. Because the place of joining of two foundations does not have a sufficient margin of safety, and the foundations themselves are laid at different depths and carry different loads, then with seasonal ground movements (during frost heaving), oppositely acting forces break the anchor point, as in the photo.

The foundations shift, they stick out, cracks appear, and the structures begin to lead. Therefore, you should remember the following rule:

Any extension (porch, terrace) is a separate building that requires the construction of its own independent foundation.

Porch for a cottage.

Vit1959:

- In this case, a deformation seam is arranged between the two foundations, which is sealed with any elastic material and closed with decorative overlays.

As a result, the foundations look like a single whole, but are untied in relation to each other.

VictorUfa:

- The expansion joint can be arranged through the PSUL tape (pre-compressed polyurethane sealing tape), and it is better to mount the roof truss system of the porch of the house on a swivel joint. Close the connection itself with an abutment bar.

The articulation of the elements gives the rafters relative mobility, and with small mixtures, the knot will remain intact.

If the device of the expansion joint usually does not cause difficulties, then a number of questions arise when choosing a foundation for the porch.

- I thought about building a foundation for an open porch to the house. But I still don't know which one to choose. I think to consider two options: metal or stone base. Both have their pros and cons:

The metal base is easy and fast to install. Holes for piles are drilled in the ground, the support pipe is poured. Then a metal corner or channel is screwed or welded to it. The platform is tied up, the stringers are placed, the steps are assembled;

The stone base is more difficult to make. A shallow strip foundation is being laid. The slab is poured and already on this basis further casting of steps from concrete is carried out. Such work involves higher costs associated with viscous reinforcing cage, pouring concrete, excavation, etc.

Vit1959:

- I would put a small porch to the house on an ordinary pile foundation, having previously drilled wells to the depth of freezing of the earth. This is the simplest and cheapest option for the foundation under the porch of the building.

Porch, entrance to a private house.

And here is the user with the nickname Victor Ufa believes that if a pile foundation is chosen for the porch, the piles can be pushed out by the lateral forces of frost heaving, as is often the case with fence posts.

Output found:

Dimastik25:

Watch our video on how to build a deck on a car tire foundation.

What is a porch, why is it and what functions does it perform?

The porch is an extension to the house, which through the steps makes it easier to enter / exit the door. Since the porch usually has a canopy, this is an additional protection for the doorway from the sun, rain and snow.

In addition, the porch acts as a decorative element that makes the exterior of the house complete and its operation convenient.

As a rule, the parameters of the porch are thought out even at the stage of building a house, cottage or cottage. But often the porch is attached to an existing building.

Traditionally, the same material from which it was built is used to build a porch in front of a house (for example, a wooden or brick house). The porch can be made of wood, concrete, metal, brick. It is important that the selected material (for steps, cladding, porch trim) is in harmony with the overall design of the house.

Due to the fact that wood is the most popular, as well as affordable and inexpensive material, most often the porch is built from wood. Therefore, we will consider in detail (step by step) how to organize the construction of a wooden porch. Another argument in favor of lumber is the ease of working with wood, which makes it possible to make a wooden porch with your own hands.

Wooden porch to a private house - project

Construction begins with the development of a project that takes into account:

Porch types

Porch construction

built-in porch - built together with the house, has a common foundation with it;

attached (attached porch) - completed during the operation of the house.

Material for porches in a private house

wood;
concrete;
metal (forging, steel, iron);
brick (stone).

Methods for arranging a wooden porch

Implementation is possible in two versions:

This method is simpler and consists in the fact that a wooden box (or a porch frame made of a metal profile) is installed on the prepared site, on which steps are installed.

This option is also more budgetary, it can be implemented at any stage of construction or operation of the house. A closed wooden porch makes it possible to hide all the flaws that arise during the construction phase;

The peculiarity of this method is that the base frame is prepared only for the lower part of the kosour / string, and the upper one rests on beams or a floor slab. This way of building a porch gives more opportunities for the implementation of original solutions.

How to make a wooden porch with your own hands without mistakes

Before we tell you how to build a wooden porch, we will describe the main mistakes that novice craftsmen may encounter.

stylistic mistakes. The dimensions, appearance, material of the porch should be in harmony with the general appearance of the building (house design);

errors in the size of the porch. The porch should be proportional to the main building;

measurement errors. Each parameter is measured several times and plotted on the diagram;>
Note. Professionals advise putting on the diagram not only the dimensions of the porch, wooden frame, but also other parameters: the size of the doorway, the distance from the porch to plants or protruding decorative elements. This information is useful, if necessary, correct the drawing of the porch.
waste of material. Eliminated by careful planning.

ignoring the requirements for structural strength. The porch is the most exploited part of the building. In addition, it is exposed to external factors, which means that the material must be chosen with a margin of safety and taking into account the dimensions of the porch;

provide additional protection to the wooden porch. Untreated wood gradually loses its properties, therefore it needs protection and constant care;
Note. Both open parts of the structure and load-bearing parts need protection, i.e. those that are placed in the ground or rest on a foundation.

dissociation of the foundations of the house and the porch (on different (separate) foundations) will lead to uneven shrinkage of the porch and the appearance of a crack between the elements. To avoid this, the threshold installed at the junction of the porch to the house will allow. Or setting the threshold without a march, with the first step 150-170 mm below the threshold. But this is fraught with injuries, because, leaving the door, the user is forced to go down;

the absence of a foundation leads to the fact that the porch "floats" under the influence of soil displacement (shear);

door jamming (blocking, jamming). Occurs due to geological changes (frozen soil is able to raise the porch a couple of centimeters).

How to build a porch in the house

Porch material

To make a beautiful wooden porch you will need building material:

for supports, a beam with a section of 100x200 mm is suitable. The size depends on the type of porch, the expected load, the number of supports, etc. When choosing wood for supports, it is better to give preference to larch or pine, due to the presence of resins, they withstand all-season operating conditions well;

for the entrance platform from the steps, you can use a board with a thickness of 30-50 mm;

finished balusters and railings. Or timber and rail for their manufacture. The dimensions of the lumber depend on the parameters of the future product.

solutions, compositions and impregnations for wood protection;

cement mortar (concrete);

Note. The use of 50 mm boards both on the supports and on the steps will avoid calculation errors, reduce waste and, in general, use lumber more rationally.

Drawing of a wooden porch

Even a simple (typical) drawing, drawn by yourself, will help to avoid difficulties in its construction.

The drawing of the porch must contain the data:

porch appearance. It makes it possible to visualize the final view of the structure;

porch width - should be one and a half times wider than the doorway (you can calculate how wide the porch should be in this way: multiply 1.5 by the width of the door, this will be the minimum allowable width). This width will allow you to open the door while on the porch platform;

the width of the stairs to the porch (flight of stairs) - must be at least 700 mm. Otherwise, there will be difficulties in moving people and objects along the steps;

the location of the platform (flooring) of the porch. The floor of the porch should be 30-50 mm below the threshold (doorway). The porch platform lowered down will prevent the doors from blocking due to snow or raising the porch structure;

the angle of the porch;

Note. Professionals advise making the slope of the porch and steps 2-3 ° to avoid water accumulation. An alternative would be to install deck boards with a gap of 2-3 mm.

foundation. Types, depth of laying, characteristics of the soil under it;

the number and size of steps of the porch. The standard recommends adhering to the following dimensions of steps: height - 170-180 mm, step depth (tread) - 300-350 mm. It is desirable that the number of steps be odd. Such dimensions will make the movement on the steps comfortable;

the presence and place of installation of the fence (balusters and railings).

Note. In construction practice, there are no norms and rules governing the parameters of the porch. The recommendations concern only the parameters of the steps.

A drawing of a wooden porch, as a good example:

Scheme of a wooden porch

It is convenient to work when the scheme of the wooden porch is made on a large sheet of paper and is always in front of your eyes.

A good alternative would be a life-size cardboard template. A paper template is indispensable in the manufacture of a flight of stairs on a bowstring.

Foundation under the porch of the house

Properly selected and poured foundation for a wooden porch is the key to its strength and durability.

A wooden staircase to the porch can be installed without a foundation. But its filling will avoid the displacement of the porch due to seasonal movement of the soil.

When building a porch, you can choose one of the following types of foundation:

Columnar. Good for lightweight construction. The number of support pillars depends on the size of the porch.

Slab. Structurally, it is a monolithic concrete slab. Designed for heavy (massive) structures. The slab foundation in most cases does not need to be tied to the foundation of the main structure (house).

Tape. It has a significant margin of safety, while requiring less material costs. A connection with the foundation of the house is required.

The material was prepared for the site www.site

What is the best foundation for a porch?

Some users recommend equipping a strip foundation for the porch. In this case, the likelihood of a discrepancy between the porch and the house is eliminated, as when using a columnar one. And also the consumption of material is reduced, in comparison with slab. The complexity of arranging this type of foundation is that it needs to be tied to the house.

How to tie (tie) the foundation of the porch and the house?

First of all, the adjacent foundations of the porch and the house must have a single depth.

It is better not to fill the place of attachment (fastening, connection) of the foundations immediately, but leave a technical gap (a gap of 20-30 cm), in which there will be connecting elements (studs, reinforcement).

In the old foundation of the house, holes are drilled at a distance of 50-60 mm and studs with expanding anchors are hammered. From the new porch foundation, make a reinforcement tap to these studs. Simply wired (do not twist or weld).

After the new foundation “settles” (stands) for a year (or at least winter), preferably under load, you can connect the reinforcement (tie, twist, weld). Pour the bond with concrete mortar.

The diagram below shows how to make a wooden porch with the foundation tied to the house.

What is the depth of the foundation under the porch

The depth of the foundation for the porch should correspond to the depth of the foundation of the house and is below.

A strip foundation is definitely a great solution for building a porch. However, not everyone needs a massive structure. After all, most of the flights of stairs of the porch are built using stringers or bowstrings. In this case, it is not necessary to fill in a strip foundation, but to give preference to a pile or column foundation. Equipping such a foundation, you need to make concrete "cushions" for the supports and the base of the stringer / string.

The method of constructing a concrete cushion is shown in the diagram.

How to build a wooden porch for a house

Consider the technology of erecting porches on pillars (piles, supports, beams) made of wood.

The construction of a porch on a foundation in the form of a support cushion for pillars (support pedestals) will be justified only if a number of rules are followed:

the base of the kosour should rest against the waterproofing laid between the foundation and the wood of the kosour;

for supports it is better to take coniferous wood, it is preferable in conditions of high humidity;

Advice. When choosing lumber for a support, it is better to give preference not to a 100x100 mm beam, but to two 50x100 boards fastened together.

the wood of the supports should be treated with an antiseptic;

Note. The support should be processed to a height of 150-200 mm from the soil level. In this case, it is undesirable to use only It prevents the entry of air, and the process of wood decay begins from the inside. It is better to use drying oil or used engine oil.

installation depth of supports at least 800 mm;

the wider and more massive the structure, the more supports should be;

after the concrete with which the supports are poured dries, you need to check their height. Correct height difference;

Note. When making a wooden porch, it is necessary to consider waterproofing and a drainage system. This will avoid distortion of the porch structure.

It is worth noting that there is no fundamental difference in how to build a porch for a wooden house or a brick one. It is important to make an informed choice of the type of foundation and, if necessary, correctly bind it to the foundation of the house.

Porch decking and step installation

User opinions differ on this issue. Some advise to fit the flooring boards as closely as possible to each other in order to prevent the appearance of cracks characteristic of dry wood, as well as to make a slope of 1.5-2 ° allowing water to flow calmly from the flooring.

Others recommend leaving a gap of 2-3 mm so that water flows down unhindered. At the same time, they argue that these gaps do not entail the risk of injury when walking on the flooring (except for stilettos). Wooden steps for the porch - you can buy ready-made or make your own. If the latter option is selected, the detailed description is given below.

How to make steps for a wooden porch

Steps are installed, starting from the lower edge of the kosour / bowstring. Fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws, which must be sunk into the wood to avoid injury.

First, the riser is mounted, then the step. This is due to the fact that it is easier to maintain dimensions.

When arranging a ladder on a stringer, the steps are attached to it. Options for attaching steps to the bowstring are shown in the diagram.

Wooden porch railing

It is important to note that if there are more than 3 steps at the flight of stairs, it is desirable to equip it with a fence. Porch fencing can be metal (forged, stainless steel), wood, brick, stone (or concrete). Wooden railings for the porch can become not only a guarantee of the safety of movement, but also an additional decoration.

Recommendation. Provide safety elements - anti-slip coating on the steps of the porch (non-slip, anti-slip, rubber, rubber coating, tile, rug). After all, frozen moisture (icing) makes movement on them dangerous.

With the question of how to make a wooden porch sorted out, now it is important to learn how to extend the period of its operation.

How to protect a wooden porch - maintenance

A canopy over the porch will protect the wooden steps and the structure as a whole from the effects of external factors (from the sun, snow and rain). A wooden canopy over the porch of a wooden house will look especially good. For buildings made of other materials (for example, for a stone house), polycarbonate, corrugated board, tiles or other roofing materials are suitable. The visor can be made on racks or without them. The main thing is that the visor supports do not interfere with movement.

Wood processing is divided into pre-operational and operational. The first involves the application of special compounds before the construction of the porch begins. The composition of the solutions will reduce the tendency of wood to rot, warp, dry out, etc. And the second - will make it possible to preserve the original appearance of the structure. Such processing can include painting, waxing or varnishing.

Wood porch painting

pine wood needs to be opened (coated) with paint in several layers and periodically updated layer;

before applying the paint, you need to open (treat, impregnate) the wood with a primer;
Advice. The primer will retain the properties of the wood, but the surface will need to be painted every 3-6 years. Without impregnation, the paint will last up to 10 years, but the properties of the tree will deteriorate significantly.

covering pine with transparent compounds is not recommended. Sand and dirt are pressed into soft rock;

larch or hardwood wood can be opened with transparent compounds. The Vermeister Deck.Oil impregnation oil has proven to be excellent;

when choosing how to paint a wooden porch on the street, you need to know that the compositions for coating wood outside and inside the house may differ. To paint a wooden porch from the street (outside), use the following paints, enamels:

oily (due to the pungent odor, they are gradually losing popularity);

water-based (need to be constantly updated);

alkyd (resistant to moisture and mechanical abrasion);

polyurethane (used mainly in industrial conditions);

reactive (consist of two components, their distribution is limited by high cost and short time for application after mixing the components).

each update of the coating on wood is carried out only after cleaning the surface from the previous layer of old paint.

How to attach a wooden porch - video

Compliance with the steps listed above will allow you to create a beautiful, reliable and functional wooden porch with your own hands.