How is the installation of hidden electrical wiring. Electrical wiring - types and types. Installation of hidden electrical wiring behind wall panels

Strobes in brick before plastering

Attachment is carried out using plastic clips. Of course, all electrical wires must follow the routes that are determined by the scheme (we will note the rules for placing wires below).

In addition to installing the wires themselves, they immediately mount the socket boxes. Here it should be borne in mind that these boxes should not stick out above the plaster.

Therefore, you should decide on how thick the plaster will be and, depending on this, make holes with a drill in a brick wall. Mounting boxes are fixed in the holes made with the help of alabaster. The ends of the wires are output into these boxes.

Also, before the process of plastering the walls, junction boxes are mounted. They should be in every room. Their installation is no different from the installation of socket boxes. Cables are also brought out in the middle of them.

As for the type of cables, a VVGng or NYM copper cable should be installed under the plaster. The last cable is the most preferred option. They have a PVC sheath that does not support combustion and emits a reduced amount of smoke in the event of a short circuit.

If there is a desire to use other wires (PVS, APV or PV), then they must be mounted in boxes or pipes. To pull the cable through the pipes, an elastic plastic broach is used. First, it is pulled through the pipe. Next, a cable is securely attached to it and, pulling the broach, tighten the new wiring.

Useful advice: the most ideal option for laying hidden wiring would be to install plastic pipes on the walls of a brick house, through which the cables themselves will pass. The convenience of these pipes lies in the fact that if in the future it will be necessary to replace the wiring, then there will be no difficulties with dismantling the old and installing new cables. In this case, it will not be necessary to ditch the walls and the replacement process itself will be very simple.

When all the wires are laid, junction and mounting boxes are installed, plaster is applied on top. This wiring option is possible if the plaster layer is thicker than the cables.

In the event that it is planned to apply a little plaster, i.e. its layer will not be very thick and the cable cannot be hidden in it, then strobes (channels) must be made in brick walls. In them, the laying of hidden wiring will be done. We will describe the features of creating strobes below.

In practice, it often happens that the owners do not want to apply plaster on the walls, but install plasterboard plates instead. In this case, everything is very simple, since each wire can be safely attached to the wall with brackets, and all hidden wiring will be placed behind a drywall sheet. Of course, the placement of electrical cables must comply with the electrical circuit and the rules defined by the PUE.

How to place electrical wires

Let's dwell on the rules for placing electrical cables. They should only be placed in a vertical or horizontal position. Diagonal placement is prohibited. An exception may be a diagonal laying in the attic, however, provided that the cable is placed parallel to the ceiling line.

Horizontal laying of hidden wiring is recommended to be done at a height of 30 centimeters from the floor level, or at a level that is 30 centimeters below the floor level. The wiring can be brought higher, however, there must be at least 15 centimeters between the ceiling and the wiring.

Useful advice: it would be better if the distance between the ceiling and the wiring hidden in the plaster or behind the drywall is 30 centimeters. This will avoid difficulties in the case of installation of a false ceiling.

As for vertical laying, there are also some limitations here. The distance from the corner of the wall, door frame or window opening to the cable should be more than 15 centimeters. If a gas pipe runs along the wall, then the wire should be located at a distance of 40 centimeters from it.

Laying with strobe

The methods of laying concealed wiring described above are related to the case when a house is being built and only the organization of all engineering systems is being carried out.

Strobes in plaster for wiring

However, there are many cases when the owners of brick houses want to replace the old wiring with their own hands. In this case, additional difficulties already arise.

They are due to the fact that all the old wiring is hidden under a layer of plaster, and in fact, new wiring will have to be laid in this layer. In order to install it, you need to make channels in which the electrical wires will be placed.

Features of drilling out the strobe depend on the thickness of the plaster layer. If this layer is thicker than the wiring that will be laid, or the tubes in which the cables will be placed, then only the plaster is shuffled.

In this case, you can say that you are lucky, because you do not have to put in much effort. However, if the thickness of the plaster layer is insufficient, then you will have to ditch the brick wall. And this is already much more difficult.

Chasing brick walls is also carried out with certain rules. So, the channel should not be wider or deeper than 25 millimeters. One gate should not be longer than three meters. Horizontal channels cannot be made on load-bearing brick walls. It is also impossible to ditch the ceilings (with the exception of the plaster on the ceiling).

In addition, the channels must be made in such a way that there is a minimum number of angles between the locations of the switch / socket and the junction box. Of course, it is better to make only one corner of the transition from horizontal to vertical strobe. Wall joints in this case are not taken into account.

Ways to create strobes

They can be done with:

hammer and chisel;
perforator or impact drill;
grinders;
wall chaser.

The most ideal option is to use a wall chaser. Thanks to him, the strobe will have the required depth and width, and will also be even.
In a brick house and any apartment, strobes are made according to the routes for laying new wiring. These routes are marked on the map.

According to the scheme, markings are drawn on the walls. It should be two parallel lines that extend from the location of the junction box to switches, sockets and fixtures.

Useful advice: before marking in places where strobes will pass, you should check for the presence of live wires. This will increase the safety of all work.

According to the markings made, the walls are shredded. This process is very noisy and a lot of dust is released during it. Therefore, for protection it is necessary to use goggles, gloves and a respirator.

If you plan to ditch the wall with a puncher, then you need to use a wide and short drill, as well as a spatula. First, having equipped the puncher with a drill, holes are made along the entire length of the strobe.

The distance between them should not exceed 15 millimeters. The hole should have a depth of 25 mm. Next, remove the drill and install the blade.

After that, the necessary pieces of the wall are chipped off. Do not place the spatula across the strobe itself. This can lead to chipping of a large part of the plaster.

If you use a grinder, then it must be equipped with a diamond blade. She saw through both edges of the strobe. Next, they take a puncher and release that part of the wall that is between the sawn lines.

It should be borne in mind that when using the grinder, a large amount of dust will be generated. This dust must be removed with a powerful vacuum cleaner. It is desirable that the vacuum cleaner pipe is held by a second person.

As for the wall chaser, it has two discs, which will cut two lines of our canal. Of course, these discs must be diamond. The wall chaser is designed in such a way that dust does not enter the room. When the strobes are ready, they are cleaned and primed.

In a similar way, places are made for placing mounting and junction boxes. They are mounted on alabaster. After that, the necessary wires are already installed.

Again, the wiring can be installed both in the strobes and put plaster on top, or it can be placed in plastic pipes. Cables or pipes are fixed with spacers, staples or alabaster. After laying the wiring, the strobes are filled with plaster.

Some features of drawing up a diagram

These are the ways of laying wiring in a brick house with your own hands. Accordingly, one of these methods must be taken into account when drawing up a scheme for laying new wiring. It is worth noting that the scheme is mandatory and must be approved by the relevant authorities.

Previously, we specified the rules for posting wiring. They should also be taken into account in the scheme. It is also worth noting that the circuit must provide for at least two separate wiring branches.

One should power the illuminated devices (for this you can use a wire with a cross section of 1.5 square millimeters), the other should supply current to the sockets (the cross section of the electrical wires must exceed 2.5 square millimeters).

There should also be separate branches for powerful consumers of electricity. Each room must have at least one junction box.

Required materials and tools

After you have drawn up and approved the wiring diagram in a brick house, you can start purchasing the necessary tools and materials.

Materials must be submitted:

electric cable;
mounting and junction boxes;
alabaster;
terminals;
staples;
metal sleeves and plastic bushings.

As for the tool, in addition to the one with which the strobes will be made, you need to take:

Hammer.
Side cutters.
Chisel.
Pliers.
Mounting knife.
Screwdrivers.
Voltage indicator.
Multimeter.

When all the materials and tools are prepared, they start laying the wiring in the brickwork using one of the methods described above.

In the event that the wiring will pass through the wall, then a hole must be made in the wall and a sleeve inserted into it. Plastic bushings are mounted on the edges of the sleeve.

At the end, connect all the wires and carry out measuring work.

Carrying out work on laying wiring in a brick house

Works on the installation of concealed wiring are carried out at the initial stage of construction of premises. This option is acceptable in residential buildings and apartments, where you need to hide a large number of wires from the eyes. You can hide them in wall strobes, under plastic panels, false ceilings, floors, in flexible sleeves and technological voids provided for by the plan.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of such wiring include: aesthetic repair, fire safety, electrical safety and long service life, due to the absence of constant mechanical stress.

One of the advantages, is at the same time a disadvantage - limited access to hidden electrical wiring. Inaccessibility in the event of a malfunction or broken wires will entail a new cosmetic repair.

You can damage the wires quite by accident, forgetting where they are located. It is not worth it once again, without knowing, to drill with a puncher to hang a picture, a mirror or a TV in your apartment. To date, there are devices that allow you to determine the location of hidden wires almost to the millimeter.

If you need to find good quality TVs in Sevastopol, you can safely say that this is not a problem. A huge catalog of equipment will help you make the right choice.

Another inconvenience of hidden wiring is that the location of sockets, lamps and switches must be thought out in advance, which means that you will have to draw up a detailed plan for placing furniture and appliances in the room, otherwise it may not be practical and poorly functional.

According to the PUE, the cross section of the wire in this way of laying must be laid larger than with an open one. If your house is wooden, it is necessary to provide protection with pipes, trays or other available means to ensure fire safety.

Cable Laying Tips and Flush Mounting Technology

Proper wiring technology involves several stages. The first one determines the method of branching cables: boxed or stub.

The first option involves laying one cable along the entire length of the living area. The connection takes place in a box, from which one wire goes to different rooms.

If you use the second type, then two wires are taken as the basis, one of which is used for sockets, and the other for lighting. Then determine the location of the lamps and boxes for switches.

When laying the cable, you need to consider a few points. Descents or ascents are carried out strictly perpendicular to the floor, the distance to doors and windows should be at least 10 cm, and to the ceiling - 15 cm, it is recommended not to allow cables to cross. Chasing load-bearing walls is prohibited, and if necessary, arrange the wiring on them, it is hidden under the plaster.

Mounting materials

Correctly selected materials will help to make high-quality wiring. The cable must be used with a copper conductor with a cross section of 2.5 mm. An aluminum core should be used for a low-power lighting network. Its cross section is 1.5 mm. VVG and PVA can be considered the optimal ratio of price and quality.

Shields, sockets and switches of various types are suitable for organizing electrical wiring. Boxes are selected based on the type of walls.

Do-it-yourself hidden wiring

How to make hidden wiring with your own hands? The answer to this question should begin with drawing up and thinking through the scheme. It will help you not only determine the course of action, but will also come in handy in the future to know where the cables will be laid.

The first step is to install a distribution meter at the cable entry into the apartment. If there is plaster in the room, then the wires can be fixed on it or laid along the walls and closed with a plinth. However, the most reliable way is laying in the furrows.

The depth of the strobe should accommodate all cables and space for plaster. Usually it is up to 10 mm. Places for sockets are cut out in the walls with a perforator.

If you want to further protect the wiring, then you should make a cable channel in the strobe and stretch the wires through the wire. In another case, they are simply attached inside with alabaster.

The wires end with sockets. At the last stage, the strobe is plastered. On the Internet you can find many examples with photographs of hidden electrical wiring that will help you in the preparation of circuits, materials and installation.

If it is possible to do wiring in the ceiling or floor, this will greatly simplify the task and labor costs. In this case, the wiring is placed in special boxes, thereby providing easy access to the cable in case of breakage.

Features of arrangement in a wooden house

Laying wires over wooden surfaces is prohibited, and therefore it is necessary to separate the cable from the flammable structure. To do this, use a metal hose or plastic pipes. The latter are short-lived and not protected from rodents.

Filling in pipes should be no more than 40 percent, and their wall thickness directly depends on the cable cross-section. For copper, with a core diameter of 4 mm - this is 2.8 mm, up to 10 mm -3.2 mm, up to 35 mm - 4 mm.

When using an aluminum core, the requirements are halved. Sockets must be placed in metal sockets. All metal elements are grounded, and shields require switches and circuit breakers.

According to fire regulations, there is at least 1 outlet for every 6 m2, if it is a kitchen, then 3;

Sockets are usually placed at a height of 1.5 m on one side throughout the apartment;
If the wiring is new, it must be connected to external communication networks. This requires the presence and permission of specialists;
It is advisable to use the same type of cables for installation - either steel or metal;
When calculating the length of cable products, the margin for sockets and switches should be taken into account.

Photo of hidden electrical wiring

The word "wiring" is familiar to everyone, but not everyone will correctly explain its meaning. For many, the concept is associated exclusively with wires. In fact, this is a whole system that includes:

insulated wires laid in the building;
unarmored cables;
their protective structures;
connecting and fastening elements.

And most importantly, this whole system called "wiring in the house" has a specific purpose - to deliver electricity from the power source and distribute it to consumers.

It's also important to understand the difference.

Electrical wiring is carried out in networks with a voltage of up to 1000 V: in buildings and structures (inside or outside), on the territories of institutions and enterprises, in yards and microdistricts, on construction sites and household plots.

Cables and wires with a voltage of more than 1000 V, laid in special channels, wells, on supports, are already power transmission lines (TL).

TYPES AND TYPES OF ELECTRICAL WIRING

By placement, electrical wiring is of two types:

internal (mounted inside rear);
external (laid along the outer walls of structures).

According to the laying method, both external and internal wiring are also classified into hidden and open.

OPEN WIRING

With open wiring, cables and wires are laid along wall surfaces, ceilings and other building elements of the building.

There are several laying methods:

free suspension;
directly on the wall surface or ceiling;
in electrical plinth;
on strings;
in platbands;
on ropes;
in trays;
on rollerskates;
on insulators;
in boxes;
in pipes.

In turn, open wiring is divided into three subspecies:

Stationary.

This is wiring that is permanently connected and cannot be disconnected without the use of a special tool.

Portable.

The contacts of such wiring are interconnected using plug-in connectors (not twisted or soldered), that is, such wiring can be disconnected at any time.

Mobile.

It is used to connect mobile mechanisms to the electrical network.

The advantages of open wiring are as follows:

1. It is easy to install. Not even the most experienced electrician, but an ordinary man who understands electricity, can do such electrical wiring in an apartment with his own hands.

2. No additional equipment is required (such as a power tool for cutting strobes).

3. The integrity of ceilings and walls during installation is minimally disturbed.

4. Wiring is available at any time for inspection or damage repair.

5. It is mobile, if you need to move the switch or socket to another place, this can be done without problems.

Disadvantages of open wiring:

1. It is unattractive and does not always fit into the interior.

2. During installation, it is necessary to take into account the technical standards and requirements of the premises (not everywhere it can be used).

3. The open laying method is the most dangerous in terms of fires. If the load exceeds the permissible one, overheating of the wiring and fire is possible, which will immediately spread to the wallpaper or decor.

HIDDEN WIRING

Hidden electrical wiring is laid inside the structural elements of the building - in ceilings and foundations, in wall surfaces, under removable floors. There are several ways to lay a cable or wire:

in pipes;
in grooves for plaster;
in a flexible metal sleeve;
in the voids of the building structure;
in channels;
in boxes;
in niches of plasterboard structures.

Now it is rare, but in Soviet times such a method as embedding conductors in a building structure during its manufacture was often used.

Advantages of concealed wiring:

1. It is not visible, does not spoil the interior of the room and does not interfere with any finishing work.

2. This laying method is characterized by a high level of electrical safety. All conductors are hidden, which means that contact with live parts and electric shock are minimized.

3. Being under a layer of plaster, hidden wiring does not have air access, as a result of which it has a high fire safety.

4. There is no solar and mechanical impact on the elements of hidden wiring, due to which its service life is increased.

Disadvantages of the hidden method of laying email. wiring:

1. It is practically impossible to repair such wiring. If a wire burns out somewhere, it will be very problematic to find the place of damage.

2. Labor-intensive installation.

3. It is necessary to immediately clearly think over the locations of sockets and switches, the ways of laying wires, since it will be difficult to change something in the future.

4. An accurate wiring diagram will be required. After all, when you need to drill a hole for attaching a picture or shelves, you need to be sure that you will not hit the wire with a drill. You can, of course, do without a circuit, but then you have to buy a special device to detect hidden wiring.

OUTDOOR WIRING

In another way, outdoor wiring is called street. It is laid outside the houses, along the walls of structures and buildings, as well as between them on special structures or supports.

Such wiring is necessary to supply voltage to lighting lamps, alarms, CCTV cameras and utility rooms (garage, workshop, shed, sauna, bathhouse, swimming pool). All this must be taken into account even at the stage of construction of buildings and structures.

External wiring in a country house is important no less than internal. In addition to the fact that it is necessary to provide sufficient lighting on the site, at any time you may need to connect a power tool in the yard (drill, grinder, lawn mower, pump). Do not pull carriers through the whole house and plot, it is better to plan places for installing 2-3 outlets when planning power supply.

The most important difference between outdoor wiring is that it is exposed to atmospheric factors - rain, snow, wind, sunlight. Therefore, it must be reliably protected from precipitation, from mechanical influences and accidental human touches to current-carrying parts.

General requirements for electrical wiring.

These requirements are equally applicable to both apartments and private houses:

1. All boxes, sockets and switches must be located in such places that they always have free access.

2. All connections and branches are made only in boxes.

4. Grounding and grounding conductors are connected only by welding.

5. Zeroing of stationary plates is carried out by separate conductors.

According to the PUE (Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations), the following are also regulated:

norms for the number of outlets per room;
distances at which sockets and switches should be placed in relation to the floor and communications;
wire laying standards (vertical and horizontal sections).

ELECTRICAL WIRING IN THE HOUSE AND APARTMENT

Apartment wiring is not as costly in terms of finances, effort and time as wiring in a private house. In multi-storey housing construction, an electrical network has already been connected to each apartment from a common switchboard to an introductory machine.

Do-it-yourself wiring in apartments is within the power of many and is carried out according to such an approximate plan:

You should start by drawing up a diagram.
Based on the scheme, it is necessary to make markings on the walls and calculate the required amount of wire, cable, switching devices and accessories.
Next comes the installation work - cutting the strobes, laying conductors in them, installing boxes, switches and sockets, and connecting all the elements.
The final stage is to check the operation of the assembled circuit.

Electrical wiring in a private house.

Wiring in a private house is also quite realistic to do with your own hands to a person who understands electricity. Just keep in mind that it is different from the apartment option, as additional requirements are imposed on it.

Power supply should be carried out from a 220 V or 380 V network, with a TN-C-S earthing system. It is forbidden to lay conductors on heated surfaces, as well as near a stove, chimney or fireplace (this rule is especially true for saunas and baths).

Of particular difficulty when laying wiring with your own hands in a private house is the installation of the input. First, you will have to go around several institutions to obtain permission and technical conditions.

There is a lot of work to be done on assembling the switchboard and laying the inlet line (digging a trench for a cable or installing a tap from an overhead power line). And only then you can proceed to the internal wiring according to the same plan as described above for the apartment version.

If you are not sure that you can mount a reliable and high-quality email. wiring in an apartment or a private house on your own in accordance with the requirements of the PUE, it is better to invite a specialist. Remember that 65% of all fires in electrical installations originate in the household electrical network.

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The site materials are for informational purposes only and cannot be used as guidelines and normative documents.

Hidden wiring in the apartment is the most common type of wiring. Hidden wiring does not violate the aesthetics of the premises, which, of course, is attractive for modern apartments. In this article, you will get acquainted with the types of hidden electrical wiring in an apartment.

Peculiarities

Hidden electrical wiring requires serious preparatory work for the preparation of furrows (strobes) in the walls of the apartment. Strobes are needed for laying wiring cables in them. Also in the walls you need to prepare niches for mounting sockets and switches. It is especially difficult to arrange passages (through holes) between rooms for laying cables if the house is concrete or the thickness of the walls in the house is very large.

For work on drilling and cutting concrete, brick, reinforced concrete, special tools and work skills are required. Inviting specialists will be a good option to speed up and simplify the work of drilling and cutting stone walls. The cost of cutting and drilling is not so high, the cost can be viewed http://arix.su/almaznye-koronki.html to save on speed, silence and safety of work.

What is concealed wiring

In simple terms, concealed wiring is any laying of cables or wires NOT visible to the eye. For example, a cable laid in a visible pipe does not apply to hidden wiring. And the cable laid in the pipe and wall refers to hidden wiring.

Regardless of what material the walls of the structures are made of, a project is drawn up for all buildings, which indicates the power supply scheme with the locations of all wiring elements:

switchboards;
distribution boxes;
Socket boxes for sockets and switches;
Places for installing lighting fixtures (chandeliers, ceiling lamps).

In addition, the power supply diagram indicates:

The power of circuit breakers on each group in the network;
wire type;
Cross section of wires;
Distances between individual wiring elements, between junction boxes, to sockets and switches. From the switchboard to the first junction box and the connection points for high-power household appliances, to which separate lines are laid (heating boilers, electric stoves, pumps, and others).

This information can be used to calculate the required length of wires of each type, taking into account the sections. The choice of wire cross-section is made according to a separate method, which requires detailed consideration, we will proceed from the data specified in the project documentation.

Marks of wires laid in the walls

The characteristics of the wires laid along the walls of various structures depend on many factors:

Functional purpose of the building;
Operating conditions of the equipment;
From the type of building materials from which the walls are built;
Requirements of the PUE and other guiding documents defining the rules for the installation of electrical installations.

Taking into account these requirements, manufacturers make various brands of wires, PPV is considered one of the most popular wires by consumers.

PPV - a wire of a flat configuration, where the cores are placed in one row, has an insulation layer on each core. The cable is intended for supplying power to socket and lighting networks, withstands voltage up to 450.

Laid in the walls in residential premises, grades with a cross section of up to 6 mm 2 are used. In standard packages, coils are wound in 100; 150; 200m, allowable operating temperature from -50 to +70 ̊С.

VVG - the wire has several models, there is a flat design, similar in appearance to PPV, with double insulation.

There are designs of round, square and triangular shape.

VVG brand cables with round cores
Number of cores and nominal cross section (mm²)	Outside Diameter (mm)		Weight of 1 km cable (kg)
Number of cores and nominal cross section (mm²)	660V	1000V	660V	1000V
2:1,5	7,5	8,1	71	80
2:2,5	8,2	9,6	95	116
3:1,5	8,1	9,4	92	116
3:2,5	9,3	10,2	136	150
4:1,5	9,2	10,1	127	142
4:2,5	10,1	11,0	171	186
4:4	11,7	13,1	243	273
4:6	13,1	14,1	325	357

Table of sizes of external diameter and weight of VVG wires

In some products, there are additives in the insulation that prevent combustion, such a wire is marked VVGng.

Cable(NYM) NUM – similar to the German wire DIN 57250, flexible, with stranded wires or solid solid wire, ideal for concealed wiring in residential walls. This is justified by the composition of non-combustible insulation with reduced emission of toxic gases. The round construction has three layers of insulation, on each wire, an intermediate layer of chalk-filled rubber and an outer, non-flammable PVC sheath.

Flat installation wire PUNP - the most common and affordable cable in retail chains. Flat form with double PVC insulation in the design can be up to 5 wires.

Council number 1. Experienced electricians do not recommend using PUNP for wiring, due to poor quality. Statistics show that 60% of fires due to poor-quality wiring occurred in networks with PUNP wire. 80% of the market is of poor quality products, many manufacturers do not comply with the technology, the discrepancy is detected in many ways:
Thickness and composition of the insulation;
Wire alloy composition;
Cross section lived;

It is safer to buy a more expensive cable and be sure of safety.

Wire Selection Criteria

First of all, it is necessary to be guided by the project, it takes into account the brand of wire and its cross section, taking into account the operating conditions of the room. In the absence of a suitable wire, its analogue or a product that is suitable in terms of technical characteristics is installed.

In most cases, PPV can be replaced with VVG; flat wires are often installed under plaster on concrete and brick walls. They adhere securely to the plane and do not require a thick layer of plaster to hide the network.

Tip # 2 For lighting networks in areas from the junction box to the chandelier or hanging lampshade, it is recommended to use a flexible stranded wire. At the point where the contacts are attached to the lighting fixture, the circuit section is movable and rigid wires can break off, flexible ones in this case last much longer.

According to the requirements of the PUE, in rooms with high humidity, wires with rubberized insulation are installed with moisture-proof properties of all elements with a degree of at least IP 54. As a rule, such wires are round in shape and punch strobes in brick or concrete walls before laying. In wooden log cabins, they are laid in a non-combustible corrugated pipe.

For operation in conditions of high humidity, wires are used:

PRHE is laid in fireproof pipes;
PRI - universal wire, can be used in dry and wet conditions.

Laying wires in plasterboard walls

The design of drywall walls provides for a large number of self-tapping screws for fastening various elements. Therefore, special attention is paid to the wiring method so as not to damage the insulation and not short out the wires.

Plasterboard sheets are attached to a pre-assembled frame of galvanized metal rails.

Diameter table of plastic corrugated pipes

External surface diameter (mm)	Inner surface diameter (mm)
16,0	10,7
20,0	14,1
25,0	18,3
32,0	24,5
40,0	31,5
50,0	39,6

For laying wires in such structures, technological holes are provided in the metal profile, the wire must be laid in non-combustible plastic corrugated pipes.

At the same time, places with sharp ends of self-tapping screws are bent around; before fixing drywall sheets, on the other side of the frame, a cable passage zone is marked, into which the fastening elements are not screwed.

To install socket boxes and junction boxes, holes of the appropriate diameter are drilled with an electric drill with drywall crowns. Plastic socket boxes have a special design with slats that press the case against the wall plane from the inside. To do this, tighten the clamping screws clockwise until they stop. The wires are brought into the technological holes of the socket boxes 15-20 cm to the outside for cutting and connecting sockets and switches.

In the same way, wires are laid and socket boxes are fastened in walls made of plywood, chipboard and OSB, in any structures with a hollow interior. To drill holes in wooden sheets, appropriate crowns and other elements are used.

Laying wires on brick and concrete walls without chasing

In these cases, it is very convenient to use flat-shaped wires. According to pre-marked routes, the wire is attached to the walls with plastic brackets with high-strength nails or plastic dowels with clamps. Previously, fasteners were carried out with tin plates, which were screwed to the wall with self-tapping screws on a plastic dowel or simply shot at the wall with a construction gun.

For socket boxes and junction boxes, holes are drilled with a hammer drill with special crowns for concrete. The body of the socket box is inserted into the hole and attached to the gypsum mortar, before that, wires are inserted into the side technological holes.

Tip #3 It is recommended to drill the holes for the sockets after the wall surface with the wiring lines has been plastered. This technique will ensure that the upper face of the socket glass is flush with the wall surface.

If you install the socket earlier, it will be difficult to achieve a clear level match, and differences lead to problems when installing sockets. With a deeply recessed socket, the bolts for fastening the front panel of the socket may not reach the threads on the housing. With a protruding glass of the socket, there will be a gap between the wall and the front panel.

Distribution boxes and socket boxes are manufactured according to certain standards. The diameter and depth is selected depending on the size of the switches and sockets; for junction boxes, the number of wires that are brought into it is taken into account. With a large number of wires with a large cross section and an outer diameter of a cable of a round design, it is recommended to make strobes in the walls.

Laying strobes in concrete and brick walls

The strobes are punched with a depth of 1-2 cm with a perforator in shock mode with a nozzle, in the form of a chisel. Closer to the sockets and junction boxes, the strobes are made a little deeper up to 3 cm, so that the wires freely enter the technological holes of the glass of the socket boxes.

Outer diameter and weight of cable (KG)

cross section	Diameter (mm)	Weight of 1 km cable (kg)
1:16	12.3	288
1:25	15.3	460
1:35	16.5	568
1:50	19.0	778
1:70	21.8	1094
2:1,5	11.2	172
2:2,5	12.7	224
3:1,5	11.8	201
3:2,5	13.4	268
3:1,5+1,5	12.7	223
3x2.5+1.5	15,5	350
3x4+2.5	16,8	437
3х6+4	18,5	641

The width of the strobe is made taking into account the number and size of wires laid in this area.

The wires are attached in the same way as when laying without strobes. After laying the wires, they are covered with a layer of plaster.

In assembly organizations, where chasing is carried out in large volumes, industrial-made chasing cutters are used. This tool provides for adjusting the depth and width of the chasing, some models provide for dust removal with a vacuum cleaner. The performance of wall chasers is much higher than when working with a conventional puncher, the channels are more even, but the price is high, it is not advisable to use it for one-time work.

Tools and nozzles used when laying wires in walls

Strobes and holes for socket boxes can be punched with an ordinary hammer and chisel, but in the 21st century, this is done only with small volumes in the absence of power tools or from scudaumia, for sporting interest.

Perforator is a versatile tool. It can be used as a drill for drilling wood and drywall, in perforation mode, you can drill concrete and brick walls, punch strobes.

Drills with speed control is used for drilling only wooden and plasterboard surfaces, as a screwdriver with the appropriate nozzles. The speed is set depending on the material being processed, for wood it is more for metal it is less.

Nozzles for drills and hammers are very diverse in design and purpose:

Ordinary drills for wood, metal, with diamond tips for drilling concrete and brick;
Crowns for drilling wooden and plasterboard sheets;

Crowns with tungsten, diamond and victorious teeth, for drilling brick and concrete walls;

Tungsten-coated titanium square bits for driving self-tapping screws.

Tip #4 When buying square bits, do not save money by buying cheap Chinese metal products, they wear out quickly.

Errors when laying wires in the walls

When laying wires in concrete or brick walls without strewing, they forget to make a short strobe near junction boxes or socket boxes. This is necessary so that the wires freely enter the technological holes in the bottom of the glass.

If you lead the wire through the top or make a hole in the top, there is a risk of a short circuit or breakage. When installing the outlet, its body will tear the insulation or pass the wire;

It is not necessary to install wires on lighting and socket groups with a larger cross section than indicated in the project, usually 2.5mm 2. With a cross section of 4-6mm 2, it is difficult to place the cores in the contact group of a socket or switch, especially when the alloy is hard and elastic. Sometimes in such cases, under the elasticity of the wires, the contact groups break, the ceramic or plastic case bursts.
In order not to be mistaken in the width and depth of the strobe in a separate section, add up the width of all the wires that are laid there and make 1 cm more with a margin.
When drilling with a drywall drill bit, do not forget to turn off the perforation mode, otherwise the sheet may simply break in this place.

FAQ

In the areas between the junction boxes, the width of the strobe is 10 - 12 cm, I cut through the borders with a grinder with a disk on concrete, but it is still difficult to knock out the middle part manually. How to speed up the process?

Cut another line in the center and punch it out with a chisel punch, it will be faster and easier.

What wire and switches should be installed in the steam room?

Moisture-resistant with rubber insulation NUM or PRI, switches and ceiling lights with a degree of protection not lower than IP-54;

Can flat PPV wire be laid in the bathroom under a layer of plaster and tiles?

It is practically possible and even everything will work, but in order to ensure your own safety and comply with the requirements of the PUE, it is better to lay a NUM or other moisture-resistant cable;

The electric stove is powered by a copper wire with a cross section of 6 mm 2, the main wire between the junction boxes in the socket group is 4 mm 2. Can I put a 6 mm 2 wire between the boxes and power the electric stove from the nearest box so as not to pull a separate line?

No, PUE is strictly prohibited, powerful heating devices, electric stoves, heating boilers must be powered from separate lines, through separate machines in the switchboard. In addition, in the option you propose, in addition to the stove, the line will be loaded from devices connected to sockets. This may exceed the rated capacity and cause a short circuit and fire.