How to make a lyada in the basement under the tiles. Cellar hatch - several design options. Options for finished products: features of operation and installation

The technology for creating a hidden floor hatch includes several stages: the selection and acquisition of materials, preparation of tools, drawing up a drawing and directly - the construction of a structure. The basic requirements for the arrangement of the Lyada and the step-by-step progress of the work are described in the article.

Requirements for hidden hatches in the cellar

The presence of a basement in the country or in a private house has a number of undeniable advantages. The utility room expands the usable area and provides a warm, dry floor covering on the ground floor. The disadvantage of a cellar is an increase in construction costs. Sometimes the cost of building a basement reaches ¼ of the total estimate for the construction of the whole house. Some try to save money by doing some of the work on their own.

Basement arrangement implies the organization of a separate or built-in entrance. It can be a regular door or a lada (hatch in the field). If the basement is located in a residential building, then a hidden hatch is placed. To do the work yourself, you need to think over everything in advance, taking into account the basic requirements for hidden structures of this type.

The dimensions of the hatch are selected in accordance with the room and the main purpose of the cellar. The minimum dimensions are 75 * 75 cm.
It is better to choose the location of the lyada not next to the wall. The door should swing open without any difficulty. It is important that the open lid does not touch objects on the floor or furniture.
The cellar must be equipped with a simple and convenient opening mechanism.
If the door weighs more than 10 kg, it is advisable to equip the hatch with an electric drive.
The dimensions of the hatch must fully correspond to the basement shaft, and the joints must be sealed.
Care should be taken to provide reliable support around the perimeter of the hatch. During the day, the lid will be stepped on many times, and it must support the weight of all household members.
It is desirable to equip the floor hatch with a smooth opening / closing system (gas lift). If there are animals and children in the house, then a locking device will be needed to restrict access to the basement.
The cover material is selected in accordance with the existing or proposed floor finish. For example, if a wood board or laminate is laid, then the cover is mounted from wood.

Options for finished products: features of operation and installation

It is easier to choose a ready-made hatch structure, and install it yourself. There are models of different sizes and types on the market. It will turn out to find an option that is optimal for laminate, tile or linoleum. Depending on the method of opening the door to the basement, there are three types:

If the floor is tiled, laminate or other finishing material, then to create a hidden hatch into the basement with your own hands, you need to choose filled aluminum or steel structures. Such an instance is a shallow rectangular container. After installation, the frame is filled with concrete, after complete drying, the surface is revetted.

Important! The concrete hatch is heavy and therefore requires the use of massive hinges and strong fasteners. A well-designed steel structure is capable of withstanding a weight over 1 ton.

The choice of materials for making a hidden hatch with your own hands

For the implementation of the project, you can use wood or metal. In this matter, it is important to maintain a reasonable balance between the weight of the structure and its strength. When creating a hatch made of wood, boards with a thickness of 2.5 mm are often used. The top trim of the cover is made with 1 cm plywood. With the help of transverse slats, the boards are connected to each other, forming a solid canvas. To extend the service life, the wooden door must be treated with linseed oil.

The construction of a durable metal hatch is made of steel sheets 3-4 mm thick. Polystyrene or foamed polystyrene foam is used as a heater.

An important aspect of the convenient use of the cellar hatch is the correctly selected handle and hinges. An ordinary doorknob will not work for these purposes, as it will rise above the floor level and cause inconvenience when walking. It is best to use fold-down handles that can be lowered or raised easily. If there are small children in the house, then it is advisable to install removable models. Some craftsmen often cut out recesses in wooden hatches and place secret handles in them.

When making hinged lids, you will need hinges. This can be from conventional models of door hinges or from the hood of a car. When installing hinges for hidden hatches with your own hands, you need to take into account some of the nuances:

it is better to use products with springs - this will ensure easier opening of heavy covers;
hinges from the car fix the hatch in the open position, which eliminates the possibility of the cellar door slamming.

Important! For a hidden hatch, you need to take mortise hinges. If the mounted models are tiled from above with a laminate or tile, then subsequently such a structure cannot be repaired.

Ordinary hinges are not suitable for aluminum or steel covers. Here it is necessary to use gas shock absorbers.

Create a hidden metal structure

To make metal hidden inspection hatches with your own hands, you will need the following materials and tools:

sheet metal (steel) with a thickness of 3-4 mm and 1 mm;
metal corner - 4-5 cm;
door hinges;
thermal insulation material;
rubber compressor;
primer for metal processing;
bulgarian;
welding machine, electrodes;
grinder;
screwdriver;
electric drill;
self-tapping screws.

The assembly diagram of the metal hatch is presented below.

General order of work execution:

Preparation and insulation of the hatch:
- cut out the required sheet from steel 3-4 mm, for example 75 * 75 cm;
- weld a corner from the inside along the perimeter of the sheet;
- weld the stiffeners by dividing the hatch area into 4 sectors;
- clean weld seams;
- place a heater between the jumpers;
- on the back of the cover, attach a thin sheet steel and fix it with self-tapping screws to the corners.
Installation of the cellar opening frame:
- cut the steel corner according to the dimensions of the hatch hole;
- weld a quadrangular frame from the corners;
- fix the frame to concrete with anchors;
- finish the end of the frame with a seal.
Door fixing:
- weld reinforced hinges to the metal frame;
- weld the counterparts to the lid;
- install gas closers;
- fix the cover;
- cover steel parts with linseed oil.

Metal floor hatch in the garage: video.

How to make a hidden hatch for a tile with your own hands

Drawing development

It is necessary to develop a sketch of the future structure in advance. The hidden floor hatch (drawing by hand) should schematically display the main parameters of the structure:

box dimensions (length, width);
the thickness of the opening and the frame used;
placement of hinges on the cover and hatch opening.

Diy hidden hatch for tiles: drawings

Arrangement of floor screed

The first step is to take care of the evenness of the floor, in which the hidden hatch will be placed. The entire alignment process is carried out in several stages:

Determine the level of the finished floor covering. It is necessary to provide for the thickness of the tiles (about 8 mm) and glue (4 mm).
Prepare the grout and set the beacon profiles.
Flange the opening, leaving about 10 cm around the perimeter as a support under the hatch cover.
Make a floor screed according to standard technology.

Tiling

After the concrete solution has completely hardened, it is necessary to try on the hatch by attaching it to the opening. At this stage, it is advisable to perform a preliminary layout of the tiles. Tiling starts from the corner of the wall, located in the most conspicuous place. Trimming and laying of tile material when finishing a niche is carried out only after the final installation of the hatch frame.

Before installing the frame, the location of the hatch should look approximately like this.

Frame and slope finishing

The opening ends are decorated in the following order:

Place the frame on the niche and level it.
Fill the gaps between the screed and the metal frame with cement mortar (it is necessary to use M500 grade composition).
Allow the solution to harden completely.
Trim the tiles and tile the remaining area around the opening.
Align the slopes of the niche - install the beacons and "pull out" with cement mortar.
Tile the slopes using CM-11 glue.
Until the adhesive dries, it is better to fix the tiles with ordinary tape.
Install dividing crosses.

Cover assembly

For the manufacture of a hidden hatch for a tile with their own hands, a galvanized steel case with couplings for installing handles is used. Fittings are placed in a metal box, the frame is filled with concrete, and the tiles are laid on top flush with the ends of the lid.

Finishing involves grouting the tile joints and installing removable handles.

Do-it-yourself hidden hatch for tiles: video.

Electric access hatch: installation features

To facilitate the lifting of the heavy hatch door and protect the basement from the penetration of thieves, the hatch can be equipped with automatic equipment. The easiest way is to build a folding mechanism. To make it, you need to prepare:

electric motor;
duralumin pipe;
steel sheet;
steel rods;
bulgarian;
welding machine;
toggle switch (switch) for 3 positions;
the presence of a current source.

The mechanism is mounted on a ready-made hinged cover, the opening angle of the hatch will be less than 90 °. The principle of operation is as follows: a signal from the remote control is sent to the electric motor, driving the shaft. The rod rises by 80 ° and the device locks the hatch open. The second toggle switch gives an impulse through the control panel and starts reverse thrust on the motor. The rod goes down and pulls the door behind it.

A hidden hatch is a practical option for arranging a basement entrance. The cover and lifting mechanism must be safe and easy to use. It will be possible to create a hatch with your own hands, without the involvement of expensive equipment and the help of professionals.

strport.ru

Almost every owner of his own house equips a cellar in his home - a place where you can store canned food, products from the garden, seasonal things. In a properly equipped cellar, due to its proximity to the ground, a low temperature and a certain humidity are always maintained. The entrance to the cellar, located on the floor, often leads from the kitchen or the hallway of the house.

DIY cellar hatch

You need to know how to properly make an entrance hatch to the "bins" in order to avoid heat loss and not disturb the interior of the floor of the room. It is also important to think over a system of stoppers or shock absorbers that will prevent the hatch from closing spontaneously at the moment when a person descends into the cellar.

A good hatch won't slam over your head thanks to shock absorbers

Important points

If the construction of a house is in full swing and the location of the hatch in the basement or cellar is still under development, it is worth considering the following nuances.

The entrance should be located in a convenient location, not next to a wall. This is necessary so that the hatch opens without any interference.
If you plan to enter the cellar in the kitchen, it is important to place the entrance where there will be no furniture, for example, a dining table. It is important that the raised lid does not hit the kitchen unit or other items.
The design of the hatch cover must be reinforced and withstand the weight of a person, if, for example, the entrance to the cellar leaves the corridor.
The dimensions of the entrance to the cellar. They must be "fitted" to the size of the owners. This is necessary in order to easily go down to the basement and get the necessary things and products from it.

Wooden cellar hatch

Wooden cellar hatch

A wooden hatch is made if a wooden board is laid on the floor. This will visually hide the entrance to the underground and lighten the weight of the entire structure.

The following tools are required to make a hatch from wood.

Saw.
A hammer.
Screwdriver.
Brush.

You also need to prepare the necessary materials.

Top deck boards.
Reiki for lathing.
Beams for supports
Plywood.
Drying oil.
Nails.
Screws.
Chalk or pencil.
Insulation.
Hinges and gas shock absorber.
A pen.

How to make a hatch into a cellar

If the hole in the cellar has dimensions of 80 by 80 cm, then the lid should be made slightly smaller so that it fits freely to the floor. The gaps between the floor and the hatch cover should be no more than 4-5 mm.

The height of the hatch must match the dimensions of the finish and rough cover. For this, the hatch is made multi-layer. The first layer is plywood, on which slats are stuffed in the form of a crate. Insulation (second layer) is placed between these slats to prevent drafts. A board is mounted on top of the slats (finishing layer).

Floor hatch

It is advisable to select material that matches the width and thickness of the board laid on the floor. It is also recommended to nail the top boards of the hatch parallel to the floorboard so that the cover does not stand out too much on the floor.

Floor hatch opening mechanism

The construction of such an insulated wooden hatch is not too heavy; you can equip it with ordinary hinges attached from the basement side. But experts recommend equipping the hatch with gas closers that simplify the lifting of the structure.

Hatch handle

A special handle is attached to the front surface of the hatch, which fits on the floor and does not protrude.

Video - A hatch into the cellar made of wood on door closers

Metal hatch to the cellar

Metal structures are more reliable and sturdy than wooden hatches. But making such a cover is much more difficult.

To make a metal hatch, you need the following tools.

Angle grinder with cutting disc for metal.
Welding machine.
Screwdriver.
Roulette.

You should also stock up on material.

Sheet steel, 3 mm and 1 mm thick.
Steel corner 3-4 mm.
Hinges.
Gas closer.
Anchors
Styrofoam or other insulation material.
Rubber seals.
Primer.

For the manufacture of the cover, it is required to cut out the sheet of the required size from steel, for example, 80 by 80 cm. Experts recommend using a material of at least 3 mm in thickness.

A corner is welded onto the steel along the perimeter from the inside. It is also recommended to weld stiffeners from the same corner, between which to place insulation. It turns out that the area of \u200b\u200bthe hatch cover is divided into 4 sectors. It is advisable to carry out all welding work carefully, it is advisable to clean the seams.

The insulation should not be wider than the corner. On top of the insulating material, thin sheet steel or tin is overlapped, bent with blows with a mallet and fixed to the corners with self-tapping screws.

The hatch is ready.

Cellar hatch

The next stage is the installation of the frame of the entrance to the cellar. For this, the steel corner is cut into fragments corresponding to the size of the hatch hole. The corners are welded together and attached to the concrete with anchors. One side of the frame is a support for the metal hatch. A seal is attached to the protruding edge of the frame, which will reduce heat losses and protect the hatch from friction and impacts on the edges of the frame.

The cover is attached to the metal frame using special reinforced hinges that support the weight of the structure. To make the hatch easy to open, it is recommended to equip it with gas closers. All metal steel parts of the hatch structure are recommended to be treated with linseed oil to avoid corrosion.

If the hatch is mounted during the construction of a house, then you can hide the entrance to the underground when finishing the floor.

Video - Metal hatch floor laminate

Cellar hatch for tiles

Cellar hatch

Tiles are ideal materials for the kitchen. Many housewives prefer this particular type of flooring, especially since it is not too difficult to arrange a hatch into the basement in the same style as the flooring.

This requires the following materials:

steel corner;
steel sheet 3 mm minimum;
fittings with a cross section of 3-4 mm;
solution;
tile.

Tools are needed the same as in the manufacture of a conventional metal hatch.

Cellar hatch for tiles

Unlike a conventional metal hatch, the tile cover is made in a slightly different way. A workpiece corresponding to the size of the hatch is cut from sheet steel. This will be the bottom. A corner is welded along the perimeter of the workpiece, forming the sides. Inside the sides, reinforcement is welded to form cells.

The frame for the entrance to the cellar is welded from steel corners and embedded in concrete to the width of the lid. The structure is connected using reinforced hinges. For safety, you can equip the cover with a gas shock absorber.

After the design is ready, you can start decorating it. The solution is mixed on which the tiles will be laid. The solution is poured into the manhole cover, hiding the reinforcing mesh. Tiles are laid on top.

It is important to lay the material on the hatch so that it matches the seams with the tiles laid on the floor.

Revision hatches for invisible tiles

Video - DIY cellar hatch (metal)

svoimi-rykami.ru

Do-it-yourself basement hatch

Everyone would like to have a basement under the floor in the house. You can talk about the pros for a long time. Firstly, it is also an additional room that has practically constant temperature and humidity throughout the year, regardless of the season. Allows you to use yourself as a vegetable store, as a warehouse, a workshop, etc.

And in this regard, it is important to equip the entrance to the basement with an aesthetic and reliable hatch.

Manhole requirements

1. Convenience of opening and closing; 2. Presentable look;

3. Reliability.

Ease of opening

It is very important that when opening the hatch it opens effortlessly, and when it is closed, the hatch cover does not fall with all its might, trying to repulse any limb, but closes smoothly. Also, reliable fixation of the hatch cover is equally important. The possibility of being closed, and even worse - getting a lid on the head, will not please anyone.

Presentable view

An aesthetic and presentable look is the most important requirement. No one wants to spoil the look of a hallway or kitchen. Hence the desire to disguise or, in extreme cases, make it outwardly attractive.

Reliability

The most important requirement. To a greater extent, it should be attributed to accessories. Reliable hinges, shock absorbers, shut-off valves will determine the reliability and durability of the structure.

There are several types of hatches

1.
The easiest and cheapest option is a removable sunroof. The cover is made as a separate element: it simply rises and is placed close to the opening. 2. The swing door is made as a door only in the floor. Has two or more hinges on one side, a handle and a lock on the other. 3. Sliding: this type is little used indoors due to the need to install special guides. The principle of operation of such a hatch is to move the cover along the guides.

Most often, wood or metal (steel, less often aluminum) is used for the manufacture of hatches, or they are combined. Different types of caps are used for different coatings. For example, for covering with tiles, so-called pouring lids are used. This is a cover in the form of a box, into which a screed is poured and tiles are glued on top. Also on such a cover you can
lay the laminate. It turns out a hidden hatch - it is very difficult to see it.

The disadvantage of this design is the hatch weight, which can reach tens of kilograms. For ease, a gas shock absorber for opening and closing is installed on such a hatch. Reliable fasteners are required, massive hinges and solid fastening in the opening, which leads to a rise in cost.

The advantages include reliability and solidity of the design. Due to the mass, it does not dangle or creak when walking on it. A solid fastening in the opening is also required. The lid locking mechanism in this design is simply vital. The handle is usually removable, you can use a regular eyebolt. Various sealing materials are used for sealing.

Making a basement hatch with your own hands

A basement hatch can also be made with your own hands, for example, a wooden one. For the frame, use bars 100 x 50 mm or thicker, depending on the load. The cover is made of boards of 30-40 mm from above the boards are glued GVL on the top of which the floor covering is laid. If it is necessary to install a hidden hatch, it must be lowered to the thickness of the floor covering. Hinges for this will require mortise. You can also make a hatch from metal with your own hands.

This requires skills in working with a grinder and a welding machine.

From materials you will need:

Necessary equipment:

Welding machine
Bulgarian
Screwdriver or electric drill
Roulette

First, a frame is assembled from corners or a square pipe, after which a cover is made. The lid can be made of either metal or wood. If the structure turns out to be heavy, then the installation of gas shock absorbers is necessary. For those who want to restrict access to the basement for strangers, we recommend installing an electric drive. The electric actuator is activated by giving a signal to open and close from the remote control.

domsdelat.ru

Do-it-yourself basement hatch: electric constructions, the usual version and products with a retractable mechanism

There are two main options for constructing a basement entrance - a door and a hatch. Each of them is suitable for a specific room. If we are talking about a basement, the entrance to which is located inside the house, most owners prefer a hatch.

Making it yourself is easy and pretty quick.

In the photo - a steel cover in the basement

Why do we need a basement under the house

Before proceeding with its installation, let's decide for ourselves, do we really need a basement in the house? Will he be able to solve the tasks assigned to him and will he not be a heavy burden for us.

A basement is a room whose floor is located below the ground level of the construction site by more than half the height of its walls. Otherwise, it will be the basement.

What affects the basement device

Hydrogeological conditions;
Soil type. For example, excavation work on rocky soil will be very expensive, since it is impossible to do without special equipment;
Ground water level. When this indicator exceeds the depth of the foundation, you will have to purchase expensive waterproofing.

Do-it-yourself inconspicuous hatch into the basement under the tiles

Benefits

Creates an additional useful area in the house, which can be used for storing things, preservation and food. Often, a workshop, a room for utilities, a wine cellar and others are located here.
Having arranged a basement under the main house, you no longer need to think about building an additional utility room on the territory, thereby keeping such expensive square meters of the site untouched by construction.
The basement allows you to always have a warm and dry floor on the first floor.
The owners get additional comfort, since they do not need to run to the annexe for groceries in bad weather, they can just go downstairs and take everything they need.

disadvantages

The only thing that can affect the decision of the basement device is its price. It can reach a quarter of all costs for a private house, which is a lot. This is due to expensive land work, for which you will have to hire special equipment.

You can do everything with your own hands, but this will require a lot of effort and time. In addition, a thorough arrangement of the premises will be required, which includes waterproofing, interior decoration and the placement of the necessary shelves.

Basement entrance cover

This element not only closes the entrance, but also forms part of the floor, harmoniously combining with the surrounding surfaces. In addition, it must open easily and close tightly without effort. Below we will talk about how to make a basement hatch in different ways. (See also the article Features of basement stairs.)

Manhole scheme

Prepare materials and tools:

sheet steel - at least 3-5 mm thick, otherwise it may collapse;
metal corner;
tin;
welding machine;
dense rubber;
expanded polystyrene;
screwdriver;
self-tapping screws;
roulette.

The hatch cover to the basement must be made strictly according to the size of the shaft so that it fits exactly back to back when closed. To do this, use a rubber seal that will protect the basement from air entering it, which can lead to an increase in temperature.
From above, it can be covered with the floor covering used in the room, or left as it is, having previously painted with paint to protect it from rust. Weld a corner to the bottom of the steel plate around the perimeter, providing additional rigidity to the structure.

Tip: Leave room for free play so that the lid fits snugly in place.

Lay insulation on the inside of the lid. For this, use foam, which is cut in such a way that it butts up to the inside of the corner.
Close the lid with a sheet of tin, bend it on the sides and fix it with self-tapping screws or screws.
Attach the basement hatch to the outer hinges. There is also an electric version of the lid closing-opening mechanism.

Cover on gas stops

Electric drive

Unlike the previous version, when anyone can open the hatch, this design turns the basement into a safe. Unwanted visitors will not be able to get there at any desire. The design depends on how the drawings of the hatch to the basement are drawn up with their own hands, the skill of the performer and the financial capabilities of the customer.

Simple electric drive for basement cover

The usual option

Prepare:

electric motor;
duralumin pipes;
sheet steel;
grinder with a circle for cutting metal;
welding machine;
electrical cable;
three-position toggle switch;
current source.

This option is considered the simplest, therefore it is used not for special protection of the cellar, but to simplify interaction with the hatch. The mechanism is installed directly on the hinged cover.

Tip: never set the sunroof to 90 °, leave room for free return.

The operation of the structure is quite simple - you send a signal from the remote control to the electric motor, it starts to rotate and set the mechanism in motion. The cover rises upward thanks to the rod to an angle of 80 °, where it is locked by the automation.

You can close the hatch by pressing the second toggle switch on the remote control, which turns on the reverse rotation of the electric motor shaft and returns the rod to its place. You can hide the moving elements behind light duralumin pipes or steel boxes. Even a beginner in this business can assemble the mechanism quite quickly.

Retractable mechanism

The instructions below will show you the basic steps. By doing it, you can save on materials.

Prepare:

sheet steel 5 mm thick;
metal rollers with rubber rolling;
steel rods;
two electric motors;
three-position toggle switch;
electrical cable;
current source.

This design is more complicated than the previous version, but it will reliably protect the cellar from outside interference. The entire system, together with the hatch, is placed under the floor, but the movable hatch must occupy an area larger than the entrance to the basement shaft. (See also How to make a basement staircase with your own hands.)

Basement cover drawing

Secure the steel sheet to metal rollers that will be driven by electric motors, as one cannot complete the task.

The horizontally moving cover has no hinges and cannot be opened by hand pressing, as most electric motors have a built-in freewheel lock.

Output

The use of a hatch in the basement makes it easier to access and can be used longer than the door. The use of electric motors makes the cellar inaccessible to unauthorized persons. In the video presented in this article, you will find additional information on this topic.

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Page 2

It is rare to find the construction of a private house without a cellar. It is in the cellars that a variety of products are stored, which the owners have grown on their own land, and they gladly treat their neighbors in cold weather.

The hostesses also store in the cellars the pickles and other rolls made with their own hands, which are the most important delicacy on the table in winter. But the presence of a cellar also presupposes the presence of a hatch leading into it. If you do not want to spend extra money, you will have to tinker the cellar hatch with your own hands.

In such a cellar, everything is always at hand

Preparatory activities

Before starting work, you should pay attention to the following points:

Choose the most suitable location for the hatch and determine its size. The parameters of the basement hatch should correspond to the build of the owners of the house. In any case, you should not make the hatch less than 750/750 mm, because otherwise it will be quite difficult to get out with food from the cellar.
Take care of the presence of supports on which your new hatch will fall. Ideally, there should be four such supports.
Consider also such a parameter as the weight of the product. Not all households will be able to open the heavy hatch cover. The strength of a woman or child may not be enough to hold her.

In the photo - the hatch to the wine cellar

Note! The light weight of the cover should not affect its strength in any way.

In order to build both a strong and not heavy cover, you should use materials such as:

A layer of wood, at least 2.5 cm thick.
Plywood sheet with a thickness of at least 1 cm.

Tip: For greater structural reliability, all boards should be thoroughly saturated with linseed oil.

Manhole construction

The price of a basement hatch becomes much lower if you build it yourself.

Materials and tools

In order to build a hatch into the cellar with your own hands, you will need:

A hammer;
Nails;
Saw;
Ruler or tape measure;
Screwdriver;
Screws;
Pencil;
Drying oil;
Plywood;
Reiki;
Boards.

Diagram of the hatch in the cellar

In order to make the lid look more pleasant from the outside, cover it with linoleum. Before fixing the linoleum, be sure to let it rest well. You need to fix the linoleum around the perimeter of the entire hatch cover using aluminum corners. This option for the outer finish of the lid is quite practical and reliable.

A pen

An important element of the hatch design is the handle, which should ensure the convenience of opening and closing the lid. If you screw an ordinary doorknob to the basement lid, even if it is very beautiful, it will be inconvenient. Your household, no doubt, will constantly stumble over the handle sticking out of the floor.

In the photo - a manhole cover with a recessed handle

There are some very suitable designs called folding handles. With the correct installation of such a handle, as the instructions say, it will not interfere at all. And if necessary, it will be easy to raise and lower.

For convenience, you can provide a removable handle. This design is especially suitable for families with small children. After all, the basement is far from a place to play.

Hinges

If you want the cover of the hatch leading to the basement not only to be removed, but to be able to open and close, then you should provide hinges. Absolutely any hinges can be used, even old hinges from the hood of a Soviet car will be quite suitable material.

When installing your sunroof cover onto car hinges, you will have the following benefits:

Easy opening. The car hinges are spring-loaded, making it easy to open even heavy covers.
Fixed position. The lid will remain open until you close it yourself. This eliminates the possibility of slamming the hatch under its own weight.

Furniture hinges for the hatch in the cellar

Installation of such hinges is carried out only when the springs are removed. To begin with, the hinges are installed from the bottom. After installation, the hatch opens completely, and the hinges slide into place on their own.

Cellar cover installation

Installation of the cellar cover is carried out as follows:

We make markup. To do this, put the finished hatch shell on the floor in the right place and circle it with a marker;
Using a perforator, we make a hole in the overlap 3 cm smaller than the markings made on the overlap;
Using a perforator, we make a neat concrete ledge so that the lid holder fits flush into the ceiling;
If the construction of the hatch provides for the installation of anchors, we install the anchor;
We cover the gaps between the clip and the overlap with cement mortar from the inside and outside of the cellar.

Note! If the hatch is installed after the floor has been laid, it should be disassembled around the planned opening.

Sealing and insulation of the cellar

In order to seal the hatch and isolate it from noise and moisture, you will need a heater. As a heater of this kind, you can use an ordinary door heater, the price of which is low. But an ordinary felt tape may also work.

In any case, the use of insulation can save you from such unpleasant moments as:

How to choose an electric underfloor heating under the tiles

When building a house, the owner of the suburban area plans to equip a convenient place for storing vegetables. Wherever the structure is built - under a house, garage or shed, it should be carefully sealed. The cover for the cellar is also important. It must ensure that an optimal indoor climate is maintained. This will keep the vegetables fresh for a long time.

Construction features

When the cover is only in the project, an accurate drawing should be drawn up. Also, when planning a future structure, you will need to take into account the following factors:

The access door to the cellar should be equipped at a certain distance from the cellar wall. This will allow the door to open freely.
The dimensions of the inlet should be selected in accordance with the complexion of the owners.
When constructing a cellar under the kitchen, it is necessary to place a hatch in a place where there will be no kitchen set. In this case, it is important that the lid when open does not come into contact with various furniture.
The door should be as strong as possible so that an adult can walk freely on it. It is also important to leave a margin of safety.

If all the tips below are translated into reality, visiting the cellar will be much more comfortable. At the same time, the basement will last long enough, and the workpieces that are stored in it will always be usable.

Preparation and materials

To figure out how to make a cover for a cellar in your home, you should choose its location. As soon as the place is determined, you can start arranging the entrance to the cellar. For this, tools for working with wood are prepared (if the floor is wooden). Then you can proceed directly to the door. It consists of a frame and cladding material. Does not fit to insulate the door with special materials.

The optimal size of the manhole in the cellar is 75x75 cm. The size of 0.6x0.8 m is also often found. In addition, a comfortable handle should be created for the door. If it is also secret, household members will not stumble over it while moving. The entrance is equipped with support beams on which the hatch will rest after closing.

The cover for the cellar is made of various materials - depending on the condition of the floor and the expected load on the cover. A common option is plywood plywood bars. You can also use boards that are equal in thickness to the floorboards. Sometimes tiles are used to finish the lid. Metal is also one of the common options. Everyone can build a cover in the cellar with their own hands according to the instructions.

DIY lid

A wooden cover is usually erected in the case of a plank floor. This material perfectly masks the entrance to the underground space, and also looks quite attractive. In addition, the mass of such a structure is much less than that of a metal one. In the course of work, a saw, a hammer and a screwdriver are used. You will need a brush to process the finished lid.

Necessary materials:

boards - they must be prepared for the outer shield of the cover;
nails, screws;
drying oil;
slats - will be needed when creating a crate;
plywood;
a pen;
hinges, shock absorber for the cover.

The gap between the edges of the door and the floor must be 5 mm. In this case, the lid to the cellar will be easy to open, as well as fit perfectly to the support bars.

To create a door, you need to follow these steps:

we prepare 4 bars for the cover support;
we saw the floorboards according to the size of the hatch.
cut a 79x79 cm square out of plywood. The 1 cm left on each side will form a gap.
to build the inside of the cover, slats are cut for the crate.
before connecting all the structural elements, they must be treated with linseed oil.

The cover is made with a height equal to the thickness of the floor. For this reason, the construction is created in layers. The plywood is attached to the battens. Heat-insulating material will fit on it. Then comes the finishing layer of boards. The top coat should be of the same thickness as the flooring.

Metal cover

Covers made of metal are more durable than wooden structures. Typically, these covers are installed to close the garage cellar. The outside of the cover is covered with a steel sheet. Before making a metal hatch cover for the cellar, prepare:

steel sheets having a thickness of 3 mm;
metal corner;
strong hinges;
primer;
special anchors;
seals that will prevent air exchange between the upper room and the cellar;
knife, tape measure, welding machine;
styrofoam or similar insulation material.

Making the lid itself is not difficult. The work is divided into several simple steps:

We prepare a metal sheet by cutting it to dimensions 79x79 cm.
We weld a corner along the edges of the cut sheet. Stiffeners should also be fixed on the sheet, which will prevent deformation of the sheet.
We carry out insulation of the lid with foam.
Lay sheet steel on top. We bend its edges, fasten it to the screws.

It remains to install the cover. The frames are mounted first. The individual elements of the corner are welded to each other. We attach the resulting frame to concrete anchors. One of 4 is selected as the support side. The edges of the stroke that will protrude should be equipped with spacers. This will protect them from mechanical damage, and the cellar from penetrating warm air.

The steel cover can also be successfully used as a hatch to the cellar from the living quarters. In this case, the finishing layer can be made of plywood. This will make the cover look as natural as possible.

Tile door

In the case when the floor in the room is covered with tiles, and it is necessary to arrange a cellar under it, it is better to make a cover in the same style. For this you will need:

reinforcing bars;
tile;
steel corner;
sheet steel 3 mm thick;
mortar for laying tiles.

There are several significant differences between a metal lid and a tiled door. Making the latter is much easier:

First, cut out a blank that will be made of steel sheet. It must have the appropriate parameters. The workpiece will serve as a support for the structure.
The corners should be welded along its perimeter, due to which the sides are formed. Reinforcing bars are placed inside.
The frame of the inlet for the cellar is made of corners. It is immersed in a concrete solution.
The cover is attached to reinforced hinges.
The mortar must be kneaded, and then the tiles are applied.

The cover is decorated taking into account the pattern on the rest of the floor surface. In order not to spoil it, you should adhere to the predefined geometry.

To secure such a hatch, you will need to prepare simple hinges that are used for doors. You can also use bonnet hinges, which are able to fix the cover in any position when it is open. To lift the hatch was not so difficult, you should use a special mechanism made of a spring and a rod, as well as a mowing mount and a hinge.

Also, an automatic opening system can be installed on the door to the cellar. It will be the most convenient. Such a mechanism consists of an electric motor, a power source and a toggle switch.

Sealing the entrance

In order for the microclimate in the cellar room to remain stable, the entrance should be reliably sealed. Thanks to this, cold air does not penetrate into the living room, and unpleasant odors remain in the cellar.

When equipping an insulating layer, use:

expanded polystyrene;
glass wool;
polypropylene foam.

Felt tape is used to seal the joints between the hatch and the ceiling. Also, thanks to this finish, you can avoid mechanical damage to the frame when closing the lid.

The successful operation of the cellar is possible only with the correct arrangement of the entrance. If you make the lid as high quality as possible, it will protect winter blanks from moisture and temperature extremes. The convenience of opening the manhole will depend on the correct choice of loops. You should also consider the dimensions of the structure.

The final stage

As soon as the work on the construction of the cover for the cellar is done by hand, it is worth thinking about the correct finish of the cover for the cellar. At the final stage, you may need such tips:

If linoleum is laid on the door, it can be screwed with screws or glued.
To securely fix the door, you need to make a lock.
To make it, you need an aluminum tube or steel rod.

These tips will help you equip the hatch in such a way that it is as convenient as possible to use.

Advanced options

Having understood the technology for constructing the hatch, you can understand that you can create it quickly enough with your own hands. You only need to pay attention to some aspects of the process. However, the door to the cellar is not always made simply and without any difficulties. Sometimes you have to create a mechanized system. There are also cases when the lid must have certain characteristics:

If the flooring in the room is made of expensive tiles, it will not be easy to fit the entrance to the basement into the overall interior. To install such a door, you will have to invite a professional.
For the convenience of opening and closing the door, owners of private houses often purchase mechanized structures. Such devices operate on an electric drive. They are quiet and safe.

Only taking into account the interior, the features of the operation of the cellar and its capabilities, you can make a really high-quality door.

conclusions

As you can see, you can make a cover for a cellar with your own hands using standard tools. For the construction of such a structure, available materials are used. The main thing is to carry out a certain work technology. You should also take into account such design features as the appearance of the door, the arrangement of pieces of furniture in the living room above the cellar, the intensity of the manhole operation.

Petr Kravets

Reading time: 4 minutes

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For access to the underground from a residential building, a floor hatch for the basement is equipped - a convenient and inconspicuous entry option, widespread in suburban construction. With proper arrangement, you can get a useful space for storing vegetables and canned products, hidden in the interior of the house under a laminate or parquet board.

The main advantage of the hatch is the ability to keep the temperature at the optimum all year round, preventing changes in the optimal microclimate of the underground.

If a hatch is installed underground in a private house, it must be done correctly, not only from an engineering point of view, but also visually attractive (since it is hidden) by fitting it into the interior or hiding it from prying eyes. When equipping a hole in the underground, you should think about how to make it comfortable and safe, as well as durable and reliable.

Features of manufacturing the hatch

There are several requirements for the equipped hatches:

Presentability of the species;
Combination with the existing interior (linoleum, laminate or tile must be chosen based on the floor finish of the room);
Cover-entry reliability;
The quality and durability of the opening mechanism;
Reliability and quality of the used fittings for hinges and curtains;
Reliability of the unlocking mechanism without effort, no matter what the size of the hatch;
Arrangement of the structure with two handles for opening;
If the cover weighs more than 10 kilograms, you need a device for opening with a drive (electric motor) or automatically;
The dimensions of the hatch to the basement must correspond to the shaft in the floor overlap, otherwise it will be necessary to re-equip the entire structure, which will lead to a significant increase in the cost of the estimate;
The entrance through the hatch must fit into the existing interior, be invisible to prying eyes, respectively, it must be flush with the floor (for laminate, tiles or wooden boards);
The secret door, which will be the entrance to the underground, will have a constant load, since people will constantly move around the house, which means that it is necessary to ensure the stability of the structure to loads.

What should be the basement hatch in terms of its technical parameters and decorative features - it is up to the owner to choose, the main thing is that it should be made taking into account all requirements and meet standards.

Manufacturing and finishing options can be found in manufacturers' catalogs or in publicly available photos and videos Basement hatches protect the upper floors of the house from the dampness inherent in underground rooms, preventing mold or fungus infections from entering the surface.

Tools and materials

Before you make a hatch to the basement with your own hands, you need to prepare the necessary materials and tools:

Metal sheet no more than 5 cm thick;
Hinges;
Metal corners;
Seal (most often rubber);
Bulgarian and welding machine;
Drill and screwdriver;
Self-tapping screws;
Roulette.

The place for arranging the hatch is chosen based on the design features and configuration of the underground room under the house. The most convenient is to march along the stairs, where there are comfortable steps. As a rule, two marches are sufficient.

In this case, moving up the stairs will be convenient not only when carrying weights and products, but also for older people. In this case, the hatch is made rectangular, slightly elongated and with an approach to the wall of a room, for example, a kitchen.

The advantages of this arrangement:

The descent turns out to be of sufficient size, which is very important when laying bulk products or items with large sizes, boxes, boxes, etc.;
The insertion point, offset under the wall, does not interfere with movement around the room in the house, since both in the open and closed state, the hatch is invisible;
The structure does not weaken the load-bearing beams. The hatch and the entrance in the center of the wooden structure needs to be equipped with a box or transverse beams in order to avoid overturning the log.

If the house is equipped with a small basement, especially when placing it under a tile in the kitchen or dining room, designed to store quickly deteriorating food, then you can make a spiral staircase and a transparent cover.

This will only decorate the interior of the room. If the floor is wooden, then floor hatches to the basement are always made using stealth technology, that is, an invisible hatch to the basement, which is done by selecting a floor pattern or covering.

When placing a hatch in a house made of wood or a country house, the covers are equipped with deliberately rough, made of boards and forged hinges made of black metal. Such a structure should be located as far as possible from places where people often pass in the house.

The main part of the entrance to the underground is the hinges on which the hatch cover is hung. At the moment of loading on the cover, when it is stepped on, for example, more than half of the pressure exerted falls on the suspension of the hinges.

Typical entrance dimensions involve simple door hinges, positioned so that the pins are recessed into the surface of the hatch cover. If the structure is planned to be heavier, then it is better to do with car trunk sheds. This will change the trajectory of the lid flip, and the movement will be smooth and accurate.

To simplify the opening of a heavy hatch, it is worth using a special mechanism made of a coil spring, a steel bar, a kosyachny mount and a bracket where there are hinges.

Also important is such a structural element as the electric drive of the lifting mechanism. Its usefulness can be felt when descending with the product in hand and trying to close the hatch cover with one hand. This is inconvenient and inconvenient, moreover, the lid can fall off at any time and cause damage to human health.

In order to avoid such difficulties, it is better to make a lifting electric drive, which you can either do yourself or purchase ready-made. When handcrafted, all drawings can be found in open sources.

In order to protect yourself in the event that the electric lift fails, you need to buy a system for unlocking such a drive, which will allow you to open the cover mechanically by hand.

As a rule, handles or hinges are made on the hatch covers, with which they can be folded back into a safe position. A key handle or a folding metal loop is perfect for these purposes.

Basement hatch design

Arrangement of the entrance to the underground in the house is similar to the warehouse or types in the garage, only with better finishes and increased fit of parts. In the garage, such finishing work is not required. In the course of the work, it is necessary to think over several main details - choose a place for the hatch, calculate the hatch in the floor slab, choose the design of hinges and stops (gas), choose a method for fixing the decorative finish of the cover within the existing design of the room.

To enter the subfloor, an elevator hatch is used, a special type in which the cover is opened by a drive or by hand. This is a very reliable scheme for attaching the cover and the entire structure as a whole.

You can also make double-leaf hinged or sliding entrances. A sliding cover is not very common in country houses. Such options are used as needed, when the basement is large.

The hatch frame must have a margin of rigidity and increased strength, at least similar to the characteristics of the floor.

The hatch door can sag over time, becoming below the floor line, and will accumulate dirt and dust on itself. In addition, the rigidity of the lid is a guarantee of the correct facing of the entrance to the subfloor.

Whatever the coating in the house, before you arrange a hatch into the basement for linoleum, you need to make sure that all structural elements are free from defects, and the decorative coating will not interfere with convenient use.

When installing the door in the floor, all work begins with a frame, which should fit in size into the general scheme of the basement entrance project. The dimensions of the hatch to the basement should be at least 75 * 75 cm. Welding is used to make a frame made of metal corners, as a rule, of a square or rectangular shape.

A gap of about 5 mm is left between the welded frame and the basement floor slab, which is then filled with a rubber seal for better sealing. The door is made of metal 1 mm thick or wood, which depends only on the preferences of the owner.

When installing the frame from the corners (40-50 mm), the edge of the sharp surfaces is dulled on the lid, and it is adjusted flush with the frame. The top of the cover should be slightly raised relative to the bottom.

Fastening is done on hinges, so it will be easier to open the door, and the tightness of the seams will protect the room from moisture and moisture. All hinges must fit the dimensions of the basement opening. Some fasteners are installed directly on the corners, and some on the cover itself, in which case you need to use self-tapping screws.

Basement hatch with gas shock absorbers

Installation of gas shock absorbers is needed in cases where there must be free access to communications and basements. Then the whole structure is made of high strength steel, treated against corrosion with powder mixtures.

The assembly process is performed by argon-arc welding. Any materials can serve as cladding - tiles, stone (natural or artificial), wood, bag or laminate, linoleum.

Externally, the arrangement of a well-made entrance to the basement will be imperceptible, whatever the coverage. Gas springs provide a smooth movement of the opening mechanism, which will secure the structure and eliminate jerks when opening and in case of jamming of the device.

Correct installation of the hatch with gas shock absorbers allows making doors of increased dimensions without losing the strength of the structure. With this arrangement of the door to the entrance to the underground, the lid can be opened 90 degrees without effort, and the hinges will not create resistance.

The arrangement of hinges on such a structure should be of especially high quality, and experts prefer the spring type. The choice of sealant is also important to keep odors, cold and moisture out.

For some types of coating, for example, linoleum, tiles or laminate, the installation of hatches is done with certain nuances. When they equip the hatch into the basement under the tiles with their own hands, all the frames are made horizontal, and from above they equip schemes that resemble a trough. When installing the cover on the hatch in the basement under the laminate for decorative purposes, as well as when installing gas lifts, the entrance to the basement and hatches are not used.

The hatch under the tiles in the floor is made in the following sequence:

Remove the lifting mechanism;
Marking is made for installation on the surface of the basement overlap, and the hatch door is placed in the opening of the entrance to the basement and the evenness is maintained at the building level;
The top of the frame is made along the bottom tile;
Before filling, the trough is dismantled from lifting mechanisms, which can be replaced with belts placed under the door;
Pour concrete with mortar and wait until hardened to 90%;
Remove excess mortar between the frame or trough, cleaning the edges of the structure;
Connect the lift and make the tiling;
The gaps between the frame and the structure are cleaned and the seal is fixed.

For sound insulation and heat retention, voids between the frame and the opening in the ceiling must be avoided. The hatch to the basement for the laminate is inspected for defects. All gaps are sealed with a sealant or polyurethane foam, which has sufficient flexibility. About once a year, all basement tile hatches must be cleaned from dirt and dust.

If the house has a cellar, it is necessary to make an entrance to it. It can be a door or a hatch. As a rule, in private houses the choice is made in favor of the second option. Next, let's look at how to equip do-it-yourself cellar hatch. Drawing design, more precisely, how to compose it, will also be described in this article.

Relevance of the issue

It makes no sense to argue about the advantages of a cellar in the house. It not only acts as a utility room, increasing the area of \u200b\u200bthe house, but also provides always a dry and warm floor on the ground floor. Its arrangement, however, requires considerable investment. In addition, it is necessary to have certain skills and knowledge of building codes.

Those owners of private houses who have a sufficient amount of funds trust the arrangement of the cellar and the entrance to it to professionals. Other owners prefer to do the work themselves.

As a rule, the basement is provided by the project. Accordingly, at the design stage, the location of the hatch in the cellar is determined. It should be arranged so that the lid does not interfere with walking and does not touch the furniture. It is important to consider the appearance. hatch into the cellar. Cap must be made of a material that is in harmony with the environment. Before starting work, you need to think over the details and take into account the nuances.

Features of drawing up a drawing of a hatch in a cellar

When drawing up a diagram, you should determine:

The place where the hatch will be located. As mentioned above, the cover should not interfere with moving around the room and should not touch the surrounding objects.
Optimal dimensions of the hatch in the cellar... The minimum internal parameters are 75x75 cm.
The material from which the hatch will be made. It should be lightweight but durable.
Materials for thermal insulation and ensuring the tightness of the structure.

Cellar floor hatch often equipped with a soft opening / closing system. In houses where there are small children and animals, a fixing device is additionally provided.

To prevent unauthorized access to the cellar, the hatch can be equipped with an electric drive.

Material selection

It depends on a variety of factors. When choosing, the material from which the walls of the house are made is taken into account.

For example, in wooden structures, boards and plywood sheets are used for the hatch into the cellar. According to the drawing, the required dimensions are cut, processed with special impregnations. Within a few days, the composition should be completely absorbed into the wood. After that, the direct installation begins.

The hatch to the cellar can also be metal. To install it you will need:

Steel sheets with a thickness of 0.5-1 and 3-4 mm.
Corner 40 or 50 mm.
Door hinges.
Styrofoam.
Rubber compressor.
Grinder and cut-off wheels.
Primer.
Welding machine.
Self-tapping screws.
Drill with drills.

How to install a cellar hatch with your own hands?

As mentioned above, the first thing to do is draw up a drawing. It is necessary to calculate everything accurately so as not to redo the work.

Before, you need to prepare the material and tools. According to the drawing, blanks are cut, the support is equipped. It is attached to the flooring.

The edge of the shield must be processed with longitudinal strips. Insulation (mineral wool or foam) is laid in the crate.

After the main activities have been completed, external finishing begins. As a rule, the material from which the floor is made is used.

Nuances

If you have materials and tools, you can make blanks yourself. However, as a rule, the owners turn to metal depots. In the workshops, you can order blanks according to individual dimensions.

When choosing a steel sheet for a metal hatch, it must be borne in mind that its size must be larger than the manhole size and slightly overlap it.

The corners must be placed at a distance of 5-10 mm from the edge. Stiffeners should be installed in the center of the structure.

Parts are welded without gaps. The finished cover is cleaned and primed.

Insulation must be laid in the internal voids. It is covered with plywood or another steel sheet.

Installation of the hatch on the hinges is carried out using anchors.

We should not forget about the sealant. It will provide protection for the floor covering and additional insulation.

For installation, door hinges can be used if the hatch is made of lightweight material (wood, for example). For heavy metal structures, it is better to choose more reliable hinges.

Smooth running

It greatly facilitates operation hatch to the cellar. With shock absorbers the cover will close smoothly, which will prevent injury. Keep the cover open when installing the mechanism.

There are different ways to make the lid move smoothly. One of the most popular is the use of spring hinges used in car hoods. This option is suitable for light metal or wooden hatches. Fastening must be carried out so that the cover can be opened perpendicular to the floor.

Another option is gas shock absorbers. They are used if the manhole cover is heavy. In stores, you can find various shock absorbers of different capacities, suitable for any design.

A pen

It is made, as a rule, folding or secret. Some craftsmen cut a recess in the lid. Removable handles are also common. They have one important advantage: small children cannot open the hatch.

When making a hatch with your own hands, it is advisable to use simple, inexpensive options that do not involve working with metal products.

Electric drive

As mentioned above, this mechanism prevents unauthorized access to the cellar by strangers. There are several ways to install an electric drive. Let's consider the simplest option.

For installation you need:

Electric motor.
Duralumin pipes.
Steel sheets.
Welding machine.
Grinder with cut-off wheels.
Cable.
Current source.

The mechanism is installed directly on the cover. At the same time, it is recommended to leave some margin for opening the hatch (i.e., the lid should open slightly less than 90 degrees).

The mechanism works quite simply. A signal is given using the remote control, the system starts to rotate, respectively, the lid starts to move. Lifting is provided by a rod. You can also close the hatch using the remote control.

Retractable system

For its installation you will need:

Steel sheets 5 mm thick.
Two electric motors.
Metal rollers.
Three position switch.
Current source.
Cable.

This construction is more complicated than the one described above. However, it makes the manhole cover practically invisible. The entire mechanism is located under it and does not take up much space.

Tile hatch

As in all previous cases, a drawing is being developed. It reflects the following parameters:

Box dimensions (width, length).
Opening and frame thickness.
Loop locations.

Before installation cellar hatch for tiles an even base is created. For this, a screed is used. Alignment is carried out in several stages:

The level of the floor covering is determined. In this case, one should take into account the thickness of the tile (about 8 mm), as well as the adhesive layer (about 4 mm).
A solution is being prepared, beacons are set up.
The opening of the future hatch is flanged. In this case, 10 cm should be left around the perimeter for support for the lid.

The screed is carried out using standard technology. After the solution has hardened, the hatch is tried on. It is applied to the opening. At this stage, it is recommended to first lay out the tiles.

The cladding starts from the corner of the wall, which is visible. Trimming and laying of tiles when finishing the opening begins after installing the frame for the hatch cover.

Finishing

The ends are made out in a certain order. It is necessary to perform the following steps in stages:

Attach the frame to the niche and level it with a building level.
The existing gaps between the metal frame and the screed must be filled with mortar. For its preparation, cement of the M-500 brand is used. The solution should completely harden.
Trim the tiles and close the remaining area around the opening.
The slopes of the niche must be leveled. For this, beacons are installed, cement mortar is applied and leveled.
Slopes are faced with tiles.
Before the glue dries, it is recommended to fix the tiles with adhesive tape and put dividing crosses.

Cover installation and trim

The hatch can be hinged or any of the mechanisms described above can be used. Once the cover is secured, you can start finishing it. If the floor covering is tile, then it can also be installed on the hatch. In general, as practice shows, a variety of materials can be used for decoration. The main thing is that the appearance of the hatch is in harmony with the interior design. In this case, of course, one should not forget about the technology of laying this or that material.

In wooden houses, hatches are usually not trimmed. They are simply covered with linoleum or other coating on top.

Conclusion

In general, it is not difficult to make a hatch into the cellar yourself. The main difficulties can arise at the design stage and when calculating dimensions. At these stages, many nuances must be taken into account, including the expected load on the lid, the frequency of visiting the cellar, its purpose, the features of the items that will be there, and much more. To store bulky items, you need a large hatch.

It should be remembered that when the hatch is tiled, its weight will increase significantly. Therefore, in preliminary calculations, it is necessary to determine the most suitable hinges or closing mechanism. Do not forget about the stiffeners. Their number will depend on the dimensions of the cover. In standard hatches of minimum size (75x75 cm), 1-2 stiffeners are provided.

Special attention must be paid to safety. It is not only about the operation, but also about the installation of the structure. During the installation of the hatch, the opening will have to be kept open. In this regard, if there are small children or animals in the house, access to the work place for them must be limited.

We should not forget about the insulation. If it is not placed in the structure, heat will escape through the cover. It will help prevent heat loss and In addition, it will soften the contact of the cover and frame.

The trapdoor transforms the basement into an isolated space so that no dog or cat can fall into it. If the hatch is equipped with a reliable lock, then vegetables or seals will not be stolen from your basement. In this article, we will talk about the different ways to insert a hatch into a basement. These methods depend on the material of the basement roof, as well as the tools and building skills available.

Manhole dimensions

There is no standard governing the size of the basement hatch, but all hatches can be roughly divided into two types:

with a straight staircase;
with a slanting staircase.

The hatch is a passage in the roof of the basement, but the distance from it to the floor is 2–4 meters, so you cannot do without a ladder. If a vertical staircase is installed in the basement, then you need a small hatch that will allow any family member with a bag or can in their hands to pass. If the staircase is installed obliquely, then a long hatch will be required, because the descent to the basement runs diagonally. The length of such a hatch can be up to 2 meters. A further increase in length does not make sense, because most basement stairs are installed at an angle of 45 degrees or more, that is, at a distance of 2 meters from the beginning of the hatch, the height will be at least 2 meters. Therefore, even a tall person will pass through such a hatch.

Material for the manufacture of the hatch

Planks and steel are best for making a hatch. A hatch made of boards is easier to manufacture and install, because you do not have to use a grinder and a welding machine. But the metal hatch is stronger, this is important if there is a possibility that homeless people are going to rob your basement. For a basement located inside the house, a wooden hatch is preferable - it is easy to make and no special strength is expected from it. After all, if an intruder enters the house, he will find something to profit from in addition to the basement. Another advantage of a wooden hatch is that it is much easier to finish so that it does not stand out on the floor.

Choosing a location for installation

When choosing a place to install the hatch, it is necessary to take into account the structure of the floor and the movement of people. If the floor is made of wood, then the hatch can only be placed between the logs, because damage to even one log will lead to the floor sagging, squeaks and vibrations. If the floor is made of hollow core slabs, the hatch must be located at the junction of two slabs. If the hatch is long, then it must be placed along the slabs. Any other installation will lead to a strong weakening of one of the plates, which may result in its collapse.

In a monolithic reinforced concrete floor, the hatch can be placed anywhere, but the closer to the center, the better. The strength of the hatch is much less than the strength of the floor, so it should be installed in places where people go least often and do not put furniture. However, the smaller the hatch size, the less it is subject to this rule. Hatches up to 80x80 cm (length and width) with a powerful box and a rebate at least 25 mm wide can be installed even in the most walk-through places. To do this, the hatch cover will need to be made not from thin, but from a thick (over 40 mm) board

Manhole design

Any hatch consists of the following elements:

boxes;
doors;
awnings;
pens;
castle.

The box is attached to the floor and carries the entire load, therefore, in wooden hatches, it is made from planed boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm and a width of at least 150 mm. To create the box of the iron hatch, a steel angle of 50-60 mm is used.

Most often, in wooden hatches, the door is made of planed boards 20–25 mm thick. If the hatch is located in a passageway, then the door is made of planed boards 40-50 mm thick. In the iron hatch, the door is made of steel sheet 2-3 mm thick and reinforcements made of a corner with a shelf width of 30-40 mm. Any canopy can be used, as long as they can withstand the weight of the door with a guarantee. The handles can be both protruding and hidden or semi-hidden. Any window or door handles are suitable as protruding handles, and various rings are used as secret or semi-secret ones. As a lock, you can use both latches and mortise or padlocks.

How to make a hatch

Any hatch must first be assembled, make sure it works, and only then cut into the floor. Otherwise, a situation is possible when you make a hole in the floor, and then you realize that you are missing something and will have to urgently look for what is missing. Therefore, we will tell you in detail how to make wooden and metal hatches and what to look for. The manufacture of any hatch must begin with the selection of materials and tools.

Wooden hatch

To make a wooden hatch you will need to get materials:

planed board 50x150 or 50x200 mm;
planed boards 25 or 40 mm thick;
window or door awnings;
self-tapping screws;
nails.

And the tools:

milling machine;
jigsaw;
a circular saw;
drill with a set of wood drills;
screwdriver with a set of bits;
a hammer;
square;
chisels;
award (special wood saw for delicate work);
pencil.

A milling machine is only necessary for cutting the folds in the box boards, so if it is not there, visit the nearest carpentry or furniture workshop, where they will choose the folds of the required size for a small fee. The dimensions of the box should be 0.5–1 cm smaller than the dimensions of the opening. When marking the parts of the box, keep in mind that the vertical bars (by analogy with ordinary doors) on which the awnings are installed must be of full length, and the length of the horizontal bars must be calculated.

After all, their length should be less than the width of the box by twice the width of the seam side. Having determined the size of the bars, start cutting the boards. To do this, first, using a square, draw a perpendicular line to one of the ends of the board, then cut the board strictly along the line. This operation is called trimming and is best done with a circular saw. Then measure the required length of the board, mark a mark and a perpendicular line on it and cut with a circular saw.

Put a horizontal board on the table and place vertical boards at its ends. Mark the line of the vertical planks, then cut the horizontal planks along the line with a reward (the depth of the notch is equal to the depth of the rebate) and carefully chisel the cut off with a chisel. This is necessary to create a level platform so that vertical and horizontal boards are tightly pressed against each other. Having processed all horizontal boards in this way, assemble the box, knocking it down with nails 100–120 mm long. Align the box, then slide it into the opening to make sure the dimensions are correct. Then place the box on the table and cut into thin boards. They, too, must first be trimmed, and then cut to the desired length.

The length of the boards should be 2-3 mm less than the space for them. After that, lay the boards on a workbench or table to make a door of the desired width from them. Most likely, the width of the door will be wider than necessary, so one of the boards will have to be cut with a circular saw. To do this, mark the required width on the folded boards, which is 3–5 mm less than the internal rebate width of the box. Then draw a straight line parallel to the other edge of the door and cut the board along that line.

Place all the door boards on the table and connect them with three boards in the shape of the letter Z, and the width of these boards should be 10 mm less than the inner width of the box, excluding the rebate. If you are making a door from a 20–25 mm board, then the length of the nails should be 70 mm. If the board is 35–40 thick, the length of the nails should be 120 mm. The nails should go through both boards until they stop, then use the pliers to bend their tips at an angle of 90 degrees at a distance of 1 cm. Having bent the nails, support the caps with something and bend them so that the folded ends enter the wood.

This method of fastening is not only very reliable, but also as safe as possible, because no one will get injured by catching a sharp tip of a nail sticking out of the door. Slide the door into the box to make sure it goes in and out easily, then slide the box with the door into the opening prepared for it. If everything is ok, hang the door on the box and install the hatch in the opening. If the hatch with the door no longer matches the opening, check the door with a square, most likely you skewed it during assembly. To fix the door, you will have to unbend the nails, pull them out, then normally expose all the boards and hammer in the nails again, but in other places. If the door is of the correct shape, then you will have to trim the opening.

Iron hatch

To make it you will need:

corner 50-60 mm;
corner 20-30 mm;
sheet metal 2–3 mm thick;
window or door awnings.

Here is a list of the tools you need:

grinder with various discs and a metal brush;
welding inverter;
drill with a set of drills for metal;
square;
tap.

Cut horizontal and vertical elements of the box from a corner of 50-60 mm, and you need to cut it at an angle of 45 degrees, so that it is more convenient to cook. Then fold all the blanks on the table, aligning with a square and connect them with tacks. Carefully place this blank box into the opening to make sure it fits properly. Expand or reshape the opening if necessary. Place the blank box on the table and boil it. Cut a door out of sheet metal, making sure that the door is 5 mm smaller than the inside of the box.

Make sure the door fits well into the box. Cut out 20-30 mm reinforcements from the corner and weld them to the door. Moreover, on the back side, the vertical shelf of the corner should be flush with the door, and on the front side, flush with the door, there should be a horizontal shelf, and the vertical one should be behind it. Thanks to this design, the door will not cling to the box. In addition to 4 amplifiers around the perimeter of the door, weld also 2 amplifiers in the shape of the letter X. After that, hang the door on the box.

Installation

To fasten the hatch to the opening in the vertical bars, the boxes are drilled holes, then they are fastened to the concrete with the help of anchor bolts, and to the wooden floor with the help of nails. For fastening to a hollow core slab, we recommend the following method - punch 6-7 holes 5x5 cm in the slab wall, then pour thick concrete into them starting from the outer ones. After pouring concrete into the hole, plug it with a wooden plug. Then fill the next hole and plug again. So move from the outermost holes to the center. Remove the wooden plugs after 24 hours. After 25–30 days, attach the hatch to the opening with anchors. If you want to cover the hatch with a finish so that it looks like the floor, then lower it to the thickness of the finishing material.

Output

Any person who is familiar with carpentry, plumbing or welding can independently install the hatch. After reading the article, you learned what is needed to create and install a hatch, as well as the order of work. Thanks to this, you can make a reliable and practical hatch that will protect your basement from unwanted intrusions.