Often, the first thing a person thinks about after buying a plot is how to make a simple outdoor toilet in a country house with their own hands and ready-made drawings will come in handy here, as well as a detailed description of all stages of construction, tips and nuances.
One of the most important and vital buildings in a summer cottage or garden plot is the toilet. The need for a simple construction arises within a few hours after arrival. And even if the owners already have a bathroom in a cozy house, outdoor amenities will never be superfluous.
A toilet in a summer cottage is easy to build with your own hands
The simplicity of the design allows even a person without much building experience to equip a toilet for a summer residence with their own hands. And if you connect fantasy, then a house for thinking about
fit perfectly into the design of the site and, perhaps, even become its decoration.
Which toilet to build: types and features
Actually, there are only two options here: with or without a cesspool.
- A pit toilet is a simple, time-tested structure that consists of an equipped cesspool and a toilet house above it. As the pit is filled with sewage, they clean it manually or order a sewage machine.
And sometimes they just move the house to another place. The old pit is buried, and after 6-7 years its contents will finally rot and you can put the toilet back again.
- Backlash closet - a kind of street toilet with a sewage pit, but with the difference that it must be airtight. Such a toilet has to be built if it is located close to the house, a water source, or when groundwater is high.
Scheme: how the backlash closet works
- A toilet without a cesspool or a powder closet is equipped if the groundwater is very high or if the toilet is not used much. In this case, anything can be a container for collecting sewage, except for a pit (bucket, barrel, plastic tank). The required volume determines the intensity of using the bathroom.
After each trip to such a toilet, sewage is sprinkled with dry peat, sometimes sawdust or ash is used, so a box for “masking powder” should be provided in the house. After filling, the container is removed manually, and the contents are evacuated to the compost pit. If sewage was sprinkled with peat, then after a while they become a wonderful fertilizer.
Toilet without a cesspool (powder closet)
Important! If the groundwater lies below 2.5 meters, any type of toilet can be built, but if they are located higher, then the cesspool will have to be abandoned.
Where to build a toilet
For pit latrines, there are a number of sanitary and hygienic standards and restrictions on which their location on the site depends.
Minimum distances from the toilet to other objects:
- To water sources (wells, wells, lakes, rivers) - 25 m;
- To houses, cellars - 12 m;
- To a summer shower or bath - 8 m;
- To the nearest tree - 4 m, and to shrubs - 1 m;
- To the fences - at least 1 m.
Scheme: the correct location of the toilet relative to other buildings in the summer cottage
Important! When choosing a construction site, it is worth considering not only the objects located on your own site, but also those located on the neighboring one.
So that summer evenings on the terrace are not spoiled by amber, the place is chosen taking into account the wind rose. If the site is located on a slope, it is better to put the toilet at the lowest point.
Construction of a cesspool
After selecting and preparing the site, they begin to dig a cesspool. As a rule, it is square in shape, at least 2 meters deep.
The cesspool is of two types:
- Sealed. The bottom of such a pit is concreted, reinforced before pouring, and so that the reinforcement does not drown in concrete, it is placed on pegs. The walls are also sealed, puttied with a mortar or the seams are covered with bitumen.
Sealed toilet pit
- Absorbing. It is better to dig such a hole to the sand, then the liquid fraction of sewage will quickly go into the ground. The bottom is covered with a layer of large rubble or pebbles.
Absorption pit design
There are several ways to strengthen the walls of a cesspool:
- Brickwork;
- concrete structure;
- Ready reinforced concrete rings;
- Plastic tank.
From above, the pit is covered, with bars, slate or concreted, leaving only the area under the toilet seat open, and they begin to assemble the toilet house.
Construction of a toilet house
The optimal dimensions of a country toilet are 1 × 1.5 m, height - 2.2-2.5 m. Otherwise, it will simply be inconvenient, especially for people with large shapes. It is not necessary to make toilet drawings on your own, if there are no special requirements and ideas, you can use ready-made ones.
First of all, the scheme is convenient in that it allows you to correctly calculate the amount of building materials and the preliminary cost of a yard bathroom.
Building a toilet over a cesspool (correct placement scheme)
frame base
The toilet house is recommended to be pushed forward 2/3 above the cesspool, thus providing access to it for cleaning behind the back wall of the structure.
The stability of the building can provide a shallow foundation. Waterproofing is laid between it and the frame, 1-2 layers of roofing material. But for a light wooden building, it is not at all necessary. The base is enough to install on concrete blocks.
You can also put four supporting pillars. To do this, four pits about 60 cm deep are dug in the corners of the future structure, up to 1 meter in soft soils, and asbestos pipes are lowered into them. The pit is filled with cement mortar by a third. After that, a support beam is installed in the pipe, and the pit is completely filled with concrete.
Installing the toilet base on concrete blocks
Frame assembly
For the construction of the frame, it will be enough bars with a section of 50 × 50 or 80 × 80 mm, it is not advisable to take a larger material.
- First, a rectangular support with a jumper is assembled, from which the front wall of the toilet seat will rise, and screwed to the foundation or support posts. A board is laid on top. The thickness of the floor board must be at least 3 cm.
Construction of a wooden frame for a toilet
- The frame of the front, rear and side walls is assembled from the timber. In this case, the front wall should be at least 10 cm higher than the back wall, this will provide the necessary slope of the roof.
- For greater structural strength on the side and rear walls, it is recommended to make diagonal jibs.
- On the front wall, it is necessary to make a reinforcement for the door of the appropriate size and make a hole for the window.
- The wall frames are fixed on the base with metal corners, a strapping is made on top and at the level of the toilet seat.
Strengthening the frame of the toilet with metal corners
- The next step is to assemble the toilet seat frame and sheath it, unless alternative options are provided, for example, a floor-mounted toilet.
Frame sheathing
Sheathe the frame with wooden boards. The vertical arrangement allows you to significantly save material, and the horizontal one imitates a log house and looks more interesting. The boards are tightly fitted to each other and attached to the base. Instead of wood, they also use corrugated sheets, slate, or any other material that matches the construction budget.
Toilet frame upholstery
Advice! It is desirable to treat all wooden structural elements with a special antibacterial impregnation, which will protect the material from moisture and pests, and then varnish or paint
Roof
The roof should not protrude beyond the walls by more than 30 cm. Installation begins with fixing parallel boards at a short distance. After that, the visor is sewn up from below, the boards are attached outside along the perimeter. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the prepared base, usually it is roofing material, after which the structure is covered with any roofing material (slate, metal profile, bituminous tiles).
A simple flat roof is enough for a toilet
Summer residents who are not satisfied with the standard scheme of the house can find drawings of more interesting options, make it on their own or purchase ready-made toilet houses, they are assembled according to the type of designer, and for convenience, instructions and all accompanying drawings must be attached to them.
Exhaust ventilation
Exhaust ventilation in the country toilet - is a pipe that removes odors from the cesspool. Its lower edge is led into the pit, and the upper one should rise above the roof by at least 20 cm.
Arrangement of ventilation of a country toilet
A plastic pipe with a diameter of 100 millimeters is suitable for arranging ventilation. It is attracted to the back wall from the inside or outside of the building and fixed with iron clamps. To increase traction, a deflector nozzle is installed on the head.
Toilet door installation
Doors are installed with ordinary wooden, ready-made plastic or home-made ones, from the material with which the frame was sheathed. Hang the door on 2 hinges. The method of closing, in principle, can be any, traditionally it is a latch, latch or hook, outside and inside. It is better to refuse from more tricky locking systems, for example, with latches, since their mechanism will be exposed to moisture and quickly rust.
Two hinges are enough to install the door
Lighting
For a more comfortable operation of amenities, it is better to take care of their lighting in advance. It can be a wall flashlight that runs on battery power. Alternatively, you can bring the wiring and connect a small lighting device.
Country toilet lighting options
And during the day, a small window will illuminate the interior. It is usually cut out above the doors or at the top of the door, but there are actually more options, from figured windows on the walls to a transparent roof.
Advice! A latrine pit will last longer if toilet paper and other hygiene or household items are not thrown into it, so be sure to have a bucket in the toilet. If dimensions allow, it is convenient to install an ordinary washbasin with a hanging spout here, especially since you have already prepared a rowing pit.
Powder closet: features of the building
The absence of a cesspool is the main difference in construction. But there are some differences in the design of the house. You will have to think about a way to extract the container in which sewage is collected.
Scheme: powder closet device
The door is usually equipped with the back wall of the house or the front wall of the toilet seat. Inside the booth, a special box is installed for peat (ash, sawdust). Ventilation is also indispensable here, only the pipe does not fall into the pit, but directly under the toilet seat.
It is unlikely that anyone will argue with the fact that a toilet in a country house in a house is much more convenient than one located on the street.
But is it possible to organize it in the absence of a centralized sewage system?
It turns out yes, and not only sewerage, but also plumbing is optional. This article tells about ways to solve this problem.
So, we want to arrange a toilet in a country house. This can be done in one of two ways:
Traditional Options
The idea is simple: put a toilet in the house and run a pipe from it into a cesspool located 5 meters from the house. In order for waste to fall into the pit, it must be washed off with water. Hence the conclusions:
- This option is suitable for houses equipped with running water.
- Due to the large volume of drains, instead of a cesspool, which will fill up quickly, it is better to use a septic tank.
Traditional country toilet
In the latter case, most of the water can be filtered and made suitable for discharge into the ground.
Innovative Solutions
If there is no running water in the house or it is rarely visited, you can install one of the types of dry closets. Common to such designs is that waste accumulates in a sealed container located directly under the toilet bowl, where it is processed in a certain way.
Modern electric dry closet
As the container is filled, it is emptied, while the waste as a result of processing does not usually have a pronounced unpleasant odor.
Depending on the method of processing feces, dry closets are divided into the following types:
Composting
There are two subtypes here:
- Powder closets. Every time after visiting the toilet, the waste is sprinkled (“powdered”) with a portion of peat, ash or sawdust. Such a powder, firstly, blocks the spread of an unpleasant odor, and secondly, it prevents oxygen from entering the feces. In an oxygen-free environment, specific biochemical processes take place, after which the waste is converted into compost suitable for use as fertilizer.
- Drying toilets. Air is forced through the waste collection chamber by the compressor (it is thrown out through the exhaust pipe connected to it), as a result of which its contents are completely dry. It also causes faeces to be converted into fertilizer.
The simplest peat dry closet from a plywood box and a plastic bucket
Separation
Processing consists in separating the solid and liquid fractions, after which the liquid is filtered. The solid one is removed for composting when the storage tank is full.
Thermal
Waste is burned by a powerful electric heater (from 5 kW) to the state of ash. The water then evaporates and is removed through the chimney.
cryogenic
The opposite solution: the waste is frozen, which leads to the death of microbes and neutralization of the smell.
Many people associate a country toilet with discomfort. However, making a comfortable option is quite simple. Consider the types of structures and their advantages.
You can see a comparison of different types of country dry closets.
Which dry closet for a summer residence to choose and where to buy it? Read the answers to these questions.
Toilet arrangement
Everything is clear with a dry closet - you just need to purchase and install it. You will have to tinker with a classic-type toilet. The creation process is divided into two stages:
- Choice of collection point.
- Bathroom equipment.
Cesspool made of monolithic concrete
Waste collection point
The easiest option is to build a cesspool. You can go this way if the cottage is visited relatively rarely, otherwise you will have to call the sewage machine too often to remove accumulated effluents.
Just digging a hole is not enough - you need to form an airtight container in it to prevent contamination of the soil with runoff.
Here's how the construction is done:
- On an area of 2 - 3 square meters. m digs a pit 2.5 m deep. Please note that it should be located in a lowland, at least 5 m from the house and at least 25 m from a well or well.
- The bottom is covered with 3 layers of polyethylene film.
- A layer of compacted clay 20 cm thick is laid on top of the film.
- Clay is poured with concrete 10 cm thick.
- The walls can be lined with boards, but such sheathing will last only 10 years. A more durable option is to overlay the pit with ceramic bricks (silicate bricks cannot be used!), Which will last for about 20 - 25 years.
- The pit is covered with a concrete slab with a hatch or thick boards on which cut fertile soil can be laid.
A more time-consuming, but also more practical solution is to build a septic tank. This is a structure of 2 or 3 chambers, the last of which is a drainage well (instead of a concrete bottom there is a gravel filter), and the rest are sealed. Overflow pipes are installed between the chambers at a certain height.
An example of a plastic septic tank
The idea is as follows: each of the sealed chambers plays the role of a sump: heavy fractions settle down, light fractions float up, and relatively clean water flows through the overflow pipe (it starts with a knee turned downwards) into the next container.
If it is also sealed, the 2nd stage of settling occurs, after which even more clarified water again enters the 3rd chamber through the overflow pipe, from which it drains into the ground through a gravel filter. Thus, only the waste directly remains in the settling tanks, which is why they have to be pumped out much less frequently than a cesspool.
The walls of the chambers and the partitions between them can be laid out with ceramic bricks; it is also possible to assemble the chambers from concrete rings.
If funds allow, you can purchase a modern plastic septic tank, which, at the request of the customer, can be equipped with a disinfection system and other options.
Bathroom equipment
Under the bathroom in the house, you need to either select a zone near the outer wall from the side of the cesspool, or build an extension of the toilet and shower to the country house.
If there will be only a toilet bowl here, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room should be at least 1.5 square meters. m. If there is also a washbasin, that is, the bathroom will be combined, then the allotted area should be at least 3.8 square meters. m.
Attached toilet
If you are not yet ready to shell out for an extension, the room inside the house should be fenced off with partitions. The most affordable option is plasterboard partitions: a frame is erected from metal profiles, which is sheathed on both sides with plasterboard sheets. You can lay mineral wool in the frame, protecting it with a vapor barrier - due to the soft structure, it retains sound well.
If the owner is ready to spend money on a better option, the partition should be laid out of brick.
Brick partition walls
The finish applied inside the bathroom should be moisture resistant and have a smooth surface so that it can be washed . If ceramic tiles do not suit you because of the high cost, you can use a very affordable alternative - plastic panels. They can be fixed directly on the frame, drywall is not needed.
The toilet bowl is installed so that the sewer bed between it and the descent into the underground has a length of no more than 1 m.
The bottom of the vertical section (descent) should reach the depth of soil freezing characteristic of the region.
If the foundation under the house is tape, it is necessary to drill an opening through which the pipe will go outside.
Of course, it is better to provide a toilet at the stage of building a house - then the opening can be easily made during the pouring of the foundation, having laid a pipe segment into the formwork before that.
The outer part of the pipe is laid in a trench with a slope of 3 cm/m.
A sand cushion is arranged under the pipe, and on top it is first covered with a small layer of expanded clay and only then with soil.
Related video
The first building that is being built at their summer cottage is a toilet. The toilet in the country differs from the city bathroom in the absence of a sewerage system. Therefore, the construction of a toilet in the country is not only the construction of a cabin, but also the organization of a place for the collection and disposal of waste. There are several possible options for arranging a toilet in the country about them and how to build a toilet in the country with your own hands will be described in detail in this material.
Outdoor toilet for a summer residence
Most dachas are used only in the warm season, so the summer or outdoor toilet for dachas is the most popular. This design is simple and well-tested by time. You can build a summer toilet in the country with your own hands from available materials, which is certainly a great advantage.
Fig.1.
Fig.2.
Fig.3.
An outdoor toilet for a summer residence consists of a toilet cubicle and a pit for collecting waste under it. The toilet cubicle in the country can be made of any materials. The pit for the toilet in the country can be made of any size. The depth of the toilet pit depends on the number of users.
Fig.4.
Fig.5.
Fig.6.
However, a cesspool for a toilet in a country house will only work well if the groundwater level is low. If the groundwater level is high, then the cesspool will constantly be heated, and it will overflow all the time. In this case, this type of toilet will have to be abandoned, or a waterproofed container will have to be used instead of the pit. However, then it is necessary to call a sewer at least once a year.
Fig.7.
Fig.8.
Fig.9.
Do-it-yourself wooden toilet for a summer residence
The construction of a toilet in a street-type cottage can be divided into three stages, preparing a waste collection pit, laying the foundation and making a toilet cabin. During construction, it is important to remember that the toilet will serve for a very long time only if the installation of the toilet in the country is done correctly.
Fig.10.
Fig.11.
Cesspool for a toilet in the country
A toilet pit in the country is made with reinforced walls. If you do not strengthen the pit under the toilet in the country, then in a short period of time it will quickly collapse. To strengthen the walls of the pit, it is convenient to use a toilet tank from a two hundred liter barrel.
Fig.12.
If there is a danger of a high groundwater level, then a plastic sealed tank must be used. The barrel is dug into the ground in the place of the cesspool. As the toilet is used, it will have to be cleaned. To facilitate this matter and at the same time not to think about where to put the contents, during the operation of the toilet, it is necessary to add a special composition to it. This composition can be purchased at any country store. It includes bacteria that will process all the waste, after which they can be used as fertilizer.
Fig.13.
If there is no groundwater, then it is good to use a metal barrel. Holes are made in it so that the liquid phase of the waste goes into the ground. The barrel is filled not with soil, but with gravel. Thus, a drainage for the liquid fraction is obtained. A cesspool for a toilet in the country, built according to this principle, can work for more than 10 years and does not require cleaning.
Fig.14.
Fig.15.
Fig.16.
How to make a foundation for a toilet in the country
By and large, such a structure as a wooden toilet does not require a special foundation. However, in order for the building to serve for a long time, the foundation for the toilet in the country is still needed. In addition, if the booth is raised above the ground by at least 10 cm, then the ventilation of the toilet in the country will be ensured in this way.
Fig.17.
Fig.18.
The easiest option for a foundation for an outdoor toilet is to dig holes in the corners of the toilet with a depth of 20 - 30 cm, fill them with sand, and put blocks or a curb stone on the sand. It will also be easy to install a pile foundation, for this you can purchase four screw piles 1 m long.
Fig.19.
Fig.20.
Fig.21.
Drawings of a wooden toilet for a summer residence
The toilet cabin for a summer residence may have a different appearance, but in design it is always the same type. It is made of wooden beams using frame technology. First, a frame is assembled from bars, and then sheathed with clapboard or any other material.
Fig.22.
Fig.23.
Fig.24.
A timber 60x80, 80x80 or 100x100 mm is well suited for the frame. You can use a beam of a smaller section, but then you need to put several diagonal jumpers for the stability of the structure.
Fig.25.
Fig.26.
A frame toilet for a summer residence begins to be built from the assembly of the base from 4 bars 1.5 m long. Next, vertical racks are installed. Be sure to install racks for the door. The distance between the posts should be equal to the width of the door with the frame. As rafters, you can use a board 40x120 mm. A board 20-25 mm thick is laid on top of the rafters, a profiled sheet is laid on top of it.
Fig.27.
Fig.28.
How to make a hood in the toilet in the country
For a summer toilet, it is important to provide a window above the door, this will be the ventilation of the toilet and the source of lighting. Do not glaze this window otherwise the toilet will be hot and smelly.
Fig.29.
Fig.30.
How to sheathe a toilet for a summer residence outside
Outside, to protect against rain, the frame of the toilet cubicle can be sheathed with any material, for example, profiled sheeting or siding. However, the most popular material is lining or block house. For the roof of the toilet, any roofing material is used, for example, profiled sheet.
Fig.31.
Fig.33.
Fig.34.
Toilet seat in the country
Various designs can be used as a seat, from a platform to a hole in the floor. In my opinion, it is most convenient to use a special toilet seat in the country.
Fig.35.
Fig.36.
Fig.37.
Odorless cottage toilet
There are several options for organizing a toilet for an odorless cottage: a dry closet, a peat toilet, a cesspool and a septic tank. All these options differ in cost, complexity of maintenance and labor intensity of construction.
Chemical dry closet in the country
A dry closet is a type of toilet that does not require a sewerage system. Waste products accumulate in a special tank.
Fig.38.
Chemical dry closets are equipped with a tank for waste accumulation and flushing, water and deodorizing liquid are poured into the flushing tank, and a disinfectant-splitting liquid is added to the waste tank. The use of such a toilet is almost the same as the city one.
Fig.39.
The advantage of chemical dry closets is autonomy, and, therefore, it is possible to install them anywhere, including in the house, and not build a special structure.
Fig.40.
Fig.41.
The disadvantage is the need for constant waste disposal. It should be noted that not all chemical liquids allow waste to be discharged into the soil, which means that you will have to have a special place for waste disposal.
Finnish toilet for a summer residence
A peat toilet for a summer residence differs from chemical ones in a simpler design. They do not use chemicals in their work. Structurally, peat toilets are a small tank with a liquid drainage mechanism. To split the waste after each use, it is necessary to pour a little peat into the toilet.
Fig.42.
Fig.48. A septic tank is an autonomous sewer system for a home. Due to the complexity of installation and the need for year-round use, they are usually used in country houses. Sewage getting into the septic tank is subject to decomposition. A septic tank does not require regular cleaning.
Given the complexity of installation and the cost of equipment, septic tanks are usually used in year-round country houses.
Fig.49.
We considered all possible options for toilets for summer cottages. Despite the abundance of options, the septic tank and the traditional outdoor toilet for summer cottages are most widely used. The septic tank is good for its autonomy and the ability to organize a full-fledged sewerage system. Typically, a septic tank is used in country houses and year-round cottages. If the dacha is visited only in the summer, then the easiest way to organize a toilet is the village version. For a village toilet, it is necessary to install a cesspool, the role of which is usually played by a barrel, and build a booth on top. Usually the cabin is built of wood. If you decorate the toilet house well, then in addition to fulfilling its intended purpose, it will also be a wonderful decoration of the site.
Even if the dacha is just a bare piece of land without a single building, you still can’t do without the main thing - the toilet. The need for this uncomplicated building arises after a few hours of staying at their summer cottage. Despite the fact that we all imagine how a toilet should look like and what needs to be done, it’s still not worth rushing. First of all, you should study the site in order to understand what type of country toilet can be built in a particular case, because there are several of them. Then you need to decide where exactly you can put the toilet, while observing sanitary rules and regulations. And only after that you can proceed directly to the construction. There is nothing complicated in making a country toilet with your own hands. However, it is not necessary to make a toilet box yourself. The modern market can offer ready-made toilet houses for every taste. In this article, we will analyze the instructions on how to make a toilet with your own hands, starting with choosing the type of toilet and ending with making a house.
What kind of toilet in the country can be equipped - types and features
In a well-equipped dacha, where there is a house and you can actually live, it is advisable to have two toilets - one in the house and the second on the street. The toilet in the house is convenient to use at night or in bad weather when it rains. Still, the house is warmer and more comfortable. An outdoor toilet for a summer residence is necessary in order to use it during the day after gardening work on the site and not carry dirt from the street into the house.
In total, there are several types of toilets that can be used in the country:
- Outdoor toilet with a cesspool.
- Powder closet.
- Backlash closet.
- Dry closet.
- Chemical toilet.
The choice of toilet is influenced by such an indicator as the level of groundwater. If the water is far away (deeper than 2.5 m) and never rises above this mark, even during the rainy season or spring floods, then any of the proposed toilet options can be used. If the groundwater level is high, the water is close to the surface, then it is impossible to equip a toilet with a cesspool.
Outdoor pit toilet- the good old time-tested design. It is a cesspool up to 1.5 m deep, on top of which there is a toilet house. Impurities in the pit accumulate and gradually decompose. If the intensity of use of such a toilet is high, then the filling of the pit occurs rapidly, the sewage does not have time to ferment. Previously, such a problem was solved simply - they rented a toilet house, dug in an old hole, and dug a new one in another place and put a toilet on top. Now they prefer to clean cesspools either with the help of a sewage machine or manually.
Powder closet- a toilet option for areas where water is close. In its design there is no cesspool at all. Instead, a container (bucket, barrel, box) is used, which is installed immediately under the toilet seat. So that sewage does not remind too much of itself with an unpleasant odor, after each trip to the toilet they are sprinkled with dry peat, sawdust or ash. The process itself resembles powdering, from which the name of this type of toilet "powder-closet" came from. After filling, the container is taken out and emptied into a compost pit, heap or other place. Over time, sewage, sprinkled with peat, will turn into a wonderful fertilizer.
play closet- a toilet with a sealed cesspool, which is cleaned with a cesspool machine. Usually backlash closets are equipped directly in the house next to the outer wall of the house. The cesspool is located outside, sewage enters it through a pipe. The pit itself has a slope away from the house for easy cleaning.
dry closet- a booth familiar to urban residents with a container into which active microorganisms are poured to process sewage. Probably the easiest way to equip a toilet in the country, since you don’t need to build anything - you can buy a ready-made dry closet of any size, both outdoor and home.
chemical toilet differs from a dry closet only by means of sewage processing. Chemical reagents are used here, so the contents of the container after processing cannot be used as fertilizer in the garden, unlike a dry closet.
peat toilet- This is a homemade version of powder closet. In fact, the powder closet is also a peat toilet, because in it peat is used to powder feces. The home peat toilet is a modernized achievement of civilization. It is very similar to an ordinary toilet, only in the water tank instead of water there is dry peat, and instead of sewer pipes, a sewage container.
Such a toilet can be safely installed inside the house. To eliminate unpleasant odors, ventilation is provided in its design, which must be taken outside.
The choice of a toilet for a summer residence depends entirely on your personal preferences and on the conditions that dictate the rules of SanPin.
There are certain restrictions on the placement of an outdoor toilet. First of all, they concern those toilets in which sewage can come into contact with soil and groundwater.
- There must be at least 25 m from the toilet to the water source. Whether it is a well, well, lake, stream or other water body. If the summer cottage is located under a certain slope, then the toilet must be installed below the source of water intake. This will prevent effluents from entering drinking water.
Important! Please note that you should consider not only your source of water, but also the nearest neighbors.
- From the toilet to the house and the cellar or basement there should be at least 12 m.
- From a summer shower or bath, sauna at least 8 m.
- The distance from the building for keeping animals to the toilet should be 4 m.
- From tree trunks - 4 m, from shrubs - 1 m.
- From the fence to the toilet should be at least 1 m.
- Also, the wind rose must be taken into account when choosing the place and location of the outdoor toilet, so as not to annoy either yourself or your neighbors with unpleasant amber.
- The door to the toilet should not open towards the neighbors.
- If the groundwater is below 2.5 m, then any outdoor toilet can be equipped. If it is higher than 2.5 m, then a toilet with a cesspool cannot be made, only a powder closet or backlash closet, and dry closets can also be installed. Such structures are safe in the sense that sewage cannot enter the groundwater and pollute it.
Please note that when choosing a place for a toilet, you need to focus on objects not only on your site, but also on the neighbor's. This applies to trees, and sheds, and houses, and everything else. For toilets of the powder-closet and backlash-closet types, the above restrictions do not apply, since sewage does not come into contact with the ground in them. The only thing that will have to be considered when placing them is the wind rose and ease of use.
Do-it-yourself toilet in the country - instructions for building a powder closet
It’s not so difficult to equip a country toilet with your own hands, it’s enough to have basic carpentry skills, engineering thinking and stock up on the help of a friend. Let's consider an example of building a toilet in a country house like a powder closet. As we already wrote, its peculiarity is that there is no cesspool under the toilet. And this makes the task much easier. Firstly, such a toilet can be located next to a residential building. Secondly, the construction technology itself is somewhat easier; you don’t have to dig a foundation pit. Thirdly, groundwater pollution is excluded.
The construction of the toilet must begin with a drawing so that all elements and details have the appropriate dimensions, and not by eye. Due to the fact that there is no cesspool in the powder closet, only the design of the toilet house will be shown in the drawing.
Schematically powder closet can be represented as follows:
The dimensions of the toilet are selected so that it is convenient to use. For example, the most common size: width 1.5 m, depth 1 m, height 2.2 m. Dimensions can be increased if the dimensions of the owners require it. The material for making a toilet can be different: the most common are wooden toilets, but you can sheathe the walls with a metal profile, slate or other material, as well as build brick walls.
Country wooden toilet - sectional drawing.
Example 1.
Example 2.
You can use the ready-made drawing, or you can make your own. The main thing is compliance with the dimensions during construction.
Foundation and support for the toilet
A country toilet is a structure that does not require a heavy foundation. In some sources, you may come across a proposal to fill a strip foundation under the toilet. In fact, this is superfluous, especially if the toilet is wooden. A support for a toilet house can be made in two ways: the first is to bury the pillars, the second to lay bricks or concrete blocks around the perimeter.
As pillars-supports, you can use both a wooden beam or a log, and concrete columns. The latter are more resistant to aggressive environments and will last longer.
- First of all, we mark the area. It is extremely important to accurately determine the angles of the structure.
- We take 4 asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of 150 mm and coat them outside with bituminous mastic.
- In the corners of the toilet house, we dig wells and bury the pipes to a depth of 50 - 70 cm. The depth of the pipes may be more, it depends on the structure of the soil. Can be made 90cm or 1m.
- To a height of 1/3 of the pipe, they must be poured with concrete mortar. Carefully compact the concrete to remove air bubbles.
- Inside the pipes we insert wooden or concrete pillars-supports. To fix them, add concrete mortar.
Support pillars in this case can also act as a vertical part of the frame, i.e. they must be driven to a height of 2.3 m from the ground. It is also necessary to constantly check that the location of the pillars is even relative to the corners.
There are cases when it is enough to fix concrete blocks or bricks as a support, on which the frame will then be installed. In this case, it is necessary to remove the top layer of soil to a depth of 20 - 30 cm and compact the base tightly. For greater reliability, a layer of sand can be covered at the bottom. Concrete blocks, bricks or concrete curbs are installed on top.
We make the frame of an outdoor toilet
The frame of a country toilet can be made from a wooden bar 50x50 mm or 80x80 mm. It is not necessary to take a thicker and more massive timber 100x100 mm and more. You can also use metal corners.
The frame should be a structure:
- 4th bearing vertical supports.
- Toilet roof lining. The longitudinal bars for the roof should protrude 30 - 40 cm beyond the toilet body. In front, the canopy will serve as a visor, and in the back - to drain rainwater away from the toilet.
- Strapping or screed at the level of the future toilet seat. Usually, the strapping bars of the toilet seat are attached to the bearing vertical supports. The height of the toilet seat should be comfortable - 40 cm from the floor of the toilet.
- Diagonal struts for structural strength on the rear and side walls of the toilet.
- Frame for fastening the door. Two vertical supports to a height of up to 1.9 m and a horizontal lintel on top at the same height.
Be sure to calculate the height of the toilet seat, as too high a seat will be uncomfortable, especially if there are short people among the owners. Indicate at what level the final floor in the toilet will be, and set aside 38 - 40 cm from it upwards. Please note that on top of the strapping there will be a sheathing 20 - 25 mm thick.
We sheathe the body of the toilet, make the roof
Further construction of the country toilet is to sheathe the frame. Since wooden toilets are always popular due to their original beauty, convenience and comfort, the walls of the country toilet can be sheathed with wooden boards.
Wooden boards 15 - 25 mm thick are nailed to the frame, tightly fitting them to each other. Boards must be placed vertically. Since the roof will be sloped towards the rear wall, the upper part of the sheathing boards will have to be carefully cut at an angle.
Instead of wood, you can use sheets of corrugated board, slate or other material. They are much easier to work with, as you only need three sheets for the back and two side walls. But in such a toilet it is much less comfortable to be than in a wooden one. And all because there is no natural moisture and air exchange through the walls.
On the back wall of the toilet, it is necessary to make a door through which it will be possible to remove the container with sewage. Usually it is made over the entire width of the back wall to a height of 40 cm (up to the height of the toilet seat). Such a door is fixed on hinges. You can make it from the same wooden boards.
The roof of a country toilet is usually covered with the same material as all the buildings on the site so that the buildings do not stand out from the composition. You can use sheets of corrugated board or metal tiles. A hole must be made in the roof for the ventilation pipe, which should then be carefully sealed.
If you want to make the roof of the toilet wooden, then it must be covered with roofing felt or other rolled material so that the tree does not get wet.
We hang the door
The door for a country toilet is usually made of wood. We hang the door on hinges. The number of hinges 2 or 3 depends on the severity and massiveness of the door. The heavier the door, the more hinges should be. The mechanism for closing the door to the toilet, everyone does as he likes: a latch, a hook, a latch or a wooden latch. A latch must also be installed inside the toilet.
A window should be made above the door through which natural light can penetrate. Usually it is made as close to the roof as possible so that water does not get inside during rain. The window can be glazed, then neither rain nor insects that often fly through such windows will be terrible. What a country wooden toilet looks like can be seen in the photo.
Country toilet: photos - examples
We equip the toilet seat
The seat or toilet seat in the country toilet is made of wooden boards, lining or moisture-resistant plywood. It is better to use pure wood without additives, so we exclude plywood. The frame of the future toilet seat was made at the stage of arranging the frame, so now it is enough to carefully sheathe it with wooden boards and paint it. In the middle we cut a hole through which we will relieve ourselves. Be sure to check at what depth from the beginning of the toilet seat a hole should be made so that it is convenient to use it.
Under the toilet seat we install a container for sewage with a volume of 20 to 40 liters. By the way, the toilet seat cover can be made reclining on hinges, or it can be stationary.
We hang a container for peat on the wall in a convenient place. At the bottom we put a bucket for toilet paper. A washbasin can be installed inside the toilet, if the dimensions of the building allow it. Then we install a bucket for slops under the washbasin.
How to build a toilet in a country house with a cesspool
The construction of a pit latrine is somewhat more complicated, as a waste pit will have to be equipped. The toilet house for this type of toilet is no different, so we will not touch it. We will only indicate how to make communications. The diagram shows how the cesspool should be located relative to the toilet house. Based on this, we carry out the marking of the site and proceed to earthworks.
- We dig a cesspool with a slope towards the rear wall of the toilet with a depth of 1.5 m.
- We tamp the bottom and walls of the pit with clay with a layer of 15 - 25 cm. Some people make the walls of the pit from wood, brick or concrete instead of clay. If the groundwater is at a sufficient depth, then it is not necessary to make the walls of the cesspool completely airtight. Enough clay castle.
- We knock down the base for the toilet from a wooden bar 100x100 mm. You can also use a sidewalk curb or concrete blocks, laying them on the ground. If you use a wooden beam, then it must be treated with an antiseptic.
- Above the cesspool we equip the flooring from the boards. First, we knock down the frame of the bars. We make such a distance between them that it is convenient to clean the pit. Please note that the flooring is done outside the toilet house, there is free space under the house of sufficient size for sewage to fall into the pit.
- The flooring must be upholstered from below with roofing material or other rolled material.
- Behind the toilet we install a hatch, which is a hinged lid. The hatch will be used when clearing the pit. We treat the wooden hatch with an antiseptic.
- We lay the ventilation pipe from the pit. We install it next to the back wall of the toilet, display it 70 - 100 cm above the roof of the toilet. For these purposes, you can use a regular sewer pipe. We fix a visor on top of the pipe so that water and debris do not get inside. We fix the pipe to the back wall with clamps. The bottom edge of the ventilation pipe should be 15 - 20 cm below the level of the toilet floor.
- A toilet house is installed on top.
- Around the toilet with a cesspool, it is imperative to make a blind area and drain rainwater so that it does not flood the sewage pit.
If in the future it is planned to clean the cesspool with the help of a sewage truck, then the toilet must be located on the site so that the car can drive up to a sufficient distance. Remember, the sleeve of such a machine is only 7 m.
Country toilet backlash-closet and its features
Most often, a country toilet of the backlash-closet type is installed next to a residential building or inside the house. The sewer pit is located outside the building, behind its walls. A toilet of this type can only be built where it is possible to heat the sewage pit in winter. If they don’t use the toilet in winter, then before the end of the season, the cesspool must be completely cleaned.
The main difference between the backlash closet and other types of toilets is that the cesspool in it is completely sealed and is regularly cleaned with a sewer machine. Here are a few differences in the construction of a backlash closet:
- A sealed pit so that sewage does not soak into the ground. You can fill a pit of concrete, make it out of brick and plaster, or you can use ready-made plastic containers - caissons.
- There must be a ventilation pipe from the cesspool. It must be carried out through the chimney of the stove or fireplace. In turn, a pipe should go from the chimney into a pit through which warm air will flow. This is necessary so that the pit does not freeze. The material of the exhaust pipe is asbestos-cement or ceramic.
- If the house does not have a conventional stove or fireplace, but only gas heating, then the cesspool must be heated using a low-power electric heater.
- A cover / hatch is made over the pit. To prevent the lid from freezing, it is made double: the upper one is metal or cast iron, and the lower one is wooden. Between the covers we lay heat-insulating material.
- The slope of the pit should be away from the house for easy cleaning.
Recently, peat toilets for summer cottages have become increasingly popular. Their convenience is that they can be safely placed in the house in any room. Peat toilets are easy to clean, practically do not emit a smell, even a fragile woman or an elderly person can cope with them. Also, such toilets can be made on the street, the same powder-closet is just the predecessor of the modern peat toilet.
Of fundamental importance in the construction of a toilet in a summer cottage is the choice of location, which is regulated by the provisions of the current regulatory documents.
In particular, the distance from the toilet to water sources (, well) is determined, which cannot be less than 25 m and must be located in a lowland.
Much depends on the occurrence of groundwater: the lower their level, the smaller the cesspool will have to be made.
A cesspool may generally be an unacceptable option in the event of a high occurrence of groundwater at the site chosen for the construction of the toilet. It is necessary to observe how the wind rose develops, to determine their main direction, so that specific smells do not create problems either in your or in neighboring areas.
The boundary distance is set strictly according to the current standards, which should be studied in advance, and construction should be carried out in full accordance with them. Otherwise, you may have to destroy the building and start over.
How to make a toilet in the country - the preparatory stage
After determining the location for the construction of an outdoor toilet, you can start selecting a design. There are recommendations regarding the optimal dimensions of the toilet, the height, width and depth of which, respectively, is 2.2 x 1 x 1.4 meters.
As for the form, everyone chooses their own option, among the most common yard toilet is a teremok, a house or a hut.
To perform the necessary work, you should purchase materials and tools, if they are not available on the farm. You will need:
- shovel with a short handle;
- scrap, and preferably a solid puncher (in the presence of heavy soil);
- a barrel or other container of 200 liters for a cesspool; you can also use a standard well ring with a diameter of 1m;
A shovel with a short handle is useful for digging a hole in which it is not easy to turn around with a longer tool. Hard ground (limestone, heavy clay, gravel, etc.) will require a rock drill, crowbar or pickaxe. For an electric tool, prepare a connection to the power source.
You can, of course, buy a ready-made toilet, from among those offered by hardware stores, but it will be more interesting to do it on your own. First of all, you need to make a sketch and drawing, not forgetting about ventilation and insulation. Then you can independently build a simple structure from the materials left over from the construction of a summer house or house, or purchase sandwich panels.
Before starting the construction of the toilet, it is necessary to prepare a cesspool. Its dimensions in depth depend on the presence of groundwater and the level of their occurrence. The diameter is determined arbitrarily, there are no special recommendations in this regard.
Work should begin in good weather, when there is no rain. It is advisable to get to the bottom of the sand so that all liquid fractions can quickly be absorbed into it.
The pit must be well cleaned, leveled and compacted its bottom. Then a barrel made of any metal or plastic is directly installed, although it should be borne in mind that the service life of such a pit will not be very long.
Concrete rings for the cesspool look much more preferable. Of course, this is not possible without the use of a crane. No worse is the storage equipment by laying stone or brick, which is reinforced with reinforcement or reinforced mesh, followed by a waterproofing layer and plastering. The conditions for the future use of the toilet will prompt an acceptable option for a cesspool.
How to make a wooden country toilet - device process
The device of the toilet house itself begins with marking and drilling holes, where the posts will be located, which will act as supports.
Toilet foundation
In the case of using the toilet throughout the year, it is necessary to make a foundation deepened below the point to which. The shape of a rectangle is usually used.
Toilet frame
In our case, it is mounted from wood, preferably from a bar, selected according to predetermined dimensions. The outer skin of the structure may not be enough, so it is necessary to strengthen the frame from the inside with braces or scarves.
Toilet seat for a country toilet
The cross bars are mounted at a height of about half a meter - they will be used as the base for the toilet seat.
Toilet roof
Since the toilet has small dimensions, it is therefore possible to lay a roof without using a log. For the roof, you can use materials with almost no restrictions. The only consideration that should be taken into account is that it is desirable to create a single architectural ensemble on the site. Then for the roof of the toilet you need to use the same material as for the house. The last remark concerns the tile covering, which requires the strengthening of the roof frame.
Wall cladding and flooring
For lining the toilet inside and out, an ordinary lining or any other available material is quite suitable. Next, the door is hung, and the floors are laid, which, to your taste, can be made of wood, followed by painting, or lay ceramic tiles on a concrete base.
Exhaust ventilation
Usually located on the back wall of the structure, the ventilation pipe should be brought out above the roof level. In the year-round toilet, today they even equip a small patch for heating.
Do not neglect the rules during the construction of a country toilet, even if it is a simple building, nevertheless, it is very important.
As practice shows, you can build a toilet in a summer cottage on your own, without resorting to outside help.
Construction of a country toilet (form - teremok)
One of the options on how to build a toilet-house for a summer residence on your own, step-by-step photos shared by a craftsman on the house and cottage forum.
Do-it-yourself country toilet - video
Step-by-step instructions for beginners without experience in construction.
Scheme and drawing of a country toilet
