How to fix the insulation on a pitched roof from the inside. Roof insulation. Subtleties of the device and roof insulation. Video about the insulation of truss systems

In houses with attic roofs, the roof serves as a reliable protection of the entire building from the effects of precipitation.

And sometimes attic spaces are used as living quarters, namely on attic-type roofs.

note

If the attic or attic is used as living quarters, then an insulating layer must be laid along the slopes of the attic roof.

Thermal insulation provides:

• corrosion resistance;
• sanitary and environmental safety;
• long-term preservation of heat in the room;
• condensation protection;
• noise protection;
• frost protection;
• heat protection.

Roof insulation materials

In general, all thermal insulation materials can be divided into:

• porous (or porous-fibrous), which contain communicating gas cavities.
• cellular, which contain insulated gas cavities: polyurethane foam; expanded polystyrene; polyethylene foam; foamed rubber.

It is customary to use the following types of insulation:

• Polyfoam (expanded polystyrene), which with a big stretch can be called a heat-insulating material due to the complexity of high-quality insulation.

• Minvatu. Mineral wool insulation can contain staple fiberglass or rock. From experience I will say that the material with stone inclusions, namely basalt insulation, has the highest quality thermal insulation properties.

note

In my work, I never use and do not recommend using foam or fiberglass-based mineral wool. We insulate only with basalt stone rock heaters, because we are solely responsible for the work performed and guarantee their maximum quality.

Features of basalt heaters

Basalt heaters - belong to the group of mineral wool heaters and are made from various stone rocks.

Stone wool is made up of the finest fibers, chaotically connected to each other and forming cells filled with air, therefore, the material is characterized by low density and increased content inside the air.

The advantages of basalt insulation

• High thermal insulation qualities. Heat exchange between the cold and warm sides of the structure is noticeably reduced.
• Quite good soundproofing of the premises.
• Durability and easy installation. Basalt heaters are not afraid of temperature effects and do not shrink.
• Basalts have an incombustibility class NG (fireproof frame). This means that by winning 15-30 minutes from the fire, many lives can be saved.

• This is the most common thermal insulation in Russia. Factories producing basalt insulation are scattered throughout the country in great variety.
• Basalt insulation is the most environmentally friendly compared to other heaters.
• Hydrophobic qualities. Stone wool fibers are naturally water-repellent; in addition, specialized additives are used in the production that can enhance their water-repellent properties.

note

And yet, you must understand that at any stage of construction, if water is available to the mineral wool insulation, soon the mineral wool will stop working, since basalt will crumple under the influence of water and lose its thermal insulation properties.

For this, steam and waterproofing is used.

Subtleties of the thermal insulation process

In the process of roof insulation, there are several basic insulation structures:

• between the rafters,
• under the rafters,
• over the rafter structure,
• in a combined way.

Insulation between the rafters

This method is the most widely used.

Remember:

1. When installing a roof with single-layer ventilation and laying a diffusion film, a layer of insulation is installed over the entire height of the rafter. If anti-condensation (microperforated) under-roofing films are used in the insulation, then the thickness of the insulation will be 5-10 cm less than the height of the rafter legs.

2. To avoid the formation of cold bridges, layers of insulation must be laid with a shift of the joints of the slabs at least half of their length.

3. It is necessary to seal insulating materials at their joints, avoiding cracks;

4. For ease of installation and quality control of insulation with a thickness of 200 mm, it is better to use 2 slabs of 100 mm than 4 slabs of 50 mm;

Attention

Use maximum insulation thickness!

Possible insulation defect:

• loose adhesion of thermal insulation to the lateral surfaces of the rafter legs

As a warning, it is worth laying insulation, the width of the canvas is 10 - 15 mm larger than the free distance between the rafter legs, or, if the rafters are not set parallel, cut trapezoidally.

• insufficient ventilation of thermal insulation

Adequate and consistent clearance is required to avoid this.

Insulation under the rafters

This method of insulating roofs of residential premises is rarely used.

Advantages

• sufficiently high reliability

disadvantages

• decreases the internal area of ​​the room

Insulation over the rafter structure

This type of insulation is used mainly for the insulation of metal structures where there are metal rafters.

Advantages

• there are no breaks and gaps in the thermal circuit;
• the supporting elements of the roof arrive at a constant temperature and humidity, the metal rafters are not subject to temperature fluctuations and do not deform
• internal space does not decrease

Disadvantages:

• the complexity of installation work on complex roofs
• the need to use protective coatings for metal structures and wood.

Roof insulation in a combined way

Attention

This is the most effective type of insulation

The combined method includes insulation according to the scheme between the rafters and over the rafters. At the same time, the so-called "cold bridges" - unaccounted for cold streams, are completely excluded.

When building or renovating a private house, arranging the roof is one of the most important stages. If it is improperly designed, then precipitation will accumulate on it, which will be an unnecessary load and will contribute to the deterioration of the roofing material. If the roof is not laid correctly, then moisture will get into the seams and over time it will leak into the house, and if you do not insulate the roof from the inside, then the cold air will very quickly enter the room and will not allow it to be fully warmed up by any means, that is, to live in such conditions round year will be impossible.

Physical factors: impact

Any house that is used for housing must meet certain requirements in order to live in it cozy and comfortable. It is important to lay the foundation correctly so that the house does not shrink or crack, insulate it and erect a roof. The choice of coverage is very important, since it determines the weight that applies to the house, the time to complete the floor work and the cost. In addition to all this, it is necessary to take care of the insulation of the inner side of the roof so that the structure of the house remains as reliable as possible, and the residents feel comfortable at any time of the year.

In different climatic conditions, various factors affect buildings.

For our latitudes, the following will be characteristic:

• rainfall;
• snow, groats and similar phenomena;
• hail;
• icing of the roof;
• active sun;
• strong wind.

To withstand all these negative factors, the roof must be covered with sufficiently dense materials that can reliably protect the house for many years.

A private house is a structure that consists of a main floor and an attic. If the roof is not insulated, then through the ceiling up to 15% of the heat leaves the room in cold weather, which makes it necessary to intensively heat the rooms. In addition, having an insulated attic, this space, if desired, can be made residential and used as rooms for a specific purpose. In a large family, this is ideal.

Processes inside

In order to properly insulate a private house and make the roof a full-fledged protective mechanism for both the main room and the attic, you need to be able to choose the right material for insulation. Usually, the selection is based on the physical processes taking place inside, under the roof.

The most important are several.

• Heat exchange, which occurs due to different temperatures in the house and outside. If the roof is not insulated, then some of the heat escapes through the roof, and the insulation prevents this process and maintains the optimal temperature in the room.
• Moisture exchange, which arises from the person himself, his breathing, vapors from body temperature to cooking processes, when vapors rise to the ceiling, carrying particles of moisture that are removed through the roof. If the roof is insulated, the humidity level remains optimal and unwanted odors can be removed with ventilation.

When insulating the roof, you can protect yourself from temperature changes inside the room, because the insulation has its own temperature, which is often slightly higher than that outside, and does not allow the heat of the building to go outside, which will eliminate the need for additional heating, which requires reserve funds.

Insulation layer helps to avoid condensation, which is formed upon contact of hot and cold air, therefore laying it together with a heater will help preserve its appearance and performance. Correctly performed work increases the service life of the building almost twice and minimizes the need for repair work every year.

Necessity or whim?

A private home often has a pitched roof that forms an attic space over the main residential floor. If there is no insulation, then living in such conditions will be very uncomfortable due to the lack of heat in the cold season. If the attic is made in the form of a residential floor - the same attic, then the insulation process should be mandatory.

Any roofing material will not be able to protect as well as foam, mineral wool or other types of coatings. In addition to the insulation itself, it is important to use a vapor barrier film that will cope with all kinds of fumes.

If you ignore the installation of an insulation coating, then in addition to the cold in the house, problems with the roof rafter system will begin very soon, which will rot and there will be a risk of collapse. The same effect can be observed with the wrong installation technology or inaccurate choice of insulation. If it is wrong to choose the thickness of the insulation while standing, then instead of protection, the opposite effect will be provided. Under normal conditions, with a temperature difference, protection against condensation and heat removal is carried out, which makes it possible to feel comfortable in any weather.

If the thickness is broken and a thin insulation is chosen, then an excessively large amount of condensation will form on it, which will contribute to the rapid decay of the rafters and the violation of the microclimate of the room.

Failure to comply with standards is dangerous for both health and safety as the roof structure could collapse. The choice of material that needs to be insulated depends on a wide variety of factors that are important to consider in order to be able to independently establish what you need. If you have difficulties with the choice of insulation or its installation, it is better to turn to professionals and get comprehensive advice and assistance in installation.

Roof Pie: What Is It?

A properly constructed roof involves a large number of layers of different materials that are stacked on top of each other, which resembles a pie - hence the name. The basis of the construction "pie" is the rafters, on which all other layers are already being laid.

In order to lay out all the layers correctly, it is important to know their correct sequence, which looks like this:

• Roof.
• The lathing on which the installation of finishing materials will be carried out. It can be laid flat or with gaps.
• Counter-lattice in the form of bars, which serves to ventilate the space under the roof itself.
• Waterproofing film.
• Materials for thermal insulation.
• A layer of material for vapor barrier.
• Creation of the batten, where the insulating materials and inner lining are mounted.
• Interior cladding material.

If you lay the "pie" correctly, you can avoid the loss of heat from the dwelling in the cold season, and it will also help from overheating the space in intense heat. The waterproofing layer will help protect the insulation from moisture coming from the outside, and the vapor barrier layer will protect against all kinds of fumes.

Pitched roof - a fairly common type, therefore, it will not be difficult for her to find all the necessary materials. A positive aspect of high attics is the convenience of insulating them and the ability to equip a full-fledged living space.

It will be extremely unpleasant to be in it without additional work - it is very cold in winter and too hot in summer.

Requirements for materials and their functions

To carry out quality work, you must choose the right materials. It will depend on them how accurately it will turn out to make comfortable living conditions and secure the roof supports. The choice will depend on the region where the building is located, its size, purpose, as well as the funds that are available for the purchase of materials.

There are four main methods of insulation.

• Use of mineral wool, which is the most commonly used material due to its properties. It is best to purchase the basalt variety. It is advisable to obtain a quality certificate in the store in order to know for sure that the products are safe and meet all norms and standards. There are varieties that are lighter in weight, they are suitable for work in conditions of independent insulation of the room. The positive qualities of cotton wool can be considered a non-combustible composition and repulsion of moisture, which corresponds to the main task of this layer. In addition, rodents do not like it, which means that you do not have to worry that someone may start in the house, especially on the roof.

Of the minuses, a rather high cost can be noted, but it is fully compensated by the positive aspects.

• The use of glass wool. Some time ago, this material was considered the main material for roof insulation, but because of some dangerous properties, safer analogues were found very soon. The thermal insulation of the glass wool is not bad and the efficiency is very high. When working with such material, it is very important to follow all safety rules, namely to use a protective suit, gloves, glasses. It is important to close the nasopharynx and eyes so that no pieces of glass dust get into them.

People with allergies will not be able to live in such a house, so you need to be able to choose the right type of internal insulation coating.

• Polymeric roof insulation- these are special tiles made of polystyrene and expanded polystyrene. They have both advantages and disadvantages. This is an inexpensive option, because anyone can afford it, but if you understand the cons, then you should think carefully about purchasing such insulation. These materials are highly flammable, and when they burn, they emit a large amount of smoke, which is very dangerous for humans.

Usually, this type is resorted to when other options cannot be used.

• Warming with expanded clay. This material is very often used for floor insulation and has good thermal insulation properties, but it is very difficult to use it for the roof due to the heavy installation. Usually, only experienced workers can cope with it to make the internal insulation of the ceiling in the house.

If we consider alternative options, then among them there is polyurethane foam, which can be used in two states - in the form of plates and foam. It is advisable not to take plates for arranging the ceiling, because it is inconvenient to work with them and they have a very high cost. At the same time, liquid or foamed polyurethane is easy to apply and has a number of advantages. With its help, it is possible to fill voids of any shape and size, cracks and lines of openings are very well clogged. If the rest of the materials need to be cut and to achieve maximum fit, then in this case the foam itself lays down, the main thing is to distribute it correctly and evenly.

It is very convenient to use foam for slate roofs or broken structures when there are many drops on the roof and the frame has significant differences. Another significant advantage can be considered autonomy from hydro and thermal insulation, which are not needed for polyurethane foam. In addition, the material has excellent combustibility properties, which ensures the safety of the home.

How to choose?

When choosing a material for insulation, it is important to understand what exactly is worth paying attention to, what indicators will play a decisive role in the selection of a particular type.

The main criteria are:

• Mass of material. Heavy insulation will serve as an additional mass on the house itself, which will affect both the roof rafters and the building as a whole. If the house is built of high-quality bricks or foam blocks, then reinforced insulation can be allowed, but in this case you need to make the rafters more powerful so that they can withstand a lot of weight.
• Thermal conductivity index. The lower the numbers, the better for the roofing material. If the indicator is approximately equal to 0.04 W / m * s, then this will be the best option.
• Indicator of resistance to adverse environmental factors.
• The density of the material, which affects the heat transfer of the material. If the density is low, the porosity of the insulation increases, which reduces thermal conductivity and leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties.

• Ability to absorb moisture. In order to repel moisture, any insulation can be treated with a hydrophobic substance. Some materials are already sold with this impregnation.
• Flammability indicators, which is the most important factor for arranging a roof.
• Ability to resist low temperature levels.
• Resistant to chemical elements.
• Environmental friendliness of the material.

Having considered all these indicators, the best option would be to use mineral and glass wool. Glass and mineral wool is sold in the form of rolls or slabs. It is safer to insulate with mineral wool, because it is more resistant to fire.

If we consider modern insulation, the most progressive technology will be roof sheathing with foam flex. It is a durable and lightweight unit that can be easily installed on any surface, be it a wall or ceiling. You can cut off the desired piece with an ordinary knife.

In addition, the storage conditions of penoflex, which can be outside at any temperature, are also distinctive, but it is better to have packaging on it.

It is convenient to use polystyrene foam, which is also called penoplex, in rooms with unfavorable conditions, because it is not afraid of them, and various microorganisms will not begin to develop in it. A very important feature is the environmental friendliness of this insulation. It does not emit any harmful odors and vapors and is completely harmless to both adults and children.

Preparation

To carry out insulation procedures, it is important to clearly understand which roof you have to work with. Having correctly determined the order of work, you can quickly and efficiently insulate the roof. It is worth considering the materials that will be at hand during work. It is important to clearly understand for yourself what exactly you have to work with and what to do.

If the process of warming has become fully understood, then you can cope with absolutely any roof, be it at a rural house or a large villa by the sea. In order to carry out insulation work, it is important to prepare the roof itself for this.

There is a specific procedure for this, which includes:

• inspection of the rafter system so that you can identify damaged boards in time and replace them;
• treatment of wooden structures with an antiseptic;
• checking communications if they are located under the roof. This applies to piping and wiring.

As soon as the roof is ready, you need to check the availability of all the materials with which the insulation will be made, prepare the tools, and only after that you can get to work. The workflow has its own rules and patterns that you need to know in order not to make mistakes and get a good and high-quality result.

Step by step process: how to do it?

In order for the work to proceed quickly and efficiently, it is important to prepare well, read the articles on the topic, watch videos in order to clearly see what is being done and why in the process of working on the internal insulation of the roof.

The algorithm for carrying out the work is reduced to four points.

• Installation of a waterproofing layer. This task should be done at the time of covering with roofing material. The waterproofing is installed along the rafters so that there is a slight sagging. Slate house involves laying this material immediately for insulation. It is important to install the waterproofing correctly - its smooth side should be on top. The strips of material must be sealed with tape so that gaps do not form over time. Only after that counter-rails are stuffed onto the rafters, to which the sheathing will be installed. On the finished boards and you need to lay the roofing material.
• Installation of thermal insulation. It is important to choose an insulating mat with the required thickness and place it between the rafters. The material is laid in a spacer or on a rough filing, which is made of small-width slats, fishing line and rope, which are attached with nails to the rafters. Insulation mats take up free space, and excess pieces are cut out.

If you need to insulate the room as efficiently as possible, the mats are stacked, shifting to the side with each row.

• Placement of a vapor barrier layer. This material consists of a smooth side, which is placed towards the insulation, and a rougher one, which is directed towards the building itself and takes steam emissions from the room. Laying such a film is an important point for its full-fledged work. The installation process takes place with a stapler. In this case, you can do without counter-lattice, but it is important to glue all the joints with adhesive tape.
• The process of installing profiles and guide bars. These materials serve as the basis for the installation of decorative elements and ventilation, which is necessary for the correct operation of the insulation.

The technology of work will be similar, be it a summer cottage, where the house has a flat floor, or a large country house, where a gable roof is built. The correct choice of materials and installation in the right sequence will give the desired result.

Attic floors

When choosing insulation for an attic floor, you need to take into account its thermal protection, strength and stable qualities in relation to adverse environmental phenomena. It is important to take into account the type of flooring, the material from which it is made. Concrete with wood has its own characteristics.

The process of installing insulation depends on the material if it is mineral wool, then it is better to use thick layers (about 20 cm), but if there is a desire to create increased thermal insulation, you can increase the thickness to 30 cm. Wool is laid only after the vapor barrier has been placed. It is best to lay it under an overlap made of boards or beams so that they do not absorb moisture and do not rot. If you could not put a solid piece of vapor barrier, you need to glue it with tape.

After that, work begins with insulation, which is placed in a wooden frame so as to fill all the free spaces. As soon as the mineral wool has been placed, the waterproofing is laid on top, which prevents the wool from absorbing excess wool. It is especially important to do this if the next step is to pour concrete, when the 2nd floor is planned in the building. Instead of concrete, you can make a flooring from OSB slabs. This is how you can insulate the attic and, if desired, make it a living space.

Stingrays

You can insulate the slopes in various ways, the choice of which depends on the design of the rafters, their height and the skills of the one who will work with the surface.

There are only three options for insulating a pitched roof:

• with thermal insulation, which is located between the rafters, the frame must be flush with the insulation;
• with thermal insulation between and above the rafters, the frame is wrapped on all sides with insulation;
• with thermal insulation between and under the rafters, the frame is not insulated.

It is best to insulate a pitched roof with mineral wool mats or with a fiberglass base. The roof can be installed both from the inside and outside. Only the layers and their stacking order will differ. During internal work, the roof is insulated with a waterproofing layer, on which the insulation material itself is already laid, and after that a vapor barrier tape is stretched.

A sloping roof is a special structure that you need to know how to properly insulate, especially if the whole procedure is done by hand. Knowing the technology and the correct arrangement of layers, you can get a high-quality roof covering that will protect the house from heat loss and moisture penetration and help create a comfortable microclimate inside.

Flat roof: features of work

If there is a need to insulate a flat roof, then the installation of the appropriate materials is often done after the roof has been installed. The work is carried out indoors, and after their completion, the height of the ceilings is significantly reduced, which is a tangible disadvantage with all the other advantages.

Before starting work, it is important to think over exactly how the attic will be illuminated.

We insulate a flat roof by stuffing bars along the entire length of the room, after which they need to be divided into squares, in which the heat-insulating material will be placed. You can hold it in the cells with a cord or gluing it to the surface, which is less desirable. The cord can be removed when all the gaps are covered with foam, which will hold the insulation in place.

The first layer should always be a heat-insulating layer, and the last - a vapor barrier, which in total will give the desired result of a dry and warm roof. If you do not use protective layers, then the insulation will very soon become unusable and will cease to perform its functions.

When the work with the insulation is over, you need to pay attention to the wiring. If it is present there, only then proceed with the installation of lamps and decorative finishing of the room.

If the attic is presented as a large and cold room, you can use different kinds of insulation, after which you can live in this room. It is possible to install thermal insulation material both during the construction of the roof and after that. If the roof is already covered with slate or other material, then the work is done from the inside, which changes the location of the layers during the installation of the insulation.

When building a private house, you should pay attention not only to the thermal protection of walls and floors, but also to the insulation of roof structures. The temperature and humidity conditions of the room, and even the service life of the structures, depend on the literacy of measures for insulating the roof. Work on the installation of thermal insulation material can be done by hand.

The need for insulation

From the school physics course, everyone knows that heated air rises up. If there is no thermal insulation, nothing prevents him from leaving the building. Because of this phenomenon, a large amount of heat loss occurs precisely through the roof or attic floors. Lack of adequate protection against cold and warm air loss can lead to the following problems:

• lowering the temperature in the room;
• increased heating costs in winter;
• condensation on the inner surface of the roof;
• the appearance of mold or mildew on the elements of the roof;
• destruction or damage to supporting structures, and bringing the house into an emergency condition.

Insulation of roof structures, as well as insulation of walls and ceilings during the construction of apartment buildings, must be checked by a state or private expert examination at the design stage. The thermal insulation of a private cottage is completely dependent on the future owner, no one checks its presence and a competent choice, but it does not lose its importance from this.

Warming methods

Do-it-yourself roof insulation largely depends on the roof design. There are two types of roofs: flat and pitched. Most often, flat roofs are used for the construction of multi-storey buildings, but it is possible to use it in the construction of a private cottage. Flat roofs can be constructed in two ways:

In the inversion, the order of the layers is changed. This technology is used when arranging an exploited roof. In both cases, the following can be used as a material for insulation:

• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• mineral wool (in slabs);
• expanded clay.

The latter is quite cheap, but has lower heat-shielding characteristics. In most cases, roof insulation is used from the outside. This allows you to simplify the installation process and make protection from the cold, competent from the point of view of heating technology.

The scheme of laying insulation between the rafters

It is necessary to remember about the strength of the material; additional measures will also be required to protect the insulation from mechanical damage.

When building a private house, the version with a pitched roof is most often used. It allows you to equip an attic or attic and has a more attractive appearance. Insulation of the roof of a wooden house or any other can be done in several ways:

• laying material between rafters (the most common);
• laying insulation on top of the rafters;
• fastening from the bottom of the rafters.

Material selection

Insulation of the roof of a wooden house or building made of other materials is carried out using the following materials:

Rarely used materials include:

• expanded clay;
• sawdust.

Roof insulation scheme with mineral wool

Bulk materials are used to protect from the cold outside. They have an attractive price, but they are rather difficult to install, so they are not widely used. Better to use more modern technology.

In general, materials for carrying out thermal protection measures must meet the requirements:

• safety, no harmful effects on humans;
• environmental friendliness;
• low weight to prevent excessive loads on the rafter system;
• resistance to creasing and sagging, sufficient strength and rigidity;
• sound insulation characteristics (especially important when using metal roofing);
• fire resistance (especially important for wood construction);
• if possible, good vapor permeability, which will provide additional ventilation of the room;
• good heat-shielding characteristics.

One of the most important characteristics of a material is its thermal conductivity. This value must be indicated by the manufacturer. The lower the value, the less insulation you need. In the absence of tightness in funds, it is better to choose materials such as mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. The values ​​of their thermal conductivity depend on the manufacturer and are in the range of 0.03-0.04 W / (m2 * ᵒС).

Thickness calculation

It is important not only to choose the right material for insulation, but also to correctly calculate its thickness. Insufficient will lead to condensation, and excessive means an irrational waste of money. You can select the value "by eye" based on general recommendations, for example, regardless of the type of roof (pitched or flat) for insulation with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene, a layer thickness of 150-200 mm is required.

It is best to perform a full-fledged heat engineering calculation that takes into account modern comfort requirements and allows you to find the perfect balance of cost and quality. For a specialist, performing such a calculation will not be difficult. A person far from construction can use examples of calculations or the Teremok program, which is freely available and is quite simple and understandable.

Competent calculations at the design stage are aimed at saving the budget and ensuring the reliability of thermal protection.

Their implementation will not take a lot of time, but will allow avoiding cost overruns during construction and additional costs for repairs during operation.

The process of insulating a flat roof

Depending on the type of roof, the insulation technology will be different. For flat roofs, the following order of layers is usually followed:

• supporting structure (most often reinforced concrete pavement);
• vapor barrier layer;
• thermal insulation material;
• cement-sand screed (reinforced for not strong materials);
• waterproofing carpet, which serves as a topcoat.

If absolutely necessary, work can be done from inside the room, but this method has several disadvantages:

• reducing the height of the room;
• dew point transfer inside the structure;
• inconvenience of work.

Heat protection for pitched roof

Before properly insulating the roof of the house, you need to figure out the order of work. The pitched roof in the overwhelming majority of cases is insulated between the rafters. Do-it-yourself roof insulation from the inside is quite a feasible task. It is important to observe the correct order of laying materials from the bottom up:

• interior decoration;
• lower lathing;
• vapor barrier;
• rafters with insulation between them;
• waterproofing;
• wind protection;
• lathing;
• roofing material.

When the thickness of the insulation is greater than the height of the rafter legs, counter-rails are installed. It is better to use modern diffusion membranes as wind protection and waterproofing.

Competent insulation, regardless of the type of roof, requires a careful approach. To avoid problems during operation, it is necessary to choose the correct thickness of the insulation, choose a reliable manufacturer and follow the installation technology. Fulfillment of these conditions will allow the roof to last for a long time and help maintain normal temperature and humidity conditions in the building.

We insulate the roof correctly: how to avoid mistakes

Roof insulation will create warmth in the house. How and what is better to insulate the roof of a private house, we will tell you in detail in this article.

Correct insulation of the roof of the house: technology and video

Insulation of the roof of a house is an important stage in the construction or overhaul of the roof. The choice of installation technology for the thermal insulation layer depends on the configuration of the roof, the type of insulation and the requirements for the room located directly under the roof.

The need for roof insulation

How to insulate the roof in order to significantly reduce the heat loss at home? First of all, you need to choose the right materials for insulation and adhere to the installation technology exactly. A high-quality insulated roof increases the thermal efficiency of the house by 15%, allows you to turn the attic into a room suitable for year-round living.

The highest requirements are imposed on the roof insulation of the residential attic of houses located in areas with cold winters. The roofing cake of summer lofts or exploited lofts may include a thinner layer of insulation. The roof, under which the unexploited attic is located, is usually not insulated - the insulation is mounted on the floor of the attic or the ceiling of living quarters. The non-insulated non-residential attic is well ventilated, which prevents rotting of the wooden elements of the roof frame.

When installing pitched and flat roofs, different methods of roof insulation are used.

Thermal insulation of a flat roof

How to make an insulated roof when installing a flat roof? It should be noted that a flat roof can be insulated both from the outside and from the inside.

The flat roof cake contains:

• vapor barrier;
• heat insulator;
• waterproofing layer made of rolled material;
• bulk layer (drainage + cement-sand mixture).

External insulation is most conveniently performed using mineral basalt wool. You can also use expanded polystyrene and other rigid insulation. It should be borne in mind that polymer insulation cannot be used when installing roofing with high fire safety requirements.

Insulation of a pitched roof

The roofing pie of the pitched roof is made with insulation along the rafters. It is important to figure out how to properly insulate the roof of a house in order to prevent mistakes that will ultimately lead to damage to wooden structures.

The most popular insulation in private housing construction is mineral wool. This is a non-combustible material that is easy to install and can be purchased at a low price. But the structure of the cotton wool itself contributes to the accumulation of moisture, which causes a significant decrease in the thermal insulation properties of the material, and also over time provokes rotting of the elements of the rafter system. Thus, when creating insulation, it is important to provide for proper ventilation and steam and waterproofing of the roofing cake.

Installation of a pitched roof heat insulator is carried out from the attic side during the construction or repair of the roof. If repair work is underway, before laying the insulation, it is necessary to check the condition of the rafters - rotting elements must be replaced with new ones. It is also worth treating all wooden structures with a fire retardant composition.

Pitched roof cake includes:

• finishing roofing;
• hydro-barrier (layer of waterproofing material);
• heat insulator;
• vapor barrier;
• interior decoration (optional).

Correct roof insulation requires high-quality air exchange, for which it is necessary to create air gaps between:

• under-roof waterproofing and roofing;
• insulation and hydro-barrier;
• vapor barrier and inner lining (if provided).

Air circulation (free inflow and removal) is ensured by special air vents, one of which must be located in the eaves of the roof, and the other under the ridge.

Pitched roof insulation materials

Roof insulation technology involves the use of various materials. The most popular heat insulators include mineral wool and glass wool (in slabs or rolls), plate polymer materials - polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene. The principles of their installation are similar, but it is worth noting that it is much easier and more convenient to mount the slab material.

As a waterproofing, roofing material or a waterproofing membrane is usually used, which is impervious to water, but capable of removing moisture from the insulation. The vapor barrier layer can be made of:

• roofing material;
• plastic film;
• glassine;
• foil-clad materials laid with foil towards the attic.

To create a roofing cake with high functional characteristics, it is recommended to use a special vapor barrier membrane to create a vapor barrier: it removes condensate outside the insulation and does not let steam and moisture into the roofing cake.

Stages of work on the insulation of a pitched roof

The roof insulation scheme is quite simple. The first step is to measure the distance between the rafters. Slabs of wadded insulation should be cut according to the results obtained, adding 1 centimeter. This will allow the heat insulator to be fastened between the rafters. This stage of work is greatly simplified if the roofing system was originally designed and installed with the expectation of using plate heaters of a certain width.

If there is no waterproofing between the rafters and the already installed roof covering, the water barrier must first be fixed. The membrane should envelop the rafters, it is most convenient to fasten it with a construction stapler to the rafters themselves and to the roof lathing in the openings between them. Waterproofing should be led out under an overhang at the bottom of the roof to ensure moisture drainage. It should be borne in mind that with this method of attaching the hydrobarrier, the insulation has to be installed without the necessary air gap. For this reason, it is recommended to use a superdiffusion membrane as a waterproofing membrane.

If there is a waterproofing layer under the roofing, nails are stuffed onto the rafters with a step of about 10 cm. The nails should be located at a distance of 3-5 cm from the waterproofing layer. Pull a polyethylene thread or cord between the nails, knocking them to the end. This will help create an air gap between the water barrier and the insulation. If the heat insulator is planned to be fixed with a cord, and not with a crate for the inner sheathing, it is also necessary to stuff nails along the outer edge of the rafters.

If, when deciding how to insulate the roof of the house, a wadded slab insulation was chosen, then the prepared elements must be slightly squeezed and inserted between the rafters. When using stiffer foam boards and similar materials, it is important to accurately size them so that the boards fit snugly into the opening. It is recommended to carry out insulation in two layers. If you have to mount not solid sheets into the opening, but narrower fragments, joining them along the length or width, it is necessary to ensure that the joints of the second layer do not coincide with the joints of the first. The heat insulator should not protrude beyond the plane of the rafter legs. If the rafters are not wide enough for the installation of two layers of insulation, an additional beam is nailed to them.

The heat insulator is fixed between the rafters using a stretched cord attached to pre-filled nails. Or, as an attachment, a lathing made of slats is used, intended for the installation of the interior cladding of the room. The slats are nailed to the rafters with a step of 30-40 cm. In this case, the vapor barrier is attached with a stapler to the rafters before the battens are installed: the thickness of the slats allows you to create the necessary air gap between the vapor barrier and the cladding.

When installing the vapor barrier, special attention is paid to the tightness of the layer. The sheet is laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm, the joints should be glued with adhesive tape in two layers. It is necessary to carry out the installation of the vapor barrier around the chimney and at the joints with the walls as efficiently as possible. At the final stage, the cladding is installed using wood-based or gypsum plasterboards.

How to insulate the roof of a house correctly: video, insulation scheme, methods

Find out how to properly insulate the roof of a house. Look at the video on how to insulate the roof of a house using various schemes, methods and types of insulation

How to insulate rafters: options and rules for thermal insulation of attic roofs

Thermal insulation of the truss structure is carried out if the active operation of the attic space formed by it is planned. They carry out work both during construction and during the period of reconstruction or repair. In order that the investment of funds and physical effort is not in vain, you should know how to insulate the rafters, which technological method should be preferred to achieve an impeccable result.

The specifics of the insulation of the truss structure

Despite the apparent simplicity of the process of thermal insulation of the rafter frame, this is a very serious stage. Firstly, the roof is the lightest building structure, which is contraindicated to be unnecessarily heavy. However, the insulated slopes are obliged to protect the owners from all kinds of weather phenomena along with the load-bearing walls, otherwise there is absolutely no point in thermal insulation of the attic.

Secondly, the enclosing covering, together with the components of the roofing cake, directly contacts the outer side with the lower layers of the atmosphere, and from the inner side it comes into contact with the household environment with its characteristic microclimate.

The temperature difference on both sides, by definition, creates conditions for the accumulation of condensate in the thickness of the roofing system cake. In addition to them, there is vaporization characteristic of the operated premises.

Taking into account the listed factors of influence on the layer of thermal insulation in the roofing cake, special requirements are imposed on the material chosen for the arrangement.

The thermal insulation of the rafters should be:

• light, so as not to create additional load on the supporting structures of the building;
• as resistant to moisture as possible, which, even with ideal protection of thermal insulation, still penetrates or forms in the roofing cake, albeit in small quantities;
• non-combustible, in extreme cases, slightly flammable or simply not supporting combustion;
• noise-absorbing, i.e. able to extinguish sounds of various power and origin;
• minimally heat-conducting, so as not to increase the volume of the structure with an optimal ability to retain heat.

It is important that the material chosen for the device of the thermal insulation layer does not wrinkle or settle under its own weight during its service. Because the rafter structure is equipped, then the thermal insulation will definitely be located at an angle.

If the insulating layer over time slips slightly to the base, exposing the ridge area, the heat loss will increase by about 40%. Therefore, when selecting material, you should choose the position in the marking of which it is indicated "for pitched roofs".

Thermal insulation options for truss systems

The task of heaters is not to warm up the air mass, they are obliged to keep the heat supplied by the heating and not let the low temperatures outside. In the summer, the same thermal insulation prevents the penetration of high temperatures, which on hot days on the roof often reach + 90 ° C.

The materials used for the construction of the pitched roof insulation system are divided into two basic groups:

• Wadded. These include varieties with a fibrous structure: stone wool, glass and slag wool, etc. The insulating qualities of them are imparted by the air filling the space between the chaotically interwoven fibers. Cotton wool can be either hard or soft, i.e. crumpled.
• Foamy. Variants with a "foamed" structure, which are a collection of closed bubbles filled with inert gas or ordinary air, which just serves as an insulator. These are hard plate types of insulation.

In the device of the system of insulation of truss systems, materials are used that are characterized by low thermal conductivity. Its value usually does not exceed the standard limit of 0.04 W / m ° C, which is typical for almost all types of roof insulation.

Specificity of wadded insulation

Wadded heaters easily allow fumes to pass into themselves and in the same way part with the moisture in their thickness. In order to prevent water from retaining in fibrous insulation, which significantly reduces the insulating properties, roofing wadding is hydrophobic - covering the fibers with a water-repellent substance.

The hydrophobizing shell prevents the fibers from getting wet, on which moisture only accumulates, and upon reaching the volume of the drop, it rolls down or is eroded by the air flow. Therefore, the wool used to insulate the rafter frames is classified as vapor-permeable, but at the same time not wetted materials, which is extremely important in the construction of roofs.

Wooden truss structures emit a certain amount of moisture during operation, which must be removed. Therefore, the best option for installing an insulation system in the space between the rafters is cotton wool, which contributes to the natural drying of wood structures.

From the inside, i.e. from the side of the premises, the cotton wool is covered with a vapor barrier membrane. It prevents the penetration of vapors into the insulation, but still partially allows them to pass through. Outside, wadded thermal insulation is covered with a water-repellent polymer film, between which a ventilation gap of 3 - 5 cm is left and the insulation.

If a superdiffusion membrane is used as a waterproofing membrane, then the ventilation gap is not suitable. The membrane spontaneously releases the condensate formed in the insulation into the atmosphere, but prevents rain and melt water from entering the thermal insulation layer.

It is, of course, more expensive than ordinary and reinforced polyethylene film, but it allows you to use narrower rafters for insulation, which brings a considerable economic effect.

Features of foam insulation boards

The subgroup of foam insulation includes all sorts of options for expanded polystyrene, foamed plastics, polyurethane foams, etc. All of them are divided into vapor-permeable and vapor-tight options.

The ability to pass household vapors depends on the manufacturing method of the material. For example, extruded polystyrene foam passes moisture in scanty amounts, because its cells are tightly sintered together by walls. There is no space between them. In addition, the closed bubble shell eliminates the slightest attempt at water penetration.

The materials created by the extrusion method have the lowest vapor permeability, which makes it possible not to protect the insulation with vapor barrier films. However, the need for a ventilation duct in the case of condensate discharge and a small volume of steam still remains.

Polyfoam - expanded polystyrene that has not passed through the extruder, allows vapors to pass through. Between its cells there are channels that facilitate the penetration of moisture and its removal from the body of thermal insulation by ventilation. When using it as roof insulation, it is necessary to use steam and waterproofing layers and arrange ventilation ducts.

Foams are represented by hard slabs, which, unlike soft cotton wool, do not crumple. Despite the possibility of installation in the space between the rafters, the foam insulation is mainly installed on top of the rafter legs or on the inside of the room.

The fact is that it is difficult to cut out a rigidly shape-retaining material so that it completely fills the cell in the rafter system. Between him and the rafter, there will still be some weakened thin line, which contributes to the formation of cold bridges.

In addition, extruded insulation does not absorb moisture, which will inevitably be emitted by the wooden elements of the system. Therefore, in laying between the rafters, only polystyrene can be used - a heater that can pass vapors.

Foamed thermal insulation with minimal vapor permeability is produced in the form of slabs. Most of them are equipped with a technological edge, which greatly facilitates the laying of material. Thanks to the edge, the layer of thermal insulation installed along the rafters or from the inside is practically monolithic, preventing the formation of cold bridges.

Methods for insulating the rafter system

In the construction of the heat-insulating layer of the rafter frame, one of the materials can be used, as well as a complex of insulation of at least two varieties. Since no one has yet invented ideal heaters, they can work perfectly in pairs, compensating for the disadvantages of a neighbor.

It is important to remember that a layer with the lowest vapor permeability should be installed from the side of the attic to be equipped. Those. on the side of the premises, a denser insulation should be placed, characterized by a minimum number of pores and channels for collecting condensate and steam. It will become a barrier to moisture and reduce the likelihood of moisture getting into the insulation.

According to the location of the thermal insulation layer relative to the rafter legs, the methods of its device are divided into three types, these are:

• Inter-rafter insulation. The location of the insulation in the space between adjacent rafters. The use of soft wool and foam is assumed.
• Insulation over the rafters. Installation of a continuous thermal insulation layer on the outside of the truss structure. Rigid foam boards are used.
• Insulation on the inside of the rafters. By analogy with the previous point, a continuous layer is being built, but from the side of the room being equipped. Hard wadded mats and all types of foam insulation are used.
• Combined insulation. Filling the space between the rafters with insulation and installing an additional layer on top of the rafters from the side convenient for work.

The choice of the method is focused on the construction stage and weather specifics in a specific time period during which the work is planned to be carried out. For example, when performing insulation during the reconstruction of the attic, it makes no sense to dismantle the unworn coating. Easier to insulate from the inside. In addition, the production of work will not be affected by weather disasters, and the material is not threatened with getting wet with dust.

If it is planned to install thermal insulation on top of the rafters from the outside, you should not coincide the insulation procedure with the period of heavy precipitation. However, if it is necessary to carry out work precisely at such a time, it should be planned to carry it out as soon as possible and provide for the possibility of protecting the insulation from rain if it suddenly falls out.

Such measures include overlapping the insulation with a waterproof awning or a waterproofing carpet prepared in advance and connected into a continuous canvas.

The thickness of the insulation system is selected in accordance with the climatic characteristics of the construction region in accordance with the requirements of SNiP No. II-3-79, which deals in detail with all issues of construction heat engineering.

Heaters are produced in the format of slabs, mats or rolls, cut into mats of standard thickness of 2 or 5 cm. It will not be possible to choose the material exactly according to the calculations, but it should be remembered that you should always round up.

Mineral wool insulation

If you plan to install thermal insulation in the space between the rafters, there is no better material than soft elastic wool. The optimal size of a fragment of heat-insulating material in such cases exceeds the real dimensions of this space by 2-3 cm in both directions.

For laying in "cells" between the rafters, the roll is cut into pieces with the declared dimensions or, when designing the rafter frame, the dimensions of the finished insulation mats are taken into account. The main thing is that the slightly compressed fragment of the insulation straightens in its intended place and wedges between the rafters due to its own elasticity.

Those who prefer to cut the roll insulation with their own hands should clearly calculate the dimensions of the cut pieces. If the fragment is noticeably wider or longer, then its own elasticity will force it to bend in the "window" intended for installation.

A bent piece will partially block the ventilation duct, due to which the thermal insulation will not be able to fully ventilate, which means that it will not work according to the characteristics declared by the manufacturer.

In order for the cotton mats not to bend or sag between the rafters, they are advised to be fixed in a special way. Along the line coinciding with the surface of the heat-insulating layer, nails are nailed, which are connected with a fishing line. The insulation fixed in this way will not interfere with the air flows washing it.

Ideally, the rafter leg should be 3 - 5 cm wider than the thermal insulation system. In this case, the ventilation air from the eaves overhang to the ridge element is formed spontaneously. If the width of the rafter does not allow to arrange a ventilation duct, i.e. it is equal to or less than the thickness of the insulating layer, the shortage is recruited with counter-rails nailed to the ribs of the rafter legs.

Reinforced thermal insulation of the truss system

The scheme of reinforced roof insulation along the rafters helps to completely get rid of cold bridges. It is clear that such a method involves filling the inter-rafter space with a soft insulating material and installing hard plates from the outside or from the inside. The work is carried out in stages, in accordance with the above technologies.

First of all, elastic cotton mats are installed in the space between the rafters. After that, a transverse rail is mounted, holding the already installed insulation and forming a frame for laying the next row of plates.

The size of the lath should be selected so that it is equal to the thickness of the insulating layer to be laid, and the laths should be positioned so that the elements of the insulation system fit tightly into the gaps between the laths.

A diffusion membrane is laid on top of the reinforced multi-tiered heat-insulating layer. It is laid directly on the insulating layer without fear of condensation in the thickness of the thermal insulation.

If the waterproofing protection is arranged from a polyethylene film, then a ventilation gap between the insulation and the polyethylene is necessarily constructed. It is formed by installing a rail with the required size.

When using a super diffusion membrane, it is not necessary to provide a ventilation gap above the ridge run. The material is laid with an overlap over the ridge with the installation of a ridge protective and decorative strip on top of it.

When using polyethylene, this layer is not brought up to the ridge rib. On both sides, between the edge of the waterproofing and the ridge fracture, approximately 7-10 cm are left so that condensate and household vapors can be freely discharged into the atmosphere.

Only mineral wool of varying degrees of hardness can be used in a combined scheme, or it can be combined with the installation of foam elements from the outside of the attic or from the inside.

Installation of rigid polystyrene foam plates

Foamed rigid plates perfectly hold the load, cope with the mass of the roofing, and with snow drifts, and even with the movement of a person in case of repair operations. In all respects, it is more convenient and wiser to build an outer solid layer from them.

When using extruded insulating varieties, there is no point in arranging a waterproofing carpet over a heat-insulating system and a vapor barrier analogue from inside the premises. The slabs are laid on a plank or plywood continuous flooring built along the rafters, placing them at intervals along the rows.

If the thermal insulation is arranged in two or three tiers, then the breakdown rule must be observed in each layer. The butt joints of the slabs cannot be located at one point in order to exclude the possibility of leakage in this place.

A heat-insulating layer of slabs is attached to the rafter legs through a continuous flooring and longitudinal wooden slats installed on top of the insulation. At the same time, the fixing bars form the ventilation ducts necessary for airing the roofing cake and relieve tension from the roof. On the same bars, the lathing is installed for laying the coating.

When the foam insulation is located on the outside of the rafter frame, the rafters themselves remain open inside the premises. They can be used as a non-standard interior element, as a basis for additional inter-rafter insulation, or as a base for fixing internal cladding.

The technology of installing an insulating layer from the inside of the attic is no different from the outer version. A crate for insulation is also arranged and fastened to the rafters. The advantage of installation from the inside is the possibility of construction at any time, the disadvantage lies in the fact that the internal space will be slightly "eaten" by thermal insulation.

The described methods are also used when constructing a heat-insulating system made of hard mineral wool slabs.

Combination of two types of thermal insulation

The combined thermal insulation scheme provides for the use of two types of insulating materials in one thermal insulation system. Insulation is laid in accordance with their purpose and technical properties laid down by manufacturers. Soft cotton mats are placed in the cells between the rafters, rigid plates are installed outside or inside the rafter frame.

If a diffusion membrane is used as thermal insulation in the thermal insulation scheme in a combined way, the ventilation ducts between the layers of thermal insulation and waterproofing are not satisfactory. This scheme is very difficult to implement without dismantling the coating. True, there are types of membranes that allow you to equip the rafter system from the inside without removing the roof. In such cases, it is attached to the rafter legs wrapped with it.

If the inner tier of the insulation system is arranged from extruded foam insulation, then there is no need to use a vapor barrier layer and in the device of the inner lathing along the rafters.

How to insulate rafters: everything about roof insulation along the rafters

How to insulate rafters with hard and soft types of thermal insulation materials, thermal insulation schemes, the nuances of laying insulation when arranging a pitched roof.

How to insulate a roof from the inside with mineral wool - features of laying mineral wool on the roof

Arrangement of a warm roof implies the mandatory installation of an insulation layer. As a rule, the slopes are insulated after the completion of the assembly of the rafter system, but before the installation of the roof covering - and this technology is considered optimal. However, sometimes annoying overlays happen, and after assembling the roof, it turns out that the available insulation is not enough for normal thermal insulation.

The need for roof insulation

In such cases, you have to insulate the roof from the inside with mineral wool - this allows you to compensate for the level of heat loss. How the roof is insulated from the inside with mineral wool is discussed in this article.

There are two principal technologies for insulating the roof from the inside:

• Laying insulation between the frame rafters;
• Laying insulation over the rafters.

Each roof insulation technology with mineral wool will be considered in more detail.

Types of heaters

Of course, it is only necessary to insulate the slopes when installing a warm roof. The thermal insulation layer is laid in the space between the rafters at that stage of the roof installation, when there is no finishing coating yet - this approach is quite convenient and does not require significant efforts.

Roof insulation can be performed by the following types of mineral wool:

1. Glass wool... The composition of this heat-insulating material contains fiberglass with a thickness of no more than 15 microns. Glass wool can be produced in rolls, slabs or mats. The characteristics of such a heater are impressive: excellent thermal insulation properties, good fire resistance and complete resistance to biological factors. The material released in the form of slabs is quite convenient and very easy to install. Glass wool can be safely attributed to the category of budget insulation materials, if you look closely at the cost of alternative heat insulators. The main disadvantage of this material is its ability to cause irritation upon contact with open areas of the human body, therefore, it is necessary to work with it exclusively with a full set of personal protective equipment.
2. Basalt (stone) wool... This material also contains fibers, but here they are represented by a natural mineral - basalt. Additional components include some carbonate rocks, bentonite clay, and several other composites. Basalt wool is characterized by complete incombustibility, excellent thermal insulation performance and resistance to mold and mildew. The structure of this material is not so strong, and at a price it surpasses glass wool by about 1.5-2 times, but safety and ease of installation have done their job - and therefore basalt wool is in much greater demand.

There is also a third type of mineral wool - slag wool. It is pointless to consider roof insulation with your own hands from the inside with this type of mineral wool, since it is not used for internal roof insulation due to its extremely negative impact on the human body.

Installation of mineral wool between the rafters from the inside of the roof

When installing thermal insulation material from the inside of the roof structure, the simplest option would be to install it in the space between the rafters. True, this method is relevant only if the thickness of the insulation layer does not exceed the width of the rafters, otherwise you will have to make a combined thermal insulation of the roof.

Insulation of the roof with mineral wool from the inside in this case will look like this:

1. The first step is to take the building level and measure the lower level of the rafters, which should be uniform around the entire perimeter of the frame. If there are deviations from the level, it is necessary to align all the rafters so that they go along the same line.
2. A waterproofing film must be laid on top of the rafters in advance, which protects the insulation from moisture. If this film was not used during the installation of the roof, then it will no longer be possible to lay it, so the thermal insulation will be without proper protection.
3. Minvata is cut into suitable pieces. When installing insulation between the rafter legs, the material is fixed due to the expanding force, therefore the cut elements should be 2-3 cm wider than the distance between the rafters. When laying the material in two layers, you need to make sure that the joints of one layer do not coincide with the joints of the other.
4. The next step is fitting the vapor barrier. The cut membrane strips are installed over the insulation to protect it from moisture and air. The vapor barrier membrane is installed parallel to the roof slope and fixed with a construction stapler.
5. The last stage is the sheathing of the insulation, for which drywall, plywood or edged board are usually used. In the future, the cladding will act as a support for the decorative finishing of the attic walls.

When installing insulation on a roof with an angle of inclination of the slopes of less than 25 degrees, the following situation may arise: the thermal insulation plates will simply fall out due to a lack of expanding force. To prevent this from happening, the insulation must be additionally strengthened with slats or strong fishing line stretched between the rafters. On slopes with a steep slope, this problem usually does not arise.

Do-it-yourself installation of mineral wool on rafters

In the event that the width of the insulating material does not allow it to fit into the space between the rafters, its installation will have to be performed in two stages. One layer of material will be laid according to the technology described above, and the second - on top of the already mounted layer. Such roof insulation with mineral wool costs an order of magnitude more, but the result is better.

Roof insulation with mineral wool along the rafters is performed according to the following algorithm:

1. The first steps exactly repeat the installation algorithm between the rafters - the step of installing the rafter legs is measured, after which the insulation is cut so that it can be mounted by the rafter. When using roll material, you need to let it lie down a little in a straightened state.
2. During installation, the edges of the slabs are tucked into the inner side, and after installing the insulation, they are straightened.
3. A vapor barrier is attached to the rafters with a stapler. The rules are the same: the strips of material are laid with a slight overlap so that steam does not pass through the joints.
4. Slats are horizontally nailed to the rafters, the thickness of which should exceed the thickness of the insulation by 1-2 cm. The distance between the slats should be sufficient for laying thermal insulation boards.
5. Mineral wool is laid between the stuffed slats. When laying, care must be taken that the joints of the material do not coincide with the joints of the previous layer.
6. The final stage is the external cladding, for which any finishing material can be used.

This roof insulation technology is considered the most effective, therefore, when deciding how to properly insulate the roof with mineral wool, it is worth giving preference to this particular option.

Insulation of the roof from the inside with mineral wool is a fairly effective means of protecting the roof from the cold. Knowledge of the theory and competent implementation of the selected technology will allow you to create a reliable roof, under which it will be possible to equip a living space in the future.

Do-it-yourself roof insulation with mineral wool: the technology of roof insulation with mineral wool, how to properly insulate

Do-it-yourself roof insulation with mineral wool: the technology of roof insulation with mineral wool, how to properly insulate

A house built and equipped with his own hands is the real pride of any owner. An integral stage in the arrangement of any residential building is the internal insulation of the roof. And if in most cases there are no problems with the thermal insulation of the walls, then the insulation of the roofing structure can introduce an unprepared master into bewilderment. Therefore, before proceeding with the practical part, study all the theoretical recommendations proposed below.

After the installation of the insulation and all related elements, the roofing system will look like a layered "cake". The structure is based on a rafter system. All other elements are laid on it and fixed.

Modern roofing "pie"

In the classic version, the layers of the pie, starting from the final roofing, are placed as follows:

• roof covering;
• lathing for mounting finishing material. Can be solid or sparse;
• counter-lattice bars. Needed to create a ventilation gap under the roofing material;
• waterproofing film;
• heat insulating material;
• vapor barrier material;
• lathing for the installation of insulating materials and internal cladding;
• lining material.

A properly equipped roofing cake will significantly reduce heat loss in cold weather and prevent overheating of the space under the roof in hot weather. Waterproofing will protect the insulation from atmospheric moisture, and the vapor barrier material will prevent the formation of condensation and the appearance of all the accompanying problems.

How to insulate?

On the modern market there is a huge range of materials that can be successfully used for internal roof insulation. Try to avoid excessive savings - materials must be of high quality.

Heater parameters

When choosing a suitable insulation, you need to pay attention to a number of basic characteristics of the material, namely:

• the weight. The heavier the insulation, the more significant the load it will exert on the roof. This imposes a number of additional requirements for rafters and lathing - their configuration and strength must correspond to the characteristics of thermal insulation;
• thermal conductivity. It is better that this parameter be as low as possible, if possible not more than 0.04 W / m * C;
• resistance to adverse external influences.

Preferred insulation

Not so many materials meet the above requirements. Among all the existing insulation options, professionals recommend giving preference to mineral wool heat insulators and foam panels. All other things being equal, mineral wool is more preferable.

Additional insulating materials

In combination with insulation, the roof will need to be additionally insulated using steam and moisture insulating materials. For waterproofing the roof, polyethylene and roofing felt are usually used. These materials are highly resistant to moisture.

It is best to equip the vapor barrier layer with the use of special membranes, glassine or modern foil materials.

Regardless of the chosen insulation (installation is still carried out in the same sequence) in the process of performing the work, you must adhere to a number of basic recommendations, without which you can not count on high-quality internal insulation of the roof.

All the rules can be combined into one summary of tips, namely:

Thus, even before starting to perform thermal insulation work, the master needs to study a fairly large amount of information and remember a number of important requirements. The work must be done as efficiently as possible. Correctly equipped insulation will make living in the house as comfortable as possible and will significantly reduce the cost of heating the premises.

Use the recommendations received and remember: you need to insulate with the obligatory installation of a vapor barrier and moisture protection layers. Only such a complex will make it possible to obtain a reliable, durable and resistant to any adverse external influences roofing system. It’s better to do everything right away and live in a safe house, than to patch holes in the roofing cake after every heavy rain.

Preparation for roof insulation

The insulation procedure remains almost the same regardless of the type of roof, materials used and other points. Having dealt with the main points of thermal insulation work, you will be able to successfully apply them in practice.

First of all, carefully prepare the roof for the upcoming internal insulation.

First step. Examine the rafter system. If you find rotten or damaged parts, replace them with new parts.

Second step. Treat all wood items with an antiseptic.

Third step. Check the condition of pipelines and electrical wiring if these communications are laid under the roof.

Roof Insulation Guide

Proceed with the work on the internal insulation of the roof. The event is held in several stages. Go through each of them sequentially, not forgetting the previously received recommendations.

It is assumed that the rafters, lathing and other necessary elements have already been installed and you just have to mount the insulating materials, and then lay the finishing roofing.

The first step is vapor barrier

Lay the foil with a 10 cm overlap. It is convenient to use a construction stapler with staples to attach the vapor barrier to the bars. Tape all joints twice with duct tape. Be especially careful and careful when sealing various difficult areas, such as joints between the film and pipes, walls and other structural elements.

The second step is insulation

EKOTEPLIN - roof insulation

Place the selected insulation in the crate cells. Usually, the crate is assembled with the expectation that the step between its bars is a couple of centimeters less than the width of the insulation, so you can place the insulation boards as tightly as possible. Directly the lathing bars should be nailed to the rafters perpendicular to them.

With a strong desire, you can do without the crate - you stuff nails along the edges of the rafter legs and pull the wire between them. She will hold the insulation plates. However, it is better not to give up the crate - it is safer with it.

The insulation itself is usually laid in 2 layers. In this case, the upper layer must be laid with a certain offset in relation to the lower one - it is impossible that the joints of the insulation plates of both layers coincide.

The third step is waterproofing

Place the waterproofing film so that it completely overlaps the insulation, battens and rafters. For fixing the film, it is most convenient to use a construction stapler with staples.

Remove the waterproofing under the eaves of the roof - this will create the conditions necessary for effective drainage of water in the future.

In the end, you just have to lay the selected roofing material on the roof.

Thus, although the independent internal insulation of the roof is a very important and responsible event, there is nothing super complicated in its implementation. Do everything in accordance with the instructions, and very soon your house will become truly cozy and warm, and heating costs in the cold season will significantly decrease.

Happy work!

Video - Do-it-yourself roof insulation from the inside

Insulation of the roof from the inside is carried out not only in order to arrange an additional room in the attic, but also for maximum preservation of heat throughout the house.

If the building has a mansard roof, then the insulation is carried out directly on the roof itself, which is not only a roof for the future room, but also walls. If the structure or has one slope, then most often the thermal insulation is arranged in the attic floor.

The third variant of thermal insulation measures is used in regions with a harsh climate, where both the roof itself and the ceiling are insulated from the inside.

Types of insulation used

The modern building materials market offers a lot types of insulation, of which you can choose a suitable one for any thermal insulation work.

• Bulk materials are sawdust, expanded clay of different fractions, slag, dry leaves or needles. These heaters are used for filling in the attic floor, and they perfectly protect the lower rooms of the house from the penetration of cold, but they will not be able to make the attic itself warm.

• Mineral wool of various types, expanded polystyrene, penoflex and polyurethane foam are suitable for insulating both attic floors and.

All these materials are light enough, so they will not weigh down the structure of the roof and the whole house, but they will make it much warmer. The technologies for installing thermal insulation materials differ from each other, so it is worth considering some of them.

It should be noted that with the advent of auxiliary materials that facilitate the work process and are aimed at protecting the thermal insulation itself from external influences and maintaining their performance, it has become easier to carry out the installation process.

Video: mineral wool is an excellent material for roof insulation

Mineral wool prices

Mineral wool

Vapor barrier coatings

One of these materials is a vapor barrier film. It is designed to protect wooden structures and insulation from exposure to vapors arising from temperature changes and leading to the formation of condensation. Excessive moisture provokes the appearance of mold, which destroys the structure of the tree, reduces the thermal insulation characteristics of the insulation and contributes to the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the room.

The vapor barrier membrane is fixed to the roof or floor structure prior to the installation of insulation materials.

When using a vapor barrier film in a heated room, it is placed only under the finishing layer of the walls.

To protect structures that are exposed to high temperatures on one side, and on the other - low, the vapor barrier must be located on both sides. Such structures include wooden attic floors and roofs when insulated. Concrete slabs do not require the installation of vapor barrier materials.

The protective film can have different thicknesses and be of different types - a regular non-woven material or a foil membrane. In the case of using the latter on the structure of the attic floor, it is laid down with foil, since it reflects the heat rising from below to the ceiling, thereby preventing it from escaping outside. The sheets of material are fastened together with foil tape, which helps to create an airtight coating.

Prices for different types of insulating films

Insulating films

Insulation of the attic floor

Any insulation measures are best carried out in the process of building a house, but, unfortunately, very often they are done only when they feel the winter cold.

Before filling or laying the insulation, you need to carry out preparatory work. This is especially important if you use fine expanded clay, slag or sawdust.

• Previously, when there were no modern auxiliary materials on sale, a plank attic floor was prepared as follows:

- Boards, fixed to the floor beams, were thoroughly coated with a solution of clay or lime, having an average consistency in density. These natural materials create a good airtightness of the floor, but at the same time, they allow the whole structure to "breathe".

- After the clay or lime had completely dried, the insulation works were carried out. Previously, this was mainly used slag, sawdust, dry leaves or a mixture of these materials. They fell asleep between the beams on prepared boards.

It should be noted that the old traditional method is quite reliable, and therefore some builders even prefer it to the modern one to this day.

• In modern construction, a special vapor barrier film is mainly used for flooring under insulation. Its canvases are laid completely over the entire area of ​​the attic with an overlap of 15-20 cm, deepening between the floor beams and fixing them to boards and beams. It is recommended to glue the canvases together with construction tape.

The film will become an additional obstacle on the way out of the premises of the house for heat through the ceiling, since the heated air, going up not finding a way out, it will go down and stay inside the house.

• Further, insulating material is poured onto the film, mineral wool is laid, expanded clay is poured, or the openings between the beams are filled with ecowool. You can also use the insulation used earlier - slag or sawdust.

• To avoid the appearance of cold bridges through wooden beams, a layer of thin insulation must also be fixed on them.

• On top of the insulation material, another layer of vapor barrier is laid, in the same way as before - with an overlap. This layer of film is fixed to the floor beams with slats, which are more often called counter-strips.
• A covering of boards or thick plywood is laid on top.

Sometimes the vapor barrier can be fixed from the inside of the room to the wooden ceiling, but in this case it will need to be finished, for example, with plasterboard plates. They will level the ceiling and become another additional insulation layer.

Insulation of roof slopes

When insulating roof slopes, as well as when insulating floors, they are used mineral wool and expanded polystyrene, but mineral wool in this case it is preferable, since it has practically zero flammability.

If, nevertheless, it is decided to use foam, then it is recommended to purchase an extruded version. Although it has a slightly higher thermal conductivity, it is not flammable, which is very important for wooden structures.

Different systems are used to insulate the roof slopes, but they always contain a layer of vapor barrier material, insulation, waterproofing and counter-lattice.

1. This diagram shows one of the options for the insulation "pie". It is used in roof construction and roofing decking.

• It is laid on the rafter system. Usually, for this layer, polyethylene is used, which has a high density (more than 200 microns thick) - it will also protect the roof not only from moisture, but from wind penetration under it. The film is laid with an overlap of 20 ÷ 25 cm and fixed to the rafters using staples and a stapler.
• On top of the film, a counter-rail with a thickness of 5 ÷ 7 mm is fixed on each rafter. It is necessary so that the roofing material does not adhere directly to the waterproofing film, and there is a small distance between them for air circulation.
• Further, if the roof slopes are covered with soft roofing material, it is necessary to lay plywood on top of the counter battens. In the case when slate or other rigid sheet material is used, a crate is arranged instead of plywood, the width between its slats is calculated according to the length of the sheets of roofing material.
• When the lathing is ready, the roof is covered with the chosen covering.

After that, you can proceed to the insulation measures that are carried out from the inside, that is, from the attic room.

• Mats of mineral wool or other insulation are placed between the rafters. They should fit as tightly as possible between the elements of the wooden structure. Installation of mats is carried out, starting from the bottom, gradually rising to the ridge. Insulation should be the same thickness as the width of the rafters or slightly less her, by about 10 ÷ 15 mm.
• The laid insulation is tightened with a vapor barrier film, which is fixed to the rafters with slats. The film is also overlapped and glued with construction tape.

The last stage is the decorative finishing of the walls of the attic room

• Further, if the attic space is equipped for a living room, then the entire surface is sheathed with plasterboard or clapboard. In addition, in this case, in addition to the walls and ceiling, the floors are also insulated, that is, the attic floor.

2. Another option may be a thicker insulation "cake", which is also installed immediately when installing the roof.

• In this case, a waterproofing windproof film is also laid on the rafter system.
• A crate for the roofing material is arranged on top of it.
• Further from the side of the attic, the first is laid between the rafters a layer of insulation, which should be equal to the width of the rafters.
• Then, transverse slats are stuffed onto the rafters at a distance from each other equal to the width of the insulation of the next layer. In this case, a thinner insulation is used. Its thickness should be equal to the thickness of the padded crossbars.
• After that comes a vapor barrier film, which is fixed to the slats with brackets.
• The interior decoration material is then attached to the slats.

If the roof is insulated in an already built house, where the roof covering is fixed, then a vapor barrier is fixed to the rafters from the attic side with brackets, and only after that the insulation is laid. Further, the process proceeds in the same way as in the previous versions.

Insulation of the roof from the inside with polyurethane foam

Insulation with polyurethane foam takes place differently than bulk materials or mats of mineral wool and foam.

This method of thermal insulation has recently become more and more popular and is suitable both for ordinary attics and for the attic, which will later become an additional room.

If the attic is ventilated, and a living space will not be arranged in it, then only the attic floor is insulated. For this, it is recommended to moisten the boards and beams for better adhesion, and a thin layer of polyurethane foam is sprayed onto the wet surface between the beams. After it has foamed, increased in volume and solidified, if necessary, another layer is applied. Such insulation will be quite enough to keep the house warm, since the foam penetrates into all the cracks and closes them hermetically.

If the attic allows for its height to arrange a room on it, or the attic is an attic superstructure to the house, in addition to overlapping with polyurethane foam, roof slopes are also insulated.

Spraying starts from the bottom of the structure, gradually rising to the ridge. Foam is sprayed between the rafters, and its lower layers, rising and solidifying, will be the reference for the next upper applied levels.

A similar or loft space creates a completely sealed, unventilated space. Polyurethane foam will retain heat well inside the premises in winter and will not allow the attic to overheat on hot summer days. However, ventilation should still be provided, since the room must necessarily receive air flow.

This type of thermal insulation has the following advantages over other heaters:

• The polyurethane foam coating does not have joints or seams throughout the insulated area.
• A significant reduction in temperature differences in the attic and rooms on the lower floors is achieved.
• The building receives reliable protection from low and high temperatures that affect the house from the outside.
• This method of insulation shows a high payback in a very short time, due to the reduction of heating costs due to the low thermal conductivity of the sprayed material.
• When spraying polyurethane foam directly onto the roof, it receives additional rigidity and strength, since the leveling coating forms a reliable connection with the entire roof structure. At the same time, the polyurethane foam layer does not significantly increase the roof weight.
• Convenience application - foam closes all hard-to-reach places of the roof and floors, penetrating into all large and small holes and cracks, expanding and sealing walls and floors.
• Polyurethane foam is highly resistant to moisture, to the appearance any forms of biological life, high and low temperatures, prevents the emergence and development of wood decay processes.
• Foam provides not only excellent thermal insulation to the premises, but also well insulates from extraneous noise from the outside.
• Polyurethane foam does not shrink, wrinkle or soften.
• The insulation has a fairly long service life, which is about 30 years.
• The material does not emit substances toxic to the human body and unpleasant odors.

The disadvantages of sprayed insulation include the following factors:

• The toxicity of the material during its application, therefore, you need to work with the use of protective equipment.

Not hardened polyurethane foam is quite toxic, so all work is carried out with the obligatory protective equipment for the skin, eyes and respiratory organs

• Polyurethane foam is susceptible to the negative influence of ultraviolet rays, therefore, after applying the insulation, it must be covered with a finishing material, for example, clapboard, plywood or drywall.
• For installation work on polyurethane foam insulation, you must have special expensive equipment. True, if you have the skills to work with this material, then the equipment can be rented. But in the case when this work is unfamiliar, it is better not to risk it, but to invite specialists with equipment to spray the material.

Video: spraying polyurethane foam on the roof slopes from the inside

Insulation of the attic and roof is necessary for buildings located in most Russian regions, therefore, this process should not be postponed "until later", but it is necessary to carry out thermal insulation work at the stage of building a house. Excluding the method of spraying polyurethane, all other insulation measures can be carried out independently, observing the technology of work. If you enlist the help of a friend, then the roof insulation can well be done in a few days.