What qualities are needed to complete the autumn. Garden work in autumn (September, October, November): three months of preparation for winter. What work to do in the garden and garden in October

The summer season is coming to an end closer to autumn, but gardeners still have a huge amount of work to do. This is a period not only of harvesting, but also of preparing plants and soil for wintering. Often, the weather is rainy, sharply turning into a cold. Therefore, work in the fall in the garden and vegetable garden must be carried out strictly on time in order to have time to complete them on time.

The importance of preparing the garden for winter

Preparing the garden for winter for beginner summer residents seems not to be a particularly important process. In fact, the yield of all crops next year directly depends on it.

A piece of land can be safely compared to a living organism. If you prepare it well for the winter period, the number of extinct and diseased plants that have not survived the cold will be significantly less. Waking up in the spring, they will delight the gardener with the dense flowering of the garden and garden greenery. For a considerable number of crops, frosts are fatal. Frosty weather is a signal for their immediate warming.

Only if you properly care for the garden and garden in the fall, the plants will plunge into a healthy sleep. Thanks to this, it will be possible to count on a rich harvest.

Completion of harvest and destruction of crop residues

Autumn work in the garden and in the garden begins with the collection of the remnants of the crop. During this period, vegetables are already to be harvested. It is noted that if you start collecting them in September, they will be stored much better. The weather is still sunny, and it is possible to harvest a dry crop, thereby avoiding its decay.

The garden is also freed from fruits in the first month in autumn. The fruits are already full. It is extremely important to collect all the berries, pick plums, apples and pears.

Cleaning of all plant residues is carried out at their summer cottage in September. Leaves, weeds and other plant debris are cleaned in the garden and vegetable garden. In this case, several options for getting rid of obsolete vegetation can be used:

compost pits. In order to avoid damage to crops by pests, a place is selected where humus is created. As a rule, a hole is dug in the far corner of the site, in the shade. At the same time, a box is made on the surface, the height of which corresponds to the level of the fence. All plant residues are laid out there, which rot and are used as fertilizer;
protective layer. The foliage is collected in small heaps and laid out under the trees. Due to this, the roots are additionally protected, and microelements continue to enter the soil even in winter;
shelter material. Fallen leaves can be used to cover strawberries and flowers.

Preparing the soil and beds for the next season

In the process of caring for the garden in the fall, you need to prepare the beds and soil for the next season. The earth is dug up, fertilized. In addition, a number of other important works are also carried out in the autumn period.

Seeding green manure

Siderates are designed to create a crop rotation. When they are sown, in the garden in the spring, when the snow just melts, the first greens will already appear. The roots of these crops perform the same functions that are assigned to fertilizers. With their help, the condition of the soil improves, its characteristics are restored.

Depending on the role performed by siderates, the following varieties are distinguished:

disinfection. Calendula, radish and oats will cope with this task;
increase in fertility. Sow oats, legumes and alfalfa;
loosening the soil. Mustard, rye and oats are used;
protection from all kinds of pests. Marigolds are used, as well as calendula and lupine.

It is noted that in order to feed the soil and increase its fertility, it is better to sow beans, rapeseed, mustard or rye. These manipulations are performed in the middle lane in October, before the first frosts.

Digging the earth and fertilizing

To prepare the soil for winter, it needs to be dug up. Due to this, its structure improves, pores form, and oxygen freely penetrates through the air voids. In addition, in this way it is possible to reduce the risk of damage to the site by diseases and pests and reduce the number of annual weeds. Emerging shoots die almost immediately.

Digging must be completed before the heavy rains begin. The best time for these manipulations is the first half of October.

Fertilizers used during this period should not contain nitrogen. It is used, as a rule, organic matter and compost. It is also allowed to fertilize the soil with the help of mineral and complex fertilizers. Most often in early October, they resort to using the following:

manure humus. It is being introduced to those areas where vegetables, as well as fruit and berry crops will be grown next year;
peat. It contains quite a few useful elements, but when it is introduced, the characteristics of the soil improve. Peat should be used in the autumn, but additionally it can also be used in the spring;
lime or ash, chalk, dolomite flour. Soil liming is carried out exclusively in the process of preparing for winter. This is due to the fact that when such substances are introduced, the absorption of phosphorus slows down, and it is necessary that a sufficiently long period of time pass before active vegetation;
mineral supplement. For perennial plants in the autumn, potash fertilizers and superphosphate are needed.

Winter landings

Most often, root crops are planted before winter. The following can be sown in October:

carrot;
beets;
radish;
garlic.

It is imperative that the seeds are placed in the ground before frost. You can cover it with spruce branches or use mulching materials.

Preparing fruit trees and shrubs for winter

Garden care in the fall includes pruning and feeding trees, protecting plants from all kinds of pests, and a number of other important manipulations. Work is carried out strictly according to the schedule, observing simple rules.

pruning

Garden plants need systematic care. Otherwise, various diseases begin to develop and you should not hope for a good harvest. One of the unimportant moments in this case is the pruning of bushes and trees. Such actions are performed at the end of September or in the first half of October.

Weak, diseased branches, as well as those that grow inside the crown, are subject to removal. They should be cut to healthy wood. It is impossible to abuse such manipulations. They are aimed solely at stimulating the growth of branches.

After carrying out the work, it is necessary to treat all sections with garden pitch or a mixture of manure and clay. Due to this plant will be able to protect against pests.

Procurement of planting material for the next season

Before the onset of cold weather, cuttings must be harvested, which will be grafted next season. By November, they had already hardened, partially lignified - the right period is coming to perform these manipulations.

Shoots are cut from healthy plants that give a good harvest for several years. At the same time, branches are chosen that grow freely and are not in the shade. They are tied into bundles and transferred to the basement. In order for the planting material to be preserved in good condition until spring, it is placed in an upright position in wet sand or sawdust.

Landing work

Often in the autumn, young seedlings are planted. The following plants are placed on the garden plot:

Apple tree;
quince;
cherries;
plum;
pear;
currant;
strawberry;
gooseberry.

The main condition for the successful implementation of work is compliance with the rules of agricultural technology. Young seedlings need to be cultivated, prepare the soil and water it systematically. Some plants will need covering material. The optimal period for planting is September. Active frosts have not yet been observed, and the seedlings will take root well.

top dressing

After the crop has been harvested, garden plants must continue to be looked after. They are weak and need feeding. Work is carried out in late September or early October. The following fertilizers are applied:

potassium salt;
superphosphate;
humus.

The introduction of nutrients into the soil is extremely important when growing strawberries. In September, the soil is loosened, weeds are removed and fertilizers are applied:

humus;
ammophos;
peat.

Treatment for diseases and pests

In October, autumn whitewashing of trunks is recommended. Due to these works, the bark will be protected from bright sunlight, which provokes its cracking on frosty days. Lime is used for this. It is also allowed to add Farmayod or Ecogel to the solution. These products have a bactericidal effect and protect plants from infections. If additional sulfur is added, then protection against hares and rodents will be provided.

Shrubs and trees are additionally sprayed with Lipidocide or Bitoxibacillin. It is extremely important to remember about the trunk circles. If the pests remain on the ground, they will soon return to the plants.

Moisture-charging irrigation

In late October or early November, before the onset of frost, it is imperative to water all garden plants. It is advisable to perform these manipulations several times so that the soil is moistened to a depth of up to 70 centimeters.

These works are especially important, since with an insufficient amount of liquid in the soil, shrubs and trees dry up and it turns out to be difficult for them to survive the winter. Due to the additional supply of moisture in the soil, the winter hardiness of plants will increase. In addition, if there is no snow cover in severe frosts, the risk of freezing of root systems increases. Podzimny watering minimizes such effects. Moisture will also become a potent remedy for pests that live in the upper layers of the earth.

Mulching and shelter for the winter

Plants will overwinter much better if the mulching method is used. Thanks to this action, the soil remains warm and sufficiently moist. The procedure is carried out closer to November. The following materials can be used for this:

fallen leaves. During the winter, it will rot and naturally fertilize the soil, improve its quality. In addition, the condition of the root systems will improve, and moisture and air will penetrate to them unhindered;
pine needles. Prevent freezing and drying of the soil;
bark and wood shavings. Used for partial mulching. The lower of the layers is made from the remains of wood, and the upper ones from other materials;
the remains of fruit-bearing plants. They are rolled up and placed in a thin layer on the ground;
sawdust. Those that have lain for several seasons are used. It is recommended to mulch with sawdust areas that do not need frequent loosening and digging;
newspapers. Prevent weed growth and keep soil warm. They are laid whole or torn to pieces;
hay. With its help, it will be possible to maintain the air gap and prevent freezing and drying of the root systems.

In the autumn, gardeners have to do a huge amount of work. Only by following the schedule for these manipulations, adhering to the basic recommendations, will it be possible to help all crops survive frosts more easily and ensure high yields next season.

Autumn work in the garden is a very important stage for your site. Of course, experienced gardeners know what to do in the country in the fall. But there are features in the preparation of the site, which I want to dwell on in more detail. These are the autumn work in the garden that you definitely need perform in the best possible way. The purpose of autumn work is to prepare the garden for winter and lay the foundation for next year's harvest.

There are a number of works that need to be done in October-November. You can check yourself if everything is done and ready for winter. There is still time to finish all the work in the garden while the weather permits.

So let's start by listing everything. necessary autumn work in the garden and vegetable garden, a Let's take a look at the features.

Complete the harvest of late vegetable crops.
Collect and destroy all plant debris. Dry tops can be left for mulching.
Preparing the soil in autumn for planting vegetables and flowers before winter.
Prepare beds for spring sowing, fertilize, loosen, mulch for the winter from weeds and pests.
Sow green manure in the vacated beds.
Sow vegetables before winter - garlic, carrots, onions, herbs.
Preparing a flower garden for winter, plant bulbs: tulips ... ..
Digging up bulbs of gladiolus, dahlias.
Preparing hydrangeas for winter, prepare a shelter.
Autumn pruning of roses and shelter for the winter
Treatment of shrubs from pests and diseases, harvesting cuttings.
Preparation of trees for winter: autumn pruning of fruit trees, whitewashing of fruit tree trunks.
Top dressing of trees and shrubs in autumn before winter.
Water-charging watering, especially bushes and trees.
Perform protection against rodents of fruit trees, young seedlings.

WITHame important autumn work v garden and vegetable garden
on which you want to dwell in more detail

Soil preparation in autumn

The beds in the autumn period are mulched with foliage before winter. Over the winter, the foliage will partially decompose. This will not prevent young shoots from breaking through in the spring. But there will be no weeds in the garden, thanks to the mulch.

You can simply cover the soil with newspapers folded in 3-4 layers. Lightly cover newspapers with soil to protect against wind. In the spring, do not rush to remove this shelter before flowering - under it overwintering pests will die who can't get to the surface. But at the time of flowering, beneficial insects come to the surface, and therefore, as soon as the plant begins to bloom, immediately remove the shelter.

You can water the foliage with the drug "Fitosporin" or "Shine". Under such a bed, earthworms start up, this will improve the structure of the soil and increase fertility. The ground will be loose in spring.

How to fertilize the soil in autumn

At the end of the month, rotted manure and compost can be applied under bushes and trees, humus can be added under and others, but also along the perimeter of the crown, and not in the center. Under cherries and plums, an additional half a bucket of ash should be added.

If mineral fertilizers are applied, then those in which minimum amount of nitrogen. After all, it provokes active growth and may not allow the plant to prepare for wintering. Mineral fertilizers for autumn application must contain trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium and calcium. They will allow plants to prepare for lower temperatures and, in general, for harsh wintering conditions.

If you are late with feeding

If at the end of the summer they did not make the necessary for the growth of the roots, what should I do? It is pointless to apply these fertilizers in the fall. The only thing left to do is to fertilize the soil" AVA“because it does not dissolve in water and, accordingly, is not washed out of the soil by either autumn or spring waters.

How to cultivate the land from pests in the fall

At the end of the month, water the vacated beds well, including in greenhouses, with a solution "Fitosporina-M". it is a natural biofungicide. The bacteria included in its composition tolerate frost well down to -20 ° C. Therefore, it will destroy pathogens of fungal and bacterial diseases. until the frost. Under the snow, it perfectly retains its properties in the soil for many years. Phytosporin can be used to water the soil under all plantings (especially under perennial flowers).

Prevention of plant diseases

What green manure to sow before winter

How to care for trees and bushes in autumn

Feeding trees and shrubs in autumn

Is it necessary to add manure or rotted compost to tree trunks? Organics, including manure, must be applied after the end of sap flow, otherwise it may cause undesirable growth of branches at such a late time. But it must be introduced not into the near-trunk circles, but along the perimeter of the crown - to where the sucking roots are.

Treatment of trees from pests and diseases

Pathogens and pests are destroyed by late (at the end of October) spraying of trees and bushes with a solution of any high concentration mineral fertilizer. The easiest way to do this is to use urea, taking 500-700 g of fertilizer per 10 liters of water. If the leaves haven't fallen yet, spray directly on them. We must force them to give everything they have accumulated to plants and die. Spray the ends of the branches especially carefully - aphids lay eggs on them. Walk well through all branches, trunk and soil in near-stem circles. In early spring (late March), this procedure should be repeated.

Processing near-stem circles of fruit trees

Experienced gardeners do not dig near the trunk circles, this destroys the fertile layer. It is best to cover the near-stem circles with tops, weeds and unrotted compost, especially along the perimeter of the crown, where thin sucking roots are located. In the center, near the trunk itself, there are no sucking roots that are damaged by frost, there are only conductive roots. They are as hardy as wood. All fallen leaves also need to be poured into tree trunks. Pests will be deeply buried under this layer. It is desirable to carry out these works just before night frosts.

Treatment of fruit tree trunks from pests

Treatment of the garden with insecticides and fungicides. Spraying tree trunks will help get rid of spores of pathogenic microbes (coccomycosis, scab, powdery mildew, etc.).

How to spray the trunks of fruit trees:

urea solution (per bucket of water 0.5 kg of urea)
or copper sulfate (300 g per bucket of water),
or laundry soap and soda ash (for a bucket of water 50 g of soap and 400 g of soda).
you can use the drug "HOM" (4%),
abundant irrigation with Bordeaux liquid (3%), blue irrigation
"Homecin", "Vectra".
preventive treatment with systemic fungicide "Skor", 1 ampoule per 10 liters of water.

Preparations differ in the temperature regime for the use of a particular agent.

Autumn work in the garden - planting seedlings

The end of September and the beginning of October is a good time for planting fruit shrubs and for transplanting fruit trees older than 3 - 5 years. The plants have already accumulated a supply of nutrients for the winter, the wood has matured (shoots) - after the leaf fall, the dormant time will begin. But the root system is still awake, which means that the roots will recover faster after transplantation.

We plant seedlings of black and red currants obliquely and deepen them by 10 - 15 cm. We plant gooseberries without an inclination. We do not cut the branches - it will overwinter better. Do not be afraid to deepen currants and gooseberries: every year new shoots will grow from under the ground, and the rejuvenation of the bush will become more intense in the future. By the way, red currants are much more resistant to frost than black currants.

After planting, water the seedlings abundantly, and when the water is absorbed, sprinkle the hole with dry soil, humus or peat.

How to prepare fruit bushes for winter

Pruning fruit bushes in autumn

The best time for pruning and fruit trees in the garden is late autumn. Wounds after pruning should be lubricated with brilliant green or hydrogen peroxide, and then with natural oil paint, or bitumen (black varnish for metal), or a very liquid garden pitch. Pros of autumn pruning also in that there are no leaves on the branches, it is easier to assess which branches are suitable for removal, and which are better left.

Autumn pruning of shrubs and trees

Pruning of shrubs and low-growing fruit trees is of two types - forming and sanitary.

Sanitation of trees consists in the removal of old dry branches.
Forming pruning - promotes the development of new green shoots.
It is impossible to carry out sanitary pruning of shrubs that bloom in spring in the fall.

Treatment of shrubs from pests and diseases

Currants and gooseberries are often attacked by pests such as caterpillars, powdery mildew and spider mites. Powdery mildew will be saved by standard treatment with copper-containing preparations. The following works well against spider mites:

Abundant watering of the currant bush washes away most of the tiny insects.
You can spray the bush and immediately wrap it for a short time with a film, creating a humidity inside above 80%, which kills ticks.
The web that entangles the berry bush needs to be collected.
Before this, each leaf damaged by a tick must be torn off, then burned so that the pests do not remain to winter in the soil of the garden.
You can put open jars of turpentine or ammonia around the bushes and cover them in the same way for a while.
When the damage to the currant is significant, it will not work without acaricidal preparations - all efforts will have a zero result.
Biological products increase the immunity of the plant: "Vertimek", "Fitoverm", "Aktofit", "Agravertin", "Kleshchevit".
Acaricidal preparations kill pests: Floromite, Sunmite, Oberon, Flumite.

Mulch the bush with rotted humus and sawdust at the end of October. And as soon as stable snow falls, throw snow on the bush to two-thirds of its height.

Autumn preparation of flowers for the winter

Planting bulbous flowers

In October, bulbous plants are usually planted, in particular, daffodils and hyacinths. Before planting, it would be nice to soak any bulbous plants for half an hour in a solution of the drug "Maxim" against rot or in a solution of "Fitosporin", or at least in a solution of potassium permanganate. Introduce rotted compost into the trench, then a layer of soil 10 cm, then a layer of sand 2-3 cm. It is enough to add a pinch of AVA fertilizer, but you can do with a tablespoon of ash. Spread the bulbs on the sand and cover them completely with sand. From above, any loose soil or peat should be poured with a height equal to two diameters of the bulbs.

Trimming and fertilizing flowers

At the end of the month, it is necessary to cut off perennial asters and chrysanthemums and also add ashes under them, at least a cup under the plant. In mineral dressings, limit the amount of nitrogen, which is responsible for increasing the mass, and introduce potash and phosphorus fertilizers, which allow perennials to receive root nutrition and fully prepare for winter dormancy. It is rational to apply fertilizers no later than the first decade of September, incorporation into the soil, followed by watering.

Perennial flower care in autumn

In the autumn they need to be dug up and divided. These are irises, violets, phlox, and others.

Phloxes: As soon as the first frosts have passed, you need to cut the stems as low as possible, near the ground. For the winter, cover for the winter, you can spruce branches.

Irises: When the leaves finally wither, towards the end of September, they are cut at a height of about 10-15 cm and burned. Then, before the snow, spud the roots and mulch with foliage or cover with spruce branches.

How to store dahlias and gladioli in winter

After the first frost, cut off the tops of dahlias, dig up the tubers, rinse in water, hold in a solution of potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes and put in a barn to form a dense peel. After a week, the tubers can be stored for storage, but first divide them into pieces. Each tuber should have a piece of the stem (neck), since the buds are laid at the very base of the neck. If the dahlias are dried, then dividing a piece of the stem will become difficult.

The roots are well preserved if each tuber is smeared twice with beaten egg white from moisture loss during storage. You can store them in a cardboard box or a cloth bag. The roots must be divided annually, otherwise the variety degenerates.

Shelters for roses, clematis

It's time to put clematis, as well as spud peonies, oriental hybrids (lilies), chrysanthemums, irises.

Pruning hydrangeas in autumn

Podzimny water-charging watering

Podzimny water-charging watering is a charge of plants with moisture before winter. Moisture charging watering provides not only a sufficient amount of moisture, but also improves their overall immunity and winter hardiness. Such watering contributes to the formation of a deeper root system in fruit and berry plants.

Moisture-charging irrigation is used mainly for fruit trees and shrubs. The roots of these plants go deep into the soil, and in September - October the second peak of root growth occurs, so trees and shrubs autumn needs a lot of moisture.

Podzimny watering is carried out in October and in the first half of November. At this time, the air temperature drops so much that the roots of the trees cease to consume moisture in large quantities.

Wetting depth soil should be: for a fruiting apple tree - 80-90 cm (40-60 liters per sq.m), for young apple trees, cherries, plums - 60-70 cm (35-50 liters per sq.m), for berry bushes - 50-60 cm (25-40 liters per sq.m).

Water-charging irrigation can have a negative effect on plants only on heavy clay soils and in low areas. If the garden has sandy or forest, podzolic soil, then winter watering is necessary.

Lawn care in autumn

Usually at the end of October or at the beginning of November, the last mowing of the lawn is carried out. Otherwise, the grass in the spring will hardly break through dried turf. They mow quite high (compared to mowing in spring and summer), at least 5 cm. It is impossible for a lot of snow to accumulate on the lawn - this can cause diseases in the grass (symptoms will be visible in the spring).

The lawn should also clear weeds and leaves so that they do not decompose on the grass, causing rotting. At the beginning of autumn we also do aeration or scarification lawns. Scarification speeds up the germination process of lawn grass seeds, thus the lawn will be more lush.

In autumn, you can use a reduced fertilizer nitrogen and high content potassium to feed the soil and prepare the lawn for the upcoming frost.

Autumn is the time of fogs and drizzling rains, rare rays of the sun regretfully give their warmth to the yellowed leaves chilled in the wind. Every day it gets cooler, and look, one morning the first frost will appear on the grass.

But the owners of dachas do not have to give in to despondency, the autumn time is the time for the completion of all field work and harvesting, active preparation for wintering. Fruitful work in the autumn garden is often the key to a rich harvest next year.

September in the country, work in the country in September

There is a lot of work in the garden and in the beds in September, all of it needs to be completed in a short time, sometimes it is even difficult to determine what to do first and what can be left for later. The main goals are harvesting and preparing garden plants for wintering.

garden care

September is the month of harvesting apples, in the first decade you should collect late summer varieties, in the second - autumn, the third - devote to harvesting winter varieties.

In early September, late varieties of plums and pears are also harvested. They do this focusing on the ripening time, in most cases they are processed for the winter, but some are left for fresh consumption. Winter pears can also be left for storage.

You will need to pay attention to the trees - so that the wood on the shoots of young non-fruiting plants has time to ripen by the beginning of winter, you will need to pinch the strongly growing shoots.

Organics and mineral fertilizers will need to be added to the soil, it is recommended to loosen the soil itself, cover it with a layer of mulch. It is desirable to perform this work during the period of yellowing of the leaves, i.e. before roots begin to grow. It is advisable to dig the earth with a pitchfork; they should be positioned so as to minimize damage to the roots of the tree. The depth of digging the soil around the trunk of pears and apple trees is about 12 cm, plums and cherries - 8 cm.

Until the rains start, you should dig holes for planting trees, autumn and planned for spring. Planting seedlings can be carried out in the last decade of September, during the same period you can plant raspberries and currants.

If spring planting is planned, then seedlings for the winter should be buried.

Spoiled fruits falling from trees should also be removed, burned or buried deep.

In the event of the appearance of lesions with scab, it will be necessary to spray the apple trees with urea before the leaf fall begins, 400 grams of urea are taken per ten-liter bucket of water, and 600 grams of urea are bred in the same ten-liter bucket for tilling the soil under the trees.

Trapping belts are removed from trees, pests that can be found are destroyed. All branches should be carefully examined, sick ones should be cut and burned.

The land under the trees can be mulched with rags or peat, it is advisable to moisten them with sharply smelling substances - they will scare away rodents.

If August and September are dry - the trees need to be watered abundantly - a dehydrated tree can dry out in severe frosts, annual growths suffer most from lack of moisture.

harvesting vegetable crops

From the beginning of September, harvesting of late varieties of potatoes begins. The tubers are carefully sorted out, dried well. Cellars and basements are used for storage.

Carrots are dug up with the onset of the first frost.

If it is removed earlier, then it is advisable to keep it for a couple of days in the refrigerator. A cooling step is essential to prevent germination during storage.

When harvesting beets, clean them so that a small amount of its aerial part remains.

Harvesting cauliflower should be done by pulling out the plants with roots, they are placed in a box and lowered into the cellar. In the process of growing, the size of the inflorescences will increase significantly. If the cabbage is left in the garden, it is covered with a layer of non-woven fabric, thereby providing protection from the cold.

we plant garlic

In early September (or within a month, depending on weather conditions), garlic is planted:

beds are being dug up
bring a bucket of humus and ash, in the amount of 1 liter per 1 sq.m
sand - 1/2 bucket, if the soil is clay
watering the garden in the evening

To plant garlic, you will need holes 12 cm deep, the distance between which should be 15x15 cm. It is advisable to add a tablespoon of sand and ash to each hole, the planted clove should be covered with sand, and the soil should be leveled.

Garlic should have time to take root before the onset of frost, it is desirable that it does not sprout. But the plant itself is cold-resistant, especially not afraid of frost. For the winter, it is desirable to "warm" garlic beds with straw, peat, or you can - with fallen leaves. You can also expand the branches - for snow retention.

Similarly, you can plant a little onion in the fall - at the very beginning of spring it will give green feathers that can be used to make vitamin salads.

Garlic does not like excess moisture, if the bed is flooded, you will need to take care of the arrangement of the drainage system. To do this, you can dig a groove between the beds with a depth of 45-50 cm - the water will leave the beds.

As you can see, a lot of tasks are set, so experienced gardeners recommend planning the order of work in advance, this will help to avoid haste. The owners of the dacha should also set aside time for rest - work should bring healthy fatigue, but not be a burden.

Autumn gardening, October

Since October is the month that completes the golden autumn in the middle lane, it is on it that the peak of temperature instability falls, during the day it can be almost summer-like warm, and frosts can be observed at night. Those. gardeners will have to systematically monitor the weather forecast.

Even in one area, the temperature can differ significantly - near large cities it will be higher, in villages located in open spaces, frosts are usually noted earlier. Those. gardening schedules may vary slightly over time.

But it is still recommended to familiarize yourself and take into account the traditional list of works - in order not to forget or miss anything, choose the optimal time to complete this or that work.

preparing flowers for winter

In the garden, you should continue planting bulbous flowers, such as tulips, hyacinths, lilies of the valley. Both freshly planted and previously planted plantings are recommended to be mulched with peat, the layer thickness can reach 5 cm.

If the weather allowed, and you have not dug up bushes of dahlias, begonias and gladioli before, then you should do this from the beginning of October, at above zero temperatures, on a sunny day. Wintering should be organized in a room with low humidity, and a temperature of about +5 C, basements, attics, glazed balconies are suitable.

Perennial flower crops can be left for the winter in the open air, it is recommended to cut off their stems, diseased ones should be burned, healthy ones can be placed in a compost pit. The soil on the flower beds should be loosened, do not forget to fertilize.

Cereal crops can not be cut, they will give the garden a decorative effect in winter, and at the same time they will retain snow.

Don't forget to pay attention to the rose bushes. From should be cut in accordance with the recommendations for the care of a particular variety, shoots that have not had time to ripen should be removed, whips of climbing roses should be shortened to the beginning of the lignified part.

Common to all types of roses is the need for mulching. You can use a mixture of sand and peat, about a bucket of the mixture will be required for each bush. You can devote time to this work at the end of October or in November, when the temperature will be stable at minus levels.

keep working in the garden

In gardens with fruit-bearing trees, work that began in September should be continued:

remove leaves and diseased fruits that have been left on the tree
loosen the soil in tree trunks
remove diseased and broken branches

You can also whitewash tree trunks. However, it is often possible to come across advice to refuse whitewashing - heavy autumn rains quickly wash off a layer of paint, therefore, they will not be able to protect the tree from sunburn received from the bright February and March sun, enhanced by snow.

Instead, it is recommended to wrap the trunks with a polypropylene cloth (sugar bags, after removing the polyethylene lining). In the spring, the bags should not be removed quickly - they protect well from the sun, allow air to pass through, the bark under them is not moistened.

Until the end of the month, it is desirable to plant all shrubs and trees with an open root system, with a closed one - you can plant throughout the year, including in winter.

Before the onset of severe frosts, it is possible to form the crown of trees by pruning, remove barren old branches and dry ones.

lawn care

Remember that in the fall it is necessary to apply fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium, nitrogen should be abandoned: stimulation of growth on the eve of winter is absolutely undesirable.

Use pitchforks or sandals with studded soles to aerate lawns.

preparing an artificial pond for winter

Preparations for winter will require an artificial reservoir on the site. We carefully clean it from fallen leaves and debris. To ensure the purity of the water, you can pre-stretch a protective mesh over it.

It is also recommended to drain the water, but not all, in particular - if there are fish in the pond. To prevent the ice from exerting destructive pressure on the walls of the reservoir, plastic containers half-filled with water should be immersed in water.

All equipment must be removed from the pond, cleaned, dried and stored.

Heat-loving aquatic plants should also be provided with high-quality wintering, they should be stored all winter in containers, in ventilated basements with a temperature of about 0 C.

working on the beds

Harvesting at such a time is usually already over, but if October is warm, then zucchini and squash should not be harvested, they can please with fruits even in October.

Leek can winter in the open ground, but it is advisable to mulch the bed with it with humus, peat, sawdust.

The tops of tomatoes and potatoes should be burned, this will prevent the reproduction of phytophthora next year.

Work can be carried out with a significant decrease in temperature, but the soil should not be frozen, it is better if it is 2-3 degrees.

The beds intended for spring planting should be dug up, while clods of earth from under the shovels are not broken - they help to retain snow, saturate the soil with oxygen and moisture. In addition, deeper freezing of the soil will lead to the death of the larvae of garden pests.

But digging beds after snowfall is not recommended - too deep moistening of the soil will create problems with evaporation of moisture in the spring, which can delay planting.

don't forget houseplants

With the beginning of October, it is recommended to remove all indoor flowers in the house - it will be too cold for them outside. Although no less stress awaits them there - the beginning of the heating season, and with it an increase in temperature and a decrease in air humidity, which is quite harmful for plants.

November at their summer cottage

With the beginning of November, the temperature may drop to negative levels, i.e. it's time for the final harvest. With the onset of November, the latest varieties of cabbage are harvested. The soil in the garden can be immediately dug up without breaking large clods of earth.

winter sowing of vegetables and flowers

Noticing that the earth began to freeze - sow the seeds:

parsley and dill
lettuce and cilantro
radishes and carrots

The beds after snowfall can be covered with a layer of peat or straw.

In early November, but in the event that the weather is cold enough, you can carry out winter planting of seeds:

matthiol and rudbecky
poppies and asters
cornflowers and escholcia
fragrant tobacco and calendula

A prerequisite: the temperature of the earth must be so low that the seeds do not begin to germinate in the fall. The main criterion for soil readiness can be the freezing of its surface layer.

flower care

Clematis are prepared for wintering by cutting the shoots of the third group, leaving three nodes above the ground. The ground part of rudbeckia, phlox, aconite, echinacea is cut off, leaving a stem length of about 10 cm.

With the onset of frost, you can cover rose bushes. To protect perennial flower crops from freezing, you can sprinkle them with earth.

You will need to check the stored dahlia and begonia tubers, gladiolus bulbs - remove everything on which you find defects.

we make stocks of soil

Do not forget to prepare the soil for growing seedlings. Of course, you can buy it at a gardening store, but using soil from the beds has some advantages - when planting, seedlings will take root better.

general work

Upon completion of work in the garden and on the beds, all equipment should be cleaned, washed and repaired, hidden in a dry room.

The collected seeds of vegetable crops and flowers are sorted and placed in paper bags, labeled and stored in a cool, dry place.

Before the onset of frost, it is recommended to drain the water from the summer water supply. All containers, buckets, barrels, etc. should be turned upside down. All drains should be cleared of fallen leaves. If there are unheated greenhouses and greenhouses, they are dismantled and conserved.

ornamental shrubs - how to properly organize wintering

Before the first heavy snowfalls, it is necessary to tie branches of thuja and juniper - snow and wind can break and ruffle them. It is too early to cover rhododendrons with frames with covering material, but it is recommended to tie the fragile branches of the plant.

Need protection from wind and frost and young coniferous trees.

So that hares do not damage the bark of young fruit trees in winter, they are tied with spruce branches, elderberry branches, and wormwood.

preparation of cuttings

In the second half of November, you can prepare cuttings for spring planting. During the period of a significant decrease in temperature and the absence of fruits and leaves, the cuttings acquire a special strength, which will give rapid development with the onset of spring.

It is quite difficult to organize high-quality storage of cuttings, because winters are now quite unpredictable, both in terms of rainfall and temperatures. If the cuttings are harvested a little, it is best to store them in the refrigerator. Large farms also use the method of storing cuttings in special refrigerators, with controlled temperature and humidity.

The main task of November can be called cleaning the territory of the dacha and the garden - they should plunge into a winter dream clean and tidy.

Autumn is more than just harvesting. Favorite time is the time of work, care of the earth and plants. The next year's harvest depends on the autumn work. All owners of country estates know: how to prepare for the winter, you will harvest such a crop in the fall.

The autumn period is important for preparatory work before the onset of cold weather. Any owner of even a small land area wants to keep his garden and plants on the site in the winter months. What works are most important, how to properly build preparations for winter, what must be done - this is only part of the necessary knowledge.

Harvesting and harvesting for the winter

The right approach to harvesting will ensure the successful completion of the season of labor and unrest. Collection rules are simple. The main requirement: to have time to collect all ripe fruits before frost. Lowering the temperature for most plants comes down to damage, rotting or complete destruction. Basic rules for collecting and harvesting:

Prepare storage space and containers. Each type of grown product has its own place of storage. What kind of room it will be, the owner decides. But in any place everything is arranged according to the established order. Chaotic piling up leads to the need to find the right workpiece.
Create a neighborhood. Banks, dried foods, fresh fruits cannot be just around. Some aromas interrupt neighboring ones and spoil their individuality and special taste. Therefore, for blanks, it is supposed to create cells, shelves, compartments. Why are plastic containers prepared, for other types of wicker baskets or wooden boxes.
To study the features of maturation. Many berries, vegetables and fruits ripen gradually. Therefore, they are not collected all at once, but in parts. Then it is easier to carry out processing, there will be no blockage in economic problems.
Thorough check before placing in storage containers. One damaged fruit can lead to the death of the entire batch.

How to store is a priority only for the owner of the site and his family members. The pleasure of the harvest will be provided by the type of harvesting that we most prefer.

The right approach to harvesting will ensure the successful completion of the season of labor and unrest.

Replanting shrubs and trees

Autumn transplantation requires accuracy and careful preparation. In order not to damage the plant when changing its location, the following actions are carried out:

clean the root neck;
pour plenty of water;
find the contours of the location of the underground part of the bush;
dig around outlines;
prepare a trolley or other container for transporting the plant.

If the movement is long, then a fabric bag will be required, where the root system will be placed. In addition, it is necessary to tie the upper part, especially if it is sprawling and wide.

In the place where it is supposed to plant a new plant, also carry out preparatory work:

a hole is being prepared;
the land is fertilized;
let the soil settle (calm down from mechanical actions).

Immediately after the delivery of the bush to a new site, you should not rush to transplant. First you need to evaluate the correspondence between the sizes of the hole and the root system. The hole should be slightly larger. So, so as not to push the roots, but calmly spread them out at the bottom of the prepared recess. The earth is not tamped, but simply falls asleep. If they dug up a tree with a clod of earth, they do not try to beat it off. Everything that was brought from the old place is placed in a new hole. After the first sprinkling with soil, the bush is watered. Then the earth is added, watered again and left until the morning. Water should not be spared: it is easier for the plant to gain a foothold in moist soil. The next day the tree is checked. Must See, whether the bush is formed correctly. If there are weak shoots, extra branches, they are removed. Experienced gardeners cover young fruit trees with a special cloth, which is removed only in early spring.

How to prepare the garden for winter (video)

Autumn top dressing

By sharing the harvest, the plants of the garden become weaker. It can be compared with people after a working day. Leaving weakened crops for the winter means leaving them unprotected against the challenges of the upcoming snow season. What fertilizer to apply will tell the quality of the soil. It must be returned to the state of the beginning of the fruiting season. Feed should be purchased ready-made compositions of microelements and home-made mixtures:

humus;
superphosphate;
potassium salt.

Strawberry varieties require mandatory feeding. Immediately after collecting the last sweet berries, old leaves are cut off, the soil is loosened, weeds are removed. Then mineral fertilizers are applied. What can be used:

ammophos;
humus;
peat.

There are special ones that contain a whole range of necessary substances. Proper feeding will strengthen the plants, they will survive the winter more easily and give a new crop.

Proper feeding will strengthen the plants, they will survive the winter more easily and give a new crop.

Cleaning the garden from leaves and grass

Autumn leaf fall is beautiful, but also adds a lot of trouble for gardeners. A huge amount of foliage covers the ground. The question arises whether it is necessary to remove the foliage and where to put it. There are several approaches to the problem. Everyone chooses their own solution:

Creation of compost pits. Scientists warn about the reproduction of pests of horticultural crops in fallen leaves. To save the site from diseases, choose a place to create humus. Experienced gardeners advise digging a hole at the end of the site, in its shaded part. A box is created on the surface, up to the level of the fence. Leaves, weeds, and other unnecessary plants are put there. Everything that gets into the pit rots and makes it possible to get excellent fertilizer for most plants.
Creation of a protective layer. The foliage is collected in small piles, distributed under garden trees. The root system receives additional protection and trace elements that fall into the ground during the long winter. Leaves protect flower crops well, so flower beds can be covered with foliage.
Covering material for strawberries. There is a described experience when strawberries are covered with foliage between beds.

Lawns must be cleared of leaves. It is dangerous to cover such areas. If you leave the leaves, then in the spring at its location yellow spots will be visible from the dampness of the lawn grass.

Lawns must be cleared of leaves

Mulching and sheltering garden plants in autumn

The mulching method will help overwinter the most whimsical crops. Advantages of autumn shelter:

moisture retention;
loosening the soil;
overheat protection;
preservation of trace elements useful for roots and stems;
control of weed growth.

Mulching creates the right environment for crops. The earth remains moist and warm.

How can you mulch the soil:

Fallen autumn leaves: during the winter period, the foliage rots, the soil is naturally fertilized, its quality is improved. In autumn, when digging, the foliage gets inside, improving the condition of the root systems, increasing the access of air and moisture.
conifer needles: do not allow the earth to freeze and dry out. The needles are not used for land that will be used for growing tomatoes.
wood shavings and bark: better such material is not suitable for full mulching, but partial. Only one of the lowest layers is created from wood residues, the top one from others (needles, foliage).
Remains of plants bearing fruit in summer: Heaps are rolled from old plants and placed on top of the soil in a thin layer.
Sawdust: only old ones that have aged for more than one season will do. Sawdust is placed where frequent digging and loosening is not required.
Bark: maintains the desired temperature under itself, does not allow cold air, maintains the desired level of humidity.
Newspapers: inhibit the growth of weeds, retains heat. The newspaper is laid whole, you can tear it into small pieces. Choose only black and white or color is not worth it. The quality of printing does not affect the desired effect, any newspaper editions are suitable.
Hay: holds back the weight of snow, retains the air layer, does not allow the roots to freeze or dry out.

Any layer of mulch needs to be monitored when it loses its quality or is renewed or changed. Autumn mulching is designed to ensure that any material used will overwhelm during the winter and in the spring will not interfere with the soil, naturally warming up under the sun.

Autumn work in the country (video)

Preparing the garden for winter

Any site needs to be prepared for the winter cold. The frosty season can damage bare trees. Rules have been developed for preparation, there are many tips that can help experienced and novice gardeners.

Harvest in autumn

The collection of everything that the earth gave after the labors invested in it will please. But only the one who does all the work measuredly, slowly, without tension and fear that he did not do everything and not in the right way will receive true pleasure. The whole of September and August is scheduled by experienced gardeners for a particular crop. There are even fixed dates:

onions - September 20;
vegetables - September 28;
cabbage - the end and middle of September;
October 1 - the end of the collection.

In October and November, they no longer work with plants, but with buildings. They are also prepared for the winter. These are the days for the last blanks and laying them in storage.

The collection of everything that the earth gave after the labors invested in it will please

Fertilization and planting green manure in the fall

The practice of agricultural work in the autumn period confirms that some of the actions can become laborious and useless. These include plowing the land with the introduction of fertilizers and manure into it. In the spring, everything will have to be repeated again. Manure and fertilizers are simply spread over the surface without covering them with a new layer of soil. Ash is considered one of the best helpers for the soil before winter. Therefore, it is advised to collect it in advance. Any remnants of paper, branches, boards are burned and stored in buckets. Ash - organic fertilizer capable of saturating the soil with important trace elements.

Green manures create a crop rotation in the field. Immediately after the snow melts, they will please their owners with the first greenery. For green manure, special compatibility tables have been created. They explain which crops can be planted one after the other. The roots of green manure crops will fulfill the task assigned to fertilizer, they will improve the condition of the soil, restore its quality and characteristics. Types and roles of green manure:

loosening: rye, mustard, oats;
disinfection: radish, calendula, oats;
improvement of fertile characteristics: legumes, oats, alfalfa;
pest protection: marigolds, lupins, calendula.

The soil will be fertilized and fertile if mustard, beans, rye and rapeseed are sown before the snow cover.

Ash is an organic fertilizer capable of saturating the soil with important microelements

Autumn planting in the garden

Part of green manure is planted before winter, such work will speed up the time until the harvest. There are several advantages of autumn plantings:

planting early garden crops;
soil loosening;
additional saturation of the soil with the necessary microelements;
protection from the spring sun and unexpectedly returning spring frosts;
transition to mulch.

What is better to plant before winter:

fruit trees;
deciduous tree species;
ornamental shrubs;
fruit and berry bushes;
bulbous flowers;
perennial flower crops.

There are some plants that, when planted before winter, will give the desired harvest and early shoots.

Garlic;
Carrot;
Parsley;
Dill;
Parsnip;
Sorrel.

In autumn, they work with grafted rose bushes. They have time to take root and overwinter more easily.