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Repair in apartments of the old fund often requires a complete replacement of all heating radiators. The cast-iron monsters of the Soviet period cannot last forever; moreover, their efficiency leaves much to be desired. A natural question arises: which heating radiators are better for an apartment? The price of a product is not the only selection criterion. It is important to think over everything to the smallest detail - from the aesthetic component to practicality and economy.
The comfortable temperature in the house depends on the choice of the heater.
What heating radiators are better to put in an apartment: types, disadvantages and disadvantages
Heating devices are made of various materials, each of them reacts differently to pressure and temperature. So, the types of heating batteries in the apartment:
Convector steel batteries
These are panels and, between which metal plates are installed. The heating medium circulates in the panels. These devices are believed to have the highest heat dissipation.
Such devices are very popular among the owners of country houses. Steel heaters are produced in the Czech Republic, Italy, Finland. They differ in the number of sections and metal edges.
Positive aspects of steel radiators:
- good heat dissipation;
- low power consumption;
- low inertia;
- environmental friendliness;
- affordable price.
Cons of steel batteries:
- tendency to form rust;
- instability to water hammer.
It is the last minus that is a significant obstacle to installing a steel heater in a multi-storey building. When deciding which radiators are better for an apartment, steel heaters should be considered last.
Cast iron batteries
These products are considered the cheapest and most durable.
Art Nouveau or retro cast iron is produced in England, France and Turkey.These radiators withstand pressure up to twelve bar and coolant temperature up to one hundred and ten degrees. Thus, water hammer and boiling of water in the heating system are not terrible for them.
Advantages of cast iron heating systems:
- half a century of operation;
- resistance to temperature and pressure of centralized heating systems
- long-term preservation of heat, slow cooling.
Disadvantages:
- heavy weight, which requires particularly strong fasteners;
- long warm-up period;
- a large amount of coolant used;
- fragility.
Aluminum heaters
Solving the problem "How to choose heating radiators for an apartment with central heating", unfortunately, products made of lightweight and durable aluminum should be excluded from the list. These batteries have the best thermal conductivity and an attractive exterior. But they are completely unsuitable for use in a district heating system due to their instability to water hammer.
Aluminum heaters are available in lithium and extrusion types and can withstand pressures up to only 16 bar.
Therefore, if the apartment is equipped with its own boiler, it is difficult to find better than these radiators.
Advantages:
Disadvantages of aluminum heaters:
- short service life - up to fifteen years;
- weak convection;
- chemical instability of the material;
- inability to withstand water hammer.
Bimetallic products
At first glance, these batteries are very similar to aluminum ones. Their body is made of this lightweight metal, and the interior is made of steel elements.
Bimetallic heaters are produced in Russia and Italy.On sale you can find pseudo-bimetallic products, additionally reinforced with steel verticals. They are less resistant to corrosion, but they are characterized by increased heat transfer.
Advantages of bimetallic products:
- high heat transfer;
- resistance to water hammer;
- ease of installation;
- aesthetics.
Minuses:
- high price.
Which radiators are better: aluminum or bimetallic?
In this question, there can be only one answer: of course, bimetallic heaters are the best choice. They not only combine all the advantages of aluminum and steel products. These batteries are distinguished by their increased strength and resistance to water hammer, which often threatens district heating systems and is the main cause of numerous accidents in heating networks.
Useful information! Bimetallic devices can withstand pressure up to twenty atmospheres!
Selection and calculation
So, how to choose heating batteries (radiators) for an apartment in an apartment building:
- Devices must maintain a pressure of at least 15 atmospheres.
- Heaters must withstand water hammer.
- The design of the device must be resistant to corrosion and chemical attack.
- The heat transfer indicators of the device should be studied.
The aesthetics of the device is not the last selection criterion
- Batteries may not last forever, but the longer they last, the better.
How to calculate the number of radiators
For the calculation, it is necessary to measure the area of the room. This is a problem for a third grader: you need to multiply the width by the length. For example, a standard room 3x5 m = 15 sq. meters of area.
Heating an apartment located in central Russia requires an average of 41 watts of thermal energy per square meter. Multiply 15 by 41 to get 615 watts. For our own peace of mind, let's round up the figure to 650.
Each modern battery has technical documentation, which indicates its thermal power. It remains only to select the required number of sections. The proposed calculation option is very conditional and does not take into account the specifics of a particular apartment. therefore, we suggest using the calculator below.
What are the best heating radiators for an apartment: the price of products and manufacturers
Despite the fact that the choice of heating devices on the domestic market is very wide, there are undoubted leaders among manufacturers who have earned an impeccable reputation:
- Smart (China);
- Kermi (Germany);
- Purmo (Finland);
- Rifar (Russia);
- Royal (Italy);
- Global (Italy).
To solve the problem, what are the best heating radiators for an apartment, the price of the product is not decisive, but it remains an important factor. Below are the most popular battery models.
Table 1. Overview of popular models of radiators
| Image | Model | Material | Mount type | Heat transfer, W | Average price, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Monolit 500 Rifar | bimetallic | wall | 1960 | 6890 |
 | STYLE 500 PLUS Global | bimetallic | wall | 1140 | 6991 |
 | RS 500 Bimetal Sira | bimetallic | wall | 2010 | 8450 |
 | Thermo 500 Revolution Royal | aluminum | wall | 1448 | 3704 |
 | Alum 500 Rifar | aluminum | wall | 1464 | 3840 |
 | RAP Thermal 500 | aluminum | wall | 1288 | 3120 |
 | 22,500 FTV (FKV) Kermi | steel | wall | 1930 | 5332 |
 | 22 500 Compact Purmo | steel | wall | 1470 | 4119 |
 | 2180 Arbonia | steel | wall | 780 | 8132 |
 | 500 STI Nova | cast iron | wall | 1200 | 6470 |
The long-term operation of the entire system and its efficiency completely depend on the correct selection of batteries. Increased requirements are imposed on such equipment, especially when used in an apartment. In multi-apartment buildings, heating is most often tied to a centralized scheme, which increases the risk of water hammer. What is better for an apartment will be suggested by an analysis of individual models and characteristics of equipment.
Read in the article
Heating radiators: which are best for an apartment and the choice of type
When deciding which heating radiators are best installed in an apartment, you need to learn more about the capabilities of a heating system in multi-apartment buildings. At the same time, there is no need to equip and monitor the operation of the equipment, controlling the entire process. moves from one device to another, giving off heat through the surface of the radiator.
This system has various problems. The water in the batteries often changes temperature, and there are also pressure drops. A water hammer with a battery breakthrough is especially dangerous.
When selecting heating devices, you should pay attention to the following criteria:
- material of manufacture;
- the ability of the structure to withstand a pressure of about 12-15 atmospheres;
- the material must be distinguished by safety and resistance to a sharp pressure head and its drops;
- the product should not undergo corrosion and various damage;
- an important indicator of a product is the heat transfer of equipment;
- operational period;
- product appearance.
When choosing radiators, it is worth considering the operating and test pressure.
Helpful advice! It is not worth paying more money for the safety margin of pressure indicators, since the shut-off valves will not withstand a pressure of more than 15 kg / cm².
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Types of heating batteries in the apartment and their characteristics
Before choosing heating radiators for an apartment, let's look at the basic materials of manufacture:
| Varieties of radiators | Specifications |
| Cast iron | Pressure value from 10 to 13 bar. The power indicator of the section is up to 160 watts. A temperature indicator is acceptable - 150 degrees. |
| Aluminum | Pressure from 7 to 17 bar. Maximum value of water temperature in the battery - 110. |
| Steel | Pressure from 6 to 15 bar. High heat transfer rate. Corrosion protection. |
| Bimetallic | Provided for pressure up to 50 atmospheres and temperatures up to 130 degrees. |
Features of cast iron radiators
Cast iron radiators were especially popular back in Soviet times. Such designs have certain advantages:
- long service life;
- corrosion resistance;
- affordable cost;
- maintaining the temperature when the system is turned off.
Also, such structures are resistant to various types of heat carriers, ease of installation and resistance to various chemical compounds.
The disadvantages include the fact that such products heat up for a long time, are characterized by heavy weight and do not have protection against water hammer. The choice of cast iron types of heating radiators for an apartment is as good as the choice of such an option for industrial buildings, suburban dwellings and cottages.
Steel models
Steel products do not have sections, but are made as a set. They can withstand temperatures up to 120 degrees. It is believed that it is better to mount them in self-contained buildings or in small buildings. You cannot use such elements in high rooms: in bathrooms or. The steel unit must always be filled with water to protect it from.
Deciding which heating radiators are best for an apartment and choosing this option, you can get certain advantages. Such a device warms up quickly, is characterized by increased heat transfer and has a presentable design.
Steel options are tubular and panel. The latter have the following advantages:
- excellent heat dissipation;
- environmentally friendly safety;
- low cost;
- high level of efficiency.
The disadvantages include susceptibility to corrosion, the inability to use in multi-storey buildings, and convection can provoke the appearance of drafts.
The tubular models have the following advantages:
- increased heat transfer rate;
- working pressure from 8 to 15 bar;
- protective properties against corrosion.
The main indicators for these two types of radiators differ little. Only tubular models are more expensive due to their higher values.
Aluminum products
Many people are interested in how to choose a heating radiator made of aluminum. There are two types of such instructions. Cast - are made by casting and have wide walls. Extrusion - differ in the technology of extrusion of an aluminum alloy through an extruder. You cannot add sections to such a product.
The benefits include:
The disadvantages include susceptibility to corrosion, fragility and a tendency to form leaks. In addition, such designs do not provide protection against water hammer. Similar designs are produced by representatives of different countries. These are the Chinese companies Konner and Lammin. Russian firm Rifar and equipment from Italy from Global and Royal Thermo.
Note! It is important that the appliance has a polymer coating to extend the life of the product.
Which radiator is better than aluminum or bimetallic?
When deciding which heating radiator is best for an apartment - bimetallic or aluminum, it is worth learning about their features.
A feature of an aluminum product is that it can only be purchased for private houses. You cannot install such equipment in production where there are pressure surges. The aluminum radiator can be used in conjunction with a temperature controller. Exceeding the permissible pressure indicator is fraught with rupture of the battery and the appearance of internal corrosion.
They are able to serve for a long period of time, as they are resistant to pressure head up to 50 atmospheres. These structures consist of a steel filling and aluminum ribs. They warm up quickly and are characterized by an aesthetic appearance. The disadvantages include the accumulation of slag deposits inside the sections. In addition, due to the use of several material options, the heat transfer rate may be reduced.
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Heating radiators: prices and model overview
Considering which heating battery is best for an apartment, it is recommended to read about models from different manufacturers. When making a purchase, you need to familiarize yourself with the certificate of conformity.
Models of the following manufacturers are popular with domestic consumers:
- Italian companies Syrah and Global produce equipment that is well adapted to Russian heating systems;
- German company models Kermi are distinguished by powerful convection and excellent quality;
- steel tubular radiators are manufactured by a company from Sweden Zehnder ... Such structures are covered with an anti-corrosion compound that protects the steel surface at any acidity;
- Rifar Is a domestic manufacturer. Its products can be used in central heating systems;
- products of a Chinese company Smart differs in low cost;
- German manufacturer Arbonia sells high-quality appliances characterized by modern design and durability.
How to calculate the power of radiators and the number of sections?
The acquisition of efficient, high-quality equipment should be complemented by correct calculations of the number of sections.
SNiP consists of design rules and operating standards for heating systems. Taking it into account, it is necessary to mount radiators. For the calculations to be effective, it is worth using the following rules:
- the maximum width of the structure should not exceed 70% of the size of the window opening;
- the product must be mounted along the center line of the window;
- the distance between the wall and the device is 3-5 cm;
- the product should rise no more than 12 cm above the floor;
- the distance from the battery to the windowsill is 5 cm.
In some cases, for better heat transfer, the wall surface is covered with a special one. Such rules promote the free movement of air masses. For the correct calculation, you need to know the following parameters:
- the size of the rooms;
- the number of and and windows;
- materials for building a house;
- placement of rooms relative to the cardinal points;
- technical parameters of the heating structure.
The table shows a simple calculation of the number of sections.
| Power of 1 section of the heating radiator according to the passport, W | Room area, m2 | ||||||
| 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | |
| 140 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 16 |
| 150 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 15 |
| 160 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 180 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 13 |
| 190 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| 200 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
When restoring a heating system or installing a new one, a natural question arises - which radiators to choose so that they are not only efficient and heat the home well, but also fit perfectly into the interior. Despite the fact that the appearance of heating elements is important, first of all, you should pay attention to technical characteristics, such as operating pressure, temperature limit, as well as the material from which the batteries are made. However, which heating radiators for an apartment is better to choose among all the variety on the heating system market? Let's try to figure out the main criteria for choosing heating devices.
Read in the article:
Which is better to choose a heating radiator for an apartment
The water coming from the centralized water supply to the heating system goes a long way, carrying various chemical and mechanical impurities, which slowly but surely lead to the destruction of pipes and heating elements. Not the least role in the failure of the radiator is played by frequent water shocks, which cause the devices to burst and leak, flooding everything around with hot water. Therefore, before choosing heating radiators for an apartment, you need to study the main criteria that high-quality and efficient heating devices must meet.
What you should pay attention to first of all is the metal from which the radiator is made, in particular, its physical and chemical parameters. The battery must withstand a pressure 1.5 times that created in the heating circuit. For example, in Soviet houses this figure does not exceed 5-8 atm., While in the heating circuit of modern high-rise buildings it is 12-15 atm.
The market offers a huge selection of radiators of any color, configuration and materials Also, the metal from which the heating battery is made must be resistant to sudden pressure surges in the system, to the so-called "water hammer". For your information, if it is noticed that clicks and hum are heard in the pipes, then it is better to contact the utilities, since this is a sure sign that not everything is in order with the pressure and it is better to immediately prevent the possibility of an accident.
Before choosing a heating battery-radiator, it should be borne in mind that the water in our water supply system is full of various chemical compounds and mechanical particles, therefore the metal used for the production of heating devices must be able to resist corrosion and other damage.
Heat transfer is an indicator of efficiency. Accordingly, if you want warmth in the room in winter, you need to choose heating radiators that have a high heat output.
Terms of operation. Everything is clear here, because the larger it is, the less often heating batteries will have to be changed, which means that there is an opportunity to save significant money and effort.
The design of the radiator is very important, since the heating device must harmoniously fit into the interior of the room. A huge assortment of heating devices on the market allows you to purchase batteries for every taste and budget, but at the same time makes it difficult to choose.
So, before choosing heating batteries for an apartment, you need to weigh the pros and cons and only then make a purchase and start installing them.
The main types of heating radiators for an apartment
As we already understood, the choice of radiators is not an easy matter, and in order to make it easier for yourself, you first need to learn a little about the types of heating batteries in apartments in modern houses.
Advantages and disadvantages of cast iron radiators
Nondescript and massive cast-iron radiators are familiar to the older generation since the existence of the USSR. Modern cast iron radiators look neater and sleeker. Like everything in this world, a cast-iron heating battery, the price of which fluctuates depending on the model and manufacturer, has its advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages include:
- long service life, which is over 50 years;
- resistance to corrosion;
- undemanding to the purity of the coolant;
- long-term preservation of heat, in cases of shutdown of the heating system;
- acceptable cost.
The disadvantages are that cast-iron batteries heat up for a long time, are heavy, are difficult to install and are practically not protected from hydraulic shocks.
General technical characteristics of cast iron heating radiators MS-140-500
The standard section has a volume of 4 liters and a weight of 7.5 kg. The heating area is 0.23 m 2. Heating occurs due to convection flows (no more than 20%), and the rest is due to radiation. That is why cast iron batteries are mounted under windows.
Heating batteries made of steel
Steel heating radiators are available in two versions - panel and tubular. Schematically, panel batteries look like two steel panels, 1.2 mm thick, with stamped channels for the coolant and welded together. For greater efficiency of the radiator, 2-3 panels are connected parallel to each other. As a result, such a steel three-panel battery, the size of a cast-iron analogue, weighs almost the same, and with a thickness of 160 mm. even exceeds it. Having decided to buy steel heating radiators for your apartment, you need to take into account that the indicators of panel batteries, in terms of heat transfer, are no better than cast iron models.
Among the positive aspects of panel radiators, it is worth noting:
- Efficiency up to 77%;
- high heat transfer;
- environmental Safety;
- low cost.
The disadvantages, the owners of steel panel heating radiators, include:
- susceptibility to corrosion;
- inexpediency of installation in high-rise buildings due to the high risk of water hammer;
- the convection inherent in this type of battery contributes to the formation of drafts.
Consumer interest in tubular steel heating radiators is more caused by a variety of shapes, which makes it possible to fit this heating device into almost any interior. Tubular batteries are stronger than panel ones due to the 1.5 mm wall thickness and can withstand up to 16 atm. For this reason, steel radiators are installed only in houses with autonomous heating.
The advantages of this type of battery are:
- high working pressure;
- greater efficiency compared to panel counterparts;
- corrosion protection.
In principle, comparing panel and tubular radiators, it is worth noting that their strengths and weaknesses are almost the same. However, having the ability to withstand higher operating pressures, tubular steel radiators are much more expensive than panel counterparts.
Aluminum radiators
Heating radiators are also produced in two modifications - cast and extrusion. This nuance must be taken into account when deciding which aluminum radiator to choose for your apartment.
Cast battery sections are made individually from an aluminum-silicon alloy (silumin). Sewing takes place at increased pressure, which makes it possible to obtain sections of the most different shapes that can withstand 6-16 atm. For strength, the walls of the battery are made thick, and expanded channels for water are created for free circulation of the coolant. Cast sections can be combined into a single battery
Elements of extrusion aluminum batteries are made separately, by extrusion and then connected together. This method is cheap, but in such a radiator it is impossible to remove or add a section.
Structurally, aluminum batteries are more perfect than their cast iron counterparts. The aluminum section is 110 mm deep. against 140, the heating area is 0.4 m 2, and the volume is 0.5 liters. Heat transfer by convection and radiation is approximately the same - almost 50% each. When adding new sections, the heating area increases to 0.5 m 2, which increases the proportion of the convection component to 60%. Heat transfer indicators of an aluminum heating radiator in the table presented after the types of batteries.
Positive characteristics of aluminum heating radiators:
The disadvantages are:
- short service life;
- susceptibility to corrosion;
- vulnerability to water hammer;
- tendency to leak.
And we will complete the listing of the advantages and disadvantages with a rating of an aluminum heating radiator.
| Photo | Manufacturer | Model and dimensions of 1 element (W / H / D), mm. | Heat transfer of 1 battery cell, W | Approximate cost of 1 section, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal (Russia) | Standard Plus 500 (79/531/72) | 198 | From 460 | |
| Oasis (Russia) | Al 500/80 (79/531/72) | 170 | From 480 | |
| Sira | ALICE ROYAL 95/500 (80/580/95) | 190 | From 580 | |
| Global | ISEO 500 (80/582/80) | 180 | From 800 | |
| Royal thermo | Indigo 500 (80/591/100) | 185 | From 670 |
Bimetallic batteries: pros and cons
The design of these heating devices successfully combines the strength of steel and the thermal conductivity of aluminum. Bimetallic radiators are capable of withstanding pressures up to 35 atm., And well withstand water hammer. When deciding which bimetallic or other material heating batteries are best for an apartment, it is worth taking into account that radiators of two materials can be connected to the heating system in several ways to ensure maximum efficiency.
The image below is a sectional view that clearly shows the structure of this heater.
The advantages of bimetallic batteries include the following:
- high level of heat transfer;
- resistance to hydraulic shocks;
- a small amount of coolant is required for normal operation;
- ease of installation;
- attractive appearance.
Among the few disadvantages:
- lower heat transfer in comparison with aluminum counterparts;
- high price.
The given table of heat transfer of a bimetallic heating radiator and batteries made of other materials will help determine the choice of the desired design.
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Technical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, connection methods, criteria for the correct choice, an overview of firms, the nuances of do-it-yourself installation - read the publication.
In principle, we figured out the types and brief characteristics of heating radiators, and now it is worth familiarizing ourselves with the basic calculations of the required number of sections, heat transfer and other characteristics.
How to calculate the required number of radiator sections
When reconstructing or creating a new heating system, in order not to suffer from the cold in a poorly heated room, you first need to carry out some calculations that will allow you to select and install effective heating devices. To select the necessary heating devices, as we have already found out, you need to know the material from which they are made, their resistance to corrosion, the heat transfer of the heating radiator, the table was given above, the number of sections and much more. The required number of heating radiators is calculated in two ways - by the volume of the room or by its area. It is also necessary to take into account the estimated pressure in the central heating battery.
Basic calculations to determine the number of sections and heat output
Area calculation
It is believed that in order to compensate for the heat losses of a building and create a comfortable temperature regime for a person, it is required to provide a thermal power within the range of 100 W / m 2. You can use a calculator to determine the required number of heating radiator sections or make simpler calculations using the formula
N = S × 100 / Pc, where
- N - the number of battery heating elements;
- S - the area of the room;
- Pc – thermal power of one element of the heating structure (data are indicated in the technical data sheet of the battery).
Volume calculation
To make a more accurate calculation of the number of heating radiator sections, they resort to calculating the volume of the room that will be heated. Moreover, for a brick house, the power of the heating system should be 34 W / m 2, and for a panel house - 41 W / m 2. Calculations are done using almost the same formula that was given above, but slightly modified:
N = S × h × 34 (41) / Pc , where
- h - ceiling height.
Of course, when deciding to purchase a one-piece non-separable battery, there is no need in the calculations to divide by the thermal power of 1 radiator element. Then the resulting value will mean the total power of the heating battery, which is required for a particular room.
It should be noted right away that these formulas will be correct only for standard average conditions. For this reason, when making calculations by volume or area, it is imperative to take into account the correction factors determined by the minimum winter temperature prevailing in the region of residence, the location of the room, the degree of wall insulation, the number and type of windows, and the location of the doors. Even the installation layout and location of the radiators can play a big role in calculating the thermal power of the battery.
It is rather difficult to list all this in one article and therefore it is best to use a special calculator.
Calculator for calculating the required thermal power of heating radiators
When the construction work on the house is completed, the question arises of how to arrange the heating system so that the house is warm. The main component of the heating system is, of course, heating radiators. Their choice must be approached with particular seriousness, because the strength, durability and reliability of your system depends on it.
The downside is the prohibitively high price, which is inaccessible to the middle class. You can buy cheap models of bimetallic radiators, but only the name remains of the qualities in them.
It is not advisable to use bimetallic radiators for a private house due to the high cost. They have the greatest strength, but the local network of the heating system does not have high pressure, so the advantage of this radiator is useless in this case.
By structure, radiators are divided into tubular, sectional, convector and panel radiators.
Steel radiators
All batteries have functional drawbacks. The convector radiator is durable, economical, safe and beautiful enough. The only drawback is the high price, because they are made from high-quality and expensive materials.
To correctly give preference to one or another type of radiator, such a characteristic as power will help. It is easy to calculate it: in a room with a ceiling height of 300 cm and one window, 100 watts will be needed to heat one square meter. When the room has two outer walls, add another 20%. If there are two outer walls and two windows, add 30%. When the window exits to the north side - you should throw 10%. An important factor will be the installation of radiators, because no matter how good you buy the batteries, if they are installed incorrectly, there is still zero sense from this. Loss of heat
- batteries are always placed under windows
- their length must correspond to the length of the window, or at least half the length
- in the corner room, an additional pair of radiators can be installed along the outer wall
- it is better to mount heating risers in the corners. This will ensure their warming up and the ability to avoid blackening of the wall and the formation of mold.
- they must be available at all times.
When choosing heating radiators, you should rely on the technical characteristics of the radiators and the heating system itself, as well as the budget. With proper study, you can always find a middle ground for yourself.
The radiator is a necessary link in the heating mechanism of a private home or apartment. He is responsible for keeping the room comfortable and warm. Therefore, when choosing it, it is necessary to take into account not only the cost and external design, but also the technical characteristics of a particular product. After all, if the characteristics declared by the creator of the radiator are not the same in practice, then the device will soon wear out and break down is simply inevitable.
Main characteristics
In a private house, unlike high-rise buildings, an autonomous heating mechanism is being installed, that is, a system that does not depend at all from a conventional boiler room. For this reason, the temperature of the heating medium, as well as the network pressure, will be completely different.
When you choose heating batteries to be installed in a private house, a number of factors should be taken into account:
- In buildings of this type, the pressure on the coolant, tanks and radiator pipes will be significantly less. In fact, radiator batteries will not experience such loads, which is why you can choose any model, even with thin walls.
- In buildings of this type, the length of the pipes from the heat source to the radiator is small when compared with multi-storey buildings. For this reason, the heat losses are practically zero, and the heat carrier will heat up more. That is, in a private house, models should be installed that will withstand such temperatures.
- It takes quite a bit of liquid to fill such a heating system. If desired, you can add ethyl alcohol and antifreeze to it. So you can make protection for radiators and pipes if the boiler will not turn on for a long time.
- Even the slightest possibility of the occurrence of the so-called water hammer is excluded. True, in private houses, a problem may appear, expressed in the freezing of water in the pipes. This will cause the batteries to burst if a person forgot to drain the water before leaving.
When choosing heating radiators for a private house, you should start from the main parameter - the area that you are going to heat. In the same cottages, the space requiring heating will be large, and the energy consumption will be the same. It is best to install such batteries that will allow high-quality heating with a minimum of heat costs.
Views
It should be said that heating batteries are of various types. And here we are talking not so much about their shape and size, but about the material from which they are made. After all, it's no secret to anyone that different metals have different heat transfer rates, which is why the efficiency of batteries can vary significantly.
Speaking specifically about the types, there are radiators:
- cast iron;
- made of aluminum;
- bimetallic;
- vacuum;
- of steel;
- quartz.
Now let's talk about each type in more detail.
Cast iron
The models in question have been installed in our homes for over a hundred years. They are still in great demand today due to the fact that they provide high-quality heating of premises. They were also among the most popular in the USSR.
If we talk about their advantages, then we should name:
- long operational period;
- excellent heat transfer rates;
- high strength, since batteries can easily withstand high pressure inside and easily endure mechanical stress;
- work even with poor quality of the coolant;
- are resistant to corrosion.
At the same time, cast-iron models have a number of disadvantages:
- large size, which significantly complicates transportation, maintenance and installation;
- low thermal conductivity due to the massiveness of the metal and the fact that its surface is porous;
- batteries need systematic and constant care - painting and maintenance;
- there must be good fasteners in the walls for their installation;
- occupy a large area.
In addition, cast-iron models do not have a very attractive appearance, which almost always does not distinguish them from the interior in the best way. Therefore, it is often necessary to put additional decorations on such radiators.
Steel
If we talk about this type of radiator, then they are divided into three categories:
- panel;
- from sections;
- from pipes.
Steel panel batteries are also called convectors, because heat is supplied precisely through the convection process. They are usually rectangular in shape, which is formed by two welded panels. The coolant moves between them along special channels. Such a radiator is lightweight, small in size, which makes it possible to heat up in a short time and maintain a good temperature.
If we talk about the shortcomings, then the main problem is poor resistance to mechanical damage and not very good pressure indicators. In addition, these models are highly susceptible to corrosion.
In terms of characteristics, steel batteries from sections are somewhat similar to cast iron ones, although they have a number of serious differences:
- the pressure inside here is at the level of 16 atmospheres;
- due to the presence of welded joints, radiators have increased strength;
- long operational period - up to 50 years.
This type of radiator is not very common, because their significant disadvantage is their high cost. Tubular steel batteries are similar in functionality to sectional and panel radiators, but their price will be even higher. The main reason for this is that they have a rather nice appearance, which makes it possible to find a model for the interior. And on such batteries it is extremely convenient to dry things, which will be important for families with small children.
Aluminum
Aluminum belongs to the category of metals that conduct heat well. For this reason, such radiators can provide complete heating of almost any room.
Their advantages are:
- excellent heat transfer characteristics;
- small size;
- good working pressure, which ranges from 12-18 atmospheres;
- small mass.
The coolant in this type of radiator circulates very well, which allows for excellent heat transfer. Such circulation is possible here due to the presence of free intercollector type tubes. Such models are widely represented on the market.
The cost of aluminum batteries will depend on the manufacturer, but in general, it is quite affordable due to the low price of aluminum itself. In addition, such models have an attractive appearance, which makes it possible to consider them not only as a heating device, but also as part of the interior of the room. Due to its strict and neat geometric shapes, such a battery can easily fit into any interior.
But aluminum models also have their drawbacks:
- they are extremely sensitive to the quality of the coolant, which is why they require a water filtration installation;
- are very susceptible to serious pressure drops, therefore it is necessary to constantly monitor its level;
- quite poorly resist the formation of corrosion, even despite the presence of a protective coating on a polymer basis;
- have a short service life - no more than 15 years.
In addition, the positive impact of such batteries is not always an advantage. The good work of such a battery drives warm air upward, which accumulates near the ceiling, which can cause a sharp temperature drop. Therefore, before buying such batteries, you should calculate the amount of heat needed for the room.
Aluminum batteries are divided into three categories, which will differ from each other in design and capabilities:
- Sectional assembled. Their device makes it possible to replace the plates that have broken.
- Whole. They are durable and flexible.
- Combined. They combine the best of the two categories mentioned above. Considered one of the best solutions for homeowners. If the operating conditions are fully observed, then such radiators can last 10-15 years and will really effectively heat the house when it is cold outside.
Bimetallic
As a rule, the interior of such radiators is made of steel or copper, which allows them to work well and enhances safety. And the outer side is usually equipped with aluminum fins. Today, bimetallic batteries are considered the best solution in this area. According to manufacturers, their batteries will last about 40 years. At the same time, they have a high value, but still their characteristics have provided them with an excellent position in the market. It is advisable to buy such solutions if the issue of price is not the main one. But they will definitely pay off the money invested and will work for quite a long time.
Vacuum
Recently, vacuum type batteries have begun to gain popularity. Compared to other types, they have a number of advantages. For example, they require a smaller amount of coolant, which will come into contact through the wall with a special solution based on lithium and boron, which has a boiling point of +35 degrees. Also, such radiators have excellent safety characteristics.
If we name other advantages, then it should be noted:
- reducing the level of the coolant for the operation of the mechanism by 80 percent;
- reducing the use of the heat carrier from the centralized heat supply mechanism by three times;
- if induction boilers are used, then up to 40 percent of electrical energy can be saved;
- it is quite simple to install such batteries even on your own;
- there is absolutely no corrosion in the radiators, as well as air locks;
- there is no need to use a powerful circulation pump unit due to low local resistance;
- high heat transfer rates.
Quartz
Quartz heaters are a novelty in this segment. This type of battery cannot be called high-tech, because it is an extremely simple option. Using batteries of this type, you can make an efficient, reliable and economical heating mechanism in the room that will maintain heat in the winter. The quartz radiator will fit into any home interior.
Its design is simple and represents a monolithic plate, inside which a heating element is built in, made of a chromium-nickel alloy. The slab is made from a special solution based on quartz sand. The use of such sand is no coincidence, because it can give off the heat that it previously accumulated for a rather long time. Even if you disconnect such a radiator from the heating network, it will remain warm for a long time, which will significantly reduce electricity consumption.
If we talk about the advantages of this type of battery, then it should be called:
- Profitability. Low consumption of electrical energy is the main advantage of quartz heating devices, because other solutions consume a significantly larger amount of electrical energy and their other advantages simply come to naught, because the price of electricity is quite high.
- Substantial heat capacity. The quartz slab has a rather serious thermal inertia. It heats up for a long time and cools slowly, as already mentioned above.
- Durability. In this case, the heating element does not come into contact with the environment, which prevents it from oxidizing and significantly increases its service life.
- You can connect a thermostat, which allows you to get automatic control of the heating system.
- Quite low cost when compared with electric type water heaters or other heating devices.
- Fire safety. The temperature of such a battery will not be more than 95 degrees, due to which the ignition of materials that are near the heater is completely excluded. This allows the device to be mounted on almost any surface, including wood, plastic and drywall.
- Electrical safety. Such a battery does not create serious loads on the power grid and can work without interruption for almost the entire season.
- Easy to install. The quartz battery is attached to the wall with brackets.
- Maintenance-free and low maintenance. The only thing to do with such a battery is to dust it off.
Popular manufacturers and reviews
In the segment of cast iron models, the most famous manufacturers are the Chinese companies Tokio and Konner. A good domestic model of such batteries will be the MS-140.
If we talk about steel panel solutions, then the highest quality is considered to be the products of Korado, Buderus and Lideya. But tubular steel solutions are usually produced by foreign companies. Among them, the products of Zehnder, Arbonia and Delonghi should be highlighted.
Aluminum batteries are produced by both foreign and domestic companies. Among them are such well-known manufacturers as Global, Ferroli and Rifar.
Bimetallic models are produced by both foreign and domestic firms. If we talk about domestic ones, then we should name the Teplopribor brand, and if we talk about foreign ones, then these are the products of the brands Polywarm, Sira, Royal Thermo Vittoria and the German company Kermi. When choosing ceramic batteries, you should pay attention to Tepleko brand products.
Now let's talk about the experience of using different types of batteries by users and their feedback. This is logical, because manufacturers often say one thing, but in practice we get something completely different. If we talk about cast-iron radiators, then users note that even beautiful solutions are not easy to install and they have a rather serious mass. In addition, they often require additional brackets to be installed.
Let's say a little more about aluminum radiators, having read the reviews of users of batteries of various brands. If we talk about aluminum batteries from Sira, then users note that they warm up well and have an excellent appearance. Also, users note the good heat dissipation of the models. But many are not very happy with the considerable cost of solutions from this company. Also, users praise such batteries from the Global company and note that they heat perfectly in combination with the boiler and have an excellent appearance. The same goes for solutions from Rifar.
Users also do not ignore bimetallic batteries and, in general, speak very flatteringly about them. For example, Rifar batteries look great in various interiors, are quite durable and can withstand high pressure, as well as high temperature of the coolant. In general, it is impossible to draw up any clear rating of radiators, because they all have a number of their positive and negative sides. One thing can be clearly noted - in any case, it is necessary to individually determine which batteries in a particular private building will be the best solution.
Which one is better to choose?
If you want to choose an economical option for a suburban wooden private building, then it is best to install high-quality aluminum radiators. Such solutions have everything you need: modern design, lightness, affordable price, and their negative sides are not so serious in the conditions of an autonomous heating mechanism of a private house.
If money is not such a serious issue, then installation of sectional type bimetallic batteries would be an excellent solution, especially when it comes to a copper-aluminum combination. And if small children are in the house, then in order to protect them and the rest of the household, you can opt for convection options, completed with certain protection options. If it is necessary to hide the radiators, then floor convection solutions can be used.
If the house has a stove with a water circuit, the simplest solid fuel boiler or your house is equipped with gas heating, then you can use the time-tested cast iron batteries. Despite the fact that their choice entails difficulties with installation and weight, at the same time they can significantly smooth out temperature fluctuations and store heat for a longer time. Even now, you can easily pick up options with a pleasant design, if you can afford them.
Installation rules
Radiator-type heating in your own home is a guarantee of comfort and coziness in autumn and winter. It is good when such a mechanism has already been connected to a centralized heating mechanism. If something like this is not there, then it becomes necessary to use autonomous heating. If we are talking about how to install the heating system with your own hands correctly, then it should be said that the most important element will be the choice of options for connecting radiators in a house of your own construction.
A number of people do not even suspect that this plays a very significant role in the heat transfer of the heating device, the circulation of the heat carrier inside it and the speed of movement of hot water. The above will generally have a significant impact on the efficiency of the entire mechanism.
The first thing that needs to be dealt with is the piping. This can be called an important point, because residents of their own houses at the stage of their construction are rarely able to accurately and correctly calculate the costs that will be made for the formation of a heating system, so you have to make savings on various kinds of materials. Typically, the pipe connection method can be either one- or two-pipe. The first option is economical, in which a pipe is drawn from the heating boiler along the floor, going through all walls and rooms and returning to the boiler. Radiators should be installed on top of it, and the connection will be carried out using the pipes below. At the same time, hot water flows into the pipes, completely filling the batteries. Then the water descends and through another pipe enters the pipe. In fact, there is a serial connection of the radiators thanks to the bottom connection. But there is a minus, because at the end of such a connection in all subsequent radiators, the temperature of the heat carrier will be lower.
There are two ways to solve this moment:
- connect a special circulation pump to the entire mechanism, which allows to distribute hot water evenly over all heating devices;
- connect additional batteries in the last rooms, which will increase the heat transfer area to the maximum.
If we talk about two-pipe wiring, then for your own home, such a connection system will be more effective. But at the same time, at the initial stage, the costs will be significant due to the fact that it will be necessary to carry out the distribution of two pipes. One must be installed to supply hot water, and the second must be connected to drain it.
When everything became clear with this issue, you should stop your attention on the scheme for connecting heating batteries. The most common will be lateral. To make it, pipes should be taken out to the side of the wall and connected to two battery pipes - above and below. Above, a pipe is usually connected, supplying a heat carrier, and from below, an output pipe. A diagonal connection will also be effective. To perform it, you should first connect a pipe supplying a heat carrier to the pipe at the top, and a return pipe to the lower one, located on the other side. It turns out that the heat carrier will be transported diagonally inside the radiator. The effectiveness of such a mechanism will depend on how the liquid is distributed in the radiator. It is rare that multiple battery sections can be cold. This only happens in cases where the transmission capacity or the pressure is weak.
Note that the connection of the radiator from below can be not only in one-pipe, but also in two-pipe versions. But such a system is considered highly ineffective. In this case, it will still be necessary to install a circulation pump, which will significantly increase the cost of creating a heating mechanism and create electricity costs that are needed to operate the pump. If you say what you don't need to do, then this is not replacing the water supply with a return line. As a rule, the presence of this problem is indicated by debugging.
When installing decorative screens, the visibility of the thermostat is blocked, which is not necessary. The batteries will take a long time to warm up. At the same time, it is impossible to mount the thermostat head in a vertical position, because this will lead to its unstable operation.
Do-it-yourself installation of heating radiators in your own home is associated with a number of points, which do not allow to say that this is an easy process. Its complexity also lies in the fact that in each individual case it is necessary to select batteries for a particular structure, as well as to know exactly how pipes pass in a private house that has already been built. Also, an equally important fact will be understanding the needs for heating and carrying out all the necessary calculations.
In addition, do not forget that there are different connection schemes and what may be ineffective in one house will be an excellent solution in another. If you decide to install heating radiators on your own, then you should thoroughly study the theoretical points, and, if possible, at least consult with a specialist who will tell you what to pay special attention to during the installation of radiators and the heating system as a whole.