Installing PVC windows in compliance with the rules given in GOST 30971, adopted in 2012, will allow you to significantly extend their service life, avoid glass fogging and protect window openings from moisture. How to install a plastic window according to GOST, and what materials to use for this, you can find out by reading our article.
For high-quality and fast work, you will need the following set of tools:
- Perforator.
- Electric jigsaw.
- Drill driver.
- Nailer.
- Sledgehammer.
- Level.
- Yardstick.
- Pencil.
- "Bulgarian".
- Silicone gun.
- Square.
- Metal scissors.
- Putty knife.
- Slick.
- Rubber mallet.
- Pliers.
- Tassel.
Depending on the type of window opening and window model, you may need additional tools not included in the list.
In addition to tools, to install a plastic window, you must have the following consumables:
- PSUL - pre-compressed self-expanding sealing tape. PSUL has a different thickness and width and is intended to hide the outer foam seam.
- Vapor barrier tapes - needed to hide the foam seam indoors. Ribbons are metallized and fabric-based. Metallized tapes are used for “dry” finishing of a window opening (plastic slopes, drywall or PVC panels). Fabric-based vapor barrier tape designed for water-based finishing materials (plaster, gypsum, etc.).
- Diffusion Tape- necessary as a lining under the window eaves. This tape has the feature of passing air, but not letting water through.
- Window sill pad- This is a tape on a metallized basis, with a layer of insulation, it serves as a heat and vapor barrier.
- Anchor plates- fasteners for the window, connecting the frame with the window opening. Anchor plates allow you to fix the window in the opening without through holes in the frame.
- Self-tapping screws - fasten the anchor plates to the window.
- Dowel screws - connect the anchor plates to the window opening.
- Composition for priming- designed for surface treatment, at the place of gluing vapor barrier tapes.
- wooden wedges- are needed for intermediate fixing of the window in the opening and setting the level.
- Stand Profile- fastened from the bottom of the frame and serves as a stand for the window and fastening for the cornice and window sill.
- Plastic window sill- comes complete with a window, but, if desired, can be replaced with window sills made of other materials.
- Drain - rarely included in the basic set of plastic windows, usually ordered separately.
- Polyurethane foam - used to fill the seams and as an additional fastener.
Preparatory work
Dismantling
If you need to dismantle the old window, do the following:
- Remove all doors from hinges.
- Dismantle the glazing beads and pull out the glass from the fixed sections of the window.
- Disconnect the trim, drain and window sill from the frame.
- Remove the mortar and mounting foam between the frame and the window opening.
- Using a grinder, cut off all frame fasteners.
- Pull the frame out of the opening.
- Remove the remains of mounting foam and mortar at the location of the frame.
Window preparation
Before installing a plastic window in the opening, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory work:
- Remove the window sashes from the hinges by knocking out the canopy rods with a hammer and screwdriver.
- Remove the double-glazed windows from the fixed sections of the window. To do this, you need to knock out the glazing beads from the mounting grooves, this can be done with a rubber mallet and a wide chisel, or a spatula.
- Attach the support profile to the bottom rail of the frame. When connecting the profile and frame, use PSUL as a gasket between them.
- Install anchor tape around the perimeter of the window. Tapes are screwed to the frame and support profile with screws. For ease of installation, bring the ends of the anchor tapes inside the room. Depending on the size of the window, from 2 to 4 fasteners are installed on each side of the frame.
- Glue the PSUL on the top and side posts of the frame so that the tape protects the outer seam after filling it with mounting foam.
- Stick the diffusion tape on the support profile on the outside of the window.
- To protect the inside of the seams, glue vapor barrier tape to the frame.
Installation of a window in the opening
After all the preparatory work, install the frame in the window opening:
- Secure the frame to the opening with wedges.
- Check the correct horizontal and vertical position of the frame with a level.
- Having set the frame in the correct position, through the holes in the anchor strips, mark the places for the dowel-screws.
- Having drilled holes with a puncher, fix the frame in the window opening on the anchor tapes.
- Using a brush and a primer, treat the places where vapor barrier tapes and PSULs are glued.
- Fill the space between the frame and the window opening with low expansion foam.
- After the foam dries, cut off the excess.
- Glue PSUL and vapor barrier tape to the window opening.
Installation of drain and window sill
- Straighten the diffusion tape and place the drain on it.
- Attach the drain to the pedestal profile using self-tapping screws.
- Cut the window sill in the shape of the slopes of the window opening.
- In the place where the window sill will be located, lay the metallized tape with insulation.
- Insert the window sill into the base profile and fix it with screws.
- Seal the gaps between the frame, drain and window sill with silicone sealant.
Final works
- Insert double-glazed windows into the window sections, securing them with glazing beads.
- Install the sashes in their places.
- Check the operation of the window handles and mechanisms.
The plastic window is installed, it remains to finish the slopes of the opening and then remove the protective film.
You can also view detailed instructions for installing a plastic window using GOST standards in the video:
Thus, the insulation must be somehow protected from the penetration of direct moisture or water vapor into it, and for moisture that has nevertheless got into the insulation, it must be possible to evaporate outwards so that the installation seam does not threaten any of the described problems. For this, special vapor barrier and waterproof vapor-permeable materials have been created, which we produce. The first ones are installed from inside the room and prevent the penetration of moisture contained in the room air into the installation seam, that is, to the insulation. The second is installed outside. These materials protect the insulation from the penetration of direct moisture (water) from the street. And also, which is very important, being vapor-permeable, they ventilate the inside of the assembly seam, allowing it to breathe. Thus, condensed water is removed from the seam, or water vapor that got there from inside the wall - (from its condensate plane). Stagnant processes inside the insulation are eliminated, figuratively speaking, it "breathes out". Such a mechanism of action of special materials to protect the main element of the assembly seam - insulation from the harmful effects of moisture.
However, moisture is not all that the insulation and the entire assembly seam can suffer from. Let us dwell on two factors that have the most critical effect after humidity.
In second place is ultraviolet solar radiation. This radiation destroys the insulation (polyurethane foam, used in almost 100% of window installations) in a very short period of time. So, in the southern regions of Russia, the process of almost complete destruction of mounting foam can occur in a couple of months. In the middle lane, it will take a year - one and a half, depending on the direction of the world, where the window structure is facing.
Conclusion - the insulation must be protected from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. The task is successfully solved by the same vapor-permeable waterproofing tape, which protects the insulation from direct exposure to water from the street.
In third place is the linear expansion (movement) of the window structure due to temperature fluctuations (thermal expansion). And such shifts are significant and can reach from 5 to 10, and in some cases even 15 percent of the width of the assembly seam itself! At the same time, the insulation does not suffer, since it is well resistant to deformation loads and, in addition, is glued to the wall and window frame. It is clear that the means of its protection must also be resistant to such colossal deformations.
Imagine if you apply a plaster mortar or solid sealant - at what point will it collapse, or come off from the smooth plane of the plastic window frame? (GOST allows the use of certain types of acrylic sealants to protect the outer contour. These must be elastic (not completely drying), vapor-permeable materials with good adhesive abilities). Here again, the same vapor-permeable waterproofing tape successfully solves the problem, since it is not afraid of shifts of 15 or even 30 percent.
Plastic windows are in great demand these days. They allow you to create coziness in the apartment and reliably protect from the cold. However, in order for modern double-glazed windows to really perform all their functions and serve the owners for many years, they must be manufactured and installed taking into account all the requirements and rules.
For this, a special document is being developed - the state standard. It is on him that you need to rely when deciding on the installation of metal-plastic or wooden window systems.
The installation technology according to GOST provides for strict adherence to the specified parameters. It is better to do the work in stages.
Installation of PVC windows according to GOST, the instruction recommends starting with the preparation of the opening. First you need to dismantle the old frames. They are taken out and all remaining construction debris is removed. The opening should be cleared to the concrete or brick base of the frame. Then the master processes with a primer so that new window blocks can be installed.
Preparing the opening for window installation
Do not forget that the installation rules do not allow the use of water for these purposes. It is necessary to prime the surfaces to ensure a good connection of materials and tightness.
Also, a special compressed tape is fixed outside along the entire length of the frame. This compacted material will remove the remaining moisture in the window opening. After that, workers must attach a dense white diffusion tape with a rubber backing to the product. Thus, the assembly seam of pvc windows will be well waterproofed.
The next step is to attach the anchor plates to the frame.
Appearance of the notched anchor plate
They are installed around the perimeter of the window block. The gaps between the plates should be 70 centimeters. After fixing the plates in the opening, the resulting space is filled with mounting foam. It provides additional thermal insulation as well as noise protection. Then the double-glazed window is fixed. In the process of work, the window block is fixed in the opening not on concrete, but on wooden blocks treated with an antiseptic. Such supports reduce the gaps between the frame and slopes. According to regulatory documents, the gaps should not exceed two centimeters.
Before the bottom seam is closed with a heat-insulating metallized tape. It is important to carry out all work carefully. The tape is attached from the outside of the product. The mounting foam ideally remains hidden.
window sill fixing
The window sill is mounted after the completion of the main work. On concrete, a cement screed is made for greater strength. So the window sill will not sag and will withstand a large load. The slopes inside the room are superimposed on the initial profile. During the installation process, the building level is constantly used to control the angle of the frame. Even a slight excess of the norm can lead to the fact that the window will be difficult to open and close.
Inserts for window profiles
Plastic windows, according to GOST 30674 99, which require special steel profiles, must be installed with such reinforcing parts. There is also a specification for these elements.
Profiles for plastic windows
Their walls are made of a certain thickness and with a given section. According to GOST, in the manufacture, the parameters of profiles and amplifiers are indicated separately. The main requirements for reinforcing window systems are as follows:
If a double-glazed window weighs more than 60 kg, then in such structures, as well as in reinforced window blocks, inserts trimmed at an angle of 450 are used.
Product dimensions
When installing, we will also be interested in the height of the window from the floor, for which the guest is provided. As you can see from the parameters specified in the GOST, the windows and doors of residential buildings differ in size. These settings can be changed. The sizes of double-glazed windows are determined by the types of frames. They can be single, double or triple glazing.
Varieties of double-glazed windows
Special terrace frames are also used.
In accordance with GOST 11214 86, windows and balcony doors must have standard opening sizes.
Extract from GOST for installing windows
Their height can be 60, 90, 120, 135 and 180 cm. The width of the openings is also 60, 90, 100, 120, 135, 150 and 180 cm. The humidity according to the standards is 8-12%.
Common parameters are determined by the section elements and directly by the panes. For example, consider a typical window block, whose width is 1320 mm, with side sections of 85 mm, the average section is 130 mm. The glass for each sash must be at least 525 mm wide. At the same time, according to the requirements, 7.5 mm of glass is included in the strapping on each side. The visible width of the glass is 510 mm. The size of the window opening is determined by the design of the wall.
Windows in residential buildings
Often the parameters of window blocks in one panel house have differences of 10–15 cm. In such cases, when taking measurements, one cannot do without the help of professional craftsmen. However, product design always relies on existing standards for typical buildings. If you are interested in the correct installation of windows according to GOST, how to do it right, video editing can be found on our website and avoid serious mistakes.
Double-glazed window fixing
So, the height of a standard window with two sashes should be 1300, and the width should be 1400. For three-leaf structures, the width, as a rule, is from 2050 to 2070, and the height is 1400.
In five-story residential buildings of old buildings, the size of the double-glazed windows is affected by the width of the window sills. If they are wide, the parameters of double-leaf windows are 1450 × 1500, and three-leaf windows - 2040 × 1500. For narrow window sills, windows are installed with dimensions of 1300 × 1350 and 2040 × 1350, respectively. Thus, knowing the type of residential building, it is easier to determine the design parameters.
If you decide to install pvc windows, GOST 30970 2002 provides for different standard sizes for them - depending on the size of the opening. Therefore, measurements must be taken carefully. It is better to seek help from a specialist.
The installation of plastic windows according to GOST 30971 2002 involves the use of a three-layer assembly seam. To ensure reliable waterproofing, the width of the seam should be from 15 to 18 cm from the corner. If this parameter is increased, then the fastening will not be so strong, and if the seam is not wide enough, the window may be deformed under the influence of high temperatures.
Features of installing aluminum windows
GOST for aluminum windows includes several sections. The first contains the general characteristics of the products covered by the documentation. The second part is links to other regulatory documents with requirements for the installation of aluminum windows.
The third section is devoted to the classification of products and their labeling. Aluminum windows differ in properties, types and sizes.
Types of aluminum profiles
Each is assigned a symbol, which indicates the parameters of the windows. The fourth section is called "Technical Requirements". It sets out the quality indicators of products. Also in this part of GOST, the boundary parameters of aluminum window systems are given in terms of weight, geometry and conditions for maximum deviations from them. Also in this section you can find the requirements for operation, design and configuration of the supplied blocks. It describes the rules for packaging products, their labeling. The basic requirements for installation are listed.
Rules for installing wooden windows
A regulatory document that defines the requirements for installing window systems was adopted back in 2002. Installation of wooden windows according to GOST also provides for compliance with certain conditions. So, the window unit should certainly be fixed in the opening with anchor plates or bolts.
From the outside, the mounting seam is closed with a sealing tape for reliable waterproofing. After that, the joint is filled with foam. At the same time, it is not worth cutting off the edges of the frozen mass. After the mounting foam hardens, a special film is formed on it, which protects the window from moisture. From the inside, the seam is covered with a vapor barrier self-adhesive material, on top of which plaster can be applied.
By fulfilling the listed installation requirements, the installation joint can be made air and moisture tight from the side of the room and at the same time ventilated to the outside.
It should be remembered that during the subsequent finishing of the slopes, the plaster should not remain on the surface of the window frames. It can damage the paintwork of wood products.
Timber windows have a certain degree of vapor permeability. This is their undoubted merit.
Wooden frames on the balcony
They can maintain the natural level of humidity in the room. Aluminum and plastic windows are deprived of this advantage. In rooms with this type of glazing, the air is often too dry, which does not have the best effect on the health of residents. Sometimes the owners of pvc glazing systems face another problem - excessive condensation on slopes and walls, and even the appearance of mold. To avoid such troubles, you should take care of the insulation of windows and their equipment with a high-quality ventilation system.
Compliance with the conditions specified in the regulatory documents is strictly mandatory for manufacturers of various window systems. Installation of double-glazed windows should always be carried out in a sequence determined by the guest and in compliance with the necessary requirements. In this case, the windows will serve you for a long time and will perform all their functions well.
.Preparing the opening for window mounting Appearance of the notched anchor plate Profiles for plastic windows
Mounting according to the standard
Installation of plastic windows involves following the standards in accordance with GOST. Homeowners do not always prefer to install windows according to all the necessary rules and regulations.
Scheme of installation of a plastic window.
Experts strongly recommend that all residents adhere to these rules, especially those who have office space, shops, and various public institutions at their disposal. Most buyers are sure that the quality and reliability of the entire structure depends on the profile. But besides this, assembly and, accordingly, installation play a key role. Sometimes the owners who hire specialists do not think about whether the installation will be carried out in accordance with GOST. The profile manufacturer always indicates that the assembly should be done in this way, but the master installers may not comply with these rules.
Scheme of installation of a plastic window.
Installation according to GOST is not mandatory. It's more of a recommendation. If home owners decide to install windows according to the requirements of the standard, it is necessary to invite qualified employees, preferably from a large construction company. An agreement is concluded with this company, which includes a certain clause, which indicates that the installation will be carried out exactly in accordance with GOST.
When buying, the seller must select a suitable profile that will meet specific conditions. The design must be checked for optimal air exchange and heat transfer, for the level of sound insulation, dust penetration, etc. As a rule, well-known supplier companies have certificates that window structures have passed the necessary checks. Accordingly, it is better to purchase goods from them.
Basic requirements during the installation process
It is important to take into account the fact that most problems with plastic windows occur if the installation is not done correctly. Therefore, if you decide to install plastic windows, you should not save on the installation process. Today in Russia there is GOST 30971-2002. The following rules are for correct installation. First of all, GOST indicates the types of profiles, as well as examples and various mounting options. During the installation process, it is important to follow certain rules: there must be no gaps, openings. This is necessary for insulation from the cold. Three seams are made in the places where the window is attached vertically and horizontally: inner, outer and middle. Moreover, in order to properly mount the window, you need to take into account the expansion of the plastic when heated.
Scheme of installing a window in an opening.
It must also be remembered that when choosing, one should be guided by sanitary standards and tightness standards. The optimum temperature and humidity level will directly depend on this. In order to find out such standards, it is necessary to consider the requirements of SanPin 21.2.1002-00, which spell out the norms for ventilation and heating in a residential building. If you do not follow these rules, there may be a risk of infection with fungus or mold, this may occur due to excessive levels of humidity.
It should be noted that installation in accordance with GOST is a guarantee of your safety and the favorable functioning of the window structure. In addition, installation according to the required standards provides a favorable microclimate in the house.
When mounting, the seams must be arranged in 3 levels. The first is able to protect the room from the penetration of precipitation, water. The second (inner) level must protect against the penetration of vapors. The third level is done using building foam. The standards also specify the types of walls, which also needs to be taken into account. All installation rules must be known. It is convenient to be guided by them both during the purchase and during the installation process. Once again, it is worth repeating that you should buy only high-quality, certified products. The seller must provide you with documents that contain all the technical features of the product.
Installation requirements
The quality certificate must be awarded not only to the company that sells windows, but also to the one responsible for the installation. It is important that qualified specialists undertake the installation of the structure. The emergence and implementation of a certification system will bring business to a high level. Today, the buyer makes increased demands on the quality of structures and service in general.
Before installation, it is necessary to make all the necessary measurements, comparing them. It is important to know what loads the structure can withstand, the wind load is determined. From this it is concluded whether additional installation of a frame with metal plates is necessary. Some windows may let air through. In this case, frames are installed to normalize thermal insulation.
Window installation diagram.
It is important to carefully prepare the room before installation. It is necessary to remove all extraneous things in advance. Furniture is recommended to be covered with a wide cloth or film. Household appliances in the room must be isolated from dust. First, the sashes are pulled out and the frame is carefully removed. The opening must be free from unnecessary details, all slopes are checked using a level.
After the structure is delivered, it is necessary to separate the frame and double-glazed windows. The frame is inserted into the opening using special wedges. Then you should mark the frame and determine how it will be located in the opening. After the frame is fixed. To do this, use anchor bolts and screws. The double-glazed window is fixed with glazing beads. In order to correctly make all measurements, you will need a laser ruler. It is important that the entire structure is firmly fixed. There are certain rules for this, for example, the distance between fastener points should be about 70 cm. The distance to the fastener from the inner corner should be a maximum of 15 cm.
The structures of the walls are different. The choice of fasteners depends on the characteristics of the wall. Basically, fastenings are made using anchor bolts, anchor plates and self-tapping screws. The most practical way is to use anchor plates. It is important to correctly install the slopes that cover the opening between the profile and the wall. For installation, remove the remnants of the plaster from the old window, smooth out the bumps with putty.
Tools
- hammer;
- perforator;
- crowbar for pulling out old nails;
- building level;
- mounting foam and a construction gun to work with it.
The installation of plastic windows should be carried out only by experienced specialists, it is advisable to carry out the installation, following all the requirements and rules of GOST. Companies that install plastic windows have quality control departments that you can contact if you have problems with installation.
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