The sewerage system has long been no longer a luxury in a private house. The presence of sewerage allows you to install sinks, sinks, a bathtub, a shower and even a toilet bowl in the house, simplifying the life of a modern person, making it comfortable. Previously, cast iron pipes were used to create drain systems. The advantage of this material is its high strength, so it is able to withstand various mechanical loads. This material has a long service life, but it also has disadvantages - high cost and heavy weight. Despite all the advantages of cast iron, today it has been replaced by such a popular material as plastic. Plastic sewage has more advantages than cast iron, so the use of this material is widespread.
Varieties of plastic sewer pipes
Plastic sewer pipes are classified according to a number of the following parameters:
- Scope of application;
- Diameter. Particular attention when choosing a pipeline is given to the internal diameter;
- Length. Depending on the material of the pipeline, products are produced both in a certain length (standardized) and in various footage;
- Wall thickness, which directly affects such an indicator as strength and service life;
- The material used to make the pipeline.
Plastic sewer pipes are divided into four main types:
- Polyethylene;
- Polypropylene;
- PVC;
- Polybutylene.
All these types of plastic pipes have found their use, both in multi-apartment buildings, and in private houses and even cottages. Before the construction of the sewage system, it is necessary to select pipes for its construction, since factors such as long service life and reliability influence the correct choice. To make the right choice of plastic pipes for the construction of sewers, you need to know the characteristics of each type of material.
Polyethylene pipelines
High-pressure polyethylene pipes are popular in the installation of waste systems, as they have the following advantages:
- long service life;
- reliability;
- good technical parameters.
In what cases is it appropriate to use polyethylene pipelines for the construction of sewers, we will consider in detail.
- If the soil contains chemicals. Polyethylene is not exposed to the negative effects of chemicals, so it is also used to remove aggressive environments in the form of acids and alkalis in production.
- When living in the northern regions. Polyethylene is not adversely affected by low temperatures, so it is advisable to use it for the construction of waste systems in regions with a harsh climate. If there is a possibility of freezing of the pipeline, then it is recommended not to neglect its insulation in order to avoid clogging of the pipe cavity.
- When arranging sewerage from the kitchen. It is not uncommon for such cases when several drain pipelines are being built in a private house. One sewer is used for the bathroom, and the second for the kitchen. For the construction of a kitchen drain, it is recommended to use pipes made of polyethylene, as they have a smooth inner surface, so there is no deposition of fat accumulations on the walls.
The disadvantage of polyethylene is the tendency to soften at temperatures above 80 degrees. To eliminate negative consequences, it is recommended not to pour boiling water into the sewer or dilute it with cold water.
If you give preference to cross-linked polyethylene, then such a material can withstand temperatures up to 200 degrees. At the same time, it costs 2 times more than ordinary polyethylene.
Pipes made of this material are used for arranging water pipes, but in rare cases they are mounted for sewage. The main advantage of polypropylene is the low weight of the products, so even one person can handle the installation of the pipeline.
The advantages of polypropylene pipes are the following factors:
- High degree of wear resistance.
- The strength of the material, so it is not afraid of minor mechanical stress.
- Resistance to high temperatures.
It can be used where there is a possibility of mechanical damage, and boiling water often descends through the pipeline. Among the shortcomings, it should be noted that the material is afraid of the cold, therefore, even at -15, a crack may occur. If the product is not sufficiently insulated, then the sewer will soon have to be changed. This material is not suitable for the northern regions, as well as for the removal of aggressive substances. When exposed to a negative environment (acid or alkali), the material decomposes.
PVC pipelines for sewerage
For the arrangement of waste systems, pipelines made of such material as polyvinyl chloride or PVC are often used. PVC pipes have many advantages due to which they have found their application in this area. Polyvinyl chloride sewer pipes are relatively inexpensive, and as efficient as possible.
The rationality of their use is due to the following factors:
- Resistance to aggressive factors. If you often have to drain acids, alkalis and other types of chemical reagents into the sewer, then a PVC pipeline does this task best.
- Ability to withstand medium mechanical loads. Plastic, although not designed for mechanical loads, but thanks to the ribbed base, this material is not subject to deformation.
- Ability to withstand temperature fluctuations. The destruction of the material is observed only with prolonged exposure to a high temperature of +120 degrees.
- There is no need to ground the pipeline, as PVC is non-conductive.
Corrugated two-component PVC pipelines are the most popular materials for the construction of sewer pipelines in the ground.
Polybutylene pipelines for sewerage
Polybutylene is one of the least used materials for the construction of sewage. This material is often used for water supply or construction of heating systems. However, due to the fact that the material promotes the development of bacteria, it is used for the construction of plumbing in rare cases.
The main feature of polybutylene is elasticity. After unwinding the pipeline from the bay, it very quickly assumes a straightened position. Due to its elasticity, this type of material is used for laying pipelines in the panels of frame houses, including for the construction of sewers. Polybutylene is highly flammable and also devastating at chlorine concentrations greater than 2 mg/L.
Sewer pipes made of plastic and their dimensions
What are sewer pipes made of plastic, and how they differ from each other, is now known. An important criterion that characterizes sewer pipelines is the standard size. The pipe assortment of plastic products is quite diverse, therefore, when choosing a pipeline, it is important to pay attention to the dimensions of the pipelines.
The diameters of PVC sewer pipes are presented in the table below.
Features of the selection of the optimal diameter
When laying PVC plumbing pipes for sewerage, it is important to consider the dimensions. To select the correct dimensions of pipelines for the sewer system, it is recommended to rely on the following features:
For external sewage, plastic pipelines larger than 110 mm are used. The construction of an external plastic sewer with a diameter of less than 110 mm for a private house can lead to the need for frequent revisions to clean the system. When constructing a sewage system, it is important to take into account criteria such as the number of floors in a private house, as well as the number of inhabitants.
What connects plastic pipes
When constructing a sewage system, in addition to pipelines, connectors will also be needed. Products such as fittings act as connecting elements. They come in different types and sizes, so let's look at some of them.
There are many other connector options that are used depending on their purpose.
Rigidity of plastic pipes: what does color mean
The rigidity of plastic pipes is closely related to strength. To distinguish products, manufacturers decided to paint them in different colors. The light brown color of the pipeline means that it is intended for arranging the sewage system indoors. Orange-brown products are intended exclusively for the construction of an external network.
Products differ from each other in the class of rigidity:
- SN2 - are used for the construction of waste systems where there is no traffic.
- SN4 - are used where there is moderate traffic.
- SN8 - are used for the construction of sewers where there is an intensive movement of heavy vehicles.
When choosing plastic products, attention is paid to the class of rigidity, which will extend the life of the system.
Features of the installation work
If the installation of the sewer pipeline is carried out independently, which is quite realistic, then it is important to take into account some features of the work. These features include:
When connecting sewer pipelines, it is recommended to additionally coat the joints with waterproof sealants. This will eliminate not only the occurrence of smudges, but also an unpleasant smell in the room.
Plastic sewer products are characterized by efficiency, unlike their cast-iron counterparts. If there is a need to repair the sewer or construct a new drain, then for the construction it is recommended to give preference to a new type of material - plastic.
PVC sewer pipes have come to replace metal products. Different sections of the sewer require pipes of different sizes. A suitable choice can be made knowing the capacity and characteristics of the sewer pipeline.
Peculiarities
For arranging a sewage drain, pipe structures made of polyvinyl chloride are often used, displacing cast iron and steel. Plastic sewer pipes are made of ordinary and unplasticized PVC. The composition of the material includes vinyl chloride and additional additives. High strength properties make it possible to use unplasticized PVC for the organization of a pipeline with pressure.
Sewer pipes are designed to drain wastewater from a plumbing drain, for the device of the drainage channel, installation of the house and street sewerage. The use of PVC products for sewerage is justified due to the technical characteristics of the material. The long service life of sewer pipelines will allow the system to operate up to 50 years. The tensile strength reaches 50 MPa, so the street sewer section will withstand the laying to the depth of soil freezing. The pipeline is capable of operating under pressure from 6 to 16 bar.
The use of PVC pipes for sewerage has the following advantages:
- A variety of sizes and shapes of pipes and fittings will allow you to assemble sewers of any complexity.
- Smooth internal walls do not allow sewage to settle, preventing the formation of blockages in a small diameter and preventing the pipe passage from overgrowing from deposits.
- The low weight of the products and the ease of cutting ensure quick and easy assembly and disassembly without additional tools.
- Inert to chemicals and corrosive attack.
- Affordable price of pipeline elements.
Temperature mode of operation from -10 to +65 degrees. At -18 degrees, PVC becomes brittle. The material is resistant to softening during short-term heating up to +90 degrees.
Plastic sewer pipe elements are produced in accordance with GOST 51613-2000. The dimensions of PVC pipes are determined by such indicators as length, outer diameter, inner diameter of the socket, through diameter, wall thickness. The outer diameter refers to the nominal size of the product. The throughput depends on the bore diameter.
The wall thickness determines the strength of the pipeline, what load the pipe structure can withstand.
According to the class of strength classify:
- lightweight SN2 structures with a wall thickness of less than 2.3 mm are capable of withstanding loads up to 630 Pa,
- medium-heavy SN4 with walls from 2.5 to 12.3 mm depending on the diameter, cope with pressure from 600 to 800 Pa,
- heavy pipes SN8 with wall thickness from 3.2 to 15.3 mm, varying with diameter, withstand pressure from 800 to 1000 Pa.
Dimensions of PVC sewer pipes: how to choose the right option?
Sewer pipes are used to equip the sewage disposal system. How to choose the diameter of PVC sewer pipes for different sections of the drain? Is the sizing chart for plastic outdoor products suitable for selecting wall thicknesses depending on the load on the piping?
When installing sewer systems, two types of pipes are used - cast iron and plastic. The size of these products is regulated by the Technical Specifications (TU). The standard size, namely the diameter, ranges from 50 to 110 mm.
There are products with a larger or smaller diameter. From this article you will learn the main parameters that PVC and cast iron products have.
They are produced in accordance with TU 2248-022-23208482-02, which allows you to choose the option for any system.
What are sewer pipes
Today, sewer systems are made of two types of pipes: plastic and metal. Plastic can be of three varieties, from:
- PVC - polyvinyl chloride,
- PP - polypropylene,
- PET - polyethylene.
Advantages
- Resistant to chemicals such as acids, alkalis, solvents.
- Durability - they can be buried in the ground to a depth of 16 meters.
- Smooth inner surface, which prevents the formation of plaque inside.
- Light weight - the weight of one meter with a diameter of 110 mm will be only 1.5 kilograms.
Metal sewer pipes cannot boast of a large selection of materials; they are produced only from cast iron.
Advantages of cast iron pipes
- Durability - the service life of cast iron products exceeds 60 years.
- Durability - they allow you to install a riser of almost any length.
- Easy installation - products have a socket, which simplifies installation.
Of course, they are very heavy, but this is offset by their colossal strength.
After familiarizing yourself with the properties of the two types of pipes, you can proceed to their dimensions.
Dimensions of plastic pipes
As mentioned above, plastic pipes come in three varieties: PVC, PP, PET. They differ from each other in characteristics both basic and technical.
And only the sizes remain standard, regardless of the type. Thus, in one system, the use of several types of different materials is allowed.
PVC pipe size and application
Polyvinyl chloride pipes are produced in accordance with GOST R 51613 - 2000 and VSN 48 - 96. Pressure pipelines are regulated by GOST, and non-pressure pipelines by building codes (VSN).
In accordance with building codes, non-pressure pipes have three sizes in diameter - 50 mm, 90 mm, 110 mm. The wall thickness is 3.2 mm, the length is 0.5 - 8 m.
Pressure vessels are significantly different from their non-pressure counterparts. The number of standard sizes is 13 pieces, and the diameter varies from 63 mm to 315 mm.
However, despite such a large assortment of plastic pipes, not all are in demand. The most commonly used options are:
- Except for the most popular options 100 and 110 mm, then 75 mm pipes are very popular. They are used as outlets for bathtubs and showers.
- Pipes with a diameter of 100 and 110 mm are used for the construction of risers and the installation of external pipelines.
- 200 and 300 mm pipe is used in the installation of industrial sewage.
PET sewer pipes
Polyethylene pipes are produced in accordance with the GOST 22689.2-89 regulations, and have only 4 types of assortment. The diameter is - 40, 50, 90 or 110 millimeters. If the pipe is made of low-density polyethylene, then the thickness of its walls will be only 3 mm.
High pressure PET pipes are produced in smaller diameters, and the wall thickness is: 3 mm for pipes with a diameter of 40 - 50 mm, and 5 mm for pipes with a diameter of 90 - 110 mm. The length can vary from 2 to 9 meters, and this depends directly on the diameter of the product. The larger the diameter, the longer the segment.
Polypropylene pipe
Propylene inner pipes are produced in accordance with TU 4926-002-88742502-00. In accordance with these conditions, their diameter can be 50, 100 and 150 mm, and the wall thickness is from 3 to 5 mm, depending on the diameter. Polypropylene products are used both for risers and for outlet lines from plumbing fixtures.
There are also larger polypropylene counterparts that are used for laying external drains. For example, products of the famous brands Pragma and Korsis can have a diameter of 110 mm to 1.2 meters.
Dimensions of cast iron sewer pipes
Functionality is divided into two types:
- SMU - there is no detachable connection, i.e. both ends are smooth,
- SME - equipped with a bell at one end, smooth at the other.
The size is characterized by an internal diameter, for example: marking DN 100 means that the diameter inside is 100 mm, and outside it will be already 110 mm. Standard markings for cast iron pipes are from DN 50 to DN 400. Pipes without sockets, with smooth ends, have increased strength and are produced in lengths of 3 m, while conventional split pipes can be from 15 cm or more.
The wall thickness of cast-iron pipes practically does not differ from plastic pipes and is 4 - 5 mm. But despite the same dimensions - length, diameter and wall thickness, the mass of metal and plastic products differs significantly. For example, 1 meter of a cast-iron pipe with a diameter of 100 mm weighs 14 kg, and a plastic analogue of the same dimensions will have a mass of no more than 1.5 kg.
In the table below, you can find the recommended diameters of plastic pipes for internal or external sewage. All data provided are advisory in nature and may vary up or down, depending on the technical characteristics of plumbing fixtures or sewer systems.
Sewer pipe dimensions
The dimensions of sewer pipes made of plastic and cast iron are their length, diameter and weight. The recommended dimensions for internal and external sewerage are given.
Have you ever wondered what caused the great demand for PVC sewer pipes?
The thing is that they are easy to install, easy to use and most importantly - inexpensive.
The modern market offers a wide range of materials with which sewage can be equipped.
And in order to make the right choice, you need to have at least minimal knowledge about their characteristics.
Purpose of PVC pipes and main characteristics
The scope of this material depends on its physical properties. It does not hurt to know that polyvinyl chloride is one of the representatives of the group of thermoplastics, which, after heat treatment and even under mechanical stress, retain their shape and integrity. Ethylene, stabilized chlorine and additives to improve properties are also used in the pipe production process.
The main purpose of PVC pipes is their use in the sewerage system. Depending on their thickness, the scope of use and, accordingly, the type are determined. It could be:
- internal sewerage:
- outdoor,
- pressure system,
- gravity drain.
Plastic pipes: orange - for external sewage, gray - for internal
This classification refers to those models that have undergone appropriate processing. The best technical characteristics are not plasticized polyvinyl chloride PVC-U.
Operational properties directly depend on the technical characteristics. As for PVC pipes, they are characterized by such indicators:
- a high level of mechanical strength, moreover, the three-layer manufacturing technology and external corrugation allows it to be installed deep,
- resistance to the negative influence of an aggressive environment,
- perfectly smooth wall from the inside, which prevents the retention of solid elements,
- high internal pressure, minimum 6 bar and maximum 16,
- the highest drain temperature that is allowed is +65 degrees Celsius, and the minimum is -10 degrees. There are models that can withstand +90 degrees, but if this happens for a short time,
- specific gravity 2 kg per linear meter (the indicator varies depending on the thickness and diameter),
- the tensile strength is 50 MPa, and the service life is about 50 years.
Features of the diameter and size of the sewer pipe
PVC sewer pipe diameter
D - outer diameter of the pipe, Dy - inner diameter of the pipe, Dp - outer diameter of the socket, Lp - length of the socket, L - length of the pipe without socket, L1 = L + Lp
PVC sewer pipe diameter is the main parameter when choosing them, and this does not depend on whether the sewage system is equipped internally or externally. It is worth noting that the different sizes of pipes mean that they are designed for different tasks. Do not forget that the device of the sewer system will be easy and correct if you choose the right size.
PVC sewer pipe diameter table
According to the table, a pipe with a diameter of 40 mm with a slope of 1.3 cm should be used to drain from the bath, further:
- shower - diameter 40 mm, slope 1.48 cm,
- toilet - 100 mm / 1.2 cm,
- sink - 40 mm / 1.12 cm,
- bidet - 30-40 mm / 1.2 cm,
- sink - 30-40 mm / 1.36 cm,
- combined drain - 50 mm / 1.8 cm,
- central riser - 100 mm,
- outlets from the riser - 65-75 mm.
Pipeline options include:
- external diameter,
- inner diameter,
- conditional passage - means the internal section,
- nominal section.
PVC Sewer Pipe Size Chart
It will help to understand what are the sizes of PVC sewer pipes table. You can see it below:
Dimensions of PVC sewer pipes - Table 1
The dimensions of pipes for external sewage are not regulated in any way, the only recommendation is that its diameter should not be inferior to the size of the circumference of the external main. For example, pipes 110-250 mm in diameter can be used in private houses, and even more (about 400 mm) in heavy-load systems.
Dimensions of PVC sewer pipes - Table 2
The thickness of the material is also of considerable importance in operation, it depends on the stiffness class to which the pipe belongs. If we talk about the thickness of the walls, then there are no specific standards for arranging an internal sewage system, but at the same time, it is not advisable to use pipes thinner than 1.8 mm in gravity systems.
How to choose the optimal diameter of sewer pipes?
Of course, the presence of PVC pipes of different sizes can be considered an advantage, but for those who encounter them for the first time, certain difficulties may arise when choosing. To avoid misunderstandings, it is important to know that:
- the diameter of the horizontal pipe cannot be less than the riser through which the wastewater passes. This can cause blockages
- horizontal connections are mounted only with oblique tees and angles, this prevents unnecessary clogging,
- without fail, at each turn, a revision must be installed, which is a special hole for cleaning. In multi-storey buildings, they are installed every 3 floors. Even if the site is long (more than 12 m) and deaf, an audit will still not hurt,
- the optimal slope of the sewer pipe is 1.2 cm,
- cutting not too wide hollow objects is quite simple with a hacksaw or grinder.
How to choose a diameter? If you use a pipe to drain a dishwasher or washing machine, then its circumference should be 25 mm, and if it is a siphon or shower, then 32 mm. On average, sewer pipes installed inside the apartment should be 40-50 mm. For the street, hollow objects of circular cross section with a diameter of 160-200 mm are used.
Methods for connecting PVC pipes depending on their diameter
If the pipe circumference does not exceed 63 mm, then the following connection technologies are allowed for their connection:
- socket welding - the principle is to place a smaller object in one that is larger,
- sleeve welding - an additional part is used in the form of a sleeve.
This is what the clutch looks like
Some models have threaded connections and require flare fittings to use.
In the case of pipes larger than 63 mm in diameter, the butt welding method is used. No couplings are needed here, however, the reliability of the connection is in no way inferior to similar methods.
Diameter and dimensions of PVC sewer pipes
The diameter of PVC sewer pipes is the main parameter when choosing them, and this does not depend on whether the sewage system is equipped internally or externally.
PVC pipes for sewerage and water supply. Dimensions
Today, you will not surprise anyone with plastic pipes in water supply and sewerage systems. They confidently displace their metal counterparts from this niche of the plumbing market. Plastic pipes, including PVC products, are resistant to chemically active substances, are not subject to corrosion and are more durable. Modern industry produces several types of similar pipe products. Their characteristics and main differences will be discussed below.
Modern industry produces a wide range of PVC pipes to solve a wide variety of problems.
Types of sewer PVC pipes and their features
The arrangement of sewerage systems is carried out on the basis of the following types of PVC products:
- gray pipes. Are intended for laying of an intra house network of removal of household drains. The main diameters of gray PVC pipes are 50 and 110 millimeters. Such dimensions make it possible to lay plastic sewer lines from any household and sanitary appliances. A wide range of fittings allows you to create a line of various configurations. This factor is important when working indoors. The strength characteristics of the gray PVC pipe allow it to cope with the usual loads that occur in internal networks. But due to insufficient rigidity, such an element of engineering communication is not allowed to be laid in the ground,
- orange pipes. Outdoor networks - this is the main scope of such products.
Useful information! Orange sewer pipes should not be used in domestic networks, as they are less resistant to high temperatures.
The standard diameters of orange PVC plastic pipes are 110 and 150 millimeters, which makes it possible to organize the removal of sewage from any buildings and premises. Their main advantage - increased strength - is provided by a combination of two factors. These are the unique physical properties of the material itself and the increased wall thickness.
In practice, to create external highways, mainly orange smooth-walled products of the following stiffness classes are used:
- SN 4: Withstand periodic loads produced by passing light vehicles,
- SN 8: High strength. The laying of products of this class is allowed under highways with heavy traffic,
- corrugated pipes . Such plastic products have even higher mechanical strength. The area of the outer surface of the corrugation with a variable section is greater than that of a smooth pipeline element of the same diameter. Due to this, the pressure created by the soil is redistributed. That is why even large corrugated pipes can withstand significant loads.
Gray smooth pipes are mainly intended for domestic sewage, therefore they are presented on the market in small diameters.
The industry produces two types of such products:
- single layer. The inner and outer surface is ribbed. The price of a single-layer corrugated pipe is relatively small. However, the efficiency of effluent removal through them is significantly deteriorating,
- two-layer. The inner surface is smooth and the outer surface is ribbed. This design provides a level of flow resistance that is no greater than conventional smooth wall sewer pipes of similar dimensions.
Typical corrugated PVC pipe diameters range from:
- outer 110 ≤ D out ≤ 1135 mm,
- internal 93 ≤ D vn ≤1000 mm.
Corrugated gray and orange products are widely used in the construction of filtration fields. This material significantly increases the service life of the drainage system and its durability. If we talk about drainage mains, then their arrangement without PVC corrugated products is simply impossible.
In addition, corrugated plastic pipe products are used in the laying of electrical communications and perform the function of protecting them from mechanical damage. But there is still such a factor as the possibility of a fire during a short circuit. And from this point of view, corrugated PVC pipes are an excellent solution. This is not only about the fact that they ignite at a temperature of 400 ° C. Corrugated PVC products are also self-extinguishing.
Advantages of PVC pipe products
The advantages of a plastic PVC pipe abound. Of these, it is worth highlighting:
- high strength,
- the absence of the phenomenon of overgrowing with solid deposits of the inner surface. Furthermore! PVC sewer pipe is self-cleaning. That is, the homeowner will not have to regularly clean the system,
- wear resistance. The passage of drains containing abrasive inclusions does not cause damage to the inner surface of the pipeline,
- environmental safety,
- affordable cost.
PVC pipes withstand heavy loads without loss of performance, they are suitable for laying in the ground
This list goes on and on. However, the above advantages are enough to give preference to PVC products when creating a sewer pipeline.
Useful advice! But we should not forget about the minus of PVC products: the maximum allowable temperature of the working medium transported for a long period of time is +40˚С. +60˚С declared by many manufacturers are allowed for short-term movement of liquid with such a temperature. Prolonged contact with hot water leads to a sharp reduction in the life of the PVC pipeline.
How to purchase PVC products for sewerage
A wide range of PVC products complicates their choice. Before buying, pay attention to the following physical and technical characteristics of such pipes.
- strength. The low density of the material leads to sagging of the pipeline in long sections. Especially noticeable is the increase in the size of the PVC pipe when it is full. Therefore, when mounting such sections, you will have to use additional brackets,
- working environment. The presence of aggressive liquids in the created sewage system is not excluded. This is important, for example, for small industries. For the pipeline to serve for a long time in such operating conditions, correlate the characteristics of its plastic components with the expected composition of the wastewater,
- section length. As you know, the linear dimensions of PVC pipes are different. Therefore, when developing a sewer system project, it is necessary to measure all distances. To form straight sections, it is better to use whole tubular products without any additional connections,
- pipe diameters. Different sections of the sewage disposal system are equipped with pipes with different sections. To organize a drain from the bathroom, you can use products with diameters of 50 millimeters. And the connection of the system to the central riser should be carried out by a pipe with a cross section of 100 millimeters or more.
A table of PVC pipe diameters and linear dimensions of sockets is presented below.
PVC pipes for sewerage and water supply
PVC pipes sizes. Types of sewer PVC pipes and their features. Advantages. How to purchase PVC products for sewerage. PVC pipes for plumbing. Pros and cons.
Sewer plastic pipes in many areas of human activity have almost completely replaced traditional metal pipes today. The first one is based on:
- polyethylene;
- polyvinyl chloride;
- polypropylene;
- polybutylene.
The most popular for arranging modern sewer systems are PVC pipes, because they are resistant to aggressive substances that are in domestic and industrial wastewater. Those elements that are in the ground can also have a negative impact.
Why you should use plastic
If we are talking about high-quality plastic pipes for laying sewers, then they have a perfectly smooth surface, so clogging occurs extremely rarely during operation. During installation, there is no need to use any special tool, a hacksaw for metal will be enough for cutting, and its fine teeth practically do not form burrs.
Key Features
Sewer plastic pipes are made from complex polymer compounds, which are obtained in the process of using the latest technologies. This guarantees durability and reliability. If you want to choose especially durable products, then metal-polymer sewer pipes should be preferred.
Plastic pipes are quite easy to install, their laying requires less labor, this applies not only to the inside of the house. Such products are characterized by excellent throughput, they are easy to bend at a certain angle. Pipes can be laid independently. They have many benefits, including:
- reasonable cost;
- no need for cathodic protection;
- low thermal conductivity;
- reliable protection against the spread of viruses and bacteria;
- durability;
- resistance to chemical influences, corrosion and external aggressive environment;
- slight weight.
Sewer plastic pipes are ready to serve more than 50 years. They do not require constant maintenance.
Size Information
The described products can have a variety of sizes. If we are talking about an impressive diameter, then it is designed for an increased load, therefore, such pipes are installed to service buildings of social facilities, cottages and apartment buildings. For example, a diameter of 200 mm is suitable for a hospital, hotel or sauna.
If the diameter is increased to 300 mm, then such a pipe is suitable for the operation of industrial facilities. In individual construction, products of small diameter are required. A 150 mm riser will not be fully utilized, even if there are several bathrooms in the house. Square pipes can be used to solve the problems of irrigating personal plots. To organize drains from individual appliances such as a washbasin, shower and bath, you can use 75 mm pipes.
To ensure the operation of the toilet, it is necessary to use a pipe of 100 or 110 mm. When choosing dimensions, it is also important to take into account the wall thickness, which will depend on the diameter of the pipe. If the cross section is 160 mm, then the wall thickness will be 3.9 mm. In this case, a parameter of 110 mm will indicate that the wall thickness is 3 mm.
The weight of the pipe also depends on the diameter. For example, a 160 mm pipe weighs 2 kg, while a 110 mm pipe will give a weight of 1 kg. Sewer plastic pipes also have a certain length. According to state standards, manufacturers produce individual segments from 1 to 6 m, with a step of 1 m.
Specifications
The plastic sewer pipe, the characteristics of which you should know before purchasing this product, has a high mechanical strength. This is due to the three-layer manufacturing technology and external corrugation. That is why these elements can be installed to a depth of up to 8 m. The pipes are resistant to aggressive environments. This is especially true for PVC-U materials, because they are used to transport gases and chemical liquids.
The internal pressure will depend on the wall thickness and design, the maximum value can be up to 16 bar, while the minimum is 6 bar. The main disadvantage of these pipes is the temperature limitation. The maximum temperature is 65°C while the minimum is -10°C.
Some models allow short-term exposure to temperatures up to +90 °C. The specific gravity may vary depending on the wall thickness and diameter, but on average it is 2 kg per linear meter. At break, the maximum tensile strength is 50 MPa.
Characteristics of plastic sewer pipes for indoor laying
The sizes of plastic sewer pipes have been mentioned above. But this parameter cannot be called the only one that should be interested in when buying these products. For example, it is important to pay attention also to the color that indicates the purpose.
A gray tint indicates that you have a pipe for an internal sewage system in front of you. It is distinguished by the smoothness of the walls, and is connected by a bell. The most popular sizes are: 32, 40, 50 and 110 mm. The length can vary from 315 to 3000 mm. Considering the stiffness conditions, the wall thickness should be selected. However, for gravity systems, this parameter cannot be less than 1.8 mm.
Characteristics of pipes for external sewage
External sewer plastic pipes are usually yellow or orange in color. They are used for laying outside and are operated under more severe conditions. This leads to the fact that they have their own list of wall thicknesses for each diameter. For example, for a 200 mm diameter, the wall thickness would be 3.9 mm. This applies to pipes for light conditions, they are laid to a depth of 4 meters.
With the aforementioned diameter, the wall thickness will be 4.9 mm, if the pipes are operated under medium hardness conditions, and they will be buried by 6 meters. The wall thickness will be increased to 5.9 mm if the depth reaches 8 meters and the hardness conditions are severe.
The cost of sewer plastic pipes
A plastic sewer pipe 50 mm is a product where the diameter is indicated. You will have to pay 94 rubles for the product. In this case, the wall thickness will be 3.2 mm. In this case, we are talking about the stiffness class SN 4. A sewer plastic pipe 110 mm will cost the consumer 200 rubles. The wall thickness remains the same. With an increase in diameter to 160 mm, the price rises to 579 rubles.
Connection Features
Plastic sewer pipes must be securely sealed and joined to each other. Ultimately, the master must receive a holistic design. For this, universal fittings are used, among them:
- knee;
- tee fittings;
- siphons.
A tee Y-fitting is used for connection at an angle of 45 °C. If it is necessary to form a right angle, a T-Y fitting should be used. If you want to connect a pipe of a larger diameter with a thinner pipe, then a sleeve is put on the socket, which allows you to reduce the diameter.
To eliminate blockages, experts recommend less frequent use of any kind of connection. Before connecting sewer plastic pipes, the structures should be cleaned, this is necessary when the pipe is soldered with a socket. If irregularities form on the inner wall, they will collect solid particles from the drains. When connecting with force, you can use a lubricant like soap, glycerin or grease.
Installation
The dimensions of the plastic sewer pipes must be selected by you before you start laying the system. Next, you need to follow the technology. At the first stage, the elements are adjusted, while the master needs to check the compliance of the slopes and angles. You can markup so as not to get confused in a large number of nodes.
In the next step, the elements are connected to each other. It is important to check that the product fits into the socket by a third of the seat. In this case, no special efforts should be made. For tightness, the joints are glued with a special compound. After applying it, you can put on the fitting. To create a branched system, tees or other distribution elements can be used. After completion of work, it is important to check the tightness of the system within an hour. If the leak is not detected, then the installation work was carried out successfully and efficiently.
Features of the arrangement of the sewerage system using plastic pipes
Plastic sewer pipes, the prices of which were mentioned above, must be laid with a certain slope, which will ensure the unhindered removal of waste and sewage.
If the slope is too large, then growths will form on the inner walls, which over time will lead to the formation of blockages and traffic jams. If the slope is made smaller or not provided at all, then the drains will not leave the house on their own, the system in this case will be inoperative. Plastic sewer pipes, the prices of which should interest you if you plan to use them when arranging the system, are used in conjunction with a metal fan pipe. It is required for ventilation and is set to a height of four meters. Its diameter usually varies from 50 to 110 mm.
If we are talking about urban multi-storey buildings, where a sewer riser passes through all floors, its diameter must match the outlet pipe from the toilet. This value is 110 mm. The removal of the pipe is carried out on the roof, it is left open. It will communicate with the atmosphere and eliminate vacuum, which could lead to the appearance of unpleasant odors.
When assembling the riser, it is important to strengthen the neck of each pipe with a clamp. If a compensating pipe is installed, then its fastening is carried out using the same technology. O-rings should not be assumed to be sufficient for plastic pipes. Over time, they will certainly loosen, and the joints may lose their tightness.
Conclusion
Installation of plastic sewer pipes is quite often carried out under highways. In this case, the system should be located at a depth of one meter or more. If it is no longer possible to deepen the system, then it is necessary to carry out its pulling in a reinforced concrete box.
It is important not only to correctly lay the sewerage system from plastic pipes, but also to ensure operation in accordance with the rules. For cleaning sewer risers, steel wire is used, which is not suitable for plastic structures. This is due to the fact that the wire can scratch the inner walls of the products. Therefore, it is recommended to use a soft cable that is protected by a rubber tip.
Pipes made of plastics such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) are an alternative replacement for pipelines made of metals or concrete, that is, they are intended for laying main water pipes, sewerage and drainage systems. In addition, they can serve as protective ducts when conducting cable lines for various purposes (fiber-optic, telephone, etc.).
Plastic pipes. Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantages of using plastic pipes in comparison with metal and concrete (ceramic) pipes:
- Flat and smooth inner surface of the pipe, which significantly reduces the coefficient of friction, thereby increasing their conductivity;
- Non-susceptibility to corrosive damage;
- Resistance to aggressive environments of a chemical or biological nature;
- Extended service life without special maintenance measures. Up to 50 years - plastics and up to 20-25 years of operation - pipes from other materials;
- Environmental Safety;
- Small specific gravity;
- Low cost;
- Simplicity and ease of installation work without the need to involve special equipment and equipment (installation is carried out using a special thermal soldering iron and mechanical scissors).
We will focus on the so-called red pipes - PVC pipes intended for the construction of sewers, with a diameter of 110 millimeters. Separately, we note that all plastic products undergo mandatory state standardization and have the appropriate certificates depending on the direction of their application.
Pipe for sewer system
Pipes for laying sewer drains have different colors (gray, black, various shades of both named), but the red sewer plastic pipe 110 (160, 200, 250) mm is especially popular when conducting home (private) communications. This is due to the fact that these products are able to withstand low temperatures and high ground pressure during their underground installation.
Technical description of a sewer pipe with a diameter of 110 millimeters
The technical characteristics of the sewer plastic pipe 110 mm have the following main definitions according to GOST:
- The size of the outer diameter of the pipe;
- Nominal wall thickness;
- Maintained minimum pressure in bar for different diameters and wall thicknesses.
Pipe sizes 110 mm for sewerage according to the materials of manufacture and GOST
The common dimension for all plastic sewer pipes is their length. It has the following gradations: sewer plastic pipe 110 mm long 50, 100, 200 and so on up to 600 centimeters.
The maximum possible length for this type of product is 12 meters.
The diameter and wall thickness of the pipe is indicated by the manufacturer in the marking on the outer surface of the pipe and depends on the material used for its manufacture. The weight of the product depends on these parameters, taking into account the length. The size of the diameter of plastic sewer pipes starts from 25 millimeters and, depending on the material and type of pipe (smooth, corrugated), can reach:
- for smooth pipes - 630 millimeters;
- for profiled (two-layer) - 1200 mm.
The most popular in private construction of sewerage systems are pipes with a diameter of 110-160 mm.
Calculation of buoyancy of plastic pipes for sewer systems (110 mm)
This is not the first time we have faced absurd questions from our users. And today the question becomes the leader: "How to calculate the buoyancy of plastic pipes 110 mm?".
The question looks absurd for the reason that the calculation of buoyancy is made for pipes intended for the construction of various water structures from them, such as pontoon crossings, landing stages, floating breakwaters and similar structures. At the same time, the minimum applied pipe diameter starts from 300 millimeters, depending on the purpose of the construction object. Moreover, there is no need to carry out this calculation for a 110 mm sewer plastic pipe due to its size and technical structure. Simply put, a flare extension at one of its ends.
Possible (and applicable) calculations of sewer pipes relate to their throughput of conducted liquids and the determination of the laying angle when laying free-flow sewer lines. In such cases, the following is taken into account:
- The length of the pipeline section;
- Inner and outer diameter of the product;
- The thickness of its pressure walls;
- Conditions for the passage of waste liquids (fecal matter).
For calculations of this type, there are special hydraulic and mechanical tables based on GOST standards.
Example. Calculation tables for an apartment building.
When using plastic pipes, the internal diameter of the pipeline is taken into account.
| Floor outlet diameter, mm | Angle of connection of the floor outlet to the riser, deg. | Maximum flow capacity of a ventilated sewer riser, l / s, with its diameter, mm | |||
| 50 | 85 | 100 | 150 | ||
| 90 | 0,8 | 2,8 | 4,3 | 11,4 | |
| 50 | 60 | 1,2 | 4,3 | 6,4 | 17,0 |
| 45 | 1,4 | 4,9 | 7,4 | 19,6 | |
| 90 | — | 2,1 | — | — | |
| 85 | 60 | — | 3,2 | — | — |
| 45 | — | 3,6 | — | — | |
| 90 | — | — | 3,2 | 8,5 | |
| 100 | 60 | — | — | 4,9 | 12,8 |
| 45 | — | — | 5,5 | 14,5 | |
| 90 | — | — | — | 7,2 | |
| 150 | 60 | — | — | — | 11,0 |
| 45 | — | — | — | 12,6 | |
| Note. The diameter of the sewer riser must be at least the largest diameter of the floor outlets connected to this riser. | |||||
| Working height of riser, m | Maximum throughput of a non-ventilated sewer riser, l / s, with its diameter, mm | |||
| 50 | 85 | 100 | 150 | |
| 1 | 1,6 | 5,3 | 6,3 | 14,0 |
| 2 | 1,0 | 3,1 | 3,7 | 8,0 |
| 3 | 0,6 | 2,0 | 2,4 | 5,4 |
| 4 | 0,5 | 1,4 | 1,8 | 3,9 |
| 5 | 0,4 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 3,0 |
| 6 | 0,4 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 2,4 |
| 7 | 0,4 | 0,7 | 0,9 | 2,0 |
| 8 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,7 | 1,6 |
| 9 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 1,4 |
| 10 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 1,2 |
| 11 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 1,0 |
| 12 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,9 |
| 13 or more | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,9 |
Cuffs for sewer pipes with a diameter of 110 mm or more
Cuffs sanitary rubber are intended for dense connection among themselves of separate sewer and connections departing from them (a washing machine, a shower cabin, a toilet bowl and so on). There are the following types of lip seals:
- rod cuff;
- piston cuff;
- universal cuff.
Various rubber compounds (silicone, rubber, etc.) with the addition of polyurethane are used as manufacturing materials for these products. Such compositions are distinguished by the high quality of their density, strength, while remaining elastic.
Can be used indoors and outdoors (installation). The dimensions of the cuffs correspond to the inner or outer diameter of the sewer pipe, depending on the type of installation of the cuff. Like the main products (pipes), they have a state certificate and standards (GOST).
Domestic use systems for the supply of water, heat and sewerage are in most cases mounted on the basis of plastic pipes. Polypropylene pipes are considered the most common and versatile. For the correct installation of the pipeline and its operation, it is necessary to know what diameter plastic pipes are and what they are intended for.
Purpose and characteristics of plastic pipes
To designate polypropylene tubular products in the international format, two letters are used - PP. This material is produced by the chemical industry, for its manufacture thermoplastic polymers are used.
These tubular products are produced according to a certain standard, which regulates the dimensions of plastic pipes and their characteristics.
For example, here are some data and their respective standards:
- The density of the material according to GOST 15139 is 0.9 g/cm 3 .
- The melting temperature, determined by GOST 21553, reaches 149 0 С.
- The elongation of the material upon reaching the yield strength in accordance with GOST 11262 is about 50%.
- The tensile strength is regulated by GOST 11262, and can have a value of 34-35 N / mm 2.
- The coefficient of linear expansion according to GOST 15173 is 0.15 mm / m 0 С.
Pipe diameter
The most important characteristic is the diameter of plastic pipes. There are the following types of this parameter:
- External diametrical section.
- Internal diametrical section.
Internal and external section of a polypropylene pipe
Communication systems for water supply, heating and domestic sewage are laid using plastic pipes of small diameter. In this case, the minimum value can be 16 mm, and the maximum - 50 mm.
Pipe products with a large diameter are used in the construction of pipelines supplying drinking water and draining sewage in the housing and communal services sector.
Types of polypropylene pipes depending on the scope of use
Polypropylene pipes are produced in only three names: PN10, PN20, PN25. However, they are enough to completely replace technologically obsolete metal counterparts.
Despite the thinness of the PN10 pipe, its service life is about half a century. The main application is cold water supply and heating systems, including underfloor heating systems (read: ""). PVC pipes of small diameter can also be used in the arrangement of storm and sewerage systems. The value of the outer diameter lies in the range of 20-110 millimeters, the inner one - from 16 to 90 millimeters.
A pipe marked PN20 can function flawlessly for 25 years. Due to the greater wall thickness, about 18.4 mm, the product can have external parameters similar to PN10, but at the same time have a smaller internal diameter. This makes it possible to use these tubular products in systems with an internal operating pressure of up to 2 MPa. PN20 pipes are quite suitable for the installation of full-fledged heating systems. This became possible due to the resistance of products to high temperatures, up to 90 0 С. For comparison, we can say that the PN10 pipe can function normally at temperatures not exceeding 45 0 С.
In the manufacture of PN25 pipes, additional reinforcement of products with aluminum film or fiberglass is used. The operating period largely depends on the pressure and temperature of the working medium.
The main characteristics of tubular products of this type are the following indicators:
- The carrier pressure is not more than 2.5 MPa.
- The value of the outer diameter is from 21 to 80 millimeters.
- The internal section lies in the range from 13 to 50 millimeters.
- The wall thickness can vary from 4 to 13.4 millimeters.
The price of a plastic pipe is determined by the listed characteristics.
Pros and cons of polyethylene pipes
On the positive side, the new generation pipes are characterized by the following properties:
- Compliance with environmental regulations.
- Long operational period, about half a century.
- Resistance to freezing of the working environment and its further thawing. This property is explained by the ability of polypropylene pipes to expand and return to their original shape without deformation of the shell.
- Quick and easy assembly of the communication system.
- Resistant to aggressive chemicals.
- Resistance to the occurrence of corrosive processes, as well as to the formation of blockages (subject to the rules for laying pipes).
- Low price.
The disadvantage of pipes can be called a negative attitude to sudden temperature changes. In addition, such products are not recommended for use in rooms with a high degree of fire hazard.
The diameter or section of a plastic pipe for laying water supply, heating and sewage systems is of great importance. This parameter indicates the capacity of the pipeline that provides the most efficient operation.