Let's compare what you need to choose - a one-pipe heating system, the so-called Leningrad or two-pipe. Which one is cheaper to create and which one is better in terms of performance.

What are the opinions, what the experts say

The single-pipe heating system has been used quite widely, it is efficient and many of its owners will say that it works either well or satisfactorily in their opinion. At the same time, at first glance, two-pipe systems look clearly more expensive, because two conductors are used instead of one. This, according to some, adds prices not only in terms of materials, but also during installation, clutters up the space.

But experts would rather point out that a two-pipe heating system for a private house is cheaper and works better, and you need to choose it. Why is that?

Serious disadvantages of a one-pipe heating system - temperature difference

In a one-pipe heating system, where all radiators are connected in series, the latter will be colder than the previous ones. But how much will the temperature decrease? And how will this affect comfort?

The temperature drops will depend on the amount of liquid passing through the ring main pipeline. The larger the pipe diameter and the higher the speed in it, the less the influence of each radiator will be. By increasing these parameters, we can achieve, for example, that the temperature drop across five batteries will be no more than 10%. But that's in theory.

In practice, we are limited by the reasonableness of the cost of the diameters of pipes and their tees, as well as the choice of a pump - to choose the right low-power circulation pump, and set it to the first speed so that it consumes no more than 30 W of electricity.

In this case, with "Leningrad without madness", we use the main pipe with a diameter of 26 mm for metal-plastic, or 32 mm (outer) for polypropylene to connect four radiators in a ring. Radiator connections are 16 mm (20 mm polypropylene).

Then the power drop on each radiator will be about 7%. In this case, the temperature will drop by about 4 degrees, and these are not the worst indicators.

Therefore, if the 1st radiator is 60 degrees, then at the entrance to the 4th we will already get +48 degrees C. In principle, the operability of this circuit remains up to 4 heaters per ring. But 5 pcs. can no longer be recommended - a sensitive loss of power and an increase in the cost of compensating it by increasing the radiator itself.

And 8 pcs - etc. - completely inoperable temperature schemes that cannot provide comfort, since the temperature drop on a ring with an acceptable diameter and pump power (without creating water noise) will be completely critical - up to 32 - 36 degrees.

How to prevent a decrease in temperature in Leningrad

• There is an opinion that it is possible to install thermal heads on the radiators, raise the temperature in the boiler and thus hope that the last radiator in a row of 8 pieces will someday heat up. In fact, this is completely wrong, if only for the reason that you have to wait - when it is already hot in the first room, then in the last there is still a glacier.
  And it is also not correct to operate the boiler in a high temperature mode, when it must often turn off - he heated the rooms, turned off, then heated up again ...

• Another option to equalize the temperature in the one-pipe radiators is to install additional balancing valves on the first radiators in order to muffle them and send more fluid to the latter. The result is an expensive and highly customizable system.
• Now the option recommended by specialists is to increase the power of the radiators from the required one. The increase should be proportional to the cooling of the water. For 8, the battery is already almost 100%. Expensive, cumbersome, but the heating power of the rooms and the air temperature in them can be leveled.

Which is cheaper and more profitable - one-pipe or two-pipe

A single pipe not only entails the complexity of setting, but it is also more expensive - only due to the increased diameter of the pipeline and its fittings.

Let's calculate how much the materials will cost for a typical heating scheme for a small house of about 110 square meters, - the first floor is 60 square meters, about 6x10 m, and the attic is 50 square meters, 5x10 m. There are 4 units installed on each floor. radiators. Reasonable minimum pipe diameter for - 26 mm.

For a two-pipe scheme, 20 mm is suitable here for both shoulders and risers, with such a small number of radiators. And we connect the second battery at a dead end already 16 mm.

Placing radiators around the perimeter of the house, 4 pcs. to the floor, we get the following:

For a single pipe, we need the following pipe lengths and diameters:

• 26 mm - 70 m.
• 16 mm - 5 m.
• Tees 26 mm –18 pcs.

For a two-pipe we need

• 20 mm - 42 m
• 16 mm - 50 m
• Tees 20 mm - 14 pcs.

Then the difference in price only on a branded metal-plastic pipeline is about $ 200 - installation of a one-pipe will be more expensive. And if we add at least a small, but increase in the power of the latest radiators (as recommended), then already $ 250.
True, if you use cheap polypropylene, the difference in price will be small, but still Leningrad will be much more expensive than a modern heating system with supply and return.

Unacceptable but cheap scheme

And if you turn on the radiators according to the scheme without an annular pipe, but simply connecting them in series? After all, then the minimum price. But the cooling of the coolant will be very significant, and include more than 3 pieces. batteries according to this scheme are not worth it.

The maximum of radiators is 4 pieces, but the power of the latter decreases by 35 - 40%.
Those. such a scheme is also viable, it can come in handy with 3 radiators in a ring. And with 4, already with a significant cost to increase its size and power, so it will turn out to be no cheaper.

Conventional dead-end two-pipe scheme, what are the advantages

The usual two-pipe dead-end scheme allows you to place 4 radiators in the shoulder, without balancing valves, while the temperature drop will be a maximum of 5% on the last radiator, which cannot even be detected without instruments. If you place 5 batteries, then without balancing with cranes, the power output on the latter will drop to 15%, which is also acceptable.

The diameters of the pipes are as follows.

• A line of 26 mm departs from the boiler, then in the shoulders to the penultimate radiator - 20 mm, and to the last radiator - 16 mm.
• Radiators are connected 16 mm.
• For polypropylene, the outer diameters are 32, 25, 20 mm, respectively.

As indicated, the cost of creating such a system is minimal; balancing is not required even between the arms, if the dead ends are approximately equal in terms of power and length of pipes.

Where and when to use single pipe heating

Monotubes used to be widely used in centralized systems where large diameter steel pipes were laid, and the pump was no laughing matter. The systems are still in operation and new ones are being designed, mainly at industrial enterprises, where there are kilometers of pipes, and then the system becomes more profitable.

Also, the risers of high-rise buildings are the same heating systems with one pipe, where a large head is provided by a central pump. But as soon as the temperature or pressure drops, which is not uncommon (due to a lack of energy, in some places the valves are screwed on specially), on the 5th floor of the "Khrushchev", the radiators become not at all comfortable, at least on the 2nd floor it is somehow acceptable, oh than the tenants of such houses themselves can tell. This is a pronounced disadvantage of a one-pipe heating system.

As you can see, it is possible to use Leningrad, it has the right to life, but only in very small systems, if for some reason only one pipeline needs to be laid, although in general it will cost more. The main choice should be a si heating system with the connection of all radiators using two pipes.

The heating system is divided into two types: one-pipe and two-pipe. Obviously, it is most profitable to install a more efficient one, which will not only cope with its functions, but will also serve you for more than one year. In order not to be "foolish" and not to be mistaken with the choice of the heating system.

You need to figure out which heating system is best for you and why.

Thus, you will know which of the systems is better from the technical point of view and how to choose it, taking into account your budget.

High water pressure ensures a natural cycle, and antifreeze makes the system more economical.

Disadvantages of a one-pipe system - a very complex thermal and hydraulic calculation of the network, since, having made an error in the calculations of the devices, it is very difficult to eliminate it.

Also, this is a very high hydrodynamic resistance and an involuntary number of heating devices on one line.

The flow of coolant goes to everything at once and is not subject to separate adjustment.

In addition, very high heat losses.

In order to be able to regulate the operation of individual devices connected to one riser, bypasses (closing sections) are connected to the network - this is a jumper in the form of a piece of pipe, connected by direct and return pipes of the radiator, with taps and valves.

To be able to control the temperature of each separately, the bypass allows you to connect auto-thermostats to the radiator.

In addition, it also makes it possible, in the event of a breakdown, to replace or repair individual devices without shutting down the entire heating system.

Single-pipe heating is divided into vertical and horizontal:

• vertical - this is the connection of all batteries in series from top to bottom.
• horizontal Is a serial connection of all heating devices on all floors.

Due to the accumulation of air in the batteries and pipes, so-called plugs occur, which is a disadvantage of both systems.

Installation of a one-pipe system

Connection is made according to the scheme, using valves for airing the radiators, which overlap the taps and plugs.

System pressure testing after which the coolant is poured into the battery and the system control is adjusted directly.

Two-pipe heating system

The advantage of a two-pipe heating system - this is the installation of auto-thermostats, which makes it possible to fully adjust the temperature in individual rooms.

This also includes the independence of the circuit devices, which is provided by a special collector system.

The difference between a two-pipe system and a one-pipe system is that in the first one you can connect additional batteries after connecting the main ones, as well as the possibility of extending in vertical and horizontal directions.

Unlike one-pipe, here you can also easily correct permissible errors.

Disadvantages of this system are minimal, if you have a sufficient amount of material resources and have the opportunity to call the master.

Installation of a heating system with a lower horizontal piping

This system allows the open tank to be positioned in a comfortable, warm place. Also, it is possible to combine the expansion and supply tanks, allowing you to use hot water directly from the heating system itself.

In systems with forced circulation to reduce the flow rate of pipes, the outlet and supply risers are located at the level of the first.

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Heating systems: one-pipe, two-pipe.

Nowadays, two different heating systems are installed in houses: one-pipe or two-pipe. Each has its own design features. Two-pipe heating systems are the most popular.

Nowadays, 2 different heating systems are installed in houses: one-pipe or two-pipe, and each has its own characteristics.

One-pipe heating system

To understand what it looks like, look at the ring with a stone. In the heating system, the boiler plays the role of a stone. As for the ring, these are pipes of a specific diameter that run along the perimeter of the entire building. Radiators are connected to them. Water and sometimes antifreeze are often used as a coolant. The functionality of a one-pipe heating system is based on the gradual release of heat from water. After passing through the ring, the water returns to the boiler with a lower temperature.

This scheme usually has a natural circulation of the coolant. Hot water is first supplied to the upper floor. And then, passing through the radiators, the part of the heat that has given off goes down to the boiler, carrying out full circulation. One-pipe heating system can be supplemented with elements:

• thermostatic valves;
• radiator regulators;
• balancing valves;
• ball valves.

Thanks to them, it becomes more balanced and it becomes possible to change the temperature in certain radiators.

Distinctive features of the heating system

The biggest plus is electrical independence, and the minus is pipes, which have a large diameter and the wiring is made at a slope.

In comparison with the two-pipe version, there are quite a few advantages:

• pipes can be diverted to the “warm floor” system or heating radiators can be connected;
• it can be carried out regardless of the layout of the room;
• it covers the entire perimeter with a closed ring;
• it is less material intensive and has a lower cost.

When using, difficulties may sometimes arise with circulation through the pipes, but this is easily solved by installing pump equipment. It produces competent circulation of the coolant through the pipes.

The vertical one-pipe scheme is a popular example of wiring in apartment buildings.

And horizontal is used mainly for heating huge rooms and in private buildings are used very rarely (mainly in small one-story houses). Here, the supply pipe bypasses the heating devices, which are on the same level. The water in each radiator cools down and, approaching the last heating devices, it becomes already significantly cooled. This scheme will help reduce installation and piping costs, but has two disadvantages.

Firstly, it is a problem with heat regulation in any heating device. You cannot increase heat transfer, reduce it, turn off the radiator. In the practice of installation, there is a jumper - bypass, which allows you to turn off the radiator without shutting down the system. Heating of the room is carried out indirectly by means of a riser or supply pipes. Another disadvantage is that you need to use radiators of various sizes. In order for the heat transfer to be the same, the first heater must be very small, and the last one must be large. A horizontal one-pipe heating scheme is also used.

Double pipe system

There are several types of it. The principle of operation is the same and consists in the following. Hot water rises through the riser and from it enters the radiators. And of them, through highways and return connections, it enters the pipeline, then into the heating device. With this system, the radiator is served by two pipes at the same time: return and supply, therefore it is called two-pipe. Water is supplied to this system directly from the mains. She needs an expansion tank, which is either simple or with water circulation.

The simple structure includes a container with 2 pipes. One is a water supply riser, and the second is used to drain excess liquid.

A more complex design has 4 pipes. 2 pipes provide circulation, and 2 others are needed for control and overflow, they also monitor the water level in the tank.

Two-pipe systems can be operated using a circulation pump. Depending on the way of circulation, it can be with a passing flow or a dead-end one. In the second, the movement of warm water is completely opposite to the direction of the already cooled one. Such a scheme is characterized by the length of the circulation rings, which depends on the distance of the heater from the boiler. Circulation rings have the same length in systems with one-way water movement, all devices and risers work in equal conditions.

A two-pipe heating system has a large set of advantages compared to a one-pipe heating system:

• the ability to distribute the heat supply in different rooms;
• can be used on one floor;
• locking systems of the return and supply risers are located in the basement - this significantly saves the area of ​​living quarters;
• minimizing heat loss.

The only drawback is the considerable consumption of materials: pipes need 2 times more than for a single-pipe connection. Also, the disadvantage is the low water pressure in the supply line: taps will be needed to bleed air.

The horizontal closed two-pipe scheme is available with bottom and top wiring. Benefit of bottom routing: sections of the system can be put into operation gradually, as the floors are built. The vertical two-pipe scheme can be used in houses with variable number of storeys. Any of the varieties of two-pipe schemes are more expensive than single-pipe horizontal wiring, for the sake of comfort and design, it is worth giving preference to a two-pipe scheme.

One-pipe and two-pipe systems: comparison

One-pipe systems, unlike two-pipe systems, do not have return risers. The coolant from the boiler, under the action of the circulating pressure or pump, enters the upper heating devices. Cooling down, it returns back to the supply riser and goes down. The radiators located below receive a mixture of coolant from the riser and from the upper radiators. Passing through all radiators and other heat consumers, the coolant returns back to the boiler, where the process is repeated again. The temperature of the coolant decreases when passing in a circle, and therefore the lower the radiator is, the larger the heating surface must be.

There are 2 schemes for one-pipe systems. This is a flow-through and mixed circuit. The flow-through circuit has a peculiarity - the complete absence of jumpers between the supply and exit from the radiator. These schemes are almost never used in the installation of heating systems due to their impracticality. One battery breaks, and you need to turn off the riser, because there is no way to turn on the coolant bypassing. The advantage of one-pipe systems is the lower cost of building materials and ease of installation. Installation of one-pipe systems requires top routing.

A two-pipe heating system can be used in any buildings: multi-storey, one-storey, etc. A two-pipe heating system is easy to implement with normal circulation, since its configuration makes it possible to organize a circulating pressure, do not forget that the boiler must be installed below the level of the radiators. It is possible to organize a forced circulation heating system by simply placing a circulation pump in the circuit.

If it is possible to implement a ring circuit, then you need to make it. A two-pipe system usually needs to be installed where there are gas difficulties, power outages, etc. For this system, a solid fuel boiler and larger pipes are enough. Has delivered firewood or coal, and you do not worry about frost.

Heating systems installation methods

The installation methods depend on the characteristics of the system.

The cost of heating installation work is determined by the features of a specific project, and everything can be calculated only by specialists with experience in such work.

If it is necessary to install heating with normal circulation, the installation of a system with a top spill will become effective. The water circulates through the pipes by itself. Bottom pouring systems do not work efficiently without a circulating pump.

Scheme of the collector (beam) wiring of the heating system.

Installation methods are also classified:

• by the type of wiring (collector, beam);
• by the number of risers;
• by the type of pipe connection (side or bottom).

Installation of heating with bottom pipe connection is the most popular. It becomes possible not to run the pipeline directly along the walls, but to hide it under the floor or baseboard. The aesthetic appearance of the room is achieved.

The main classification of installation methods is carried out completely depending on the scheme. You can do the installation of a two-pipe heating system or the installation of a one-pipe heating. In the second case, water flows through the pipeline through the radiators, cooling along the way. The last radiator will be colder than the first. With a two-pipe system, 2 pipes are connected to the radiators: return and direct. This allows the radiators to have the same temperature. The first option is the simplest and cheapest, due to the low cost of materials. But it is only effective in small homes. If your house is over 100 square meters or has more than 1 floor, it is better to install two-pipe heating.

The two-pipe system provides an excellent choice of radiator mounting methods:

• serial connection;
• parallel connection;
• side one-way connection;
• diagonal connection.

Depending on the location of the supply risers, there are certain ways of installing autonomous heating:

1. Heating with horizontal distribution.
2. Heating with vertical distribution.
3. Heating without risers with supply and return lines.

The one-pipe system is cheaper. If you care about the quality of the heating system, there is no need to spare money for two-pipe wiring, since we get the ability to control heat in the rooms.

The organization of heating a private house is not an easy job that requires maximum attention to each stage. First of all, it is necessary to decide which heating system to use: one-pipe or two-pipe? Your task is to choose the most effective strapping option, so as not to reap the fruits of your mistakes in the form of ever-cold ones in the future. And in order to understand which of the systems is better, we will understand the technical nuances and principles of operation of each, and also compare their pros and cons.

Distinctive features of a one-pipe system

One-pipe piping operates on an extremely simple principle: water circulates in a closed system from a heating device to heating radiators. In this case, the equipment is united by one circuit. All technical units are connected in series with a common riser. In a private house, a hydraulic pump can be used to supply the coolant - it creates the pressure in the system necessary to effectively push water through the riser. Depending on the installation option, the one-pipe system is divided into two types:

1. Vertical - involves connecting radiators to one vertical riser according to the "top-down" scheme. Based on the features of the installation, the system is suitable only for two-three-storey private houses. But at the same time, the heating temperature on the floors may differ slightly.
2. Horizontal - provides for a series connection of batteries using a horizontal riser. The best option for a one-story house.

Important! There should be no more than 10 radiators per riser of a one-pipe system, otherwise too uncomfortable temperature contrasts in different heating zones cannot be avoided.

Pros and cons of a one-pipe system

In the matter of the advantages and disadvantages of one-pipe piping, everything is not so simple, therefore, in order to rationally evaluate the system, we will understand in detail the specifics of its pros and cons.

Among the obvious advantages:

• Economical - the assembly of a one-pipe system does not require a large number of working materials. Saving on pipes and various auxiliary elements makes it possible to reduce the financial costs of connecting the heating system.
• Ease of installation - you only need to install one line for the coolant.

One-pipe horizontal heating system

Cons of one-pipe piping:

• Inability to control individual batteries - in the basic version, a single-pipe piping does not allow separately regulating the supply of the coolant to a specific radiator and adjusting the temperature in different rooms.
• The interdependence of all elements - in order to repair or replace any device, it is necessary to completely turn off the heating system.

At the same time, the indicated disadvantages, if desired, can be easily leveled with the help of closing devices - bypasses. They are jumpers with taps and gates that shut off the flow of coolant to a separate battery: if you need to repair any device, just block the water supply to it and start performing the necessary work without fear of leakage - water will continue to circulate in the general system in normal mode heating, bypassing the covered area. In addition, thermostats can be connected to the bypasses in order to control the operating power of each specific battery and separately regulate the heating temperature of the premises.

Technical subtleties of the two-pipe system

The two-pipe system works according to a complicated scheme: first, the hot coolant is supplied to the radiators through the first branch of the pipeline, and then, already cooled down, the water flows back to the heater through the return branch. Thus, we have two fully functional pipes.

Like one-pipe piping, two-pipe piping can be made in two variations. So, depending on the characteristics of connecting heating equipment, the following types of heating systems are distinguished:

1. Vertical - all devices are connected by a vertical riser. The advantage of the system is the absence of air congestion. The downside is the relatively high cost of connection.
2. Horizontal - all components of the heating system are connected to a horizontal riser. Due to its high functionality, the strapping is suitable for single-storey dwellings with a large heating area.

Advice. When arranging a horizontal two-pipe system, a special Mayevsky valve must be installed in each radiator - it will perform the function of bleeding air plugs.

In turn, the horizontal system is divided into two more subspecies:

1. Bottom routing: the hot and return branches are located in the basement or under the floor of the lower floor. Heating radiators should be located above the heater level - this improves the circulation of the coolant. An upper air line must be connected to the general circuit - it removes excess air from the network.
2. With top routing: hot and return branches are laid in the upper part of the house, for example, in a high-quality insulated attic. An expansion tank is also located here.

Pros and cons of a two-pipe system

Double-pipe piping boasts a rather large list of advantages:

• Independence of the system components - the pipes are routed in a parallel collector scheme, which ensures their isolation from each other.
• Uniform heating - in all radiators, wherever they are located, the coolant is supplied with the same temperature.

Two-pipe heating system

• No need to use a strong hydraulic pump - the coolant circulates through the two-pipe system by gravity due only to gravitational force, so you do not need to use powerful pumping equipment for heating. And if there is a weak head of the water flow, you can connect the simplest pump.
• Possibility of "building up" batteries - if necessary, after assembling the equipment, you can extend the existing horizontal or vertical piping, which is unrealistic with a single-pipe heating system.

The two-pipe system also has disadvantages:

• Complicated wiring diagram for heating equipment.
• Labor intensity of installation.
• The high cost of organizing heating due to the large number of pipes and auxiliary devices.

Now you know how one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems differ from each other, which means that it will be easier for you to decide in favor of one of them. Before making the final choice, carefully evaluate the technical and functional pros and cons of each of the straps - so you will understand exactly what system is needed to heat your particular private house.

Connecting heating radiators: video

Heating system: photo

Almost all heating systems currently available in any buildings and structures can be attributed to one of the two classes mentioned in the heading of this article.

The answer to the question of what is better is a one-pipe or two-pipe heating system, you can only carefully understand the advantages and disadvantages of each of the options considered.

Characteristics of a one-pipe home heating system

Which heating system is more efficient, one-pipe or two-pipe? It is impossible to answer this question unambiguously.

One-pipe CO has all the basic elements inherent in any heating system. The main ones are:

• A heating boiler that runs on any type of fuel that is most available at the location of the heated building. It can be a gas, solid fuel or liquid fuel boiler. The type of fuel used by the boiler has no effect on the heating scheme;
• Pipes through which the coolant circulates;
• Locking equipment for various purposes (latches, valves);
• Heating devices and thermometers;
• Air bleed valves. Placed on radiators (Mayevsky cranes) and at the top point of the CO;
• Drain cock (at the lowest point of the CO);
• Expansion tank, open or closed.

Benefits of using one-pipe systems

The difference between a one-pipe heating system and a two-pipe heating system is that the first is by far the simplest and most effective way to heat buildings with an area of ​​up to 150 m2.

The installation of a circulation pump and the use of modern technical solutions make it possible to guarantee the required temperature parameters in the heated rooms. Therefore, answering the question, which one-pipe or two-pipe heating system to choose, among the indisputable advantages of the first system, it should be noted:

Installation versatility. Such a system can be installed in a building of any configuration, and a closed loop guarantees the movement of the coolant along the entire perimeter of the heated premises.
Unlike two-pipe, one-pipe CO can be mounted in such a way that the heating of the premises starts from the coldest side of the building (northern), regardless of the place where the boiler is installed, or from the most important premises (nursery, bedroom, etc.).

The installation of the system requires a minimum number of pipes and shut-off and control equipment, the complete installation of CO is performed in a much shorter time than CO with two pipes. All this allows you to get serious savings in funds allocated to pay for construction work.

The system allows installation of the pipe directly on the floor or under it, which makes it possible to implement any design solutions in the premises.

The scheme provides for serial and parallel connection of heating devices, which allows you to control the temperature in them and adjust it;

Subject to certain installation requirements, the system can be made in a non-volatile version. In the event that the pump stops when there is a power failure, the coolant supply line switches to a parallel laid branch. In this case, the CO, from the option with forced (PC) circulation, goes over to natural circulation (EC).

Disadvantages inherent in the specified CO option

A two-pipe or one-pipe heating system for a private house? When evaluating the pros and cons, it should be borne in mind that the main disadvantage of a single-pipe CO is the fact that the heating devices are connected in series. And this, during operation, excludes the possibility of effective temperature control in one of them, without that it does not affect the rest of the radiators.

A factor influencing the choice whether a two-pipe or one-pipe heating system of a private house will be mounted at your facility, do not forget about such a disadvantage of the latter as the increased pressure in the system compared to the two-pipe version. This can be achieved by increasing the power of the circulating pump installed in the system, which entails an increase in operating costs and increases the likelihood of leaks, and also requires more frequent addition of coolant to the system.

The system requires vertical filling. And this automatically determines the location of the expansion tank in the attic space and, accordingly, the solution to the issue with its insulation.

If such a system is installed in a two-story building, then another problem arises. The temperature of the water entering the first floor may differ from that initially supplied to the second floor by almost 50%. To avoid this, it is necessary to install additional jumpers on each floor, and the number of sections of heating devices on the first floor should significantly exceed that installed on the second.

Which heating system is more efficient, one-pipe or two-pipe? We have already covered the first one. Let's consider the second one.

Such a system a priori implies the presence of 2 pipelines placed along the perimeter of the heated room. Radiators cut in between them, which dampen pressure drops and create hydraulic bridges. However, the problems created by this can be leveled out due to the correct configuration of the CO.

• Two-pipe systems can be vertical and horizontal, depending on the location of the supply and return (parallel to the slabs or perpendicular to them). However, it should be understood that the circuit installed in apartment buildings is inherently a horizontal two-pipe CO.

  A two-pipe vertical will turn out when the radiators are installed not in the breaks of the risers (as in the above case), but between the supply and return.

• Passing and dead-end COs. The first type includes systems in which hot water, passing through the radiator, moves in the same direction along the return line. If the direction of movement of the coolant changes after the heater, the system is classified as dead-end.

  The required option is selected taking into account the presence of doorways on the CO pipe laying line, which is quite difficult to bypass, it is easier to return the water in the direction in which it came.

• With bottom and top filling.
• With natural (EC) and forced (PC) circulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

One-pipe and two-pipe heating systems are compared according to their inherent advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the second system are:

1. The flow into all heating devices of the heat carrier with the same temperature, which allows you to set your own value for the required temperature for a specific room;
2. Less pressure losses in the lines, which allows using a pump of lower power (saving money on operation);
3. The system allows installation in buildings of any size and number of storeys;
4. The presence of shut-off valves allows for preventive maintenance and repairs without stopping the entire CO.