Clinker bricks for the facade dimensions. Clinker facing bricks. Clinker brick: what is it

Facade clinker brick is one of the most durable and reliable materials. Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, it is far superior to traditional ceramic bricks. High technical, mechanical, operational and aesthetic characteristics make this material an ideal solution for creating a presentable and durable building facade. All the characteristic features of clinker bricks are detailed in this article.

Clinker brick is a type of ceramic brick with a high density structure, which is obtained as a result of a special manufacturing technology. The material got its name due to the unique property of emitting a sonorous sound when tapping on it with any metal object. The word "klink" literally translates as pure ringing.

For the production of clinker bricks, special clays with unique properties are used. The material is fired at a temperature of 1000-1400 ° C until the clay is completely sintered, which turns it into a glassy mass.

For the first time, clinker bricks began to be produced in 1743 in Holland. This was due to a shortage of other materials that occurred as a result of the construction boom in Europe at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. The first fired bricks were used for paving roads. In terms of technical and operational indicators, it was similar to cobblestone, which was widely used for road surfaces, but the clinker was easier to install and had a lower cost. Therefore, the paving of the streets and roads of large cities with clinker bricks became more and more popular.

The first half of the 19th century is characterized by the rapid development of industry and the growth of large European cities. The old quarries could not provide the required amount of building material for the construction of new buildings and road paving. This became a prerequisite for the search for a material that would be similar to natural stone in technical properties, and its production would be possible in any quantity.

This period gave impetus for a more detailed study of the question of what a clinker brick is. Gradually, enterprises began to emerge that produce this material, which over time turned into large corporations with a worldwide reputation and successfully occupying leading positions today.

Clinker brick: what is it?

Based on GOST, it can be said that clinker brick is a high-strength product that has low water absorption, which gives it high performance properties and makes the material resistant to aggressive environments. Due to its excellent decorative qualities, it can be used for exterior decoration of the building.

Clinker is a brick of a regular shape in the form of a parallelepiped with certain dimensions. The outer surface of the product has a rough structure. The color palette of the material, which is due to the introduction of special additives, has more than a hundred shades, from light yellow to dark brown.

When choosing a material, you should know how the clinker brick differs from the ceramic one. To make clinker, a special type of clay is used, called skinny. Mineral components of igneous rocks are used as a charge. The mass is fired at temperatures above 1000 ° C. until the required amount of glass phase is formed. While conventional bricks are fired at temperatures up to 1000 ° C.

Due to the unique manufacturing technology, the level of strength of the material and its resistance to abrasion exceed those of high-quality concrete. The conditions and mode of firing make it possible to create a product with low hygroscopicity, which ensures low moisture absorption, which is only 8%. In contrast, brick absorbs up to 15-25% of water.

Important! Products with a glazed surface are completely moisture resistant, which significantly increases their frost resistance.

Clinker brick production

For the production of clinker, special refractory refractory clay rocks are used. They should contain a significant amount of aluminum oxide (17-23%), which reduces the viscosity of the clay mass. This contributes to low deformation of the product during firing. If clay with a lower aluminum oxide content is used in production, it is pre-enriched with kaolin clays.

The presence of a certain amount of iron oxide, which should not be more than 8%, gives the finished product a peculiar shade. However, the amount of this component should not exceed the norm. Otherwise, it will form a dense layer on the surface of the brick, which prevents the release of carbon dioxide from the product, which will cause the appearance of swelling and irregularities.

The amount of calcium should be in the range of 7-8%. An overabundance of component will lead to a decrease in the sintering time of the product, which can cause deformation of the clinker. The likelihood of the formation of a significant number of pores also increases, which reduces the moisture resistance of the product, and shortens the life of the material.

Features of the technology of manufacturing clinker bricks

Clinker bricks can be made by extrusion or semi-dry pressing. In the first case, the raw mass is mixed to a homogeneous consistency and fed into the container-extruder, where it is squeezed out onto the tape in the form of a rectangular strip with clearly formed geometric dimensions under pressure through a molding hole of a certain configuration.

Then, the volumetric strip, moving along the tape, is cut into separate products. Raw bricks go to preliminary drying, after which the moisture content of the products should not exceed 3%. The dried material is sent for firing.

The main advantage of this method is the production of high quality bricks with clear geometric dimensions. However, the technology requires high energy costs, which increases the cost of the product.

The second method allows you to reduce energy costs, while at the same time degrade the quality of the finished product. The essence of the semi-dry pressing process is as follows. The clay mass is cleaned, dried, crushed to a powdery state and moistened. Then the mixture is poured into molds where it is pressed. Finished products enter the chambers for final drying for 24-48 hours at a temperature of 80-85 degrees. Then the dried bricks are fed for firing.

The firing of the formed bricks is carried out in continuous firing tunnel kilns, with a length of more than 200 m, where dried products stacked on pallets are fed. The pallet conveyor moves slowly inside the chamber. Clinker products pass through several zones with different, clearly defined temperatures, the maximum of which reaches 1400 degrees.

Thanks to this technology, the clay is completely sintered. The result is a durable monolithic clinker block with a definite decorative appearance.

Type and typical dimensions of clinker bricks

Clinker bricks can be manufactured in the following standard sizes:

• single 1NF measuring 250x120x65 mm;
• one and a half 1.4NF measuring 250x120x88 mm;
• double 2.1NF measuring 250x120x140 mm;
• eurostandard 0.7NF in size 250x85x65 mm;
• modular 1.3NF measuring 288x138x65 mm.

For convenient installation, a clinker brick is produced, the dimensions of which are called fractions: 3/4; 1/3; 1/2; 1/4. The accuracy of the dimensions of Russian bricks is regulated by GOST, which allows deviations of no more than 2 mm in thickness, 3 mm in width and 4 mm in length.

Facing clinker bricks can be solid in the absence of voids, and hollow, with through holes of various sizes and shapes. Their number and size affects the weight of the product, which is 35-40% less than that of a full-bodied product.

Therefore, clinker facade finishing is carried out using hollow bricks, which do not create unnecessary stress on the walls and foundation of the building. In addition, due to the immobilized air gap, high thermal insulation of the surface is created.

The front side of clinker bricks can be:

• glossy;
• matte;
• corrugated;
• glazed.

Clinker bricks can be produced in various shapes and on order for a specific project, which allows you to embody the most daring design idea. Products can have rounded, semicircular cuts and internal roundings.

Scope and varieties of clinker bricks

Today the industry produces several types of clinker. Each type of bricks has a specific purpose.

Related article:

Characteristics and distinctive features of the material. Varieties of the product. Laying clinker tiles on the steps. Material cost.

Construction single or ordinary clinker bricks are used for the construction of supporting structures such as pillars, columns, foundations, plinths and stair treads. These power elements, erected with clinker, are distinguished by their durability, resistance to external influences and mechanical strength. The cost of clinker bricks varies between 35-100 rubles. a piece.

For interior decoration, clinker bricks are rarely used. It is often used to create separate fragments that complement the overall concept of the interior. It can also be used for cladding a stove, fireplace, erection of an interior partition. For interior wall cladding, colored or white brick-like clinker tiles are most often used, which retain their color for many years. Due to the unique manufacturing technology, it does not show the consequences of the negative impact of external negative factors.

Facing or facade clinker bricks have high decorative properties and a wide range of colors. Thanks to the glazed outer surface of the product, maximum resistance to weathering and sunlight is achieved, which prolongs the life of the material while preserving its original appearance.

Facing clinker is produced not only in the form of rectangular products with strict geometry, but also shaped parts. The price of clinker bricks per piece averages 35-40 rubles.

Sidewalk clinker bricks are used for paving roads, pavements, park alleys, garden and footpaths. Clinker brick for paths has increased resistance to abrasion and mechanical shock, which allows you to obtain a durable coating that will retain its original appearance for a long time.

Clinker bricks for the facade: types and scope

Today, manufacturers produce several types of clinker bricks for the facade, each of which has its own advantages and distinctive features.

The most aesthetic is hand-molded brick. Thanks to the unique manufacturing technology, it is possible to obtain a product of a unique shape and size with a different texture, which surprises with its diversity. This effect is achieved due to the fact that the initial raw material, clay, remains in its natural form, and then is pressed with the preservation of all channels and pores of the material. The result is a unique texture.

White clinker brick is a unique material. For its manufacture, clay of the highest grade is used, which is mined near the location of limestones. The finished product is able to retain its original whiteness for many years, despite the negative impact of weather conditions. This effect is achieved by firing the clay to a sintered state, resulting in a dirt-repellent and waterproof effect.

Solid clinker brick is mainly used for facing steps of external stairs. It is a reliable and durable material that, thanks to the ribbed surface, has an anti-slip effect. The product is made from refractory slate clay, which is exclusively mined in northwestern Germany, and is the benchmark for clinker production.

Decorative clinker facing bricks have the same technical characteristics as conventional finishing bricks. However, it has a more attractive aesthetic appearance, which is clearly displayed in the photo of the facade of houses made of clinker bricks.

Clinker ceramic bricks withstand significant temperature changes, several cycles of freezing and thawing, and have increased moisture resistance.

Helpful advice! This material can be used for construction in regions with high humidity and low temperatures.

Another variation of clinker is clinker tiles, photos of the facades of houses made of this material clearly demonstrate the popularity of a product that looks like an ordinary brick. However, the weight of the tiles is much less, which does not make the supporting structure heavier. It can be used for cladding an old building. The cost of the product is much cheaper, which makes the material the most affordable and in demand.

Technical indicators of facade clinker bricks

The resistance of the material to external influences and the durability of the coating depend on the density of the product, which is formed during the clinker firing. For facade clinker bricks, this figure is 2000 kg / m³, which indicates a high density of bricks, which can withstand significant mechanical loads without destruction.

Having low porosity, the material has a low hygroscopicity, which is only 3-5%. Due to this quality, clinker bricks absorb a very small amount of moisture, which is not capable of destroying the internal structure of the product and the facade of the building.

Helpful advice! For buildings located in areas with high humidity, it is advisable to use glazed clinker bricks, which are not able to absorb moisture.

Due to its high density and low moisture absorption rate, clinker facade bricks are characterized by increased frost resistance. It is able to withstand over 75 freezing cycles without visible damage, making it indispensable for buildings located in latitudes with cold climates.

To reduce the load on the foundation and walls of the building, facade clinker bricks are produced hollow, that is, as lightweight as possible. Through holes of various configurations are formed as a result of the use of special shapes during the pressing stage.

Due to its low porosity, the material has an increased thermal conductivity, which is 1.17 W / m ° C. Therefore, before facing the walls of the building, they must first be insulated.

Clinker is not afraid of frost, so it can be used in cold regions of the country

Possessing a high density, clinker brick has a low vapor permeability, which is only 0.07 mg / (m / h / Pa), which refers to it as an undeveloped facing material. However, due to this property, the material reliably protects the structure from moisture penetration.

Helpful advice! When using clinker cladding bricks, a good ventilation system must be considered to protect the walls of the building from condensation.

Due to the presence of refractory components in the composition of the product and firing the material at high temperatures, its good fire resistance is ensured. The structure remains stable without destruction or deformation even at very high temperatures.

The clinker does not have sound insulating properties. Due to the low porosity and high density, sound vibrations penetrate into the room without hindrance. Therefore, when using clinker bricks, it is necessary to provide reliable sound insulation, which can be created using heat-insulating material.

Clinker bricks are made from natural materials. Therefore, the products are environmentally friendly and free of harmful compounds.

Interesting! Raw materials and finished products are subject to mandatory radiation background control.

The main advantages and disadvantages of the material

The main advantages of clinker bricks include the following characteristics:

• material resistant to aggressive environment;
• the brick is resistant to sudden temperature changes and low and high temperatures;
• is dirt-repellent, eliminating the need for regular cleaning to maintain an attractive appearance;
• the service life of bricks is more than 100 years;
• finished products are available in various shapes, textures and colors;
• does not lose its original color when exposed to UV rays, atmospheric phenomena;

• the material is able to withstand significant mechanical loads;
• universality of application;
• does not undergo biological degradation;
• the likelihood of efflorescence and "shots" formation on the surface of the material after its laying is excluded;
• has increased moisture resistance;
• has a stylish and effective appearance.

The disadvantages of clinker include the following factors:

• high thermal conductivity of the material leads to significant heat losses;
• installation of the product requires certain skills of a bricklayer;
• high cost of the product;
• for installation work, it is necessary to use a special masonry mortar, which is suitable specifically for clinker bricks.

Helpful advice! Each sample of clinker bricks has a unique pattern, so products from one batch may differ significantly. Pre-sorting should be done before starting work.

Rating of world famous manufacturers of clinker bricks and product price

Today clinker bricks are very popular, therefore, a significant number of manufacturers offer it on the construction market, of which the leading ones are:

• LSR Group is the first Russian manufacturer of clinker bricks, which holds a leading position among global companies;
• the international corporation CRH Group has established its own production in 25 countries of the world. Produces high quality products appreciated by professionals;
• german manufacturer Wittmunder Torfbrand Klinkerwerk has been making the classic version of clinker bricks for over a century;
• the German company Feldhaus Klinker produces attractive clinker bricks in a wide range of colors;

• german company ADW Klinker produces clinker bricks in bold color variations;
• the Russian manufacturer Rauf produces clinker facing bricks of natural shades;
• the Dutch company Daas Baksteen has been making clinker for 120 years, which has a unique color;
• the Polish company Roben is also famous for the unique shades of the product;
• the German company Terca has been known on the world market for over 200 years. The best materials for landscaping and landscaping are made here;
• russian manufacturer Alfa-profile produces high-quality products in various variations;
• ukrainian company Kerameya produces high quality, durable and expensive products.

German clinker bricks are now leading the way among products from other manufacturers. However, these products are the most expensive. The average price of clinker bricks for a facade made in Germany is about 80-95 rubles. a piece. While the cost of a domestic product will vary in the range of 25-35 rubles. a piece.

LSR Group: clinker bricks from a Russian manufacturer

The LSR Group includes four high-tech modern plants located in the Moscow and Leningrad regions. They produce a wide range of ceramic bricks. Facade products take pride of place and compete with foreign counterparts in the field of design.

For the manufacture of clinker, high-quality Cambrian blue clay is used, which gives the finished products high mechanical and operational properties. As a result, you can get a strong, durable and aesthetic product at an affordable cost.

Raw materials and materials that are produced at the factories of LSR Group undergo strict control in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation. The variety of color variations and textures ensures the growing demand for clinker bricks from domestic producers.

Clinker cladding bricks for outdoor decoration are produced in nine basic shades, which became the basis for creating a collection of products with their own names: dark red "Edinurgh", red "London", dark red flushing "Nottingham", cream "Marseille", white " Venice ”, snow-white“ Naples ”, straw“ Valencia ”, light gray“ Uppsala ”, brown“ Munich ”.

The average price of clinker bricks for a facade per m2 is 1300-1500 rubles. depending on the type of product.

Concern CRH Group

The CRH Group Corporation consists of several companies that produce various building materials. One of them is clinker bricks. Modern technology and high-quality equipment allows us to create a quality product that occupies one of the leading places in the world.

Depending on the location of the manufacturing plant, the clay deposit and the material production technology, the appearance of the finished products is characterized by uniqueness and originality.

The most popular model lines are:

• Miraz - deep red clinker bricks with a corrugated surface can give a building a noble and perfect look;
• Wega - smooth dark chocolate clinker bricks are ideally combined with white grout, which makes the facade of the building lively and emphasizes the neatness of the brickwork;
• Orion - clinker with a smooth surface in milk chocolate color can be used with lighter jointing, for example, ivory or light gray, which favorably emphasizes the architecture of the building;
• Gozdnica - clinker bricks with different shades of yellow, starting with a light matte and finishing with a thick sandy one, are able to create an optimistic mood and fill the atmosphere of the site with sun, even in rainy weather;
• Ochra - products of traditional brick color are able to emphasize the neatness and respectability of a building made of another building material;
• Cherry - deep, noble, rich shades of red are able to advantageously decorate any building facade.

Classic clinker from Wittmunder Torfbrand Klinkerwerk

The German company Wittmunder Torfbrand Klinkerwerk is the only manufacturer of the classic version of clinker bricks. Products have been manufactured using ancient technology for over a hundred years. Brick firing takes place in a ring kiln - the only one of its kind that has survived in Europe. The sintering process is carried out at a temperature of 1400 degrees. for two weeks. This makes it possible to obtain a strong, durable and unique in appearance product.

Clinker bricks have natural, natural shades of fired clay. Dyes and chemical additives are not used in the production technology of products. At the plant, all work is carried out mainly by hand, which reduces the likelihood of defects. All these factors make the final product environmentally friendly and safe, but also very expensive. The price of facing clinker bricks averages 120 rubles. a piece.

Clinker bricks are produced in three formats, which have their own names: thin, Hamburg and Oldenburg. The color scheme is very diverse. Here is the largest and most varied palette of shades that can be boldly combined with each other. There are also almost plain products. Red clinker bricks are very popular, which add some liveliness to the building.

The visiting card of the company is clinker bricks, the photos clearly reflect this, in gold and silver colors, which are not produced by any manufacturer.

Helpful advice! If the building needs to be given an antique look, it is worth using the company's exclusive collection of facade clinker, which can turn a house into a medieval castle.

The company creates unique bricks, among which no two products are alike. Individually, the bricks do not look very aesthetically pleasing. They become especially attractive in masonry with beautifully executed seams, as clearly shown in the photo of a clinker brick house.

Clinker bricks from ADW Klinker

The German company ADW Klinker is one of the trendsetters in the clinker production. Its products differ from other counterparts in a bold and varied color scheme, which is obtained as a result of a special production technology and due to the use of special raw materials. Clinker products are made exclusively from white clay. This allows you to create a variety of shades of the product. But this is achieved without the use of dyes. Certain mineral additives are added to the raw material, which, as a result of heat treatment, give the clinker a unique characteristic color.

The company offers many inimitable line collections, featuring unique and unusual color combinations created by experienced design artists. Of these, there are three most popular options. The Hamburg collection is represented by products in the color of malachite and its shades. Bricks are produced with a smooth surface and a deformed shape, which allows you to create a special facing of the building.

Another, somewhat coldish option is the collection "Fubsortierubg", where gray-silver shades prevail, smoothly turning into a rich black color. This cladding is ideal for a solid massive structure. She favorably emphasizes its monumentality and grandeur.

If you need to create a warm, sunny and fresh atmosphere, then you should opt for the Sintra sabioso collection, which combines a delicate beige-sand shade and a discreet brown color, complemented by a wavy line and textured brick surface.

Today, many designers, creating their masterpieces, give preference to ADW Klinker products, which allow them to embody bold design ideas that will not lose their original appearance even under the influence of harsh winter conditions. The average cost of a brick is 60-75 rubles. per unit of product.

Clinker from Daas Baksteen

The Dutch company Daas Baksteen has been manufacturing clinker products for over 120 years. The clinker facing brick produced, the photo of the houses is a clear confirmation of this, has a unique and inimitable pictorial color, where several shades in the form of streaks and brush strokes are harmoniously combined.

Important! The company grants the right to create its own sketches of clinker bricks with the subsequent release of products, which makes it possible to implement an individual design idea.

“Baksteen 051-Cedarwood” can be distinguished among the most spectacular and unique collections. Here, the front side of the product has a textured structure that imitates cedar bark. Light colors seem to shine through rich dark shades, which allows you to create a three-dimensional effect. Such cladding will look the most aesthetically pleasing with snow-white door and window frames and other facade elements.

Another warm and playful collection, Baksteen 035-Dalby, creates a welcoming atmosphere with a harmonious blend of peach, red and ocher, complemented by splashes of dark brown through which warm tones are visible. Such cladding will allow you to create a cute fairy-tale house.

Another unusual option is the Baksteen Sussex Multi collection. Here are presented clinker bricks of non-standard size 240x90x50 mm, the surface of which resembles a rocky structure in color. This is ideal for a chalet that needs to be ennobled with lots of shrubs and trees after completion. It is also a good cladding for an office building and a country house. You can buy Dutch clinker facing bricks for an average of 70 rubles. a piece.

Russian manufacturer of clinker bricks Rauf

Clinker bricks at domestic factories Rauf are manufactured using modern European technologies, using high-quality raw materials and reliable foreign equipment. This company belongs to the LSR Group, which has been producing quality products for a very reasonable price for 20 years. Russian-made clinker bricks, photos clearly reflect this, are produced in a variety of textured and tint variations of red, brown and ocher colors. However, the products cannot yet compete with foreign counterparts. But production is moving forward rapidly. The price of the material is on average 30 rubles. per unit of product.

Among the offered assortment, you can choose clinker bricks, which are able to create an aesthetic appearance of the building. One of these options are vanilla products, which, in combination with white or brown grout, window and door openings, gables and a hinged roof of the same color, are able to create a harmonious and attractive structure.

Another interesting option is the brown MIX rustic clinker brick. It is painted in various shades of chocolate, which favorably emphasize the shallow relief pattern, reminiscent of a woody texture. Such a brick will be ideally combined with white or beige grout, which will create a respectable facade that will stand out favorably against the background of other buildings.

The White Venice collection is represented by products painted in a pale pink color, which creates the effect of a perfectly white facade in natural light. The clinker is in harmony with dark brown or black joints, façade elements or roofing.

Clinker brick cladding technology for the facade of the house

Clinker brick is recognized by many experts who have noted its high strength, durability and reliability. However, this elite building material is very expensive, therefore, when laying it, it is necessary to strictly observe all technological processes that must be performed carefully and carefully so as not to end up with a marriage.

The surface must be cleaned before laying. It is recommended to start laying dry from the first row. This will allow the vertical seams to be placed evenly and correctly and eliminate unnecessary cutting of the brick. Now you need to measure the height of the clinker bricks installed on the construction site. This is necessary in order to determine the average height of the brick layer, taking into account the horizontal joints, which should be the same for each new row.

The next step is to determine the lowest horizontal level from which the installation of the first row begins. Further, it is necessary to strictly vertically mount with the help of anchors a pair of vertical slats along the entire length of the facade, which are used as side edges of the facade. A mooring cord is pulled between the slats, which determines the height of the layer. Now you need to prepare stacks of facing material and containers for masonry mortar.

Helpful advice! When performing cladding, it is recommended to alternate bricks from different batches in order to obtain an even color distribution and achieve a neat and aesthetic appearance of the facade.

Features of laying clinker bricks

After completing all the preparatory work, you can proceed directly to laying the material on a special solution. The thickness of the seams should be no more than 10 mm.

Helpful advice! The working solution should be divided into several parts, which correspond to the work areas. Installation must be carried out in whole layers in order to withstand the average thickness of the joints.

If it is necessary to provide a ventilating air void in the wall, which is especially important for wooden structures, a vertical joint should be left empty every 4 rows, which should be filled with thermal insulation material. When laying bricks, it is necessary to strictly ensure that no mortar penetrates into the air space between the facing material and the wall. To do this, it is recommended to press it with a trowel on the clinker from the side of the air gap.

Due to the fact that clinker bricks have a low water absorption rate, for better installation, the product should be moistened before laying. Each new layer is laid down to the level of the mooring cord, which determines the average layer height. The classical dressing of seams when laying a brick must be taken equal to a quarter of its length. Expansion joints are placed as close to the corners of the building as possible. The distance between the seams should be 10-13 m.

Lay no more than 5-6 rows at a time. To align the structure of the brickwork, it is necessary not to beat it off, but to saw it off. The excess solution should be removed immediately, and if it has already grabbed, remove it very carefully, using a stiff brush or a wooden spatula.

For a reliable connection of the cladding layer and the supporting structure, it is necessary to use anchors made of alloy steel, which must be implanted into the wall at a certain angle to the facade layer, in order to avoid wetting the insulation when condensation forms on the surface of the anchor.

Methods for finishing the facade with clinker bricks

Depending on the material of the bearing walls of the house, the need to create an additional heat-insulating layer, a variety of clinker bricks, the technology for finishing the facade may be different. There are three ways:

• wall decoration with clinker bricks creating an air space between the wall and the material;
• facade cladding without air gap arrangement;
• wall decoration with the installation of a heat-insulating layer between the wall and the facing material.

The most common option is considered to be a method involving the creation of an air space, the distance of which is 2-4 cm. This is necessary to ensure free air circulation between the load-bearing wall and the finishing material, which simultaneously protects the building envelope from precipitation without interfering with their ventilation. This technology significantly extends the life of the building. This is especially true for prefabricated or timber buildings.

The technology of this method provides for the creation of ventilation ducts for free air circulation. This is every 3-4th vertical empty seam in the brickwork in the lowest and top row, not filled with mortar. It is necessary to install a special ventilated mesh in it to eliminate the penetration of rodents.

If the construction object is located in a cold climatic zone, before facing clinker bricks, it is necessary to create an additional heat-insulating layer, which is covered with a vapor-permeable film on top. Further, the surface is plastered using a reinforcing fiberglass mesh. Mineral fiber mats or polystyrene are used as insulation.

Helpful advice! When using mineral wool, it is necessary to leave a distance of 2 cm to the facing material in order to exclude the possibility of condensation in the insulation.

When using facade panels for clinker bricks, the need to install an additional layer of thermal insulation is eliminated, since the material already contains insulation.

Necessary tools and materials for clinker brick finishing of the building facade

To perform facing work on the facade of the building, the following tools must be prepared:

• a trowel for laying clinker bricks;
• a pickaxe hammer, which is used to hew and cut bricks into pieces;
• vertical wooden slats with a section of 10x10 mm;
• scraper for horizontal seams;

• mooring cord to check the correctness and evenness of the brickwork;
• a wooden spatula or stiff brush to remove the frozen solution;
• sponge;
• special pencil;
• v-shaped metal sheet to widen the vertical seams.

Helpful advice! For the installation of clinker bricks, an elastic trowel should be chosen, with a thickness less than the thickness of the joint.

For the installation of clinker bricks, it is necessary to use a special dry mixture, from which the working solution is prepared. The finished material has undeniable advantages over self-prepared cement-sand mortar. In the composition of ready-made dry mixes, there are no water-soluble salts, which subsequently form a white coating on the masonry.

The prepared solution from the dry mix has a homogeneous consistency, due to which it does not flake off, which eliminates the clogging of the air space. In addition, much less time is spent on laying bricks using a special solution than when using a cement-sand mixture.

Masonry mixture for clinker bricks

Today, a specially developed composition for clinker bricks of the Polish production Kreisel 130 is very popular. It can be used for both exterior and interior decoration without the use of additional grouting, which allows you to create a uniform and uniform color of the joints. After hardening, it has increased moisture and frost resistance. With its help, the formation of efflorescence can be prevented.

The material is available in 5 colors: brown, gray, brick, graphite and black. To obtain a ready-made solution, it is necessary to mix it in the proportion of 25 kg of the mixture and 2.9 liters of water. You can use the ready-made solution at an air temperature of 5 to 25 degrees. The consumption of the masonry mixture depends on the wall thickness and is 17 kg at a thickness of 6.5 cm, 45 kg - 12 cm and 110 kg - 25 cm. The cost of a 25 kg bag is 245 rubles.

Another popular masonry mixture for clinker bricks is Baumit Klinker S dry mortar. It is an environmentally friendly, modified material that consists of trass cement, mineral fillers and additives to improve the performance of the product. Available in gray, light gray, dark gray, anthracite, black, brown and beige. Can be used for interior and exterior decoration without the use of a joint.

The mixture is mixed with water in a ratio of 4.5 liters per 25 kg of dry matter. The ready-made solution has high adhesion. It can be used at temperatures ranging from 5 to 30 degrees. for 1-1.5 hours. The average cost is 220 rubles. per bag weighing 25 kg.

Clinker grout

To seal the joints that are formed as a result of laying clinker bricks, and create a decorative effect, a special grout is used. It can be made from cement or resin. The first option is used for exterior cladding, and the second for interior work.

Helpful advice! If wide joints are to be closed, a cement-based grout with sand should be chosen.

Before grouting, it is necessary to prepare the facing surface. Dry the brickwork thoroughly, which may take several days. It depends on the weather conditions. At this time, the surface must be reliably protected from exposure to sunlight, precipitation, and excess moisture. Grouting works should be carried out under favorable weather conditions at a temperature of at least 5 degrees.

The grouting mixture is produced in the form of a dry powder, which must be combined with water to obtain a working solution of the required consistency. To do this, you must strictly follow the instructions on the package.

To check if the mixture is of a suitable consistency, you need to take a little material in your hand, squeeze it in your fist and then roll it between your palms into a roll. If there are traces of solution on the palms, it is too liquid. If the roll crumbles, the mixture is too thick.

The grouting process is quite simple and is performed 4-5 days after the end of the installation work. Using a special tool, the mortar is pressed against the horizontal and vertical joints in such a way that it completely fills the space and comes into contact with the mortar for laying bricks. After the fugue is completely dry, its excess is removed with a soft brush. This should be done very carefully so as not to damage the integrity of the surface of the seams.

Varieties of clinker brick masonry

There are three main methods of laying facing clinker bricks:

1. Direct masonry allows you to create a pattern using different brick dressing options using an even distribution of joints.
2. Decorative masonry involves creating an ornament using a certain pattern of seams and using bricks of different colors.
3. Artistic masonry, or patterned relief, makes it possible to create a pattern using not only various seam patterns and alternating brick colors, but also using complex architectural elements in the form of grooves, protrusions, pilasters, slopes and other volumetric patterns.

The masonry can be single-row and multi-row, also bonded, spoon or combined. The masonry got its names from the names of the brick surface. The spoon is the long edge of the brick. The short, end portion is called a butt. Poke masonry is a cladding consisting of only pokes. In spoon masonry, every four rows of spoons are alternated with poke ones.

Combined masonry involves various options for binding bricks, where spoons and pokes are harmoniously combined in different interpretations that have their own names.

The aesthetic appearance of a clinker brick facade also largely depends on the quality of the processing of the seams, which should stand out on the surface of the cladding and favorably set off a kind of binding of bricks. Depending on the type of brick and design concept, the seams can be: convex, concave, single-cut, undercut, hollow, double-cut, concave or convex, which can be clearly seen in the drawings on the Internet.

Classic straight version of brickwork

Depending on the location of the butt and spoon bricks, various patterns can be obtained on the facing surface of the facade, which are characteristic of a particular type of masonry:

• old Russian, or Gothic masonry assumes alternation of spoons and pokes in each horizontal row, where each poke is located strictly in the center of the spoon laid below;

• the cross masonry provides for the alternation of poke and spoon rows, where the spoons should be located symmetrically vertically between two pokes;
• masonry "path" is a pattern where 5 rows are laid with spoons, which in each new row are shifted by half a brick or a quarter of a brick, and alternate with a butt row;
• american dressing consists of 4-6 spoon rows, which are stacked with an offset seam, alternated by a row of bonded bricks;
• in the English masonry, butt and spoon rows alternate;
• flemish dressing involves a different alternation in each row of poke and spoon bricks, with which you can get a spiral, cross, diagonal or double poke simple masonry;
• in savage masonry, an irregular and asymmetrical change of spoons and pokes is provided;
• brandenburg dressing involves laying three spoon bricks in each row, which alternate with one butt bricks, where the joints are located every 1-3 rows strictly vertically;
• herringbone dressing involves the creation of spoon rows, where the bricks are positioned at an angle of 45, mirrored in every second row.

In the photo of houses made of clinker bricks, laid out on the Internet, you can clearly see various options for direct masonry, which is used for facing the facade of the building.

Decorative masonry using colored and textured bricks

Decorative masonry involves the creation of a facade cladding where a geometrically clear pattern of seams is observed in combination with textured, colored or embossed finishing elements.

The texture of the brick is aimed at emphasizing the expressiveness of the brickwork. With the help of a grooved surface, you can create the atmosphere of an old building that has survived several centuries. Clinker bricks for plinths, pylons, retaining walls are usually used with a rough textured surface reminiscent of chipped stone. For cladding multi-storey buildings, cornices, piers, brick with a rough texture is often used.

Helpful advice! To enhance the decorative effect, inclusions of glazed bricks, located in a certain or random order, should be included in the brickwork.

Using bricks of different colors that are harmoniously combined with each other, you can create unusual decorative ornaments on the facade of the building. The most popular flat patterns can be obtained as a result of the implementation of one of the masonry: Flemish colored, chaotic, chain colored, Dutch, bonded, spoon with different brick displacement options, Gothic, Silesian, cross, Brandenburg and English. They can be seen more clearly in the photo of beautiful houses made of clinker bricks.

Today, straight Bavarian masonry is very popular. A unique pattern is obtained by alternating different shades of bricks laid in spoon rows, which is clearly displayed by photos of clinker brick houses located on the Internet.

The classic version of Bavarian masonry involves the use of bricks in four colors: dark red, brown, red and black-brown. The first row is laid out in a chaotic order from all colors. The layout of the second row is carried out in the same order, where the adjacent finding of two bricks of the same color is not allowed. After one row, the vertical arrangement of the seams must be observed.

When the question arises as to which finishing material is better to use for facing the facade of a building, many experts prefer natural, environmentally friendly, durable, wear-resistant, durable and aesthetic clinker bricks. Despite the high cost of the product, you can forget about repairing and sealing cracks on the surface of the cladding for many years, enjoying the pristine appearance of the aesthetic and presentable facade.

Clinker bricks have excellent decorative properties and amazing durability. What are the areas of its application? What assortment of sizes, types, colors and textures is available to customers? We will talk about this in this article.

What is clinker brick?

Thanks to the unique combination of elegant appearance and excellent performance characteristics, this building material is considered elite. Its use will help the house look aesthetically pleasing, while at the same time giving the facade strength and durability. Clinker bricks are significantly more expensive than other facing materials, but their quality justifies the costs. It was invented and produced commercially in Holland in the 19th century. Its name, translated from the Dutch language, means "voiced". At first, it was used only for paving roads, but later became one of the most popular materials for external and internal decoration.

Features:

Clinker facing bricks have unique physical and decorative properties. They are due to the unusual manufacturing technology and the use of special raw materials. The brick is made only from the so-called lean clay with a high content of quartz sand. Mineral dyes and volcanic basalt can be added to the refractory mixture. Sand turns into glass when exposed to high temperatures. The firing conditions for workpieces are very different from the standard ones. To obtain a product of the required quality, the temperature in the oven must be kept exactly at 1300 ° C. For comparison, in the process of firing ordinary bricks, 900 ° C is enough. Compliance with these technological conditions guarantees the minimum porosity of the material and its density. It gains exceptional strength and very low moisture absorption.

Durability and safety

Clinker facade facing bricks do not require special care and efforts to preserve their aesthetic appearance. Dirt does not penetrate into its surface and is easily washed off with water, this is ensured by the extremely low porosity of the material. This property also prevents mosses from growing on the walls. Over time, the color of the brick does not fade, since mineral dyes are added directly to the clay at the stage of forming the blanks. This facing material retains its original appearance throughout its entire service life.

In terms of strength, clinker facing brick is twice as good as ordinary brick. It has a high level of compression resistance and resistance to mechanical damage. Architects use it to erect foundations and plinths of buildings that bear the weight of the structure and must withstand heavy loads.

Moisture absorption and frost resistance

The internal structure of clinker bricks is characterized by exceptional density due to the pre-pressing of raw materials and firing at high temperatures. The almost complete absence of microscopic pores prevents moisture penetration. Clinker facing brick absorbs 3-5% of its mass water. If the product has a glazed surface, then it does not absorb moisture at all. For comparison, for other materials this figure is 25%.

The low level of moisture absorption provides tangible benefits. The cladding can be used in difficult climatic conditions without taking additional efforts to protect it from precipitation. There is a relationship between moisture absorption and frost resistance. If a brick absorbs a lot of water, its structure collapses at low temperatures. Clinker brick is free from this disadvantage and withstands at least 75 freeze and thaw cycles.

Durability

According to this parameter, this material confidently holds the leading position. If all technological requirements are observed in the process of using it in construction and operation, the warranty period can be up to 100 years. This phenomenal durability is the result of the many positive qualities of clinker bricks. Low moisture absorption, high frost resistance and strength reliably protect it from all destructive environmental influences.

Safety: environmental friendliness and fire resistance

Clinker facing brick contains only natural components: clay, sand and various mineral additives. It does not emit any substances harmful to health. This building material can be confidently attributed to the most environmentally friendly. Clinker bricks can withstand temperatures up to 1800 ° C without deformation. It owes such a degree of refractoriness to the refractory mixture from which it is made. The use of this material in construction increases the fire safety of buildings.

disadvantages

While there are many advantages, clinker facing bricks have some disadvantages. These include its low sound insulating properties. In addition, in terms of heat savings, it is approximately twice as low as ordinary red brick. It is worth noting that this drawback is partially offset by the fact that manufacturers produce many hollow types of this product. For example, facing clinker bricks for outdoor decoration in most cases are found in this version. Hollowness significantly improves thermal insulation.

Applications

The types of clinker facing bricks are determined by purpose. Façade used for exterior decoration, usually has a glazed surface for maximum preservation and moisture resistance. Manufacturers offer a wide range of colors and textures for this type of brick. Sidewalk used for paving garden and driveways. It is worth noting that due to its strength, it perfectly withstands significant loads, for example, the weight of a car. Building the type is used in the construction of plinths and foundations.

Sizes and colors

There are strict standards according to which clinker facing bricks are produced. Dimensions cannot have deviations of more than 4 mm in length, 3 mm in width and 2 mm in thickness. Accuracy depends on the quality of the manufacturer's equipment and the qualifications of its specialists. There are three main sizes of this building material:

• single (250 x 120 x 65 mm);
• one and a half (250 x 120 x 88 mm);
• double (250 x 120 x 140 mm);

European standard - 250 x 85 x 65 mm. The most popular are products from German manufacturers. Russian clinker facing bricks have an insignificant market share. A wide range of colors of this material is available to customers. Companies offer about a hundred shades created by adding mineral dyes to raw materials. Decorative properties combined with durability make clinker brick one of the most attractive materials for interior and exterior decoration.

highlogistic.ru

Description of clinker facing material

Clinker products are made from a special kind of refractory clays by firing at elevated temperatures (over 1000 ° C). The result of firing at such a high temperature is a homogeneous composition of the products, without voids and particles of foreign origin. This technology endows the clinker with high strength and durability. Clinker facing material has excellent performance characteristics: it is resistant to water, frost, creates a good barrier against sound penetration and heat leakage. The density of the structure makes it extremely wear resistant and prevents contamination.

Clinker is a versatile building material, which allows it to be used in various areas of construction. Such bricks are involved in the construction of new buildings and in the reconstruction of already worn-out ones, they are used for revealing the facades of houses and constructing columns from it, decorating window openings, etc.

For cladding, a facade clinker specially designed for these purposes, or colored (or glazed), is used. Glazed clinker products can not only have different shades, but are also glossy and matte. It depends on the glazing method.

Conventionally, the glazing method looks like this: paint of the required shade is applied to the finished clinker products (in 2 layers), they are put in the oven for a short period of time. Re-firing is performed at a temperature greater than 1200 ° C. As a result, the coating is sintered with the clinker surface. Glazing material does not lose its rich color for many years.

Quite often, clinker bricks are used in the arrangement of landscape design. Such a variety as paving clinker fits perfectly into the surrounding natural conditions of the natural landscape. When laying paths from clinker products, there is no need to worry: the paths will not deteriorate over time.

Figured clinker brick is a real find for design ideas. With his participation, it is possible to transform the most commonplace landscape into a whole work of art. Clinker is used when it is necessary to pave sidewalk areas near large office buildings, since such a brick is able to withstand more significant loads than analog materials.

There is no doubt that clinker cladding is durable, strong and beautiful. But few people realize that it is also safe from an environmental point of view. Clinker production technology does not provide for the addition of chemicals and impurities. Therefore, such a brick is rightfully an environmentally friendly material for construction. Which becomes an important factor in the conditions of mass propaganda of environmental protection.

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Dimensions and other parameters of clinker

The product formats are very diverse: from standard and generally accepted to the most atypical. That allows designers to implement a variety of ideas.

The range of various shaped materials with both protective and aesthetic properties is also very extensive.

The material is not cheap. Therefore, its selection should be taken thoroughly. Products of this kind are made in our country, in Ukraine, and in Europe. It makes sense to turn to manufacturers that have proven themselves in the market, who have been operating in this industry for more than one hundred years and anxiously guarding the traditions of technology.

German and Dutch companies, for example, have long earned a solid reputation. It is only important to note that their modern standards have some differences from those familiar to our compatriots.

24.0 * 11.5 * 7.1 cm basic dimensions of bricks for cladding and finishing works.

Frost resistance of bricks (letter F) usually has designations 35-100. The higher the number, the higher the frost resistance. The frost resistance of clinker bricks is 150.

When hit with a hammer on high-strength grades (M150-300) of products, they break off the smallest crumb and form sparks, but do not split. Clinker strength reaches at least M400.

Clinker cladding material is a kind of "aristocrat" in the construction finishing market. Its technology has been known for a long time, as well as its quality and long service life.

www.vsebloki.ru

Application area

This type of stone is the most widely used in construction. The reason for this was many factors that make it as convenient as possible for operation in a wide variety of roles:

• direct construction. The technical characteristics of this type of stone make it possible to erect strong and strong buildings from it. Despite the fact that clinker bricks have air cavities, it remains the most reliable option that is used when performing this type of work;

• a variety of forms allows you to use it for the construction of columns, curbs and other extravagant architectural forms;
• specialized types of this material allow you to lay sidewalks and paths from it, as well as use it as cladding. For the latter type of work, clinker tiles are used, which, in fact, is not a stone. However, it is impossible not to pay attention to it, because it performs its role and functions at the highest level;
• a variety of colors gives impetus to the implementation of all kinds of design solutions.

As we can see, the spectrum is wide. I have always voted for this material only because its dimensions and shapes are of a wide variety of types. To make the same arch, which will lead the path to the garden of unimaginable beauty, is much easier, having ready-made details at once, and not pouring a fancy shape out of concrete. We can say that the Lego constructor was made in his image and likeness.

What does it consist of

This material contains four elements:

• calcium;
• silicon;
• iron;
• aluminum.

As we can see, it is environmentally friendly and has no modified impurities that would make it less popular.

Proportions remain the predominant fact in production. If you make a mistake, you can make the brick completely unusable. Some manufacturers add titanium, magnesium or manganese to the formula. The need depends on the geographical distribution of the product, because the climate of certain regions requires some features.

Unfortunately, creating it at home is an order of magnitude more difficult than, for example, sawdust concrete blocks. It's all to blame for the production process, which assumes the presence of a large amount of equipment, and the price for it is too tough for the average builder-layman.

The simple composition makes the clinker brick an order of magnitude cheaper than the others, but the material does not lose quality. However, do not grab onto the cheapest option, because the chance of getting a low-quality product will be very high in this case.

Characteristics and dimensions

Friends, you can talk about the properties of the raw materials under discussion for years. Each builder has his own vision of its application, and at each site of the construction site, he can shine with some separate feature. I'll tell you about the classic ones:

• unimaginable strength. The chemical composition of the solution from which it is made directly affects the ability to withstand pressure and physical stress;
• water absorption is one of the most important indicators that must be agreed with the seller. If you are not sure that you are holding a high-quality product in your hands that will calmly withstand autumn showers, then a little below you can read how to protect yourself and your wallet from unnecessary waste;
• resistance to negative temperatures is also a positive feature of this type of brick. It can withstand two hundred cycles of complete freezing and not collapse. What does it mean? If in your city for two hundred years every year there will be a fierce winter, then you can be sure that the building will withstand without problems;
• light weight allows you to simplify the process of masonry and transportation;
• low thermal conductivity values \u200b\u200ballow not to resort to the process of artificial insulation and to keep the appearance of the building facade intact and authentic;
• the clinker does not lend itself to high temperatures, which allows it not to collapse in the event of fires, but to continue to fulfill its purpose for another one and a half hundred years.

Now let's talk about what shapes and sizes this raw material is. The variety is, in fact, insanely huge. There is even an opinion among builders that bizarre clinker can be presented as a gift for some holiday.

Classically it has a length of 240 millimeters, a width of 120 mm and a height of 71 mm. Used for standard construction work. If you have a desire to save money, but you do not pursue thermal conductivity, sound insulation, and wall thickness, then a stone of the same natural shape, which has a smaller thickness, is quite suitable for you. A lot of such samples are on construction yards in hypermarkets.

Remember to use unique dimensions when calculating. Otherwise, you will have to lay out a certain amount of money for exchange and transportation.

How not to get caught by scammers

In order to protect yourself and your building from a low-quality product, you can conduct a water absorption testing process. To do this, buy one copy of a brick and do the following with it:

• take a bucket of ordinary water so that the stone can be completely immersed in it. Do not forget about Archimedes' law or prepare a rag;
• weigh the subject before immersing the subject in water. Fans need not be invited, since the battle will not take place;
• leave it in the liquid for a whole day so that it absorbs a certain amount of moisture;
• weigh the brick after 24 hours and calculate the percentage of the mass difference. It is he who should not exceed the 5% mark. Otherwise, be sure that you have a brazen fake in your hands.

Dear friends, I have repeatedly come across the purchase of a low-quality product. When construction begins, and the amount for materials is growing every second, the owners do not really think about quality, because the wallet is not rubber.

Once we built an extension to the house, which was in direct contact with the fireplace. The latter served as a source of heat for the entire building, therefore, the temperature was definitely high. Before starting work, I, as usual, checked the quality of the materials, and it turned out to be by no means the best.

The client felt that my opinion was not so important, and I did not want to resist, so I just did my job. Everything was done, but when calculating and parting, I said that we will see you soon. The owner smiled maliciously and did not attach any importance to my words.

A couple of years later, I was working at a nearby facility and decided to stop by to find out how things were going. My eyes widened to an exorbitant size, since I did not see my work. The entire extension was destroyed and rebuilt by another team of builders. I never got a call. Apparently it was a shame.

Don't save money on materials! Remember that it is quality that always keeps your savings, and not low prices!

seberemont.ru

# 1. Features of the production of clinker bricks

The production process of clinker bricks is in many ways reminiscent of the production technology of the ceramic that is familiar to all of us: the clay mass is molded and then fired in a furnace. By and large, clinker bricks can be considered a kind of ceramic, the differences lie only in the characteristics of the raw materials and the temperatures of its processing.

For the manufacture of clinker bricks, special refractory clay grades... In kilns, the temperature rises to 1200-1300 0 С (for ceramic bricks the temperature indicators are 800-900 0 С), which provides complete sintering carefully compressed raw materials. All voids are filled, and in the end it turns out monolithic brick with unique properties. Due to its structure, it has high strength and wear resistance, ahead of all other types of bricks in these parameters. The absence of pores inside the product allows us to speak of minimal hygroscopicity. The moisture absorption index of clinker bricks is not more than 4-6%, and for the closest competitor, ceramic bricks, this parameter reaches 15-20%. It is not surprising that buildings that were built in the 19th century using this material retain their former appearance to this day.

To get a really strong and durable material, you need to be very careful about the choice of raw materials and production technology. Deposits of suitable types of clay are present in Germany, Poland, Austria and Holland. In Russia, there are very few of them, therefore, almost all clinker bricks on the market are imported, which affects the cost of an already expensive product.

Today, almost all clinker brick factories use machine molding, which ensures high performance of the material. Brick hand molding gets much less strength and higher moisture absorption rates.

# 2. Advantages and disadvantages of clinker bricks

Features of raw materials and production technology make it possible to obtain a brick with a unique structure, which has a lot of advantages:

Among the main disadvantages of clinker bricks it is worth noting:

• high price, because a material with such impressive performance, as you might guess, cannot be cheap. However, if we compare the cost of the material and its durability, then the purchase can be considered an investment in your maintenance-free future... Clinker brick costs twice as much as ceramic brick, but bypasses it at times in terms of durability and resistance to negative external factors. On the other hand, it is worth noting that it is precisely because of the high price that clinker bricks are rarely used as a building material - they prefer to use it for cladding;
• high thermal conductivityas a result of the almost complete absence of air pores. For high strength and moisture resistance, you will have to pay with high-quality insulation;
• low sound insulation qualities, which comes out again from the absence of pores, so the enclosing structures made of this material will also need good sound insulation;
• clinker bricks should be laid by professionals. In addition, it is necessary to use special solutions - ordinary masonry composition will not work, since the material has low moisture absorption.

It should be noted separately low vapor permeability... The minimum number of pores gives the clinker brick resistance to moisture, but at the same time prevents air from passing through the material. That is why, when using the material as a building or facing material, it is necessary to take care of high-quality ventilation.

Number 3. Types of clinker bricks and areas of use

All clinker bricks on the market, depending on the purpose, can be divided into such views:

For interior decoration clinker brick is used very rarely - such cladding hits the pocket and loads the foundation. However, today designers have already begun to use clinker tiles to decorate individual areas. The material is well suited for decorating stoves and fireplaces.

No. 4. Hollow and solid clinker bricks

Like other types of bricks, clinker bricks may differ by the nature of the filling:

No. 5. Dimensions and shape of clinker bricks

Clinker bricks are:

• standard parallelepiped, most common;
• figured, or shaped, has an unusual shape.

The world of brick making has long been established uniform standard, which all manufacturers are guided by. Single brick, and this applies to clinker products, has parameters 250 * 120 * 65mm and is denoted by 1 NF (the so-called normal format). Such products can be solid or hollow, they are used both in construction and in cladding - in general, they have found the widest application.

Standard bricks are also available in other sizes:

• one and a half brick, 1.4 NF, 250 * 120 * 88 mm. It is used in the construction of critical structures when it is necessary to save time;
• double brick, 2.1 nf, 250 * 120 * 140 mm. It is usually produced hollow and used in lightweight masonry;
• "Euro", or 0.7 NF, 250 * 85 * 65 mm, found application in cladding;
• half, 0.5 NF, 250 * 60 * 65 mm, also used in finishing works;
• modular single block, 1.3 NF, 288 * 138 * 65 mm, used extremely rarely.

There are other less common formats of clinker bricks, for example, 240 * 90 * 52 mm or 240 * 115 * 174 mm. The weight of one brick, depending on the size and fullness, ranges from 1.6 to 3.3 kg.

There are some requirements for the finished product, or rather its geometry. So, the maximum permissible deviation from the declared value is 4 mm in length, 2 mm in height, and 3 mm in width. The product must have the shape of a regular parallelepiped, and the maximum divergence of the parallel edges is 3 mm.

Brick of irregular shape is often used in facing. Curly products can have a wedge-shaped, triangular, rounded and other complex shape. Such elements are usually used to decorate window openings, window sills, house corners and other architectural elements. Shaped bricks allow you to create a unique look of the house and show your imagination to the maximum.

No. 6. Clinker brick color

The shade of clinker bricks depends primarily on the type of clay. The firing procedure also makes adjustments, after which products made from the same raw materials may have slightly different tones. New shades are obtained by mixing different types of clayNo third-party coloring pigments are commonly used. Huge influence on the shade has mineralogical composition of clay. So, for example, clays that are located near iron ores get a terracotta hue, clays near limestone - a white hue, and near coal - gray. Each deposit has its own unique color - no two are alike.

By mixing different types of clay, it was possible to obtain several dozen different shades clinker bricks, but all of them can be combine into three groups:

• natural terracotta and brick tones;
• light creamy shades with a transition to peach color;
• dark colors.

The rarest is considered white clinker brick, which is made from the best types of clay, which are fired before sintering. The result is beautiful products that retain their original shade throughout their entire service life, are almost completely waterproof and have excellent dirt-repellent properties.

Decent demand is for products that have undergone the artificial aging procedure, or on which an imitation of efflorescence or carbon deposits is created in the factory. This brick allows you to create a unique architectural appearance of the house.

Before choose a specific shade, it is necessary to clearly imagine, and it is better to depict on the layout, how this color will be combined with the color of the roof, fence and other elements of the site. It is also important how well the chosen color will fit into the environment and the style of landscape design.

If you want to get a special result, you can combine several shades in the facade cladding... For example, highlight window and doorways with darker bricks. You can use bricks of two or three different shades in a chaotic manner. Any experiments are welcome, but the main thing is to think well in advance what result you want to get. It is advisable to buy a brick in the amount that is enough to complete the entire amount of work. Otherwise, you may be faced with the fact that products from different batches will differ in shade. The difference, of course, will seem almost imperceptible, but after all the cladding work is completed, you will see a clear color transition.

Pay attention to the color of the decorative grout... It can be in brick color or, conversely, be contrasting. The shade of the grout dramatically affects the perception of the brick-finished surface.

No. 7. Clinker brick texture

The classic and simplest option is smooth matte surface... In this case, nothing special has to be done in the production process. To diversify the appearance of a brick, to give it a relief or gloss, the following technologies are used:

Any kind of clinker brick is suitable for facing the facade - it all depends on personal preferences and tastes. For paving paths, it is better to take a product with a noticeable relief - they will be less slippery.

No. 8. Large manufacturers of clinker bricks

Germany is considered the birthplace of clinker bricks. All major industries are still concentrated in this country. Here they honor traditions, develop new solutions and are very scrupulous about the quality of products. There are more than a dozen manufacturers in the country. On the domestic market, you can purchase products of such large German companies:

Separately, we note the products Feldhaus Klinker... Among the Chinese manufacturers, one can single out the company Houson, which is one of the few that produces really high quality bricks and sells them at very competitive prices.

Not so long ago, clinker bricks appeared on the market domestic production:

Of course, domestically produced bricks are cheaper than imported products, but when buying, do not forget that clinker cannot be very cheap - raw materials and production technology are quite expensive. Inspect the brick carefully for defects and geometry accuracy. Quality products will always have appropriate documents. First of all, it is a certificate of compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

Based on materials from the site http://thermobrick.ru/.

remstroiblog.ru

What are they made of?

The clinker facade bricks contain a mixture of plastic refractory refractory clays, which contain:

• Aluminum oxide in the range of 17-23%. Reduces viscosity during firing, thereby reducing deformation of the final product.
• Iron oxide up to 8%. An excess of this chemical compound during firing blocks the exit of carbon dioxide. This phenomenon causes the surface to swell.
• Calcium in the range of 7-8%. Excessive deformation, increased porosity and reduced strength.
• Magnesium oxide is 3-4%. Excess of this compound shrinks more.

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Production technology

Classic clinker is produced by hand in Germany at the Wittmunder Torfbrand Klinkerwerk plant and fired at a temperature of 1200-1400 ° C in ring kilns for 10-14 days. This makes the brick extremely durable and the color unique. Silver and gold clinker became the hallmark of the plant.

For any type of material production, its mandatory firing is carried out.

In addition to piece production, there are modern automated production facilities. Either way of formation, extrusion or semi-dry pressing, the firing step will be the same. For this, two-hundred-meter tunnel ovens are used. The brick moves on a conveyor through chambers with different temperature conditions from 1000 to 1400 ° C. The clay is completely sintered and converted into an aesthetically pleasing monolithic stone.

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Extrusion method

1. The finished plastic mass is transferred to an extruder.
2. Under pressure, the clay passes through holes of a certain shape and configuration.
3. The resulting long strip is cut to a given brick width.
4. Raw materials are sent for drying to a moisture content of 2-3%.

Among modern building materials, clinker bricks are widely used in the field of interior and exterior decoration. It is actively used to decorate the facades and interiors of objects of various purposes - restaurants, educational institutions, as well as residential buildings. Such a high interest in this material can be explained by the presence of such positive qualities as high strength, long service life and pleasant design.

Material description

For a better understanding of what this material is, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technology of its manufacture. Clinker brick is a material that is made from refractory clays, subjecting them to firing at a temperature of over 1100 degrees. Using this method allows you to get bricks with a homogeneous structure, without impurities and with a minimum content of pores. This technology makes it possible to produce an ultra-durable product with excellent technical characteristics.

The manufacturing technology determines the superiority of this brick in terms of basic performance characteristics over all other known building materials, including ceramic.

Scope of use

This material is offered on the market in several versions: facade cladding, sidewalk bricks and facing tiles. At first, it was used exclusively for the construction of sidewalks. It quickly proved its worth, and in the future it began to be actively used in the improvement of territories. This material is perfect for decorating open spaces in front of shopping centers and office buildings; landscape and park areas also look good with it.

Clinker paving stones are a very functional and attractive material that can easily withstand increased dynamic and static loads. Due to this, it can be used for paving areas with intense pedestrian and traffic flow.

Main characteristics

This brick is unique finishing material, which has certain distinctive features:

Varieties and their features

In the assortment produced by manufacturers you can find the following varieties of this finishing material.

Advantages and disadvantages

To see if this finishing material considered as a replacement for the traditional one, before buying it is imperative to get acquainted with its advantages and disadvantages.

Its main advantages are:

There is one drawback of this material - high price, because of which not every buyer decides to purchase it.

Popular brands and price

When choosing such a brick for finishing work, each buyer should take into account that the cost of the material directly depends on the characteristics of its strength. Manufacturers produce many varieties of this material, which differ in this parameter. Depending on the strength index, this product can be classified into types from M250 to M500.

Among them, the most popular brands are M250 and M300, which are made using shale clay and are distinguished by high technical indicators... Their density is at least 1500 kg / m 3, frost resistance is 150-200 cycles, and the water absorption coefficient can reach 6%.

In the domestic market Many manufacturers offer their products, among which the products of the following brands are of particular confidence among consumers:

Cost is one of the main factors that many buyers pay attention to. If we talk about clinker bricks, then its cost depends on the size and shape of the products, country and manufacturer, brand and other characteristics. On the domestic market, it is presented in various price segments. The cost of budget solutions starts from 30 rubles, and the price for the most expensive options can go up to 1000 rubles. per item.

There are many types of products from various manufacturers on the market of finishing materials. Among them there are those that are most popular with buyers. Clinker bricks, which have become available to Russian consumers for a long time, can also be attributed to them. Many people choose it not only because of the low price, although this factor often has a significant influence on the decision. More practical buyers pay attention first of all to operational characteristics, and in terms of them this material is an order of magnitude superior to its competitors.

This concerns not only the appearance, but also the service life, which for this material can reach 150 years. It has excellent frost resistance, thermal conductivity and other characteristics that many consumers pay attention to when choosing not just a beautiful material for facade decoration, but primarily a product that will protect the walls from the negative effects of weather conditions and retain precious heat in the room. This brick meets all these requirements perfectly.

The only task that the consumer needs to solve is to decide on the brand. In order not to make mistakes, it is best to give preference to products of well-known manufacturers who value their reputation and can guarantee all the declared characteristics of their products.

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Today, new building materials often crowd out traditional ones on the market, occupying their niches, due to their low cost, ease of manufacture, use and operation, the possibility of organizing mass production. In particular, this trend can be traced in the field of production and use of various types of small-piece products. Nevertheless, the fact remains that it is very difficult for the new materials popularized today to squeeze clinker bricks on the market. This is explained by the fact that this type of brick is characterized by a huge number of colors and textures. And if we add to this the impressive durability, reliability and environmental friendliness, it becomes clear why, until now, clinker bricks are out of competition in the construction industry.

Production technology

The term "clinker" itself has German roots and in translation means "brick". Traditionally, it is believed that small-piece clinker products with the best properties are produced in Germany and Poland. The manufacturing technology of this type of brick is very simple: it is produced by firing in specially equipped furnaces by exposing refractory grades of clay to high temperatures (operating temperature indicators, which are about 1200 ° C, are an order of magnitude higher than when firing standard ceramic bricks) until complete sintering raw materials. As a result, we can safely say that since only clay is part of the clinker bricks produced today, this material is more likely to belong to ceramic products, like faience or terracotta. It is worth noting that the clinker production process requires scrupulous adherence to all technological nuances, a special attitude to the molding of products and the quality of raw materials.

Varieties of clinker bricks

The varieties of this material existing today determine the features of the application of each specific type of these products.

1. Clinker facade tiles are a kind of decorative facing small-piece material used for finishing facades, as well as decorative finishing material (for interior decoration) of various types of premises. Its release is regulated by GOST 530-2012. Today, hollow, solid facade clinker is produced.
2. Technical clinker is used for arranging sidewalks, pavements, garden paths, areas both outside and inside. Sidewalk clinker is a more expensive type of technical clinker, which has the same scope.
3. The acid-resistant clinker has excellent ability to withstand various aggressive environments. It is actively used in laying out the facades of buildings and structures.
4. Waterproof clinker has proven itself in the arrangement of various hydraulic structures operated in high humidity conditions.
5. The specialized clinker allows you to finish surfaces with intricate, complex shapes. The production of small-piece products of this type implies the production of versatile corner elements (in addition to the standard ones). Some manufacturers offer clinker facing bricks for various surfaces.
6. Clinker used in decorative finishing work or in the construction of structures (gazebos, fences, awnings, etc.) with a low load on the supporting structures.

The production of all types of clinker bricks, except for facade bricks, is not standardized and is regulated by the technical conditions of each specific manufacturer. The difference in the characteristics of each type of clinker is achieved by using different types of clays that differ in the initial data.

Dimensions and weight

The main dimensions of the clinker:

• 250 x 120 x 65 mm (1 NF - single);
• 250 x 85 x 65 mm (0.7 NF - "euro");
• 250 x 60 x 65 mm (0.5 NF - half).

When manufacturing non-standard products, dimensional deviations are allowed (dimensions are set by a specific manufacturer on an individual basis).

The weight of clinker bricks depends on the manufacturer and can vary from 1.6 to 3.3 kg.

Technical characteristics of clinker bricks

Depending on the brands and manufacturer, there may be the following characteristics:

• strength grades: M200-M1000;
• water absorption: 3-6%;
• density: from 1500 to 2000 kg / m³;
• thermal conductivity: from 0.4 to 0.9 W / (m · ° C);
• frost resistance: from 100 to 300 cycles;
• voidness: up to 48%.

Benefits

• more than a solid service life (at least 100 years);
• high aesthetic qualities;
• high strength characteristics;
• the ability to manufacture a huge range of products with any shape, color, texture;
• the possibility of a wide range of applications;
• versatility.

disadvantages

The disadvantages of clinker products include a very significant point - their high cost, which is at least 2 times higher than the price of ordinary ceramic bricks. However, if we consider this factor in the light of the fact that the operating periods of clinker facilities are several times higher than those for structures made of ordinary bricks, then talk about the shortcomings of the former does not stand up to criticism. In addition, special mortars must be used to lay this type of brick, due to its low water absorption.

Informed choice

When deciding on the choice of clinker bricks as a building material, it is worthwhile to study in detail the photos, videos of various examples of its use in the construction of objects of varying complexity and purpose. After reviewing the reviews on the operation of structures made of clinker bricks, we can conclude that today it is the optimal material for the construction of objects of any complexity.

Video

Brick cladding of external walls helps to improve the appearance of the building and to protect the main masonry from negative environmental influences. Clinker bricks for the facade are strong and durable, and a varied palette of natural shades and exquisite textures imitating natural stone will allow you to create exquisite finishes and refine the facade of the house.

What are they made of?

The clinker facade bricks contain a mixture of plastic refractory refractory clays, which contain:

• Aluminum oxide in the range of 17-23%. Reduces viscosity during firing, thereby reducing deformation of the final product.
• Iron oxide up to 8%. An excess of this chemical compound during firing blocks the exit of carbon dioxide. This phenomenon causes the surface to swell.
• Calcium in the range of 7-8%. Excessive deformation, increased porosity and reduced strength.
• Magnesium oxide is 3-4%. Excess of this compound shrinks more.

Production technology

Classic clinker is produced by hand in Germany at the Wittmunder Torfbrand Klinkerwerk plant and fired at a temperature of 1200-1400 ° C in ring kilns for 10-14 days. This makes the brick extremely durable and the color unique. Silver and gold clinker became the hallmark of the plant.

For any type of material production, its mandatory firing is carried out.

In addition to piece production, there are modern automated production facilities. Either way of formation, extrusion or semi-dry pressing, the firing step will be the same. For this, two-hundred-meter tunnel ovens are used. The brick moves on a conveyor through chambers with different temperature conditions from 1000 to 1400 ° C. The clay is completely sintered and converted into an aesthetically pleasing monolithic stone.

Extrusion method

1. The finished plastic mass is transferred to an extruder.
2. Under pressure, the clay passes through holes of a certain shape and configuration.
3. The resulting long strip is cut to a given brick width.
4. Raw materials are sent for drying to a moisture content of 2-3%.

Semi-dry pressing method

1. Clay is cleaned, dried, crushed to a powder state.
2. Moistened with steam and poured into the mold.
3. The powder is compressed by compression in 15-40 megapascals.
4. The raw materials are transferred to drying chambers, where they are kept for about 48 hours at a temperature of 80-85 ° C to the required humidity level.

Advantages and disadvantages

Semi-dry pressing of the material significantly reduces its final cost.

The energy consumption of the semi-dry pressing method is lower than the extrusion molding method and, as a result, the cost of bricks is reduced. However, getting the perfect geometry and flawless material quality with a press will be more difficult. Such products are also inferior in terms of density to those made on a conveyor-extruder. But they are more expensive.

Dimensions and characteristics

The facade of high-rise buildings is finished only with hollow bricks in order to reduce the load on the foundation. The difference in weight reaches 35%. Facing a house made of clinker bricks with slotted products has a lower coefficient of thermal conductivity, which makes it possible to better retain heat in the house. According to GOST 530-2012, clinker material for the facade must have a frost resistance index of at least 75 cycles, a strength grade - from M250, a water absorption level of 3-5%, a density class of 2.0 and standard dimensions, which are indicated in the table:

Material dimensions may have slight errors.

GOST provides for permissible deviations (indicators are indicated in mm):

• length ± 4;
• width ± 3;
• thickness ± 2;
• curvature:
  • surfaces ± 3;
  • ribs ± 3.

For decoration, convenient fractional sizes are produced: "quarter", "half", "three quarters". Clinker bricks of European manufacturers have their own marking and format:

Marking	Dimensions, mm
DF	240 × 115 × 52
RF	240 × 115 × 65
NF	240 × 115 × 71
WDF	210 × 100 × 65
2DF	240 × 115 × 113

Types of clinker bricks for the facade

The material can be produced with a rounded edge.

The clinker, in addition to the standard rectangular parallelepiped, has many shapes: internal rounding and external, beveled corners, straight and semicircular cuts. There is an opportunity to make a collection of clinker facing bricks for an individual project with non-standard decoration elements and color schemes.