Funny and sad, scary and funny, they are familiar to us from childhood. Our first ideas about the world, good and evil, and justice are associated with them.
Both children and adults love fairy tales. They inspire writers and poets, composers and artists. Based on fairy tales, plays and films are staged, operas and ballets are created. Fairy tales came to us from ancient times. They were told by poor wanderers, tailors, and retired soldiers.
A fairy tale is one of the main types of oral folk art. An artistic narrative of a fantastic, adventure or everyday nature. Propp V. Ya. Russian fairy tale. (Collected works of V. Ya. Propp). - M., 2000. p. - 67..
A fairy tale is a work in which the main feature is “an orientation towards revealing the truth of life with the help of conventionally poetic fiction that elevates or reduces reality.” Zinkevich-Evstigneeva T.D. Workshop on fairy tale therapy. - St. Petersburg, 2000. p. - 112.
A fairy tale is an abstracted form of local legend, presented in a more condensed and crystallized form: The original form of folk tales are local legends, parapsychological stories and stories of miracles that arise in the form of ordinary hallucinations due to the intrusion of archetypal contents from the collective unconscious.
The authors of almost all interpretations define a fairy tale as a type of oral narrative with fantastic fiction. The connection with myth and legends pointed out by M.-L. Von Franz takes the fairy tale beyond the limits of a simple fantasy story. A fairy tale is not only a poetic invention or a game of fantasy; through content, language, plots and images, it reflects the cultural values of its creator.
In Russian fairy tales there are often repeated definitions: good horse; Gray wolf; red maiden; good fellow, as well as combinations of words: a feast for the whole world; go wherever your eyes take you; the riotous man hung his head; neither to say in a fairy tale, nor to describe with a pen; soon the tale is told, but not soon the deed is done; whether long or short...
Often in Russian fairy tales the definition is placed after the word being defined, which creates a special melodiousness: my dear sons; the sun is red; written beauty...
Short and truncated forms of adjectives are characteristic of Russian fairy tales: the sun is red; the riotous man hung his head; - and the verbs: grab instead of grabbed, go instead of go.
The language of fairy tales is characterized by the use of nouns and adjectives with various suffixes, which give them a diminutive and affectionate meaning: little-y, brother-y, cock-ok, sun-ysh-o... All this makes the presentation smooth, melodious, emotional . Various amplifying-excretory particles also serve the same purpose: that, that, that, ka... (What a miracle! Let me go to the right. What a miracle!) Bogat V. Fairytale tasks in TRIZ classes Preschool education.- 1995-N10.-S. 30-32.
Since ancient times, fairy tales have been close and understandable to ordinary people. Fiction intertwined with reality in them. Living in poverty, people dreamed of flying carpets, palaces, and self-assembled tablecloths. And justice has always triumphed in Russian fairy tales, and good has triumphed over evil. It is no coincidence that A.S. Pushkin wrote: “What a delight these fairy tales are! Each one is a poem!”
Fairy tale composition:
1. Beginning. (“In a certain kingdom, in a certain state there lived…”).
2. Main part.
3. Ending. (“They began to live - to live well and make good things” or “They arranged a feast for the whole world...”).
Any fairy tale is focused on a social and pedagogical effect: it teaches, encourages activity and even heals. In other words, the potential of a fairy tale is much richer than its ideological and artistic significance.
From a socio-pedagogical point of view, the socializing, creative, holographic, valeological-therapeutic, cultural-ethnic, verbal-figurative functions of a fairy tale are important.
It is necessary to use the listed functions in the practice of everyday, pedagogical, artistic and other types of use of fairy tales.
Socializing function, i.e. when communicating with new generations to the universal and ethnic experience accumulated in the international world of fairy tales.
Creative function, i.e. the ability to identify, form, develop and realize the creative potential of the individual, his imaginative and abstract thinking.
The holographic function comes in three main forms:
The ability of a fairy tale to reveal the big in small things;
The ability to imagine the universe in three-dimensional spatial and temporal dimensions (sky - earth - underworld; past - present - future);
The ability of a fairy tale to actualize all human senses, to be the basis for the creation of all types, genres, types of aesthetic creativity.
Developmental - therapeutic function, i.e. fostering a healthy lifestyle, protecting people from harmful hobbies and addictions.
Cultural-ethnic function, i.e. familiarization with the historical experience of different peoples, ethnic culture: way of life, language, traditions, attributes.
Lexical-figurative function, i.e. formation of the linguistic culture of the individual, mastery of polysemy and artistic and figurative richness of speech Fesyukova L. B. Education with a fairy tale. - Kharkov, 1996. p. - 93. .
The fairy tale differs from other prose genres in its more developed aesthetic side. The aesthetic principle is manifested in the idealization of positive heroes, and in the vivid depiction of the “fairy-tale world”, and the romantic coloring of events.
Fairy tales have been known in Rus' since ancient times. In ancient writing there are plots, motifs and images reminiscent of fairy tales. Telling fairy tales is an old Russian custom. Even in ancient times, the performance of fairy tales was available to everyone: men, women, children, and adults. There were people who cherished and developed their fabulous heritage. They have always been respected by the people.
In the first half of the 17th century, 10 tales were written down for the English traveler Colling.
In the 18th century, several collections of fairy tales appeared, which included works with characteristic compositional and stylistic fairy-tale features: “The Tale of the Gypsy”; "The Tale of the Thief Timashka."
The all-Russian collection by A.N. was of great importance. Afanasyev "Russian Folk Tales" (1855 - 1965): it includes fairy tales that existed in many parts of Russia. Most of them were recorded for Afanasyev by his closest correspondents, of whom it should be noted V.I. Dalia. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, a number of collections of fairy tales appeared. They gave an idea of the distribution of works of this genre, its state, and put forward new principles of collecting and publishing. The first such collection was the book by D.N. Sadovnikov "Tales and legends of the Samara region" (1884). It contained 124 works, and 72 were recorded from only one storyteller A. Novopoltsev. Following this, rich collections of fairy tales appeared: “Northern Tales”, “Great Russian Tales of the Perm Province” (1914). The texts are accompanied by explanations and indexes. In Russian fairy tales, wealth never had its own value, and the rich were never a kind, honest and decent person. Wealth had meaning as a means to achieve other goals and lost this meaning when the most important values in life were achieved. In this regard, wealth in Russian fairy tales was never earned through labor: it came by chance (with the help of fairy-tale assistants - Sivka-Burka, the Little Humpbacked Horse...) and often left by chance.
The images of Russian fairy tales are transparent and contradictory. Any attempts to use the image of a fairy-tale hero as an image of a person lead researchers to the idea that there is a contradiction in a folk tale - the victory of a foolish hero, a “low hero.” This contradiction is overcome if we consider the simplicity of the “fool” as a symbol of everything that is alien to Christian morality and its condemnation: greed, cunning, self-interest. The simplicity of the hero helps him to believe in a miracle, to surrender to its magic, because only under this condition is the power of the miraculous possible Fesyukova L. B. Education through a fairy tale. - Kharkov, 1996. p. - 104. .
Another important feature of folk spiritual life is reflected in folk tales - conciliarity. Labor acts not as a duty, but as a holiday. Conciliarity - the unity of action, thought, feeling - in Russian fairy tales opposes selfishness, greed, everything that makes life gray, boring, prosaic. All Russian fairy tales, embodying the joy of work, end with the same saying: “Here, out of joy, they all started dancing together...”. The fairy tale also reflects other moral values of the people: kindness, like pity for the weak, which triumphs over selfishness and manifests itself in the ability to give the last to another and give one’s life for another; suffering as a motive for virtuous actions and deeds; victory of spiritual strength over physical strength. The embodiment of these values makes the meaning of the fairy tale the deepest, as opposed to the naivety of its purpose. The affirmation of the victory of good over evil, order over chaos determines the meaning of the life cycle of living things. The meaning of life is difficult to express in words; it can be felt in oneself or not, and then it is very simple.
Thus, the wisdom and value of a fairy tale is that it reflects, reveals and allows one to experience the meaning of the most important universal human values and the meaning of life in general. From the point of view of everyday meaning, the fairy tale is naive, from the point of view of life meaning, it is deep and inexhaustible.
This study focuses on the psychological mechanism of meaning sacrifice in the process of perception and experience of a fairy tale by a child. There is no consensus among experts on this matter. V.A. Bakhtin argues that a child can only be interested in an external narrative associated with the hero - joy, experience, fear. But this very possibility of empathy when confronted with the conventional world of a fairy tale occurs because a fairy tale conveys the most incredible events as if they were constantly taking place in reality. And the child willingly believes the fairy tale and trustingly follows it. But with such empathy, a more in-depth comprehension of the fairy tale is inevitable, extracting one’s childhood wisdom from it, which contributes to a clear emotional difference between the good and evil principles Andrianov M.A. Philosophy for children in fairy tales and stories A guide to raising children in the family and at school. M.: Sovrem. word. 2003. 136 p..
The mechanism of meaning cognition in the process of perception and experience of a fairy tale by a child is studied by A.V. Zaporozhets. He wrote about the existence of a special type of emotional cognition, in which a person reflects reality in the form of emotional images. In children, the generation of images of this emotional cognition often occurs in the process of perceiving a work of art. Under the influence of listening, the child develops sympathy for the hero and develops an emotional image of perceived events and relationships. Under certain conditions, children's emotional images begin to anticipate what is about to happen to the hero.
The emotion of the image reflects internal changes occurring in the depths of the essential characteristics of a person. In the child’s consciousness, the external picture of the situation reflected in the fairy tale is combined with the picture of the excitement that this situation causes in the child. Empathy for the hero of a fairy tale first develops as an external, detailed reality of participation in directly perceived and experienced events. Only then does it move to the internal plane - the plane of emotional imagination. In the formation of a premonition of the results of the actions of another person and emotional anticipation of the consequences of one’s own actions, images of verbal description and visual representation of events are of great importance, as if modeling their meaning for the child himself and people close to him. These expressive means have a social origin Propp V. Ya. Mythology of fairy tales. Historical roots of fairy tales. (Collected works of V. Ya. Propp). - M., 2000. p. - 121. .
Thus, for a child, a fairy tale is not just a fantasy, but a special reality that helps to establish for oneself a world of human feelings, relationships, the most important moral categories, and, subsequently, a world of life meanings. A fairy tale takes a child beyond the boundaries of everyday life and helps to bridge the distance between everyday and life meanings.
The process of a child’s independent comprehension of a fairy tale leaves him at the level of everyday meaning and does not tell his true moral essence. Obviously, a child cannot complete this work without the help of adults. Intellectualization of emotions occurs in the process of cognitive effective activity to interpret life meanings reflected in a fairy tale. This process is not discovered by the child, but is formed along the path of social inheritance.
Immense oral folk art. It has been created for centuries, there are many varieties of it. Translated from English, “folklore” is “folk meaning, wisdom.” That is, oral folk art is everything that is created by the spiritual culture of the population over the centuries of its historical life.
Features of Russian folklore
If you carefully read the works of Russian folklore, you will notice that it actually reflects a lot: the play of the imagination of the people, the history of the country, laughter, and serious thoughts about human life. Listening to the songs and tales of their ancestors, people thought about many difficult issues of their family, social and work life, thought about how to fight for happiness, improve their lives, what a person should be, what should be ridiculed and condemned.
Varieties of folklore
Varieties of folklore include fairy tales, epics, songs, proverbs, riddles, calendar refrains, magnification, sayings - everything that was repeated passed from generation to generation. At the same time, the performers often introduced something of their own into the text they liked, changing individual details, images, expressions, imperceptibly improving and honing the work.
Oral folk art for the most part exists in a poetic (verse) form, since it was this that made it possible to memorize and pass on these works from mouth to mouth for centuries.
Songs
A song is a special verbal and musical genre. It is a small lyrical-narrative or lyrical work that was created specifically for singing. Their types are as follows: lyrical, dance, ritual, historical. Folk songs express the feelings of one person, but at the same time of many people. They reflected love experiences, events of social and family life, reflections on difficult fate. In folk songs, the so-called technique of parallelism is often used, when the mood of a given lyrical character is transferred to nature.
Historical songs are dedicated to various famous personalities and events: the conquest of Siberia by Ermak, the uprising of Stepan Razin, the peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev, the battle of Poltava with the Swedes, etc. The narration in historical folk songs about some events is combined with the emotional sound of these works.
Epics
The term "epic" was introduced by I.P. Sakharov in the 19th century. It represents oral folk art in the form of a song of a heroic, epic nature. The epic arose in the 9th century; it was an expression of the historical consciousness of the people of our country. Bogatyrs are the main characters of this type of folklore. They embody the people's ideal of courage, strength, and patriotism. Examples of heroes who were depicted in works of oral folk art: Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets, Mikula Selyaninovich, Alyosha Popovich, as well as the merchant Sadko, the giant Svyatogor, Vasily Buslaev and others. The basis of life, at the same time enriched with some fantastic fiction, constitutes the plot of these works. In them, heroes single-handedly defeat entire hordes of enemies, fight monsters, and instantly overcome vast distances. This oral folk art is very interesting.
Fairy tales
Epics must be distinguished from fairy tales. These works of oral folk art are based on invented events. Fairy tales can be magical (in which fantastic forces are involved), as well as everyday ones, where people are depicted - soldiers, peasants, kings, workers, princesses and princes - in everyday settings. This type of folklore differs from other works in its optimistic plot: in it, good always triumphs over evil, and the latter either suffers defeat or is ridiculed.
Legends
We continue to describe the genres of oral folk art. A legend, unlike a fairy tale, is a folk oral story. Its basis is an incredible event, a fantastic image, a miracle, which is perceived by the listener or storyteller as reliable. There are legends about the origin of peoples, countries, seas, about the sufferings and exploits of fictional or real-life heroes.
Puzzles
Oral folk art is represented by many riddles. They are an allegorical image of a certain object, usually based on a metaphorical rapprochement with it. The riddles are very small in volume and have a certain rhythmic structure, often emphasized by the presence of rhyme. They are created in order to develop intelligence and ingenuity. The riddles are varied in content and theme. There may be several versions of them about the same phenomenon, animal, object, each of which characterizes it from a certain aspect.
Proverbs and sayings
Genres of oral folk art also include sayings and proverbs. A proverb is a rhythmically organized, short, figurative saying, an aphoristic folk saying. It usually has a two-part structure, which is supported by rhyme, rhythm, alliteration and assonance.
A proverb is a figurative expression that evaluates some phenomenon of life. It, unlike a proverb, is not a whole sentence, but only a part of a statement included in oral folk art.
Proverbs, sayings and riddles are included in the so-called small genres of folklore. What is it? In addition to the above types, these include other oral folk art. The types of small genres are complemented by the following: lullabies, nurseries, nursery rhymes, jokes, game choruses, chants, sentences, riddles. Let's take a closer look at each of them.
Lullabies
Small genres of oral folk art include lullabies. People call them bikes. This name comes from the verb "bait" ("bayat") - "to speak." This word has the following ancient meaning: “to speak, to whisper.” It is no coincidence that lullabies received this name: the oldest of them are directly related to spell poetry. Struggling with sleep, for example, the peasants said: “Dreamushka, get away from me.”
Pestushki and nursery rhymes
Russian oral folk art is also represented by pestushki and nursery rhymes. At their center is the image of a growing child. The name “pestushki” comes from the word “to nurture”, that is, “to follow someone, raise, nurse, carry in one’s arms, educate.” They are short sentences with which in the first months of a baby’s life they comment on his movements.
Imperceptibly, the pestles turn into nursery rhymes - songs that accompany the baby's games with his toes and hands. This oral folk art is very diverse. Examples of nursery rhymes: “Magpie”, “Ladushki”. They often already contain a “lesson”, an instruction. For example, in “Soroka” the white-sided woman fed everyone porridge, except for one lazy person, although he was the smallest one (his little finger corresponds to him).
Jokes
In the first years of children's lives, nannies and mothers sang songs of more complex content to them, not related to play. All of them can be designated by the single term “jokes.” Their content is reminiscent of short fairy tales in verse. For example, about a cockerel - a golden comb, flying to the Kulikovo field for oats; about the rowan hen, which “winnowed peas” and “sowed millet.”
A joke, as a rule, gives a picture of some bright event, or it depicts some rapid action that corresponds to the active nature of the baby. They are characterized by a plot, but the child is not capable of long-term attention, so they are limited to only one episode.
Sentences, calls
We continue to consider oral folk art. Its types are complemented by slogans and sentences. Children on the street very early learn from their peers a variety of calls, which represent an appeal to birds, rain, rainbows, and the sun. Children, on occasion, shout out words in chorus. In addition to nicknames, in a peasant family any child knew the sentences. They are most often pronounced one by one. Sentences - appeal to a mouse, small bugs, a snail. This may be imitation of various bird voices. Verbal sentences and song chants are filled with faith in the powers of water, sky, earth (sometimes beneficial, sometimes destructive). Their utterance introduced adult peasant children to the work and life. Sentences and chants are combined into a special section called “calendar children's folklore”. This term emphasizes the existing connection between them and the time of year, holiday, weather, the whole way of life and the way of life of the village.
Game sentences and refrains
Genres of oral folk art include playful sentences and refrains. They are no less ancient than calls and sentences. They either connect parts of a game or start it. They can also serve as endings and determine the consequences that exist when conditions are violated.
The games are striking in their resemblance to serious peasant activities: reaping, hunting, sowing flax. Reproducing these cases in strict sequence with the help of repeated repetition made it possible to instill in the child from an early age respect for customs and the existing order, to teach the rules of behavior accepted in society. The names of the games - "Bear in the Forest", "Wolf and Geese", "Kite", "Wolf and Sheep" - speak of a connection with the life and way of life of the rural population.
Conclusion
Folk epics, fairy tales, legends, and songs contain no less exciting colorful images than in the works of art of classical authors. Original and surprisingly accurate rhymes and sounds, bizarre, beautiful poetic rhythms - like lace are woven into the texts of ditties, nursery rhymes, jokes, riddles. And what vivid poetic comparisons we can find in lyrical songs! All this could have been created only by the people - the great master of words.
Educational areas:
1. “Cognition”;
2. "Communication";
3. “Physical culture”;
4. “Health”;
5. "Socialization" .
Topic: Oral folk art: fairy tales.
GCD tasks:
Educational: clarify and enrich children's knowledge about Russian folk tales: remember the names of fairy tales, heroes of fairy tales (P); learn to recognize a fairy tale by assignment (P); teach to convey the structure of a fairy tale using modeling (P); remember the order of appearance of heroes in fairy tales (P);
Educational: develop the ability to act in concert (WITH); develop children's speech as a means of communication (TO); develop logical thinking, memory, fine motor skills (3);
Educational: cultivate an interest in reading, a love of oral folk art (WITH); develop skills of cooperation and initiative (WITH); cultivate emotional feelings (WITH); relieving muscle and nervous tension (FC).
Implementation of children's activities in educational activities:
Cognitive and research;
Motor;
Gaming;
Communicative;
Productive;
Musical and artistic;
Planned results of the level of integrative qualities:
Shows interest in participating in physical activities;
Shows interest in research activities;
Capable of collecting cut pictures;
Has the skills of organized behavior;
Can participate in a conversation, expresses his point of view, agreement or disagreement with a friend’s answer;
Shows curiosity;
Emotionally responsive;
Able to retain a simple condition in memory when performing any action.
Material and equipment: letter from brownie Kuzi; fairy door; 3 keys; basket; drawings depicting things of fairy-tale characters (Firebird feather, glass slipper, towel, soap, tooth powder, brush, medical chest, golden key, bow and arrow, stove, honey pot, accordion); puzzles with plots fairy tales (“Frog the Traveler”, “Twelve Months”, “Sister Alyonushka and Brother Ivanushka”, “Puss in Boots”, “Bubble, Straw and Bast Shot”); table theater based on the fairy tale “Teremok”; seven-flowered flower (puzzles); medals; chest; masks for dramatizing the fairy tale “Turnip” (grandfather, grandmother, granddaughter, dog, cat, mouse), flannelograph.
Preliminary work: h shadowing Russian folk tales, memorizing nursery rhymes, folk games, showing fairy tales on a flannelgraph, talking about friendship and mutual assistance.
Methodology:
I. Introductory speech by the teacher.
II. Surprise moment.
III. Travel through fairy tales
1.1. Making a key;
2.1. "Magic Basket";
3.1. “Assemble a fairy tale from puzzles.”
Fizminutka
4.1. "Fairytale Lotto";
5.1. “Find a place for a fairy-tale hero”;
6.1. “Finish the fairy tale”;
7.1. "Fairytale riddles";
8.1. Gifts from brownie Kuzi.
IV. Summarizing
1.1. Reflection;
2.1. Reading a poem.
I. Opening speech by the teacher
Invented by someone simply and wisely
When you meet, say hello - good morning!
Good morning to the sun and birds,
Good morning to smiling faces!
Let's smile at each other and give everyone a good mood.
Guys, today we have not an ordinary lesson, but a fabulous one! And guests came to us to watch your active work and behavior. Say hello to them and give them your smiles too!
The children were really looking forward to the fairy tale.
The children invited the children to visit the fairy tale!
The fairy tale is already here, friends,
The fairy tale has come here again!
II. Surprise moment
(Knock on the door). Guys, a letter has arrived. I'll read it to you now:
"Dear Guys! I am Kuzya's little brownie! I live in your kindergarten and guard it at night. And during the day I really like listening to you sing good songs and listen to fairy tales!
So I decided to give you a gift.
My gift lies at the bottom
In my magic chest
It will help you open the chest, children,
A magical seven-flowered flower.
Whoever guesses the riddles gets a gift!
But, before you find this magical chest, I suggest you complete several tasks that I have prepared for you in the world of fairy tales.”
Guys, well, do you want to find the gifts that little brownie Kuzya has prepared for us? Then go on a journey through fairy tales.
III. Travel through fairy tales
3.1. Making a key
There are many fairy tales in the world,
Children love fairy tales very much
Everyone wants to visit them
And play a little.
Before us is a door to a fairy tale,
Open it quickly.
To open the door, we need a key. Let's find him among the others.
How did you decide that this key could be used to open the fairy door? (Children's answers.)
We open the door to a fairy tale,
We find ourselves in a magical world!
3.2. "Magic Basket"
Look, guys, a basket and some other note. Let's read it.
“In front of you is a basket containing fabulous things. They belong to the heroes of various fairy tales. You know these heroes well. Guess which fairy tales these objects are from.”
(Feather Heat - birds - "Sivka-burka", glass slipper - "Cinderella", towel, soap, tooth powder, brush – "Moidodyr" medical chest - "Dr. Aibolit", Golden Key - "The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio" bow and arrow - "Princess Frog", stove - "By magic", pot of honey - "Winnie the Pooh", accordion – "Cheburashka".)
What are your favorite fairy tales? (Children's answers.)
3.3. “Assemble a fairy tale from puzzles” (Annex 1)
Look, guys, one more task and a note.
“Koschei was visiting yesterday,
What she bestowed, simply - ah!
I mixed up all the pictures
He confused all my fairy tales,
Puzzles you must collect,
Name children's fairy tales."
(“Bubble, Straw and Bast Shot”, “Frog Traveler”, “Sister Alyonushka and Brother Ivanushka”, “Puss in Boots”, “Twelve Months”.)
Well done, you managed to put it together! Koshchei's tricks have been overcome!
Fizminutka
Now stand in a circle,
Play together!
We are stomping with our feet,
We clap our hands, clap,
We are the eyes of a moment - a moment,
We shoulders chick-chick,
One - there, two - here,
Turn around yourself.
Once - they sat down, twice - they stood up,
They sat down, stood up,
Everyone raised their hands up,
And then they started galloping,
Like my funny ball.
One, two, one, two,
The game is over!
They managed to do everything quickly and sat down quietly.
3.4. "Fairytale Lotto"
The next task that little brownie Kuzya has prepared for you is called “Fairytale Lotto”. I will tell you the first word of the title of the fairy tale, and you guess its full name.
Swan geese)
Koschei the Deathless)
The Little Humpbacked Horse)
The Scarlet Flower)
The Bremen Town Musicians)
Zayushkina... (hut)
Ugly duck)
Golden... (cockerel, key)
Boy... (from a finger)
Tiny - ... (havroshechka)
Fedorino... (grief)
Snow White and... (7 dwarves)
3.5. “Find a place for a fairy-tale hero”
Let's move on to the next task.
Now you will play fairy tales,
You will remember fairy tales.
Look at the turnip
And you will help yourself.
You need to get a turnip,
Who should stand behind whom, where?
(Distribution of roles. Dramatization of the fairy tale “Turnip”.)
(Grandfather, grandmother, granddaughter, Bug, cat, mouse).
This is the fairy tale "Teremok"
He is not low, not high,
And it is waiting for its tenants.
Who will come here for whom?
(Mouse-norushka, frog-croak, bunny-runner, fox-sister, spinning top - gray barrel, clumsy bear.)
3.6. "Finish the fairy tale"
Now you sit down
And look carefully
So as not to miss words
And it’s true to put together a fairy tale.
Once upon a time in a dense forest
A house grew up under... (bush)
Very happy little mouse
And green … (frog)
Glad and a runner -
Long-Eared ... (bunny)
It's okay that he's short
Fur house -
And the boar got there,
And the fox and... (bear)
There was enough space for everyone -
This is how wonderful... (house)
“Ding-la-la!” - the titmouse sings.
Masha is sitting in a box,
She's far away... (looks)
Who carries it, answer
Quick steps?
And he carries her … (bear)
Along with pies.
The path is not close
Long way,
The bear wants... (relax)
In that fairy tale... ("The Fox and the Geese")
3.7. "Fairytale riddles" (Appendix 2)
Well, we’ve reached the seven-flowered flower. If we solve all the riddles, we can open the chest and get gifts.
In this fairy tale there is a name day,
There were many guests there
But on these name days
Suddenly a villain appeared.
He wanted to kill the owner
Almost killed her
But to the insidious villain
Someone cut off his head . ("Fly Tsokotukha")
Near the forest on the edge
Three of them live in a hut.
There are three chairs and three spoons,
Three beds, three pillows.
Guess without a hint
Who are the heroes of this fairy tale? ("Three Bears")
The girl is sleeping and doesn’t know yet
What awaits her in this fairy tale:
The toad will steal it in the morning,
The unscrupulous mole will hide in the hole,
Anyway, that's enough.
Do you need a hint?
Who is that girl?
And what kind of fairy tale is this? ("Thumbelina")
This friend has simple items:
He lives on the roof
And he loves candy.
Quietly buzzing like a cheerful propeller,
He often flies into Baby's window. (“Carlson, who lives on the roof”)
Oink-oink-oink - what three brothers,
They are no longer afraid of the wolf,
Because the beast is predatory
It will not destroy a brick house. ("Three piglets")
What kind of girl is this?
How does a snowflake melt in the sky? ("Snow Maiden")
This girl is small
But she went into the forest with the basket.
She brought pies to the old lady,
Living in a hut!
To the wolf she meets
Shouldn't trust
But, however, I blabbed, -
She got it from the gray one! ("Little Red Riding Hood")
3.8. Gifts from brownie Kuzi (medals) (Appendix 3)
So we got to the magic chest. Let's quickly open it and see what gifts little brownie Kuzya has prepared for us.
Thank you brownie for the gifts!
IV. Summarizing
4.1. Reflection
Did you guys enjoy the trip? What about gifts? So that our little brownie doesn’t get offended by us, we should also send him gifts, right? Now each of you will think about what you can give him. But first, say goodbye to our guests.
What do fairy tales teach? (Goodness, camaraderie, being hardworking, brave, helping in trouble, etc.)
What fairy tales did we talk about today?
4.2. Reading a poem
Everyone is friends with fairy tales,
And fairy tales are friends with everyone
They are necessary
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Russian folk tales
Ivan Tsarevich and the Grey Wolf
Once upon a time there lived a Tsar Berendey, he had three sons, the youngest was called Ivan. And the king had a magnificent garden; There grew in that garden an apple tree with golden apples.
Someone began to visit the royal garden and steal golden apples. The king felt sorry for his garden. He sends guards there. No guards can track the thief.
The king stopped drinking and eating - he became sad. The father's sons console:
“Our dear father, don’t be sad, we ourselves will guard the garden.”
The eldest son says:
“Today it’s my turn, I’ll go guard the garden from the kidnapper.”
The eldest son went. No matter how much he walked in the evening, he didn’t track anyone, he fell down on the soft grass and fell asleep.
In the morning the king asks him:
“Come on, won’t you make me happy: have you seen the kidnapper?”
- No, dear father, I didn’t sleep all night, I didn’t close my eyes, and I didn’t see anyone.
The next night the middle son went on guard and also slept all night, and the next morning he said that he had not seen the kidnapper.
The time has come to go and guard my younger brother. Ivan Tsarevich went to guard his fathers’ garden and was afraid to even sit down, let alone lie down. As soon as sleep overcomes him, he will wash the dew from the grass, sleep and away from his eyes.
Half the night has passed, and it seems to him that there is light in the garden. Lighter and lighter. The whole garden lit up. He sees the Firebird sitting on an apple tree and pecking at golden apples.
Ivan Tsarevich quietly crawled to the apple tree and caught the bird by the tail.
The firebird perked up and flew away, leaving only one feather from its tail in his hand.
The next morning Ivan Tsarevich comes to his father.
- Well, my dear Vanya, have you seen the kidnapper?
- Dear father, I didn’t catch him, but I traced who was ruining our garden. I brought you this memory from the kidnapper. This, father, is the Firebird.
The king took this feather and from that time began to drink and eat and not know sadness.
So one fine time he thought about this Firebird.
He called his sons and said to them:
- My dear children, if only you could saddle good horses, travel around the world, get to know places, and not attack the Firebird somewhere.
The children bowed to their father, saddled the good horses and set off on their journey: the eldest in one direction, the middle one in the other, and Ivan Tsarevich in the third direction.
Ivan Tsarevich rode for a long time or a short time. It was a summer day. Ivan Tsarevich got tired, got off his horse, confused him, and fell to sleep.
How much or how much time has passed, Ivan Tsarevich woke up and saw that the horse was gone. I went to look for him, walked and walked and found my horse - only gnawed bones.
Ivan Tsarevich became sad: where to go so far without a horse? “Well,” he thinks, “he’s taken it - there’s nothing to do.”
And he went on foot. He walked and walked, tired to death. He sat down on the soft grass and sat sadly.
Out of nowhere a gray wolf runs towards him:
- What, Ivan Tsarevich, are you sitting there sad and hanging your head?
- How can I not be sad, gray wolf? I was left without a good horse.
- It was I, Ivan Tsarevich, who ate your horse... I feel sorry for you! Tell me why you went into the distance, where are you going?
“My father sent me to travel around the world to find the Firebird.
- Fu, fu, you won’t be able to reach the Firebird on your good horse at three years old. I'm the only one who knows where she lives. So be it - I ate your horse, I will serve you faithfully. Sit on me and hold on tight.
Ivan Tsarevich sat astride him, a gray wolf, and galloped off - letting the blue forests pass his eyes, sweeping the lakes with his tail.
How long or short does it take them to reach the high fortress? The gray wolf says:
“Listen to me, Ivan Tsarevich, remember: climb over the wall, don’t be afraid - it’s a good time, all the watchmen are sleeping.” You will see a window in the mansion, on the window there is a golden cage, and in the cage sits the Firebird. Take the bird, put it in your bosom, but be careful not to touch the cage!
Ivan Tsarevich climbed over the wall and saw this tower - there was a golden cage on the window, and the Firebird was sitting in the cage. He took the bird, put it in his bosom, and looked at the cage. His heart flared up: “Oh, how golden, precious! How can you not take one like this!” And he forgot that the wolf was punishing him.
As soon as he touched the cage, a sound went through the fortress: trumpets blew, drums beat, the guards woke up, grabbed Ivan Tsarevich and led him to Tsar Afron.
King Afron became angry and asked:
- Whose are you, where are you from?
- I am the son of Tsar Berendey, Ivan Tsarevich.
- Oh, what a shame! The king's son went to steal.
- So, when your bird was flying, it was ruining our garden?
“If you had come to me and asked in good conscience, I would have given it away, out of respect for your parent, Tsar Berendey.” And now I’ll spread a bad reputation about you throughout all the cities... Well, okay, if you do me a service, I’ll forgive you. In such and such a kingdom, King Kusman has a golden-maned horse. Bring him to me, then I’ll give you the Firebird with the cage.
Ivan Tsarevich became sad and went to the gray wolf. And the wolf to him:
“I told you: don’t move the cage!” Why didn't you listen to my order?
- Well, forgive me, forgive me, gray wolf.
- That's it, sorry... Okay, sit on me. I picked up the tug, don’t say it’s not strong.
Again the gray wolf galloped with Ivan Tsarevich.
How long or short does it take them to reach the fortress where the golden-maned horse stands?
- Climb over the wall, Ivan Tsarevich, the watchmen are sleeping, go to the stable, take the horse, but be careful not to touch the bridle.
Ivan Tsarevich climbed into the fortress, where all the watchmen were sleeping, went into the stable, caught a golden-maned horse, and coveted the bridle - it was decorated with gold and expensive stones; The golden-maned horse can only walk in it.
Ivan Tsarevich touched the bridle, a sound spread throughout the fortress: trumpets sounded, drums beat, the guards woke up, grabbed Ivan Tsarevich and led him to Tsar Kusman.
- Whose are you, where are you from?
- I am Ivan Tsarevich.
- Eka, what nonsense did you take on - stealing a horse! Even a simple man would not agree to this. Well, okay, I’ll forgive you, Ivan Tsarevich, if you do me a service. The king of Dalmatia has a daughter, Elena the Beautiful. Kidnap her, bring her to me, I will give you a golden-maned horse with a bridle.
Ivan Tsarevich became even more sad and went to the gray wolf.
“I told you, Ivan Tsarevich: don’t touch the bridle!” You didn't listen to my order.
- Well, forgive me, forgive me, gray wolf.
- That's it, sorry... Okay, sit on my back.
Again the gray wolf galloped with Ivan Tsarevich. They reach the king of Dalmatia. In his fortress, in the garden, Elena the Beautiful is walking with her mothers and nannies. Gray Wolf says:
“This time I won’t let you in, I’ll go myself.” And you go back on your way, I’ll catch up with you soon.
Ivan Tsarevich went back the way, and the gray wolf jumped over the wall - and into the garden. He sat down behind a bush and looked. Elena the Beautiful came out with her mothers and nannies. She walked and walked and just fell behind her mothers and nannies, the gray wolf grabbed Elena the Beautiful, threw her over her back, and ran away.
Ivan Tsarevich is walking along the road, suddenly a gray wolf overtakes him, Elena the Beautiful is sitting on him. Ivan Tsarevich was delighted, and the gray wolf said to him:
- Get on me quickly, as if we are not being chased.
So the gray wolf rushed with Ivan Tsarevich, with Elena the Beautiful, on the way back - he missed the blue forests past his eyes, sweeping rivers and lakes with his tail.
How long or short does it take them to reach King Kusman? Gray wolf asks:
- What, Ivan Tsarevich became silent and sad?
- How can I, gray wolf, not be sad? How can I part with such beauty! How will I exchange Elena the Beautiful for a horse?
The gray wolf answers:
“I won’t separate you from such beauty - we’ll hide it somewhere, and I’ll turn into Helen the Beautiful, and you lead me to the king.”
Here they hid Elena the Beautiful in a forest hut. The gray wolf turned over his head and became exactly like Elena the Beautiful. Ivan Tsarevich took him to Tsar Kusman.
The king was delighted and began to thank him:
- Thank you, Ivan Tsarevich, for getting me a bride. Get a golden-maned horse with a bridle.
Ivan Tsarevich mounted this horse and rode after Elena the Beautiful. He took her, put her on a horse, and they rode on their way.
And Tsar Kusman arranged a wedding, feasted all day until the evening, and when he had to go to bed, he took Elena the Beautiful into the bedroom, but just lay down on the bed with her, and looked - a wolf’s face instead of a young wife!
The king fell out of bed in fear, and the wolf ran away.
The gray wolf catches up with Ivan Tsarevich and asks:
- What are you thinking about, Ivan Tsarevich?
- How can I not think? It is a pity to part with such a treasure - a golden-maned horse, to exchange it for the Firebird.
– Don’t be sad, I’ll help you.
Now they reach King Afron. The wolf says:
- You hide this horse and Helen the Beautiful, and I will turn into a horse with a golden mane, you lead me to King Afron.
They hid Helen the Beautiful and the golden-maned horse in the forest. The gray wolf threw himself over his back and turned into a golden-maned horse.
Ivan Tsarevich took him to Tsar Afron. The king was delighted and gave him the Firebird with the golden cage.
Ivan Tsarevich returned on foot to the forest, put Elena the Beautiful on a golden-maned horse, took the golden cage with the Firebird and rode along the path to his native side.
And King Afron ordered a gift horse to be brought to him and just wanted to mount it - the horse turned into a gray wolf. The Tsar, out of fear, fell where he stood, and the gray wolf took off running and soon caught up with Ivan Tsarevich.
Ivan Tsarevich dismounted from his horse and bowed to the ground three times, respectfully thanking the gray wolf. And he says:
“Don’t say goodbye to me forever, I’ll still be useful to you.”
Ivan Tsarevich thinks: “Where else will you be useful? All my wishes are fulfilled." He sat on the golden-maned horse, and again he and Elena the Beautiful, with the Firebird, rode off.
He reached his homeland and decided to take a break. He had some bread with him. Well, they ate, drank spring water and lay down to rest.
As soon as Ivan Tsarevich fell asleep, his brothers ran into him. They traveled to other lands, looked for the Firebird, and returned empty-handed.
They arrived and saw that everything had been obtained from Ivan Tsarevich. So they agreed:
- Let's kill our brother, all the spoils will be ours.
They made up their minds and killed Ivan Tsarevich. They sat on a golden-maned horse, took the Firebird, put Elena the Beautiful on the horse and frightened her:
– Don’t say anything at home!
Ivan Tsarevich lies dead, crows are already flying over him. Out of nowhere, a gray wolf came running and grabbed the raven and the crow.
- You fly, raven, for living and dead water. Bring me some living and dead water, then I will release your crow.
The raven, having nothing to do, flew away, and the wolf held his crow.
Whether the raven flew for a long time or for a short time, he brought living and dead water. The gray wolf sprinkled dead water on Tsarevich Ivan's wounds - the wounds healed; sprinkled him with living water - Ivan Tsarevich came to life.
- Oh, I slept soundly!..
“You slept soundly,” says the gray wolf. “If it weren’t for me, I wouldn’t have woken up at all.” Your brothers killed you and took away all your loot. Hurry up and sit on me.
They galloped in pursuit and overtook both brothers. Then the gray wolf tore them to pieces and scattered the pieces across the field.
Ivan Tsarevich bowed to the gray wolf and said goodbye to him forever.
Ivan Tsarevich returned home on a golden-maned horse, brought the Firebird to his father, and his bride, Elena the Beautiful, to himself.
Tsar Berendey was delighted and began to ask his son. Ivan Tsarevich began to tell how the gray wolf helped him get his prey, and how his brothers killed him, sleepy, and how the gray wolf tore them to pieces.
Tsar Berendey grieved and was soon consoled. And Ivan Tsarevich married Elena the Beautiful, and they began to live and live without sorrow.
Go there - I don’t know where, bring that - I don’t know what
In a certain state there lived a king who was single and not married. He had a shooter in his service named Andrei.
Once Andrei the shooter went hunting. I walked and walked all day through the forest - no luck, I couldn’t attack any game. It was late in the evening, and when he goes back, he’s spinning. He sees a turtle dove sitting on a tree.
“Give me,” he thinks, “I’ll shoot at least this one.”
He shot and wounded her - the turtledove fell from the tree onto the damp ground. Andrei picked her up and wanted to twist her head and put it in her bag.
“Don’t destroy me, Andrei the shooter, don’t cut off my head, take me alive, bring me home, put me in the window.” Yes, look how drowsiness comes over me - then hit me with your right hand backhand: you will bring yourself great happiness.
Andrei the shooter was surprised: what is it? It looks like a bird, but speaks with a human voice. He brought the turtledove home, sat it on the window, and stood there waiting.
A little time passed, the turtledove put her head under her wing and dozed off. Andrei remembered what she was punishing him and hit her with his right hand. The turtledove fell to the ground and turned into a maiden, Marya the Princess, so beautiful that you couldn’t even imagine it, only say it in a fairy tale.
Princess Marya says to the shooter:
- You managed to take me, know how to hold me - with a leisurely feast and for the wedding. I will be your honest and cheerful wife.
That's how they got along. Andrei the shooter married Princess Marya and lives with his young wife, making fun of her. And he doesn’t forget the service: every morning, before dawn, he goes into the forest, shoots game and carries it to the royal kitchen.
They lived like this for a short time, Princess Marya says:
– You live poorly, Andrey!
- Yes, as you can see for yourself.
“Get a hundred rubles, buy various silks with this money, I’ll fix the whole thing.”
Andrei obeyed, went to his comrades, from whom he borrowed two rubles, bought various silks and brought them to his wife. Princess Marya took the silk and said:
- Go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening.
Andrei went to bed, and Princess Marya sat down to weave. All night long she weaved and weaved a carpet, the likes of which had never been seen in the whole world: the whole kingdom was painted on it, with cities and villages, with forests and fields, and birds in the sky, and animals on the mountains, and fish in the seas; the moon and the sun walk around...
The next morning, Princess Marya gives the carpet to her husband:
“Take it to the Gostiny Dvor, sell it to the merchants, and look, don’t ask for your price, and take whatever they give you.”
Andrei took the rug, hung it on his hand and walked along the living room rows.
One merchant runs up to him:
- Listen, sir, how much are you asking?
- You are a salesman, give me the price.
So the merchant thought and thought - he couldn’t appreciate the carpet. Another one jumped up, followed by another. A large crowd of merchants has gathered, they look at the carpet, marvel, but cannot appreciate it.
At that time, the tsar's adviser was passing by the rows, and he wanted to know what the merchants were talking about. He got out of the carriage, pushed his way through the great crowd and asked:
- Hello, merchants, overseas guests! What are you talking about?
– So and so, we can’t evaluate the carpet.
The royal adviser looked at the carpet and was amazed himself:
- Tell me, shooter, tell me the true truth: where did you get such a nice carpet?
- So and so, my wife embroidered.
- How much should I give you for it?
- I don’t know myself. My wife told me not to bargain: whatever they give is ours.
- Well, here's ten thousand for you, shooter.
Andrey took the money, gave the carpet and went home. And the royal adviser went to the king and showed him the carpet.
The king looked - his entire kingdom was on the carpet in full view. He gasped:
- Well, whatever you want, I won’t give you the carpet!
The king took out twenty thousand rubles and gave them to the adviser from hand to hand. The adviser took the money and thought: “Nothing, I’ll order another one for myself, even better.”
He got back into the carriage and rode off to the settlement. He found the hut where Andrei the shooter lives and knocks on the door; Marya the princess opens it for him.
The Tsar's advisor raised one leg over the threshold, but couldn't bear the other, fell silent and forgot about his business: standing in front of him was such a beauty, he couldn't take his eyes off her, he would keep looking and looking.
Princess Marya waited, waited for an answer, turned the royal adviser by the shoulders and closed the door. With difficulty he came to his senses and reluctantly trudged home. And from that time on, he wouldn’t stop eating, and he wouldn’t drink: he kept imagining himself as a rifleman’s wife.
The king noticed this and began to ask what kind of trouble he had.
The adviser says to the king:
- Oh, I saw one shooter’s wife, I keep thinking about her! And you can’t wash it down, you can’t eat it, you can’t bewitch it with any potion.
The king wanted to see the rifleman's wife himself. He dressed in a simple dress, went to the settlement, found the hut where Andrei the shooter lives, and knocks on the door.
Princess Marya opened the door for him. The king lifted one leg over the threshold, but couldn’t lift the other, he was completely numb: standing before him was an indescribable beauty.
Princess Marya waited, waited for an answer, turned the king by the shoulders and closed the door.
The king's heart was pinched. “Why,” he thinks, “am I walking around single, not married? I wish I could marry this beauty! She shouldn’t be a shooter; she was destined to be a queen.”
The king returned to the palace and conceived a bad thought - to beat his wife away from her living husband.
He calls the adviser and says:
- Think about how to kill Andrei the shooter. I want to marry his wife. If you figure it out, I’ll reward you with cities and villages and a golden treasury; if you don’t figure it out, I’ll take your head off your shoulders.
The tsar's adviser began to spin, went and hung his nose. He can’t figure out how to kill the shooter. Yes, out of grief, he turned into a tavern to drink some wine. A tavern young woman in a torn caftan runs up to him.
“What are you upset about, the Tsar’s advisor, and why are you hanging your nose?”
- Go away, you tavern bastard!
“Don’t drive me away, it’s better to bring me a glass of wine, I’ll bring you to mind.”
The royal adviser brought him a glass of wine and told him about his grief.
Tavern's tavern and says to him:
“It’s not a difficult task to get rid of Andrei the shooter - he himself is simple, but his wife is painfully cunning.” Well, we’ll make a riddle that she won’t be able to solve. Return to the Tsar and say: let him send Andrei the shooter to the next world to find out how the late Tsar-Father is doing. Andrey will leave and will not come back.
The Tsar's advisor thanked the tavern's terrebin - and ran to the Tsar.
- So and so, you can lime the arrow.
And he told where to send him and why. The king was delighted and ordered to call Andrei the shooter.
- Well, Andrei, you served me faithfully, do another service: go to the other world, find out how my father is doing. Otherwise, my sword is your head off your shoulders.
Andrei returned home, sat down on the bench and hung his head. Princess Marya asks him:
- Why are you sad? Or some kind of misfortune?
Andrei told her what kind of service the king assigned him.
Marya Princess says:
- There is something to grieve about! This is not a service, but a service, the service will be ahead. Go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening.
Early in the morning, as soon as Andrei woke up, Princess Marya gave him a bag of crackers and a gold ring.
“Go to the king and ask the king’s adviser to be your comrade, otherwise, tell him, they won’t believe you that you were in the next world.” And when you go out with a friend on a journey, throw a ring in front of you, it will get you there.
Andrei took a bag of crackers and a ring, said goodbye to his wife and went to the king to ask for a traveling companion.
There was nothing to be done, the king agreed, and ordered the adviser to go with Andrei to the next world.
So the two of them set out on the road. Andrey threw the ring - it rolled. Andrei follows him through clear fields, moss-swamps, rivers-lakes, and the royal adviser trails behind Andrei.
They get tired of walking, eat some crackers, and then hit the road again.
Whether close, whether far, soon, or shortly, they came to a dense, dense forest, descended into a deep ravine, and then the ring stopped.
Andrei and the royal adviser sat down to eat crackers. Lo and behold, past them on the old, old king, two devils were carrying firewood - a huge cart - and they were driving the king with clubs, one from the right side, the other from the left.
Andrey says:
- Look: is this our late Tsar-Father?
– You’re right, he’s the one carrying the firewood.
Andrey shouted to the devils:
- Hey, gentlemen, devils! Free this dead man for me, at least for a little while, I need to ask him something.
The devils answer:
- We have time to wait! Shall we carry the firewood ourselves?
– And you take a fresh person from me to replace you.
Well, the devils unharnessed the old king, in his place they harnessed the royal adviser to the cart and let him drive him with clubs from both sides - he bends, but he is lucky.
Andrei began to ask the old king about his life.
“Ah, Andrei the shooter,” the king answers, “my life in the next world is bad!” Bow down to my son and tell him that I firmly order him not to offend people, otherwise the same thing will happen to him.
As soon as they had time to talk, the devils were already heading back with an empty cart. Andrei said goodbye to the old king, took the royal adviser from the devils, and they went back.
They come to their kingdom, appear in the palace. The king saw the shooter and angrily attacked him:
- How dare you go back?
Andrey the shooter answers:
- So and so, I was in the next world with your late parent. He lives poorly, ordered you to bow and firmly punished you not to offend people.
- How can you prove that you went to the other world and saw my parent?
“And by this I will prove that your adviser still has signs on his back of how the devils drove him with clubs.”
Then the king was convinced that there was nothing to do - he let Andrei go home. And he himself says to the adviser:
- Think about how to kill the shooter, otherwise my sword will be your head off your shoulders.
The royal adviser went and hung his nose even lower. He goes into a tavern, sits down at the table, and asks for wine. The tavern's tavern runs up to him:
- What, the royal adviser, are you upset? Bring me a glass, I'll give you some ideas.
The adviser brought him a glass of wine and told him about his grief.
The tavern's tavern says to him:
- Go back and tell the king to give the shooter this service - not only to perform it, it’s difficult to even imagine: send him to distant lands, to the thirtieth kingdom to get the cat Bayun...
The Tsar's adviser ran to the Tsar and told him what service to give to the shooter so that he would not return back. The Tsar sends for Andrei.
- Well, Andrei, you have served me a service, serve me another: go to the thirtieth kingdom and get me the cat Bayun. Otherwise, my sword is your head off your shoulders.
Andrei went home, hung his head below his shoulders and told his wife what kind of service the king had assigned him.
- There is something to worry about! - Princess Marya says. - This is not a service, but a service, the service will be ahead. Go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening.
Andrei went to bed, and Princess Marya went to the forge and ordered the blacksmiths to forge three iron caps, iron tongs and three rods: one iron, another copper, the third tin.
Early in the morning, Princess Marya woke up Andrei.
- Here are three caps and pincers and three rods for you, go to distant lands, to the thirtieth kingdom. You won’t reach three miles, a strong sleep will begin to overcome you - the cat Bayun will let you fall asleep. Don’t sleep, throw your arm over your arm, drag your leg over your leg, and roll wherever you want. And if you fall asleep, the cat Bayun will kill you.
And then Princess Marya taught him how and what to do, and sent him on his way.
Soon the fairy tale is told, but not soon the deed is done - Andrei the shooter came to the thirtieth kingdom.
Three miles away, sleep began to overcome him. Andrei puts three iron caps on his head, throws his arm over his arm, drags his leg over his leg - he walks, and then rolls around like a roller.
Somehow I managed to doze off and found myself at a high pillar. The cat Bayun saw Andrei, grumbled, purred, and jumped from the post on his head - he broke one cap and broke the other, and was about to grab the third. Then Andrei the shooter grabbed the cat with pincers, dragged him to the ground and began stroking him with the rods. First, he whipped him with an iron rod, broke the iron rod, began to treat him with a copper rod - and he broke this one and began to beat him with a tin rod.
The tin rod bends, does not break, and wraps around the ridge. Andrei beats, and the cat Bayun began to tell fairy tales: about priests, about clerks, about priests’ daughters. Andrey doesn’t listen to him, but he’s harassing him with a rod.
The cat became unbearable, he saw that it was impossible to speak, and he prayed:
- Leave me, good man! Whatever you need, I will do everything for you.
-Will you come with me?
- I’ll go wherever you want.
Andrey went back and took the cat with him. He reached his kingdom, came with the cat to the palace and said to the king:
- So and so, I fulfilled my service and got you the cat Bayun.
The king was surprised and said:
- Come on, cat Bayun, show great passion.
Here the cat sharpens its claws, gets along with the king, wants to tear his white chest, take out his living heart.
The king was afraid:
- Andrei the shooter, please calm down the cat Bayun!
Andrei calmed the cat down and locked him in a cage, and he himself went home to Princess Marya. He lives and gets along, amuses himself with his young wife. And the king’s heart shivers even more. Again he called the adviser:
- Come up with whatever you want, harass Andrei the shooter, otherwise my sword will be your head off your shoulders.
The Tsar's adviser goes straight to the tavern, found a tavern tavern there in a torn caftan and asks him to help him out, to bring him to his senses. Tavern tereb drank a glass of wine and wiped his mustache.
“Go,” he says, “to the king and say: let him send Andrei the shooter there - I don’t know where, to bring something - I don’t know what.” Andrei will never complete this task and will not return back.
The adviser ran to the king and reported everything to him. The Tsar sends for Andrei.
“You have served me two services, serve me a third: go there - I don’t know where, bring that - I don’t know what.” If you serve, I will reward you royally, otherwise my sword will be your head off your shoulders.
Andrei came home, sat down on the bench and cried.
Princess Marya asks him:
- What, dear, are you sad? Or some other misfortune?
“Eh,” he says, “through your beauty I bring all the misfortunes!” The king told me to go there - I don’t know where, to bring something - I don’t know what!
- This is service! Well, never mind, go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening.
Princess Marya waited until nightfall, opened the magic book, read, read, threw the book and grabbed her head: the book said nothing about the Tsar’s riddle.
Princess Marya went out onto the porch, took out a handkerchief and waved. All sorts of birds flew in, all kinds of animals came running.
Princess Marya asks them:
- Beasts of the forest, birds of the sky, you animals prowl everywhere, you birds fly everywhere - haven’t you heard how to get there - I don’t know where, bring something - I don’t know what?
The animals and birds answered:
- No, Princess Marya, we haven’t heard about that.
Princess Marya waved her handkerchief - the animals and birds disappeared as if they had never been. She waved another time and two giants appeared in front of her:
- Anything? What do you need?
- My faithful servants, take me to the middle of the Ocean-Sea.
The giants picked up Princess Marya, carried her to the Ocean-Sea and stood in the middle, on the very abyss - they themselves stood like pillars, and they held her in their arms. Princess Marya waved her handkerchief, and all the reptiles and fish of the sea swam to her.
- You, reptiles and fish of the sea, you swim everywhere, you visit all the islands, haven’t you heard how to get there - I don’t know where, bring something - I don’t know what?
- No, Princess Marya, we haven’t heard about that.
Princess Marya began to spin and ordered to be carried home. The giants picked her up, brought her to Andreev's yard, and placed her at the porch.
Early in the morning, Princess Marya got Andrei ready for the journey and gave him a ball of thread and an embroidered fly.
“Throw the ball in front of you, and wherever it rolls, go there too.” Yes, look, wherever you come, you will wash your face, don’t wipe yourself with someone else’s fly, but wipe yourself with mine.
Andrei said goodbye to Princess Marya, bowed to four sides and went beyond the outpost. He threw the ball in front of him, the ball rolled - it rolls and rolls, Andrei follows behind it.
Soon the fairy tale is told, but not soon the deed is done. Andrei passed through many kingdoms and lands. The ball rolls, the thread stretches from it. It became a small ball, about the size of a chicken head; That's how small it has become, you can't even see it on the road. Andrei reached the forest and saw a hut standing on chicken legs.
The hut turned around, Andrei entered and saw a gray-haired old woman sitting on a bench, spinning a tow.
- Fu, fu, the Russian spirit has never been heard of, never seen, but today the Russian spirit itself has come! I’ll fry you in the oven, eat you and ride on your bones.
Andrey answers the old woman:
- Why are you, old Baba Yaga, going to eat a dear person! A dear person is bony and black, you heat the bathhouse first, wash me, steam me, then eat.
Baba Yaga heated the bathhouse. Andrei evaporated, washed himself, took out his wife’s fly and began to wipe himself with it.
Baba Yaga asks:
-Where did you get your fly from? My daughter embroidered it.
“Your daughter is my wife, and she gave me a fly.”
- Oh, beloved son-in-law, what should I treat you with?
Here Baba Yaga prepared dinner, set out all sorts of dishes, wines and honey. Andrey doesn’t boast – he sat down at the table and let’s gobble it up.
Baba Yaga sat down next to her. He eats, she asks: how did he marry Princess Marya and do they live well? Andrei told everything: how he got married and how the king sent him there - I don’t know where, to get something - I don’t know what.
- If only you could help me, grandma!
“Oh, son-in-law, even I have never heard of this wonderful thing.” One old frog knows about this, he lives in a swamp for three hundred years... Well, never mind, go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening.
Andrei went to bed, and Baba Yaga took two little heads, flew to the swamp and began to call:
- Grandma, the jumping frog, is she alive?
- Come out of the swamp to me.
An old frog came out of the swamp, Baba Yaga asked her:
- Do you know, somewhere - I don’t know what?
- Point it out, do me a favor. My son-in-law was given a service: to go there - I don’t know where, to take that - I don’t know what.
The frog answers:
“I would see him off, but I’m too old, I won’t be able to jump there.” If your son-in-law will carry me in fresh milk to the fiery river, then I will tell you.
Baba Yaga took the jumping frog, flew home, milked the milk in a pot, put the frog there and woke up Andrei early in the morning.
- Well, dear son-in-law, get dressed, take a pot of fresh milk, there is a frog in the milk, and get on my horse, he will take you to the fiery river. There, throw the horse and take the frog out of the pot, she will tell you.
Andrei got dressed, took the pot, and mounted Baba Yaga's horse. Whether long or short, the horse carried him to the fiery river. Neither an animal will jump over it, nor a bird will fly over it.
Andrey got off his horse, the frog said to him:
- Take me out of the pot, good fellow, we need to cross the river.
Andrey took the frog out of the pot and let it fall to the ground.
- Well, good fellow, now sit on my back.
- What are you, grandma, what a little tea, I’ll crush you.
– Don’t be afraid, you won’t run over him. Sit down and hold on tight.
Andrey sat on the jumping frog. She started to sulk.
She sulked and sulked - she became like a haystack.
-Are you holding on tight?
- Tightly, grandma.
Again the frog sulked and sulked - it became even larger, like a haystack.
-Are you holding on tight?
- Tightly, grandma.
Again she sulked and sulked - she became taller than the dark forest, but as soon as she jumped - she jumped over the fiery river, carried Andrei to the other bank and became small again.
- Go, good fellow, along this path, you will see a mansion, a hut, a barn, a barn, go there and stand behind the stove. There you will find something - I don’t know what.
Andrei walked along the path and saw: an old hut - not a hut, surrounded by a fence, without windows, without a porch. He went in there and hid behind the stove.
A little later it began to knock and thunder through the forest, and a little man as long as his fingernails, with a beard as long as his elbows, came into the hut and shouted:
- Hey, matchmaker Naum, I’m hungry!
As soon as he shouted, out of nowhere a table appears, set, on it is a keg of beer and a baked bull, with a sharpened knife in his side.
A man as long as a fingernail, with a beard as long as his elbows, sat down next to the bull, took out a sharpened knife, began cutting the meat, dipping it in garlic, eating it and praising it.
I processed the bull down to the last bone and drank a whole keg of beer.
- Hey, matchmaker Naum, take away the scraps!
Oral folk art is the verbal creativity of a people who do not write down their works, but are passed on orally (from mouth to mouth) from generation to generation. Oral folk art is also called in one word - folklore.
Folklore (English folk-lore - “folk wisdom”) is not only the oral verbal creativity of the people, but also musical.
In this article we will talk about oral folk art, which was created over many centuries.
By the way, oral folk art is studied in the 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 7th grades of school. However, if you love, then this will also certainly be interesting to you.
Features of Russian folklore
Over the course of a long time, many legends were created that were invented by people while thinking about certain problems.
From time immemorial, people have thought about what is good and what is bad; like , and .
Also, oral folk art comprehended the problem of comprehensiveness, trying to give important advice on how to become wise.
As a result of this, a lot of instructive tales, sayings and sayings appeared, helping a person get answers to a variety of questions that interest him.
Genres of oral folk art
The genres of folklore are epics, fairy tales, songs, proverbs, riddles and other things that we learned about from our ancestors.
Over time, many expressions changed, thanks to which the meaning of this or that saying became deeper and more instructive.
Often the works invented by the people rhymed and formed into poems and songs that were easily remembered. Thanks to this method, Russian folklore was passed on from mouth to mouth for many centuries.
Works of oral folk art
So, let's list the works of oral folk art in order to form a clear list of the available types of folklore.
- Epics
- Fairy tales
- Songs
- Proverbs and sayings
- Puzzles
- Legends
- Lullabies
- Pestushki and nursery rhymes
- Jokes
- Game sentences and refrains
These are the main types of works that are created not by one person, but directly by the whole people.
Stone at a fork in the road Oral folk art of Russia
Well, we will look at oral folk art, since we are interested in this particular topic. It must be said that other nations have very similar folklore genres.
Songs
Among the people, songs were one of the most popular ways of expression. Despite the fact that they were significantly inferior in volume to fairy tales and epics, people tried to put deep and meaningful meaning into them.
Thus, the songs reflected a person’s love experiences, thoughts about life and the future, social and family problems, and many other things.
It is worth noting that songs from oral folk art may differ in style and manner of performance. Songs can be lyrical, laudatory, dance, romantic, etc.
In oral folk art, the technique of parallelism is very often used, which helps to feel the nature of the mood of a particular character.
Historical songs were dedicated to various outstanding personalities or events.
It is worth noting that they originated in the 9th century. A striking example is the epics about heroes who possessed incredible strength, beauty, courage and bravery. The most famous Russian heroes were Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich.
As a rule, historical characters or events are described in epics in an embellished and even fantastic style.
Three heroes In them, national heroes can single-handedly destroy entire enemy troops, kill various monsters and cover long distances in the shortest possible time.
The heroes of epics never fear the enemy and are always ready to speak out in defense of their Motherland.
Fairy tales
Fairy tales play an important role in oral folk art. This genre contains elements of magic and wonderful heroism.
Often, completely different classes are presented in fairy tales: from kings to simple peasants. In them you can meet workers, soldiers, kings, princesses, jesters and many other characters.
However, a fairy tale is not just a fictional and beautifully composed story for children. With the help of fairy tales, people tried to raise children, laying deep morality in them.
As a rule, all fairy tales have a happy ending. In them, good always triumphs over evil, no matter how strong and powerful it may be.
Legends
In oral folk art, legends mean oral false stories about the facts reality. They colorfully depict the events of the past.
There are many legends about the origin of peoples, states, and the exploits of fictional heroes.
This genre was especially popular in Ancient Greece. Many myths have survived to this day telling about Odysseus, Theseus and other characters.
Puzzles
Riddles are metaphorical expressions in which one object is depicted with the help of another that has some similarity with it.
On this basis, a person needs to guess this or that object through reflection and ingenuity.
In fact, it is very difficult to imagine oral folk art without riddles, which were often presented in rhymed form. For example, known to all children: “Winter and summer - the same color.” Of course, you know that this is a Christmas tree.
Thanks to fairy tales, both children and adults can develop their logical thinking and intelligence. An interesting fact is that fairy tales often contain riddles that are usually successfully solved by the main character.
Proverbs and sayings
Proverbs and sayings play one of the key roles in oral folk art. A proverb is a short figurative saying with an instructive overtone, carrying some general idea or allegory with a didactic (educational) slant.
A proverb is a figurative saying that reflects some phenomenon of life. However, it is not a complete statement. Often sayings can be humorous in nature.
Proverbs and sayings are usually classified as small genres of oral folk art.
In addition to them, this genre can include jokes, lullabies, play sentences, riddles, pesters and nursery rhymes. Next, you can consider all these types of folklore in more detail.
Lullabies
In oral folk art, lullabies are often called tales, since the root of the word “bait” is “to tell.”
With their help, parents tried to lull their children who could not sleep. That is why various lullabies began to appear among the people, listening to which the child quickly fell asleep.
Pestushki and nursery rhymes
Pestushki and nursery rhymes in folklore were used to educate a growing child. Pestushki comes from the word “nurse”, that is, “nurse” or “educate.” Previously, they were actively used to comment on the movements of a newborn.
Gradually, the pestles turn into nursery rhymes - rhythmic songs sung while the child plays with his toes and hands. The most famous nursery rhymes in oral folk art are “Magpie-Crow” and “Ladushki”.
Interestingly, they also contain a certain morality. Thanks to this, from the first days of life, the baby learns to distinguish between good and evil, as well as the good or bad qualities of a person.
Jokes
When the kids grew up, so-called jokes began to be sung to them, which had a deeper content and were not associated with games.
In their structure, they resembled short fairy tales in verse. The most famous jokes are “Ryaba Hen” and “Cockerel – Golden Comb”.
Most often, jokes describe some bright event that corresponds to the active life of a child.
However, since it is difficult for kids to focus on one topic for a long time, jokes have a very short plot.
Game sentences and refrains
For a long time, game sentences and choruses have been very popular among the people. They were used during games. They talked about the possible consequences for violating the established rules.
Basically, sentences and refrains included various peasant activities: sowing, reaping, haymaking, fishing, etc. After their frequent repetition, children learned correct manners from an early age and acquired generally accepted rules of behavior.
Types of oral folk art
From all that has been said, we can conclude that oral folk art consists of many components. Briefly, to reinforce students of grades 2, 3, 5 and 7, let us recall its types:
- Epics
- Fairy tales
- Songs
- Proverbs and sayings
- Puzzles
- Legends
- Lullabies
- Pestushki and nursery rhymes
- Jokes
- Game sentences and refrains
Thanks to all this, the people were able to skillfully convey the deep thoughts and traditions of their ancestors in a short form, preserving good traditions and folk wisdom.
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