The owners of a country house often annoys the water formed from the melting of snow and precipitation. The only effective measure of protection against such an attack is the device of the storm sewering of a country house.
This is the more necessary if the mounting soils are solid, minimous for liquid loam. On such bases, water can hold on for a long time, preventing the implementation of economic and garden work.
To get rid of this phenomenon, it is necessary to create conditions for the compulsory removal of soil water from the country house.. For this purpose, we need to build waterbed devices.
Drain Canva
One of the simplest and affordable devices to remove water and from the site is a draining ditch. It is best to do it if the plot has a bias in one direction.
It breaks down to the depth below the ground freezing level. It is important throughout the length of keeping the bias towards the water flow. It must be up to 3-5 centimeters per meter length. Such a bias allows water to drain quite slowly, carrying out the soil particles, otherwise the rapid casing of the storm sewering of the country house may occur. See storm sewage in private house
At the bottom of the dame, approximately one third of the depth, placed a layer of wild stones or concrete scrap. Then you need to pour large gravel, sand and cover it all with geotextiles. It will avoid rapidly catching the sew channel. Ideally, the drain ditch is derived to the nearest well of the stormwater treatment.
In modern conditions, pipes from various materials are used as a drainage - steel or plastic. For greater strength, products with a corrugated wall are used for the second variant conductors. This design increases the radial strength of the product.
Drainage ditches of storm sewage canalization can also be open, which simplifies their operation.
They are the following types:
- perimetral - come off around the perimeter of the area, which must be protected from excess moisture;
- the main is essentially the main riverbed of the river, to which the tributaries in the form of additional effluents are converged.
Storm sewage in a private house - Methods of arrangement
The appointment of the Livnevka is the rapid tower of rain and melting water during the period of their greatest cluster. The most common scheme is the surface landing around the house consisting of open top trays.
The trays on top are closed with lattices to prevent clogging of drainage channels with leaves and other garbage.
But not always such a way justifies yourself. In some cases, it is desirable to preserve the soil layer, blocking drainage elements to a depth of about 40 centimeters. To do this, the ditch of depth of order of the half-meter is digging and covered with the top geotextile.
As a substrate on the bottom of the ditch fucking gravel, Then stacked the pipe. Gravel falls back on top of it. And here it is necessary to check one important point.
The fact is that for a swallowed and deep drainage, perforated pipes are used, and holes are drilled in their walls. The diameter of these holes should be less fractional sizes of gravel. In this case, the internal passage of the flow will always be free.
In the classic version of use, the gofrotrub is covered with gravel and turns into geotextiles with the adhesive edges. After that, the trench is filled with the previously extracted soil and is restored by the turf.
Storm sewage device in a private house
Above, we looked at the methods of the storm sewage device on the country site at the water collection level from the surface in the pipe. But this is not enough, it must be removed beyond the site.
For this, individual pipes are combined into the system, at the bottom of which the stock is satisfied. The drainage and storm sewage diagram on the site can be organized as follows:
- First of all, you need to organize a roof ravery, providing for this drain channels for which water flows down and falls into the drain receiver.
- In the waste cavity, the liquid comes through the ladders with a reliable lid in the idea of \u200b\u200bthe grid.
- Next, it is pipes (diameter 100 or 150 millimeters) enters a caudo well.
- As water accumulates, the water enters the tap tube, which is displayed in a special capacity with water or simply beyond the site. The preservation of rainwater in the underground capacity is applied locally, where water resources are limited. It can be used to be used again for economic needs, for example - by watering the household plot, car washing and other household needs.
This applies to the utilization of rain or melt water allotted from home. But often it is necessary to drain the site at the same time, which is characteristic of the excessive sleeves.
The drainage and storm sewage system on the site is a water supply network, the main property of which is the presence of sludge providing free fluid flow. Required design elements:
- Drainage perforated pipes. Depending on the total extension of the water supply, products from 100 to 150 millimeters are used, as well as any types of fittings that facilitate the installation of a drain system.
- Watching wells - They are installed at the points of change of the direction of the drain. Designed to control the status of pipes and eliminate blockages in them. This is performed using a hose with a tip of water supply under pressure. The obstruction of the barrier with the restoration of the free fluid flow is performed. Such wells are also called revision, they are equipped with metal or plastic covers protruding over the surface of the Earth. They are needed for preventive work on cleaning the storm sewering of a country house.
- Collector wells - Designed to maintain the system. Their diameter should ensure penetration inside. The depth of the device is somewhat more than that of the observations, water is defended in it. Therefore, it is necessary to produce a periodic cleaning of the well from precipitation using a mud pump.
- Filtering wells can also be used.intended for the separation of garbage available in storm drains. They are arranged at intermediate points of the complex rocky sewage sealing of a country house.
The mansion is pre-war drainage systems intended for the removal of groundwater from the foundation on highly flooded areas. The depth of such a device in any case should be greater than the depth of the foundation.
When performing work on a device of such a catchment, first of all, insulation and waterproofing of the foundation itself is performed. For this, various materials are used:
- Ruberoid and bitumen mastic for waterproofing.
- Polyfoam for insulation.
Then, on the bottom of the trench, the geotextile washed, the edges of the canvas wock upstairs. Then you need to squeeze the gravel of the corresponding fraction and the corresponding slopes are formed. On top of the pipes, a gravel layer is again poured, which is covered with geotextiles with overlapping edges.
If the country house is arranged on a plot with abundant underwater, the drenage of the basement plate is needed. It is installed before the fill of the foundation. In this case, the water collectors are installed in the horizontal plane and are connected to the perimeter circuit of the lavety.
Combined Drainage Systems of the Country House
It is logical that to build taps from various system branches for each contour is irrational. Therefore, the taps are arranged common, in one collector.
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The combination of individual drainage schemes is made in collector wells, while docking is allowed at any height of the collector, depending on the type of contour, which happens:- superficial, for storm sewage schemes around the country house;
- low-profile contours of the drainage system under the surface of the site at a depth to half a meter;
- depth drainage for groundwater removal at abundantly flooded areas of the country house.
Any of these species can be combined into a common system with a common drive.
Storm sewage in a private house do it yourself
Before proceeding with the purchase of materials for the drainage system, you should make sure of its need. It is important to find out the level of the underwater waters in the peak period of their accumulation.
This can be done in the spring, immediately after the resurrection of snow, and during the autumn rains. To find out, exploration drilling to the water to a depth of up to three or four meters.
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The presence or absence of close-up water is determined by the water content of the soil from the shurts. According to the results of the study of the samples, a decision is made on the need for a deep drainage for a country house.An important indicator is the water level in the nearest water intakes - wells or wells.
Deciding with the need for the device of the drainage system, it is desirable to perform a geospa of the site to determine the slopes on it, and consequently the direction of flow.
This is especially important for low-booty and deep contours. Surface tray systems for a country house can be performed by the construction level.
Design of the Drainage System of the Country House
This is the most important stage of the creation of the drain from the site. It allows you to reliably calculate the magnitude and composition of material costs for the acquisition of components:
- Types, quantities and sizes of pipes for drainage.
- The need for connecting details - fittings.
- Types of drainage channels in the magnitude of their gluke.
- The number and type of trays for surface lavety.
- Capacity accumulative capacity.
- Dimensions of pipes for the manufacture of viewing and drainage channels.
- Calculate the need for building materials, including the number and fraction of gravel, the method of geotextiles canvas.
If a simple sketchy design of the country house was performed independently, then in this case it is necessary to show it a specialist in this area of \u200b\u200bthe design of PGS. If necessary, to make appropriate changes and only after that begin the purchase of necessary materials.
Depth of the underpass of the system
The closer to the surface there is a drainage tube, the more active it absorbs moisture accumulated on the surface. The magnitude of the rehabilitation can be from 15 centimeters.
But if the pipe is located on the processed area, then you need to take into account the depth of the land, which can be up to 30 centimeters. A little glad gutter, being on the specified depths, is taped pretty quickly and remove water from the site, not allowing its significant clusters.
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As for the swelled collectors for the storm sewering of a country house running on the horizon of the rifle water, this indicator depends from the depth of freezing soil. Being below this zone, the drainage system actively displays water throughout the year.
Flip of underground communication
This indicator is worth paying close attention. The fact is that when the slope rate is exceeded by 3 millimeters per meter of the pipeline, the character of the drain changes. Water in Livnevka is pure doubtful.
As a result of exceeding the flow rate, polluting components do not have time to fully drain together with the liquid and partially remain in the pipe. Gradually, the amount of precipitation increases, leading to a blockage.
It is possible to remove it with such a dense layering from the storm sewer of a country house only with water under pressure.
The basis for installing drainage is a gravel benchmark. Its formation needs to pay special attention. High-quality measurements When installing flow, you can produce laser or extended construction level.
The minimum size of the lavender slope is 0.3-0.5 centimeters per meter of the pipeline, the maximum no more than 4-5.
Installation of a rainmaker for a lavety
Decisive indicators for evaluating the selected rain-seeker are the volume of fluid that it can skip through itself at the time of maximum precipitation. Therefore, the determining indicator in this case is data on the number of moisture drop-down in the specific locality. For this, special cards have been developed.
The rapid removal of water through the storm sewage houses of the country house not only allows the free movement through the territory of the site, but also protects the foundation from the destructive action of moisture.
Water in a rain-seeker hits from the drain from the roof of the building. For efficient operation, the jet should be directed precisely in the middle of the receiving funnel.
When installing these devices, you must perform a number of requirements that ensure long-term operation of these devices:
- At the installation site, a pit is broken, corresponding to the size of the device. Its depth must be more vertical product size for approximately 30-40 centimeters.
- To make a submersion with the substrate gravel, shed a layer with water and carefully tumped, handling the gap between the case and the submoduction of up to 5-6 centimeters for concreting.
- The distance between the side walls of the deepening and the hull should be at least 3-4 centimeters.
- Connect water intake pipes to a rainmaker and install it to the place of permanent placement. At the same time, it is necessary to put it in height so that the lattice is at the level of the scene around the house.
- Relieve the cauldron's body, set the inner partition and the filtering liner, if it is provided by the design.
Livnevka in a private house is mounted at the final stage of its device for the entire site and connects either to the accumulative Baku, or to a discharge device to the city sewer system or beyond the site.
Getting Started with such a responsible operation as the installation of storm sewage in a country house, you need to carefully examine all the standards and rules and correctly select materials for installation.
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When installing the storm sewer, the SNiP is used for the number 2.04.03-85, regulating the requirements for the device of external sewage networks. It must be observed both the sequence of actions and technical requirements for materials and work.Strong showers and spring dislisters for many homeowners are becoming a real problem. After all, the plot after the rain turns into a similarity of the swamp, and the regular flooding of the foundation and walls contribute to their destruction. Consider the main points of construction of such a device as storm sewage - SNiP, GOST and other requirements that should be taken into account.
What ? Storm sewer is made to call complex engineering networks, which serve to collect and lead from the drained territory of moisture, which falls in the form of precipitation. For the construction of these schemes, the SNiP requirements should be guided by the requirements of the construction of outdoor sewage networks.
In SNiP, regulating the norms that the external sewage networks must comply with the necessary formulas for settlement in the implementation of the system design, the requirements for the materials, the depth of pipes and other important points of construction are indicated.
Types of storm sewage
There are two types of landing:
- Point system.
- Linear system.
Sewerage Storm Point Type
Point schemes are networks from rain-seekers and connecting their pipes. In order for the collected scheme to be durable, safe and efficient, the technical conditions for storm sewers provide for the installation of protective lattices on rain-seekers, as well as the installation of special filters - sandwalkers.
Sewelation of livnery linear type
Linear circuit is networks of channels that are intended for collecting and transporting water. According to the requirements of SNiP - the storm sewage is mounted so that there is a bias towards the main collector.
The livhery sewage of the closed type consists of a network of rain-seeers connected by the pipes laid at the depth of pipes by which the water is discharged into the collector. For servicing and monitoring the operation of the system in it, revision wells with a diameter of 1 meter include.
Tip! All aspects that will need to be taken into account in the development of the project and the construction of storm sewage sewage are set out in the standard SNiP document 2.04.01-85.
If when laying pipes for some reason, it is not possible to withstand the minimum slope, then the pumps include pumps for pumping fluid, as it cannot be moved.
Elements of storm sewage
As a rule, the following elements are included in the sewage network:
- Rain-seekers. This is one of the important elements of the system, the main function of which is the local water collection from the ground surface.
- Pallets are arrogant. This is an analogue of rain-seekers, which are installed in front of the entrance groups at home or at the gate.
- either. Elements installed in ditch to drive water. In order for water to move in them with gravity, there is a small slope of the storm sewage sealing to the collector.
- Pipes. This element performs the same function as trays, but is not paved in surface trenches, but underground.
- Sandowellands. These are filtering elements that do not allow garbage and soil particles into the drainage system.
- Watching wells. Elements necessary to control the operation of the system.
Calculation of storm sewage
Prior to the start of the construction of Livnevka, it is necessary to produce the correct calculation of the storm sewage, for this you need to know:
- The average precipitation falling in this area.
- Stoke area, that is, the area of \u200b\u200broofs, sites and paths with waterproof coating.
- The properties of the soil on the plot.
- The location of the already constructed underground communications on the site.
Calculate what should be the diameter of the storm sewage can be, in the formula:
Q \u003d Q20 x F x ψ
Designation in the formula:
Q is the volume of water that the system will have to take off.
Q20 - the intensity of precipitation.
Tip! This value depends on the climatic conditions of the area, it is possible to find its value in SNiP tables 2.04.03 - 85.
F - The surface area from which water is planned to be carried out.
Ψ is a correction coefficient that depends on the material coverage of the platform from which water is assembled.
Tip! The correction coefficient for the roof is 1.0, for platforms and tracks with asphalt - 0.95, for concrete coatings - 0.85, for rubbed coatings - 0.4 (and if the crushed stone is processed by bitumen, then the coefficient will be 0.6).
Depth of pipe jams
The question of which should be the depth of the laving sewage is widely discussed on the forums of construction subjects. Meanwhile, a completely understandable answer is given in SNIP 2.04.03-85 - the minimum depth of the laving sewage is determined by the exploitation of systems in this area.
Tip! As a rule, under the condition of operation in the middle band and the use of diameter pipes up to 500 mm, 30 cm is received for the minimum depth. In the event that the pipes of a larger diameter are used for the construction of such a system, such as storm sewage - the depth of their embezzlement should not be less than 70 cm.
In order not to carry out complex calculations and not worry about possible mistakes, it is best to find out what should be the depth of the investment in people who are engaged in the construction of storm sewers in practice. You can ask neighbors if they have already completed building outdoor drainage and storm sewage networks, or help in the construction organizations engaged in this area.
Blind of pipes Livnevok
In order to find out the minimum storm sewage slope, you need to consider:
- Type of drainage;
- Pipe diameter;
- Surface coating.
When using pipes with a diameter of 200 mm, the slope must be 0.7 cm for each meter of the length of the pipeline. If pipes with a cross section of 150 mm were used, the bias should be 0.8 cm for each meter. In the event of an acute need for SNiP 2.04.03-85 there is a direct indication that in certain sections of the network, the minimum bias can be somewhat reduced:
- up to 0.5 cm per meter when using pipes of 200 mm;
- up to 0.7 cm per meter for pipes with a diameter of 150 mm.
Thus, if local conditions are forced to do this, you can "save" to 2 mm for each meter of pipeline length. Do not forget that SNiP regulates not only the minimum, but also the maximum bias of the pipeline. It should not exceed 1.5 cm for each meter of the pipe.
If the specified indicator exceeds the indicator, then the risk of clogging facilities will increase. The fact is that if the slope is greater than the norm, water quickly leaves, and the sand contained in it is settled, as a result, the inner surface of the pipe is quickly stuck.
Construction of storm sewage
In general, the installation works on the lavender device pass the same way as when laying out the external pipelines of conventional sewage.
Select pipes for underground pipeline
If the outdoor networks of storm sewage sewage are mounted, it allows the use of the following types of pipes:
- Asbestos-cement;
- Steel;
Asbestoscent is a traditional material used to build out outer sewage pipelines, including storm. The disadvantages of the material include its high fragility and considerable weight (the pipe meter with a diameter of 100 mm weighs more than 24 kg). Steel pipes have a much smaller weight (the meter of the pipe weighs about 10 kg), but they are prone to corrosion, so it is unprofitable to use them for the construction of the lavety.
Recently, plastic pipes are used for the construction of landfills. They are light (meter weighs no more than 5 kg), but durable and resistant to corrosion. In addition, they are easy to connect, no welding required for this. Can be used:
- if the external networks are mounted, then for their facilities, it is necessary to use a special type of pipes, they are painted in orange;
- Multilayer polymer pipes. To date, this is the optimal option. These pipes have a smooth inner surface, so hydraulic resistance does not occur.
Installation of roofing
Works as follows:
- Overlaps are arranged holes for installing rain-seekers, all adjoins are carefully sealing.
- Strengthening pipes are strengthened when building a point system or trays - when installing linear lavety.
- Installing waste risers or pipes.
- The water reset assembly is going to the collector or release into the tram systems.
- All devices are attached to walls and overlaps with clamps. Places for installing clamps are planned in advance, not forgetting to observe the recommended blockages.
Laying underground part
- Installation starts with trench device. During the construction of such systems, such as storm sewage - the depth of the embedding, most often, is not determined by the depth of freezing, but the experience of operating systems at the construction site.
- Trenches are digging with a slope, that is, their depth should gradually increase.
- At the bottom of the trenches, a pillow of sand is performed, the height of the layer is 20 cm.
- It is prepared by the pit for installing the collector.
- In the prepared ditches, pipes should be laid, pipe connections and their connection to the collector is carried out using conventional fittings.
- If the sewer network consists of a single branch that has a length of more than 10 meters, then on its middle it is worth planning the installation of the observation well. Such wells should be placed on places of branching networks.
- In the place of the connection of the water-made chutes and systems of the lavety pipes, sandoflates are installed.
- Now it remains to be covered with trenches, and open structures (trays) cover with grilles on top.
The need to create security zones
Few know that there is such a concept as a security zone of sewage, including storm, and meanwhile, it is planned to reduce the security zone of a certain size near the pipes. So, the skunk zone of the Livnevka provides an indentation from the pipe walls in each direction 5 meters. The security zone is a place where it is forbidden:
- Build constant or temporary structures.
- Arrange landfill.
- Arrange parking.
- Shed trees or bushes at a distance of less than three meters from the pipe.
- Block free access to viewing wells.
So, the device of the rainwater leading system is a necessary event in the landscaping of the site. When building such systems, it is necessary to accurately comply with the requirements and rules that are formulated in regulatory documents - construction and sanitary rules.
Storm (raindrop) sewage, intended for collecting and removing atmospheric precipitation from the surface of the roof, road surfaces, land, has a different name - Livnevka. A large flow of water as a result of an abundant rain or intense snow melting is able to flood the basement to blur the foundation of the building, to the territory. Storm drainage is needed for households located in lowlands and in areas where floods are regularly marked. An important meaning of drainage systems for roofs have for buildings built in the territories where a large amount of precipitation falls during the year. Consider the storm drainage on the examples.
Features of the construction of rain sewage
The main purpose of the lavety is to collect in a single stream of surface waters and transporting them into the sewer collector. The lavender device is a system of pipes, special trays, sand-trays, siphones, plugs, storm wells (rain-seekers) and other elements necessary for precipitation. Depending on the type of waterfront scheme, it includes those or other elements.
Experts warn that in no case cannot be made drainage from the storm sewage sealing into the ground-based deep drainage system. Often, the installation of a lavety and drainage for lowering the groundwater level is performed at one corner parallel to each other, but they have a different purpose. It is necessary to make rain sewage over the drainage design.
By the method of removal of precipitation, the waterfront system happens:
- open;
- closed;
- mixed.
Open type of storm sewer
It is a surface drainage of atmospheric precipitation outside the territory, open trays, gutters, channels are used to create it. What such a system looks like, can be seen in the photo. Trays for this type of landfill are made by a bell in the soil, and cement mortar is used to fix them. Often, the gutter or channels are installed in the scene, the tracks around the building, etc.
In order for the landing around the house to function reliably (not clogged with garbage), removable grilles are installed on its elements, specially designed for the rain sewage of an open type. Such a system is created on private land plots in small settlements, it is often element of landscape design.
Closed type of storm sewer
The drain roof system of the closed type provides for a deep drainage. Elements of such a design are built-in trays and sandwokers, thanks to which the water is assembled and drives along the pipes, they are also called storm wells. Then the precipitate with the help of pumping equipment or on the inclined channel are sent to the sewer collector, after which they fall into artificial water bodies or treatment facilities. A similar system in private households is rarely used, it is mainly equipped in large cities. When creating rain sewage, hidden from ferris, it is required to calculate the stormwater drains from the roof and make a project.
Mixed type of storm sewer
Mixed type lavety consists of street trays and pipes located in the ground. Such a system assumes that drainage is performed by gravity. The exception is made only for the terrain with unfavorable relief conditions. Rained sewers are paved with the shortest route from the place of atmospheric precipitation to the reset point to the collector or artificial reservoir. Reinforced concrete elements are used to create such an inexpensive design.
Storm drainage and drainage type
By type of drainage, the storm drainage can be point or linear.
Point drainage . This type is used to provide local water collection from some single surface, for example, from the roof of a country cottage, it is mounted under pipes for drain or watering cranes. Note that in the presence of sufficient buildings, you can do. The kit includes a rain-free well, a removable grille, filtering basket. It is connected to the sewer pipes, along which the estones go to the collector well.
Linear drainage . It is intended to collect precipitation from a significant surface - helps solve the problem of drainage comprehensively. For its arrangement, drainage (linear trays, gutters, canals) and sand trays are used (chipped garbage and sand).
Design of rain sewage
Storm cleaning facilities are an integral part of all projects for building major settlements and industrial sites. As for the owners of private households, they have two ways to solve the problem of precipitation: either the Livnevka with their own hands, or an appeal to specialists. The task is solved easier if there is a centralized sewer system in the city, since the storm sewer can be connected to it.
In some cases, it is enough to install a barrel under the drainage pipe or simply dug a ditch, and sometimes it is necessary to order a lavender project and create a closed or mixed rain sewer (this applies to flooded terrain). Previously need to make appropriate calculations.
Design is carried out on the basis of regulatory documentation - SNIPA 2.04.03 - 85.
To execute the project and make the calculation of the lavety, the following data will be required:
Stage two . The drainage elements of the system are prepared (today they are most often used plastic lavetyls with a diameter of pipes of 110 millimeters).
Stage Third . Trenches are rotated, the soil is rambling, the "pillow" of sand or rubble is created with a thickness of about 8 centimeters. After that, laying of pipes with a bias in the direction of the water supply, which is 1-2 centimeters on the temporon meter. Layerly falling asleep back Earth and trambed. It takes into account the strength of the pipes - than they are stronger, the less layer of the soil is stacked from above.
Stage fourth . Rainhery of the wells are installed, where the stormwater is coming from the site, then it is sent to the collector. Well also provides access to the system, if you need to repair the lavety and cleaning.
Stage Fifth . Elements of storm sewage are combined between themselves and produce a trial start.
In some case, it is necessary to create heat heating - this is relevant for territories with a harsh climate.
It is also called rain or lavety. It is installed on a plot for collecting and removing water from the roof of houses, road surfaces and land. Storm drainage should not be confused with the soil, which is laid on a certain depth and is designed to reduce groundwater levels. It is relevant to plots in lowlands, for the territory where a significant amount of precipitation falls.
Storm drainage is also used in flood areas. If there is a lot of water in the territory, then this can cause floods. The foundation over time is blurred, the soil feels, and the basement floods. Protects a plot and a house from such trouble.
What is Livnevka
The rain system of sewage system is pipes, trays, stubs, sandcloths, rain-seekers, siphons and other elements. The system can also be even a storm well. The ultimate scheme will depend on the type of livnee. As a primary purpose, collecting surface water and its direction in the sewer collector.
Moist is assembled into a single stream. Water removal from the system cannot be done in the drainage ground system. They are installed in parallel at one angle, but are different designs. Storm drainage is made above the soil.
Livnevka scheme
Warry sewage sewage treatment systems are installed under drainage vertical pipes. There should be several waterballs on the territory. All of them are tied with polymeric, this allows you to connect elements into a single system.
The scheme also provides a prefaby well, which is usually located in the lowest location. Therefore, Livnevka uses the principle of samonek. The drainage scheme may provide for the use of pipes that are installed in the form of a Christmas tree or in a circle.
In the first case, a straight line contour is carried out from the waterboors at home. Contours from parts of the site and household buildings are connected to it. In the circular scheme there is a primary contour, however the addition of additional is carried out in a circle. A system of sewage pipes are being laid around the main house, which are complemented by contours. If a plot is large enough, then there may be several circular contours.
How does the lavety arranged depending on the method of precipitate
A storm sewage system can be classified according to the method of water removal. It can be open and also called superficial. Rainwater is assigned to this system using open gutters in the form of trays and channels. Moisture goes beyond the site. Trays are swallowed, installed in the tracks, as well as the scene. They are sometimes fixed with cement mortar. Top on the gutter are installed grids for sewage, which are removable.
The open system is most common in the context of private houses, as well as small settlements with low population density. The storm sewage system is also closed, it is called deep. Water in this case is going to embedded trays and sands. Moisture falls into rain-seekers, as wells protrude. By inclined line, the precipitation is sent to the sewer network. Pumping equipment can also be used for water transportation.
Rain and melt waters pass the sewer collector, Talvegi and fall into the sewage treatment plants and artificial reservoirs. The closed system is used in large settlements and cities, sometimes in private territories.
Mixed Type Livnee Device
Mixed storm sewage is a drainage system that consists of street trays and underground pipes. In the design of drains, the drains are carried out by gravity. The exceptions are only unfavorable relief conditions.
The railway track is located along the shortest path to the point of release in the reservoir or the collector. During the device, reinforced concrete mixed lavety is suitable for reducing construction costs.
Classification of drainage in the type of drainage
Point storm drainage is ensured using local drainage systems in the form of rain-free wells. They are installed to collect water from a point area, for example, from the roof. The drainage and storm canalization system of the working village has lattices filtering baskets, the last of which are necessary for detention of garbage.
The system is connected to underground sewage pipes that are transported to the collector well. Storm drainage can also be linear. It is established for collecting precipitation from the territory of an impressive area.
Linear drainage is designed to solve drainage problems comprehensively. The basis of such a system is:
- channels;
- trays;
- chute;
- sandochildren.
The latter are a container to delay small garbage and sand. Inside there is a basket where garbage accumulates. Cleaning such sewage is carried out by emptying baskets.
Drainage lavety device
If the lavety is complemented by drainage, the latter can be equipped with closed technology. Pipes are located underground, and only the lids of the wells are visible on the surface. Underground drainage sewage can be installed on plots with clay soil and with soils, where loams are dominated. Drainage is relevant and in those territories where the aquifer is highlighted. Drainage is required if water is worthwhile in the basement in the spring, or the foundation had to blow greatly.
Considering the device of storm sewage with a drainage system, you should note that the latter provides for:
- viewing wells;
- drainage highways;
- sandwalkers;
- drain;
- cumulative and repaired wells.
They collect excessive moisture from the soil, and the sands collectors purify it from the sludge. In excess water flows, excess water flows due to the trunk pipeline. This process is controlled by wells, the design of which can be different. With the help of them, the system is also being cleaned.
Drain can be made of the following materials:
- ceramics;
- asbestos cement;
- plastic.
Asbestos-cement pipes are quite cheap, but inferior to the rest of the durability. Ceramic are ready to serve decades, but they are expensive. The plastic pipelines are based on polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC. Polyethylene products are the most resistant to frosts, they do not crack with sudden temperatures.
The storm sewer system with a roof is an integral part of the circuit. Its elements are installed along the walls on the roof. With the help of trays, water is assembled from the roof and is transferred to ground rainseed sewer. The drainage system provides for:
- funnels;
- connectors;
- hydrogen gutters;
- plugs;
- tees;
- swivel knees.
The modern drainage system is a designer whose details are collected in a specific sequence. Elements can be made of the following materials:
- plastic;
- ceramics;
- galvanized;
- copper.
The choice will depend on the architecture of the house and the type of roofing material. The drains are sometimes complemented by protective nets, drippers and anti-icing cables. These devices are not mandatory, but allow to improve the functionality of the lavety.
The storm sewage system systems of the private house provide for the presence of observation and drainage wells that can be made of:
- plastic;
- stone;
- brick;
- reinforced concrete rings;
- automotive tires;
- fiberglass.
Materials can be different, but the design is the same. It assumes the presence of a cover, mines, a working chamber and the bottom. Finished well structures are easier than the rest of the rest. This is especially true in the case of plastic. The most budget is the option from reinforced concrete rings or automotive tires.
Drain "Geberit"
When the time comes to supplement the roof of your home by the waterproof system, you can consider several options. Among other Livnevka "Geberit", which has an increased bandwidth and a reduced pipe diameter. The siphon livnevel system for several decades establishes standards for inner drainage.
The funnel design ensures that in the event of rain, risers and pipes will be filled without air pockets. The system of storm sewer "Geberit" has pipes in which water falls, forming a closed pillar. It creates reduced pressure and sucks the drains. This increases the flow rate and bandwidth, despite the reduced pipe diameter.
Freedom of design and reduction of labor costs with the help of the Livnevka "Geberit"
"Geberit" provides consumers maximum design freedom, as the designers require fewer rainwater funnels, sewer pipelines and risers. When laying supply pipelines, it will be possible to provide reduced pressure, so the slopes are no longer required, which simplifies the installation and saves space.
The healing sewage system "Geborith" reduces the cost of material and reduces labor costs. To plan the system, you can use the program with the pluvia module. As a service service, the company offers consumers to perform calculations for internal drainage systems.
Sampling from Livnevka
The sampling method of the storm sewage system involves which is located before resetting the purified water. The node is equipped with a disc shutter and is designed to select the sample of the purified flow. Well can be made of reinforced fiberglass and must have high chemical and corrosion resistance. As an excellent example, the Junilos-KK Well, which has durability, low operating costs and insignificant thermal conductivity.
Wells are located on the route of the drains after passing the latest filtering systems. Sampling sites that are also called test points are selected in accordance with the objectives of the work. Samples must be selected from mixed streams. Selection locations should be close to the discharge point.
Sample classification
For lowering, transporting and lifting the sample, if necessary, the means of mechanization, such as trolleys and winches should be provided. Simple and mixed samples differ. The first characterize the composition of water and are obtained by one-time selection. Mixed sample characterizes the composition of the liquid during a certain period of time.
Storm sewage is regularly subjected to check and clean. Inspection is carried out in the spring and late autumn as part of preparation for the winter. The whole system is examined after each strong shower. Even if the scheme provides grids on the water reservations and sand-trap, the salvation of the catch can be inserted inside the sewage.
The list of works on the content of the storm sewage system provides for the removal of extraneous elements from the gutters, pipes and wells. It is necessary to do this with regular checks, otherwise the elements of drainage will be stirred, which will lead to the cessation of the work of the lavety.
Cleaning
Purification of pipes are carried out by a pump and a large volume of water. Using the hose with a nozzle, you can wash off all sediments from the walls of pipelines. The limestone hoist and Il will be in a well, from which the garbage is discharged with a drainage pump or vacuum ivosos. Usually washing enough, but sometimes you have to resort to machine cleaning with scrapers or plumbing cable with crochet.
Finally
Each house must have a shower. It consists of plastic sewer pipes, fittings and a team well. The scheme also provides for the presence of collections in the form of cones. We should not forget about decorative lattices, with the help of the design of water collectors and the system is protected from penetration and garbage.
The desire of mankind to protect their land on the negative impact of excessive precipitation is known since a long time. Modern drainage systems have become an integral attribute of a civilized society.
The drainage systems protect buildings and land, extending their service life, which, in turn, has a positive effect on the environment. Drainage is perfectly coping with this feature - storm sewage in a private house (Livnevka). It is a design of pipes, trays, rain-seekers, which is designed to serve to collect rain and melt waters. Livnevka is used to remove excess precipitation with roofs of buildings, road coatings, land plots.
Storm sewage is a complex that includes channels and devices that allow collecting and eliminating excess rain and melt waters beyond the limits of the dried area. Pre-filtering is preloaded, and then they must be collected in the collector well. It goes from it to the download location.
Further collection of atmospheric moisture is made at filtration fields, in special water bodies, tanks.
The accumulations of the sewage from the sewage must be periodically deleted, for which the cleaning of a linear network is required, which is rain sewage. These actions are not difficult to perform with your own hands. You can carry out cleaning by using the services of a specialized company. At the same time, it is important to know how the lavetyl acts, which elements are included in its composition, which technical requirements are imposed on equipment in the storm sewage complex.
Device of Livnevka
The scheme of storm sewage consists of channels that serve to remove excess moisture creating discomfort and destructive design. It includes the following standard items:
- Rainhery in the form of funnel.
- Pallets.
- Linear trays for water collection.
- Chute.
- Pipes.
Specifications suggest equipment of raincoats with sand-trap or filtering devices, as well as lattices. It does not allow weaving soil particles or dedicating garbage to penetrate inside the lavety.
What system to choose
There are linear and point ravery drainage on the plot. Linear sewage, like point, 
It consists of roofing drain (drainage gutter, funnels) of underground pipes, for which water from rain-seekers enters the waterborgs; Wells and rain-seekers; trays. The diagram of the catchment is made up with a slope or to the point (point drainage), or to the line (linear drainage).
Both species belong to the surface diagram of the removal of rain and melt waters.
Collecting the storm sewer, do not forget about sandwaves (do not let in the grocery of trash), plugs (warn the inverse outflow of water), siphons (delay the unpleasant odor).
Dot sewage rains are mounted under the drainage pipes around the house and cranes for irrigation, as a rule, in places where the slopes are intersect. Ranges are usually equipped with baskets that delay trash. They must be cleaned periodically.
For linear circuit, trays are needed. They are produced from various materials: plastic, concrete, composite. It is easy to establish them, since the kit includes fasteners, plugs and adapters. Mounted trays at an angle. Top covered with storm grids. They are built around at home and in the site.
Open and closed storm sewage
An open type of storm sewage is called linear, since water should flush along the roofs in a certain place.
Install the open lavety can be installed if you use a gutter made of concrete, metal or plastic. To protect the sewage from contamination on the gutter, lattices should be put on the aesthetic function. To prevent soil shrinkage, it is necessary to provide a slope, making channels under the gutters. Channels can be equipped using waterproof sealants.
Calculation of the lingual sewage sealing of a closed type:
- Determine the characteristics of the territory and landscape features.
- Provide the presence of architectural buildings around the house on the country.
- Calculate the average degree of atmospheric precipitation.
- Using the placement of technical facilities.
After that, preliminary drawings should be prepared, where the location of the pipes and the place of installation will be specified, the depth of the storm sewage is calculated. The design of closed storm sewage will require the preparation of the following documents:
- Project information.
- Livnevka scheme.
- Preliminary drawings.
- Report on work.
It must be remembered that the work of any sewage will be high-quality if all equipment and sealants will have the appropriate quality. Preventive cleaning of rain sewage should be carried out at least once a year, which will prevent breaks for water reservoirs and trays.
Materials
To arrange the storm sewage can be hired specialists, and you can make it yourself. Modern materials from which storm sewers are mounted, do not cause difficulties in the work even in an inexperienced person.
You will need:
- pipes;
- couplings;
- tapes for screed;
- taps (corrugated);
- tees;
- crosses or adapters.
As mentioned above, the lavender consists of roofing drain and ground part. Mount them standing at the same time. So the effect of work will be higher.
All elements of the mountaineering are combined into a common scheme according to the technology, which can be two types: Spot and linear. The choice of one or another scheme depends on the method of waste collection. If the laying of rain sewage channels is carried out in the ground, the pipes are used. Plastic, concrete or asbestos trays and gutters are used for equipment with surface ditch, having arrange internal and outer drainage, forming a point system.
Performing a lavender device should be used by PVC pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, which are connected by a double coupling. If pipes with maximum strength are used, then the depth of their embezzlement should be more. If the plot has drainage sewage, then the lavety is arranged above it. For insulation of pipes with less strengths laid on a small depth, geotextiles and crushed stone are used as insulation.
The scheme of arranging the storm sewer house should provide for its connection to the watering of the site or water supply.
If there is a reservoir near the country area, it should not be installed. The system is equipped so that the water can get into the reservoir.
Requirements for laying
There are certain requirements for methods of laying elements, for example, trays, sewer pipes or gutters. It is necessary to observe the slope when laying listed elements towards the constructions of the catchment, as well as the boot locations.
The device of rainmarts for storm sewage is made under the drainage, and equip the funnel receiving funnels is necessary using a mesh for filtering. At the same time, the inner shopping cart will be required for collecting. Another way of the device of rain-seekers involves compliance with the following installation scheme of the elements:
- On the right - the chute and the sandwaller.
- In the center - a funnel for receiving water from the drain.
- Left - welcome pallet.
Pipes for storm sewers are produced from various material: asbestoscert, PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PP (polypropylene), fiberglass.
Storm sewage is laid with a slope of at least 1 cm for 1 phenomenon meter. With this condition, water current over the pipes is free, and the sewage is self-cleaning.
Linear type lavety is a network of channels that are laid underground or in shallow trenches. Trays intended for collecting and moving water are laid in the open way. At the same time, they are equipped with not only rain sewage lattices, but also sandwickers. Installing the lattices is made along the entire line.
In order to drain the sewage system in the sewage system, more elements are involved than in the point scheme. Therefore, the collection of water is made both with roofing drains, and from sites, tracks that can be paved with a brick for a sidewalk or covered with concrete.
Linear type laneville scheme allows you to cover the area having a large area. Warming of effluents can be done both from sidewalks and with comfortable sites. If the specificity of the scope design does not provide for the presence of drainage, then the drains are discharged from certain sides of the house.
The selected type of landfill will depend on the degree of coverage of the territory. But these selection criteria are not fundamental. It is satisfied with the storm sewer with their own hands at the cottage in the presence of a certain experience associated with the organization and operation of complexes of this species. At the same time, it is important to determine not only the type of channel laying, but also the depth of their embezzlement.
Instructions for mounting the storm sewage closed type
The device does not require so much professional installation as thorough preparation. A number of measurements and research should be done: to study the relief of the site, calculate the level of precipitation and loads, collect the necessary tools and equipment and, finally, design the scheme of future sewage.
If all calculations are made correctly, and the work carried out competently, then your Livnevka:
- protects the foundation and scene of the house;
- at times will reduce the possibility of flooding basements and cellars at home;
- protects the construction of dampness;
- it will warn the possibility of blocking the plot.
Preparation
Materials used in the process of performing work must be waterproof and anti-corrosion.
Corrugated pipes for such a mountaineering are not suitable, therefore it makes no sense due to fast clogging. Do not use complex schemes, determining the location of the pipes. Locking pipes, one should not make additional wiring and turns.
Connections of structural elements must be hermetic. Prepare the installation scheme, it is necessary to calculate the patterns of pipes and other required elements. Protection and quality cleaning of storm sewage involves the device of two wells additionally. Cleaning pipes is made with a metal cable.
Roofing drain
For work, you will need: gutter, drainage pipes, funnels, fastener, plugs.
Installation of the drainage house occurs in stages:
- funnels are installed;
- the gutter is laid;
- pipes are fixed (if a point circuit is selected);
- trays are fixed (if the scheme is linear);
- it is equipped with a closed reset of water into a waterball, or open in a storm drainage.
When installing, take into account the angle of the structure of the structure. It should be at least 2%.
The technology of installing gutters on the roof of the house is as follows:
- Prepare special holes for mounting rain-seekers.
- Install elements with subsequent sealing of all joints.
- Install pipes for the flow of water.
- Strengthen all devices and elements of clamps to the roof and walls of the structure.
Ground part
First we make the markup of the site. According to the route, the swarm around the trenches under trays and pipes, taking into account the soil freezing. 
So that the slope was correct, experts advise the trace cable.
- terrestrial rains are fixed;
- on the bottom of the channels falling asleep around the sand and tampering;
- stacked trays and pipes;
- all components of drainage and storm sewers are combined into one system (rain-seekers, sandwickers, wells);
- trays are fixed;
- mounted grilles.
Drainage and storm sewers collected in this way require verification. The roof is watered with water from the hose with a small pressure. If it is not stuffed, it takes free on the drain and sewage, it means that you will last for a long time and keeps at home, and earth around them from wax and rainwater.
Pipes in the trench can be insulated with geotextiles and rubble.
Storm sewage is one of the components of the Drainage system of the country house. Therefore, to mount the lavety directly into the drainage on the defense can not. Pipes for drainage and lavender on the site are paving in such a way that the latter are located above the first.
For the purpose of arranging closed storm sewage, follows follows:
- approving the installation scheme, make the placement of the territory using the designations of the preliminary seats of the sewage setting;
- pubs dig up, tamping their bottom and falling asleep with sand at 15 - 20 cm;
- insulate trench geotextiles, if necessary;
- prepare the pit for the collector, digging the pit and the bay of its concrete with the help of metal rings or plastic containers.
To create a kittle man, you can use the factory well placed in the prepared pit. To facilitate the work, plastic pipes and fittings are used. In trenches, dug in advance, produce styling of pipes. Then they connect with trays and collector.
Place the observation well follows every 5 m of sewage. In places where the water receiver is missing, a gutter fitted with a grid is performed. The sand purifier must be located between the chute and the tray. This ensures that flow into the purified water system.
Validation
When the whole range is already assembled, you can proceed to its testing. This will allow you to identify the performance of the design. To all the water-made wells that are installed, poured 10 liters of water. Next, it is necessary to determine what speed water from the system comes out and in what quantity.
With a fairly fast speed, the flowing water comespace with the volume of flowing. This means that the system has been collected qualitatively and all works are fulfilled correctly. In the future, it will function correctly.
On the perimeter of the house, the storm sewage is set as well as on the territory.
Sewage maintenance involves the use of appropriate cleaning methods:
- Mechanical.
- Water.
- Thermal.
- Chemical
A mechanical method involves removing contaminants, plugs or sand. Water based on the use of a jet of water, punching cork. Thermal is associated with the use of water with high temperature.
Chemical implies cleaning with reagents. The outer part, located on the roof, is associated with the use of a mechanical method. For this purpose, the gutters and water reservations are inspecting for cleaning garbage. Calculation of rainhearters is performed using the water method when the water jet is sent to the lattice under the maximum pressure.
In order to clean the storm sewering of the open type, the following steps are performed:
- remove lattices covering trays;
- clean the channels from the blocks;
- washed canals with water;
- install lattices.
To purify the closed sewage, it is necessary to use a water jet under the maximum pressure, which exceeds 350 bar, improve the quality of water purification by feeding it in two directions: to the collector and back. If the pipes are diameter, which is no more than 200 mm, then cleaning can be produced do it yourself. Otherwise, special equipment will be required and help professionals. If you have to use their services, you should find out the likelihood of the use of heavy equipment, to prepare enough space for the entry of technology, to provide access to sewage equipment.
The cost of the closed sewage device is determined by the depth of the pipe laying, the area area, the number of rain-seekers. The price of the system is about $ 28 per 1 m, taking into account the number of rains, not exceeding 15 pieces. In case of small depth of occurrence - up to 1 m. If the depth of sewage is 1 - 1.6 m with the presence of 15 water reservations, the cost of arrangement will be $ 71 per 1 m. About $ 61 will be the cost of installing additional rains.