Andreev Alexey

Have you ever wondered why the military, in saluting, put their hand to the visor of their cap? And why is this gesture not only spelled out in the charter of our army, but also characteristic as a sign of greeting for the armies of the whole world? The military sometimes does not realize that, saluting each other, they exactly repeat the movements of the medieval knights, who raised the visors of their helmets and always fixed the moment when their faces were completely open to each other ...

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City scientific and practical marathon

“A step into science. Junior"

Section “History. Social Studies"

Research

Completed

pupil 3 "B" class

MBOU "Secondary School No. 226", Zarechny

Andreev Alexei.

Supervisor:

primary teacher

classes MBOU "Secondary School No. 226"

Malkova Elena Alexandrovna

Zarechny

2012

1. INTRODUCTION.

2. CHAPTER 1. Why do the military salute?

3. CHAPTER 2.

4. CHAPTER 3. Military greetings in Russia.

5. CONCLUSION.

6. LITERATURE.

INTRODUCTION

Have you ever wondered why the military, in saluting, put their hand to the visor of their cap? And why is this gesture not only spelled out in the charter of our army, but also characteristic as a sign of greeting for the armies of the whole world? The military sometimes does not realize that, saluting each other, they exactly repeat the movements of the medieval knights, who raised the visors of their helmets and always fixed the moment when their faces were completely open to each other ...

I study in a cadet class and I am interested in everything related to the military. I often see how soldiers, when meeting each other, put their right hand to their temples. I decided to research what this gesture means and where this tradition came from.

Purpose of work:

To find out, why the military, saluting, put their hand to the headdress,and from what time does this tradition originate.

Research objectives:

Conduct a survey;

Hypothesis:

Historical hypothesis (Middle Ages): Cavalrymen of heavy cavalry (knights, knights) in the Middle Ages wore helmets. Many helmets had visors or masks to protect the face. At the oncoming passing, as a gesture showing peaceful intentions, the knight raised a visor or mask. He opened his face so that the oncoming person could recognize him. This was done with the right hand, which also showed that the warrior was not ready to start a fight and had no aggressive intentions. The gesture seemed to say: "There is no weapon in my right hand."

Research methods:questioning (APPENDIX 1), study of literature, comparison and analysis of the collected material.

Object of study:military traditions.

CHAPTER 1.

Why do the military salute?

In the late 18th century, junior officers greeted their elders, and soldiers saluted officers by removing their headgear. Civilians still bow to each other in this way as a sign of respect. This tradition probably dates back to the days when a knight had to raise a visor or remove a helmet in front of a lord.

Raising your hand in greeting instead of taking off your hat had practical implications. As the soldiers set fire to the fuses of the muskets, their hands were soiled with soot. And to take off a hat with dirty hands meant to make it unusable. Therefore, by the end of the 18th century, honor began to be given with a simple raise of the hand.

Officers or soldiers who wore a sword or saber, whether mounted or on foot, saluted by raising their weapons, bringing the handle to their lips, then moving the weapon to the right and down. This form of greeting dates back to the Middle Ages and is associated with religion, when a knight kissed the hilt of a sword, which symbolized the Christian cross. Then it became a tradition when taking an oath.

CHAPTER 2.

Where did the custom of saluting come from?

The tradition of modern military greetings originates on the island of Great Britain. In many armies of the world, the junior ranks greeted the elders by taking off their hats, as was the case in the British army, but by the 18th and 19th centuries, the headgear of the soldiers had become so bulky that this greeting was reduced to a simple touch of the visor. The greeting we know took shape in 1745 in the Coldstream Regiment, an elite guard unit of the Queen's personal protection. In the regimental charter of the guards they wrote: "The personnel are ordered not to raise their hats when they pass by the officer or turn to him, but only to press their hands to the hat and bow."

In 1762, the charter of the Scottish Guards clarifies: "Since nothing disfigures the headdress and contaminates the lacing like removing the hat, the personnel for the future are ordered only to raise their palm to the hat with a short gesture when passing the officer." This innovation caused a certain resistance, but, as we can see, it still took root. At the same time, great importance is attached to the fact that during a military salute they do not tilt their heads or lower their eyes, which means that servicemen of different ranks are free people serving the same state.

By the middle of the 19th century, the military greeting in Great Britain underwent new changes: the hand raised to the headdress (more precisely, to the right eyebrow) was turned with the palm outward. This tradition continues to this day. In the USA, the hand is brought out slightly forward, as if covering the eyes from the sun, and the palm looks into the ground. The American gesture was influenced by the traditions of the British Navy: back in the days of sailing ships, sailors used tar and tar to seal cracks in the wooden parts of the ship so that they did not let the sea water through. At the same time, they protected their hands with white gloves, but it was unworthy to show a dirty palm, therefore, in the navy, the greeting hand turned 90 degrees down. The soldiers in France also salute.

In tsarist Russia, the military saluted with two fingers (this tradition still remains in Poland), and in the Soviet and modern Russian army, honor is given with the whole palm facing down, with the middle finger looking at the temple.

CHAPTER 3.

Military greetings in Russia.

1. Using the questionnaire, I interviewed 23 classmates.

When asked if you know why the military, in saluting, put their hand to the headdress, all the guys answered in the negative.

To the question: “What do you think? " a negative answer was also given.

After analyzing the questionnaires (APPENDICES 1, 2), I saw that my classmates do not know why the military, saluting, put their hand to their right temple and have no ideasince when does this tradition go.

2. In the city and school libraries, I found the literature I needed for research.

3. After reviewing the collected material (APPENDIX 3), I found out that in modern army speech you can periodically hear the expression salute , however, taking into account the changes in the structure of society and the verymilitary greetings

knightsvisorarmies

CONCLUSION

conclusion, hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual originating, presumably, from the medievalknights... To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisor

LITERATURE

Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary.

General military charter of the RF Armed Forces (Chapter 3), 2011

ANNEX 1

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear friend! I ask you to take part in the survey and answer the following questions:

2. What do you thinkwhen does this tradition go??

APPENDIX 2

Results of the survey

23 people took part in the survey.

1. Do you know why the military, in saluting, put their hand to the headdress?

"No" - 23 students, 100%.

2. What do you thinkwhen does this tradition go??

“I don’t know” - 23 students, 100%.

APPENDIX 3

The magazine "Around the world" 01/19/2009.

Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary.

Encyclopedia "1001 Questions".

- "Children's encyclopedia for the lazy", 1995.

General military charter of the RF Armed Forces (chapter 2, 3), 2011.

Military etiquette. Textbook \ Under the general. ed. B.V. Vorobyova- M., 2005

B.N. Platonov Military etiquette - M., 1983

ABSTRACTS

Why the military salutes.

Research

Justification of the relevance of the topic:

I study in a cadet class and I am interested in everything related to the military. I often see how soldiers, when meeting each other, put their right hand to their temples. This gesture interested me.

I asked my classmates and parents:

- Why do the military, saluting, put their hand to the headdress?

When does this tradition originate?

It turned out that my friends do not know the answers to the questions posed. I decided to help them.

Purpose of work:

To find out, why the military, "saluting", put their hand to the headdress,and since when does this tradition go.

To achieve this goal, I designated for myself tasks :

Conduct a survey;

Go to the library and find the necessary literature;

Reach out to parents for help gathering information on the Internet;

Think well and comprehend the collected material.

In the course of acquaintance with the information received, hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual originating, presumably, from the medievalknights... At that time, they wore helmets on their heads. Many helmets had visors or masks to protect the face. At the oncoming passing, as a gesture showing peaceful intentions, the knight raised a visor or mask. He opened his face so that the oncoming person could recognize him. This was done with the right hand, which also showed that the warrior was not ready to start a fight and had no aggressive intentions. The gesture seemed to say: "There is no weapon in my right hand."

The result The work was a selection of materials on this topic, a slide presentation and a brochure "Military greeting", which can be used in extracurricular activities in the classroom "History of the Russian Army".

After reviewing the collected material, I found out that in modern army speech you can hear the expression salute , however, with a change in the structure of society and the verymilitary greetingsfrom a ceremony to a modern tribute to tradition, this expression is a rarely used phrase.

What is salute? It means showing respect to a person of higher rank. It has been established that this was done in different ways at different times. Greetings in one form or another have always existed among all peoples. The forms of greeting were different: bows, kneeling, falling prone to the ground, various hand gestures. The military salute, which is accepted in the army - putting the right hand on the visor of the cap - has appeared quite recently.

I learned that the military salute is a ritual borrowed, presumably from medievalknights... To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisorhelmet. The characteristic movement of the hand formed the basis of the modern military greeting. In the Russian Armed Forces, a military salute is performed with closed fingers of the right hand, straightened with a brush; unlike a number of othersarmiespeace, with an uncovered head, a military salute is performed without raising a hand, by taking a marching position.

Here's what it saysThe chartere of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces).

Article 43. Chapter 2. RELATIONS BETWEEN MILITARY SERVANTS

The military greeting is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of servicemen, a testament to mutual respect and a manifestation of a common culture. All servicemen are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), strictly observing the rules established by the Combat Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates and those who are junior in military rank are the first to greet, and in an equal position, the first to greet is the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered.

When meeting, the junior in rank must be the first to greet the senior; if they belong to different categories of military personnel (soldier - an officer, junior officer - senior officer), senior in rank may perceive the failure to comply with a military greeting at a meeting as an insult.

As a result of the work done, I came to conclusion, that putting the fingers of the right hand to the temple of the military means "salute" or a greeting. This confirms the previously put forward hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual originating, presumably, from the medievalknights... To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisorhelmet. The characteristic movement of the hand formed the basis of the modern military greeting.

History of military greetings November 6th, 2013

According to one version, it started from the Middle Ages: a military greeting is a knightly tradition. Meeting each other, the knights, with a movement of their hand, raised the visor of the helmet to show that the friend's face was hidden behind the armor. Or they raised their visor to show their peaceful intentions.

According to another version, the tradition of modern military greetings originates on the island of Great Britain. In many armies of the world, the junior ranks greeted the elders by taking off their hats, as was the case in the British army, but by the 18th and 19th centuries, the headgear of the soldiers had become so bulky that this greeting was reduced to a simple touch of the visor. The greeting we know took shape in 1745 in the Coldstream Regiment, an elite guard unit of the Queen's personal protection.

In the regimental charter of the guards they wrote: "The personnel are ordered not to raise their hats when they pass by the officer or turn to him, but only to press their hands to the hat and bow." In 1762, the charter of the Scottish Guards clarifies: "Since nothing disfigures the headdress and contaminates the lacing like removing the hat, the personnel for the future are ordered only to raise their palm to the hat with a short gesture when passing the officer." This innovation caused a certain resistance, but, as we can see, it still took root.

At the same time, great importance is attached to the fact that during a military salute they do not tilt their heads or lower their eyes, which means that servicemen of different ranks are free people serving the same state. By the middle of the 19th century, the military greeting in Great Britain underwent new changes: the hand raised to the headdress (more precisely, to the right eyebrow) was turned with the palm outward. This tradition continues to this day.

In the USA, the hand is brought out slightly forward, as if covering the eyes from the sun, and the palm looks into the ground. The American gesture was influenced by the traditions of the British Navy: back in the days of sailing ships, sailors used tar and tar to seal cracks in the wooden parts of the ship so that they did not let the sea water through. At the same time, they protected their hands with white gloves, but it was unworthy to show a dirty palm, therefore, in the navy, the greeting hand turned 90 degrees down. The soldiers in France also salute.

In tsarist Russia, the military saluted with two fingers (this tradition still remains in Poland), and in the Soviet and modern Russian army, honor is given with the whole palm facing down, with the middle finger looking at the temple.

By the way, let us emphasize a detail that is worth paying attention to: if earlier the ritual was called "giving military honor", today the Russian military regulations seem to return us to the requirements of noble knights: "soul to God, life to fatherland, heart to lady, honor - anyone! " (as the author of this statement, L.G. Kornilov, say?). Now this ritual is called the "military greeting"

According to the charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, all servicemen, when meeting or overtaking, are obliged to greet each other, while at the same time they must strictly observe the rules of giving military greetings I established by the combat charter of the RF Armed Forces.

Military greeting it is the embodiment of respect, solidarity, camaraderie, culture.

There are also those who believe that the custom of giving military honor in the armies of the world is associated with the name of the famous pirate Francis Drake.(about the history of piracy and, in particular, about DRAKE).

This is, of course, more of a joke version, but still :-)

"I AM BLINDED!"

Having made in 1577-1580. circumnavigating the world, Drake sent Queen Elizabeth a letter describing his exploits. Interested in the pirate's personality, and even more in the treasures he looted, the queen visited Drake's ship. When she went aboard, Drake, pretending to be blinded by her beauty (according to contemporaries, Elizabeth was extremely ugly), covered his eyes with his palm.

Since then, in the English Navy, this gesture allegedly began to be used to salute ...

LEFT OR RIGHT?

Maybe it is so, but, most likely, this is just a beautiful legend, although it has many supporters. However, let's see if the need to salute is inconvenient.

According to etiquette, a man should walk to the left of a woman, since the place on the right is considered honorable. If a woman takes a soldier by the arm, he must be to her right in order to be able to receive a military salute. 200-300 years ago, men did not leave the house without weapons. Each had a saber, rapier or dagger hanging on its left side. On the left - in order to quickly and more conveniently grab the weapon from the scabbard with the right hand. So that when walking, the weapon did not hit the companion on the legs, the gentleman tried to walk to the left of his lady.

In general, it is right for a man to walk to the left, because our people more often disperse to the right, and let the oncoming one accidentally hit you with his shoulder, and not your companion. Only the military does not obey this rule when they are in uniform. In order to give a military salute without touching a companion with an elbow, the soldier's or officer's right hand must be free. Therefore, it is more convenient for them to go to the right, and not to the left.

DO NOT APPLY A HAND TO AN EMPTY HEAD?

In the Russian army, honor is given only in a headdress, but in the American army ... In America, honor is given not "to an empty head", but in any case. It's all about history. It should be borne in mind that in the United States, the traditions of the army of the Northerners (as winners) have been preserved, which was created from volunteers, often dressed, at first, in ordinary clothes and having no combat habits. Hence the salutation without a military uniform and a headdress, which sometimes simply did not exist. Accordingly, when the uniform appeared, honor was given by putting a hand on the head, regardless of the presence of a headdress.

Times have changed, morals have changed

Officers or soldiers who wore a sword or saber, whether mounted or on foot, saluted by raising their weapons, bringing the handle to their lips, then moving the weapon to the right and down. This form of greeting dates back to the Middle Ages and is associated with religion, when a knight kissed the hilt of a sword, which symbolized the Christian cross. Then it became a tradition when taking an oath.

Raising your hand in greeting instead of taking off your hat had practical implications. As the soldiers set fire to the fuses of the muskets, their hands were stained with soot. And to take off a hat with dirty hands meant to make it unusable. Therefore, by the end of the 18th century, honor began to be given with a simple raise of the hand.

In the imperial period, saluting included not only bringing a hand to the headdress, but also various bows, curtsies and other elements, depending on the rank of the person met and the place of the meeting.

Let's remember something else or, for example, recently collected . And here is an interesting The original article is on the site InfoGlaz.rf The link to the article this copy was made from is

It does not work Edition from 14.12.1993

"CHARTER OF THE INTERNAL SERVICE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION" (approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 12/14/93)

Military greeting

43. A military greeting is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, a testament to mutual respect and a manifestation of a common culture. All servicemen are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), strictly observing the rules established by the Combat Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates and those who are junior in military rank are the first to greet, and in an equal position, the first to greet is the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered.

44. Members of the armed forces are also required to welcome:

The Battle Banner of the military unit, as well as the Naval flag with arrival on a warship and upon departure from it;

Funeral processions accompanied by military units.

44. Military units and subunits, when in the ranks, greet on command:

The President and Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;

Marshals of the Russian Federation, generals of the army, admirals of the fleet, colonel generals, admirals and all direct chiefs, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (verification) of a military unit (subdivision).

To greet in the ranks in place of the above persons, the senior chief gives the command "At attention, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)", meets them and reports.

For example: "Comrade Major General. The 110th motorized rifle regiment has been built for general regimental evening verification. The regiment commander is Colonel Petrov."

When building a military unit with a Battle Banner (at a parade, a drill, during the swearing-in, etc.), the report indicates the full name of the military unit with a listing of the honorary titles and orders assigned to it. When greeting in the ranks on the move, the chief gives only a command.

46. ​​Military units and subdivisions also greet on command:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;

Mass graves of soldiers who died in battles for freedom and independence of the Fatherland;

The Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship the Naval flag during its ascent and descent;

Funeral processions accompanied by military units;

Each other when we meet.

47. The military salute by the troops in the ranks on the spot, the President and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, is accompanied by the performance of the orchestra of the "Counter March" and the National Anthem.

When the military unit greets the direct commanders from the commander of their unit and above, as well as those appointed to lead the inspection (check), the orchestra performs only "Counter march".

48. When out of order, both during training and during free time from training, servicemen of military units (subdivisions) greet the commanders on the command "Attention" or "Stand up. Attention." At headquarters and institutions, only direct superiors and persons appointed to supervise the conduct of the inspection (verification) are welcomed on command. officers ". The command "Attention", "Stand up. Attention" or "Comrade officers" is given by the eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) or a soldier who first saw the arriving commander (chief). At this command, all those present stand up, turn towards the arriving commander (chief) and take a combat posture, and officers, warrant officers and warrant officers, wearing a headdress, also put their hand to him. The eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) approaches the newcomer and reports to him. The arriving commander (chief), having accepted the report, gives the command "At ease" or "Comrades officers", and the speaker repeats this command, after which all those present take the "at ease" position. Officers, warrant officers and warrant officers, when wearing a headdress, lower their hand and then act on the instructions of the arriving commander (chief).

49. The command "Attention" or "Stand up. Attention" and the report to the commander (chief) are given at his first visit to a military unit or subunit on a given day. The command "Smirno" is given to the ship commander every time he arrives on the ship (leaves the ship). In the presence of the senior commander (chief), the command for a military salute is not given to the junior and the report is not carried out. When conducting classroom lessons, the command "Attention", "Stand up. Attention" or "Comrade officers" is given before and after each lesson. The command "Attention", "Stand up. Attention" or "Comrade officers" before the report to the commander (chief) is given in the event that other servicemen are present, in their absence, the commander (chief) is only reported.

50. During the performance of the National Anthem, servicemen in the ranks take a marching stance without a command, and unit commanders from the platoon and above, in addition, put their hand to the headdress. Servicemen who are out of order, when performing the anthem, take a marching posture, and when wearing a headdress, they put their hand to it.

51. The command to perform a military salute to military units and subunits is not given:

When a military unit or subunit is raised on alert, on the march, as well as during tactical exercises and exercises;

At control points, communication centers and in places of combat duty (combat service);

At the firing range and firing (starting) position during firing (launches);

At airfields during flights;

During the performance of construction, household work or work for educational purposes, as well as during classes and work in workshops, parks, hangars, laboratories;

During sports and games;

When eating and after the "Hang up" signal until the "Rise" signal;

In the rooms for the sick.

In these cases, the chief or senior only reports to the arriving chief.

For example: "Comrade Major. The 2nd Motorized Rifle Company is performing the second practice shooting exercise. Company Commander Captain Ilyin."

The units participating in the funeral procession do not fulfill the military salute.

52. At ceremonial meetings, conferences held in a military unit, as well as at performances, concerts and in the cinema, a command for a military salute is not given and is not reported to the commander (chief). At general meetings of personnel, the command "Attention" or "Stand up. Attention" is given for a military salute and reported to the commander (chief).

For example: "Comrade Lieutenant Colonel. The personnel of the battalion have arrived at the general meeting. Chief of Staff of the battalion, Major Ivanov."

53. When a commander or a senior addresses individual servicemen, they, with the exception of the sick, take a drill posture and name their position, military rank and surname. When shaking hands, the elder shakes his hand first. If the elder is without gloves, the younger removes the glove from his right hand before shaking hands. Servicemen without a headdress accompany the handshake with a slight tilt of the head.

54. To the greeting of the commander or senior ("Hello, comrades"), all servicemen, who are in the ranks or out of order, answer: "We wish you good health"; if the chief or senior says goodbye ("Goodbye, comrades"), then the servicemen answer: "Goodbye." At the end of the answer, the word "comrade" and the military rank are added without specifying the type of troops or service.

For example, when answering: sergeants, foremen, warrant officers, warrant officers and officers, "Goodbye, comrade junior sergeant", "Goodbye, comrade chief foreman", "We wish good health, comrade warrant officer", "Goodbye, comrade lieutenant", etc. NS.

55. If the commander (chief) congratulates the serviceman or thanks him in the course of service, the soldier answers the commander (chief): "I serve the Fatherland." If the commander (chief) congratulates the military unit (subunit), it responds with a drawn-out three-time "Hurray", and if the commander (chief) thanks, the military unit (subdivision) replies: "We serve the Fatherland."

The procedure for presentation to commanders (chiefs) and persons who arrived for inspection (verification)

56. The senior commander (chief) who has arrived at the military unit is presented only by the unit commander. Other persons introduce themselves only when the senior commander (chief) addresses them directly, naming their military position, military rank and surname.

57. Servicemen are introduced to their immediate superior:

When appointed to a military position;

Upon surrendering a military post;

When assigning a military rank;

When awarded with an order or medal;

When leaving on a business trip, for treatment or on vacation, and upon returning.

Introducing themselves to their immediate superior, servicemen state their military position, military rank, surname and reason for submission.

For example: "Comrade Major. Commander of the 1st Motorized Rifle Company Captain Ivanov. I introduce myself on the occasion of my being awarded the military rank of Captain."

58. Officers and warrant officers, newly appointed to the regiment, are introduced to the regiment commander and then to his deputies, and upon receipt of appointment to the company, to the battalion commander, company commander and their deputies. The regiment commander introduces newly arrived officers to the regiment's officers at the next officers' meeting or regiment formation.

59. When inspecting (checking) a military unit, its commander is presented to the person who has arrived, appointed to lead the inspection (check), if he is in a military rank equal to the commander of the unit, or in rank older than him; if the inspector (inspector) is lower in rank than the commander of the military unit, then he is presented to the commander of the military unit. Before the beginning of the inspection (check), the commander of the military unit presents to the inspector (checker) the commanders of the inspected (checked) subunits.

60. When the inspecting (checking) subdivisions visit, the commanders of these subdivisions meet him and report to him. If the inspector (inspector) arrives at the subunit together with the commander of the military unit, the subunit commander reports to the inspector (inspector) in the event that the latter is of equal military rank with the commander of the military unit or in rank older than him. If during the inspection (check) the senior commander (chief) arrives, the commander of the military unit (subunit) reports to him, and the inspector (inspector) introduces himself.

61. When visiting a military unit (ship) by the President of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and his deputies, the commander-in-chief of the services of the Armed Forces, members of the Government of the Russian Federation, the commander of the military unit (ship) meets, reports and accompanies these persons who arrived at the location of the military unit ( on the ship), and upon arrival at the invitation of the military unit (on the ship) of the participants of the Great Patriotic War, internationalist soldiers, veterans of the Armed Forces, honored workers of science, culture and art, representatives of public organizations of Russia, foreign states and other honorary visitors, the commander of the military part (of the ship) meets them, introduces himself to them and accompanies them without reporting. In memory of the visit of the military unit (ship) by honorary visitors, the Book of Honorary Visitors (Appendix 4) is presented to them for an appropriate record.

62. Upon arrival at a military unit (subdivision) of servicemen to carry out certain service assignments of senior commanders (chiefs), the commander of the military unit (subdivision) is presented only as a senior in military rank. In other cases, the arrivals are presented to the commander of the military unit (subunit) and report on the purpose of their arrival.

63. All instructions of the inspectors (inspectors) or servicemen carrying out individual service assignments of senior commanders (chiefs) are transmitted through the commander of the military unit. The named persons are obliged to inform the commander of the military unit (subdivision) about the results of the inspection (check) or the fulfillment of the official assignment assigned to them. When conducting a survey of military personnel of a military unit (subdivision), the inspectors (auditors) are guided by the requirements of Appendix 8.

Why is military honor given with the right hand?

The norms and rules of military etiquette are very diverse. They are based on the principles of morality and ethics, the provisions of the military oath and military regulations, military traditions and rituals. However, the manifestation of heroism in extreme situations is one thing and the daily observance of the requirements of military etiquette is another. Some of them seem small and therefore unimportant. For example, a military greeting. Let us emphasize a detail worth paying attention to: if earlier this ritual was called "giving military honor", today the military regulations seem to return us to the requirements of noble knights: soul to God, life to fatherland, heart to lady, honor to nobody.
One of the ancient military rituals that have survived to this day is the giving of military honor. In the tsarist army, 2 fingers were applied to a military headdress, in the Soviet and Russian - a palm. This tradition arose in the 13th century among the knights. When, upon meeting in the "open field", they had no intention of engaging in battle, they lifted the pick of their metal helmets. And although later they were replaced by helmets, cocked hats, hats, etc., the custom of bringing your hand to your head as a sign of friendliness has been preserved. When meeting each other, the knights, with a movement of their right hand (and many of us, as before at that time, were right-handed) lifted the visor of the helmet to show that the friend's face was hidden behind the armor. Raising a hand to the headdress, modern military personnel repeat this gesture, paying a debt of courtesy to their colleague in military uniform.
A soldier whose service takes place in the city has many contacts with other people on the street, in public transport, in shops and other public places. With the fast pace of city life, rush at rush hours, crowded streets, he needs intelligent and optimal behavior in a wide variety of street situations. According to etiquette, a man should walk to the left of a woman, a boss or an elderly man, since a place on the right is considered honorable when two people walk down the street. If a woman takes a soldier by the arm, he must be to her right in order to be able to receive a military salute. 200-300 years ago, men did not leave the house without weapons. Each had a saber, rapier or dagger hanging on its left side. On the left, in order to quickly and more conveniently grab the weapon from the scabbard with the right hand. And officials - so even before the end of the last century, they were obliged to wear a sword with their uniforms. And the sword also hung on the left side. So that when walking, the weapon did not hit the companion on the legs, the gentleman tried to walk to the left of the lady. It became a custom. Now only the military carry weapons, and even then not always. Still, it is right for a man to go to the left of a woman, because our people more often disperse to the right, and it’s better that someone on the way accidentally touches you with a shoulder, and not your companion. You, as the stronger one, must protect her. But this rule is not obeyed only by the military when they are in uniform. In order to give a military salute to the oncoming soldiers and not hit the companion with his elbow, the soldier's or officer's right hand must be free. Therefore, it is more convenient for them to go to the left, and not to the right.
There is a beautiful legend that one pirate, when he saw Queen Elizabeth of England, covered his eyes with his hand: "I am blinded by the beauty of your Majesty." And that it was from this time that the custom began - to salute with your hand.

Greetings. Without it, the armies of many states cannot be imagined today. Naturally, the performance of the military salute is strictly regulated. It may also differ depending on the situation. Specifically, we will deal with this military ritual in the article using the example of the Russian army.

What is it?

A military greeting is one of the incarnations of the comradely cohesion of servicemen of a certain state, evidence of their mutual respect for each other, a manifestation of good breeding and politeness.

When overtaking, meeting, it is mandatory for servicemen to perform a military salute strictly according to the rules established by the Combat Regulations of the Russian Armed Forces. At the same time, junior in rank, subordinates are the first to greet the chiefs, senior in rank. If the servicemen are in equal ranks, then the most educated one is the first to greet.

Tribute

For Russian military personnel, the execution of a military salute is mandatory for tribute:

• Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
• Mass graves of servicemen who gave their lives for their homeland.
• The national flag of Russia.
• Combat banner of his military unit. And also the Naval flag upon arrival / departure on the ship.
• Funeral processions accompanied by military units.

In the ranks

When in the ranks, the execution of a military salute for units and subunits is mandatory also in such cases:

• Greetings from the President of the Russian Federation.
• Greetings from the marshals of the Russian Federation, generals of the army, colonel-generals and admirals and admirals of the fleet.
• Greetings from all direct superiors, as well as persons appointed to manage inspections (inspections) of this military unit.
• Greetings of persons who have come to the military unit for the presentation of the Battle Banner and / and state awards.

How is the military salute in the ranks performed in front of the indicated persons? The following algorithm is followed:

1. The senior soldier in rank says the following: "Attention! Alignment to the right (in the middle, to the left)!"
2. Then he meets the aforementioned persons and reports to them (for example): "Comrade Colonel-General, the 50th Tank Regiment has been built for the regimental general verification. The regiment commander is Colonel Ivanov."

If there is a formation of a military unit with the State flag or the Battle banner (drill review, parade, swearing-in), then the report should mention the full name of the military unit (military unit), as well as list the orders and honorary awards assigned to it.

In move

Performing a military salute on the move is necessary when military units meet with each other. It is also performed as a tribute to:

• Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
• Mass graves of servicemen who gave their lives for the Fatherland.
• State Russian flag.
• The battle banner of its own military unit.
• The naval flag on the ship during its descent and ascent.
• Funeral processions accompanied by military units.

In the ranks on the spot

Now about the implementation of the military salute in the ranks on the spot. It is necessary in the following cases:

• Greetings from the President of the Russian Federation.
• Greetings from the chairman of the Russian government.
• Greetings from the Minister of Defense.

When performing a military salute on the spot, the orchestra performs the State Russian Anthem, as well as the composition "Oncoming March".

If a military unit greets its direct superior, as well as persons sent to check this military unit, who have arrived to present a state award or combat knowledge, then the musicians play only the "Counter March".

Out of order

We continue to analyze the military greeting and the procedure for its implementation. When out of order (for example, while completing assignments or in their free time from this activity), servicemen greet their direct superiors by "At attention" or "Stand at attention".

At headquarters, only direct management will be welcomed, as well as persons appointed to inspect the unit.

At meetings, in off-line classes, where only officers are present, "Comrade Officers" is used to greet the commanders.

"Attention", "Comrade officers", "Stand at attention" is said by the eldest of the present chiefs or the one of the servicemen who first saw the superior commander.

1. At this command, all those present must stand up and turn towards the arriving chief, the commander.
2. The servicemen are taking a stance. With the available headdress, raise the right hand to it.
3. The eldest of all those present is obliged to approach the commander and read the report.
4. Having accepted the report, the commander (serviceman-chief) gives one of two commands: "Comrades officers" or "Freely".
5. The soldier who presented the report must repeat this command for everyone present.
6. Then the servicemen accept the command "Freely". The hand is removed from the headdress.
7. The servicemen act further on the command of the arriving commander.

Performance of the National Anthem

When playing the National Anthem, the following procedures are introduced:

• The servicemen who are in the ranks must take a marching posture without a command. In this case, the platoon commander (and above) must also put his hand to the headdress.
• If servicemen are out of line, at the sound of the anthem, they must take a marching posture. When wearing a headdress, you need to put a hand on it.

Special cases

Consider also the special cases typical of the Russian army:

Command not given

The execution of a military salute in the ranks, in motion, outside the ranks is not always carried out. There are several cases when it is not required:

• When a military unit is raised on alert, on marches, during exercises and various tactical exercises.
• At communication centers, command posts, in places of military service (or duty).
• At the starting firing position, at the firing range during launches, as well as firing.
• During flights at military airfields.
• In continuation of work and studies in hangars, workshops, parks, laboratories. And also when performing such work for educational purposes.
• During games and sports.
• When the servicemen eat food.
• After the "Release" command and before the "Ascend" command.
• In the rooms for the sick.

Performing a military salute without a weapon is not necessary here. In these cases, the following takes place: the senior soldier reports to the arriving chief. For example: "Comrade Major! The third motorized rifle unit is performing the first practice shooting exercise. Unit commander Petrov."

If the unit is involved in the funeral procession, it also does not perform the greeting.

A military salute is the observance of a special ritual for important occasions. Has its own characteristics in various situations. There are times when his work is not required.