"Hydroponic growing of vegetables
in the polar boarding school "
Project summary:
exploring opportunities and organizing
greenhouse facilities
in a polar boarding school
Draft prepared:
pupils 9 in class Tusida Vitalina Sergeevna, Vanuito Tatyana Eduardovna, teacher of geography Pasynkova Marina Valterovna, head of project work
Name of educational institution / place of work - Municipal budget educational institution "Seyakhinskaya boarding school"
Name of the municipality- Yamal region
Name of the settlement- Seyakha village
2015 year
Content
one . Introduction……………………………………………………………………….3
2. Main part
2.1. Justification of the relevance of the project ……………………………………… .4
2.2. Goals and objectives of the project ……………………. …………………………… ...… ..4
2.3. Terms of project implementation ……………………………… .. …………… ...… ..4
2.4. Contents of the project …………………………………………………… .5-8
project implementation plan
project management scheme within the territory
2.5. Used and required resources ……………………………… ..… .... 9
2.6. Methods of assessment (criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the project) ……….…… 9
2.7.Results, project development prospects, long-term effect.…. 10
3. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………20
Introduction
AND 
the history of the Seyakhinsky boarding school begins in the 30s of the XX century. The school of that time does not in any way resemble the present one: a narrow dark corridor, on the left - classrooms, on the right - the dining room and rooms where teachers live; temporary stoves; in classrooms, homemade lamps with glasses from cans. The first pupils, under the dim light of a kerosene lamp and under the crackle of a homemade stove, with clumsy hands drew the first handwritten words in their lives on the priceless paper of school notebooks.
At that time there were traveling teachers who, together with the "Red Chum", toured the tundra and taught tundra people, adults and children to read and write. The "Red Chum" existed for ten years - from 1943 to 1953. In 1956 a new school building was built. All this time the school remained elementary. The transition to eight-year school began in 1967, and the first graduation took place in 1972. There were only five graduates. In 1977, it was decided to make the Seyakhin boarding school an average.
WITH 
Today MBOU "Seyakhinskaya ShI" is a modern educational institution, in which, taking into account the priority directions of development of the education system of the country and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, an integral strategic line of development has been built. The collective of the boarding school implements the model of a social park as a mechanism for increasing the socio-cultural performance of the general education of the boarding school of the Far North. Socio-pedagogical mission of the boarding school - creation of sufficient and necessary educational conditions for the social success of students and graduates of the boarding school
.
As part of the development program, the idea of "technological parks" was transferred to the social sphere for testing, introducing and using social technologies in the educational process that help expand the social and role repertoire of students, ensure the successful socialization of boarding school graduates, and also use the capabilities of the educational institution to solve socially significant problems of society.
Thus, MBOU "Seyakhinskaya SHI" is a well-thought-out, modern and future-oriented sociopark. All conditions have been created here in order to improve education, develop curiosity, research skills, and creativity.
2. Main part
2.1. Justification relevance of the project
Today, 536 students study at the Seyakhinsky boarding school, of whom 474 are representatives of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North (Nenets), 56% of them live in comfortable and modern boarding school buildings. Most of the students to graduate from school have an idea of the world around them, but not all children, even studying in grade 11, traveled outside the village, tundra and in reality saw cities, villages, groves, oak forests or pine forests, not all students imagine how potatoes grow or tomatoes. Those. there are students who have only theoretical knowledge in many sections of biology, while children from central Russia, even without studying these sections at school, have great knowledge of botany, because they learned it in everyday life. Therefore, we decided to find out how our peers and teachers would react to the fact that in the conditions of the boarding school, work was organized to equip a small but modern greenhouse, in which it was possible to conduct botany classes, get acquainted with modern hydroponic equipment, new “green technologies "Used in agronomy.
Relevance of the present project in the possibility of:
- organization of environmental education for schoolchildren;
- involving students in the system of modern financial and economic relations (the basics of agricultural technology, scientific and experimental work);
- the formation of social and labor competencies of schoolchildren, with the subsequent professional self-determination of students on the basis of specialized education;
and the demand from children, their parents, teachers.
2.2. Objective of the project:
Creation of a project for a greenhouse corner "Hydroponic greenhouse" for conducting extracurricular activities for students of environmental orientation.
Project objectives:
To explore the possibilities of creating a greenhouse corner in a boarding school.
Analyze the experience of domestic and foreign hydroponic growing of vegetables.
Form an information base for project development
Create a greenhouse project.
2.3. Terms of project implementation - 2014-2015 y.y.
2.4. Content of the project justifying the feasibility of the decision
Problems
When solving 1 problem, we decided to study the possibilities of creating a greenhouse corner in a boarding school... For this in In February 2014, we conducted a survey (questionnaire survey) in order to find out the possibility of organizing a greenhouse in the recreation of a boarding school. Having questioned 202 people, we learned that 62% of children had heard about greenhouses, but they doubt that a greenhouse can be organized in a boarding school, 37% of students believe that in "our greenhouse" it would be possible to grow cucumbers, dill, tomatoes for the needs of boarding school canteens, 30% of the children surveyed were clearly interested in the presence of a circle associated with the greenhouse economy. When analyzing the questionnaires, it was possible to find out that primary and middle school students are more interested in the greenhouse. In addition, it is precisely those children who have never seen how vegetables are grown (i.e., children of indigenous nationality) who want to study in such a circle.
Thus, after conducting a small study, we concluded that such an ecological direction as the creation of a greenhouse corner in a boarding school would be relevant for children in grades 1-6. Moreover, training according to the new state standards implies that additional education (circles) must meet the new requirements. In addition, we assume that working in a greenhouse, carrying out the simplest experiments, economic calculations, will interest some of the students, and will help some of them choose a further professional path in life.
For the implementation of the "Hydroponic Greenhouse" project, we noted a room in which, subsequently, a greenhouse could be placed.
With this idea, we turned to the director of the boarding school, discussed the idea, received recommendations and approval for the creation of the project.
For the project of a greenhouse with hydroponic irrigation, we were promised a recreation area of 45.5 square meters.
IN 
on the Internet, we found the necessary literature (the magazine "Hydroponics in Russia and the CIS countries", "Manual on hydroponics" by Keith Roberto, the book "Growing plants without soil", V.A. Chesnokova, etc.) and recommendations for the use of equipment that we offer place in recreation.
Also on the Internet, we found the cost and variety of the equipment that the authors of the hydroponics manuals recommended to us. Based on domestic and foreign experience in growing plants, we have placed in paper format the equipment necessary for the construction and operation of the greenhouse.
Greenhouse equipment layout
Briefly about the essence of the project "Hydroponic greenhouse"
When implementing the project "Hydroponic greenhouse" equipment is placed in recreation: hydroponic installations for growing greenery and seedlings, flowers for landscaping a boarding school, as well as special containers with a coconut substrate placed in them, which are used for growing vegetables. Purchased racks are built in on the left side, containers with coconut substrate are installed on the racks. On the right, on the benches, is a hydroponic plant. Agro-lighting fixtures are fixed on the walls, which are used to supply the plants with the light of the desired spectrum. Air purification and humidification system, infrared heaters-panels with a thermostat, will create the desired atmosphere in the room. In addition, the recreation room will be covered with a glass partition - doors of the required strength and composition. The green corner will not only beautify recreation, but also arouse interest and desire to work in the greenhouse. After all, students who receive additional knowledge in the "Parnichok" circle will participate in the development of "green" technologies (a topical environmental direction). Plants grown using hydroponics (in test tubes on a nutritious substrate) propagate by cuttings, under conditions of controlled photosynthesis (agro-lamps). This technology is characterized by the fact that the development of plants is much faster and safer than in natural conditions, because in sterile vessels no viral or bacterial infection is terrible for the roots of plants, and this helps to minimize production costs and increase the profitability of the process of growing vegetables.
Project implementation plan
Modeling, goal setting, determination of tactics,
organizational stage (autumn 2014)
Events
Timing
Content
Responsible
Discussion
September 2014
Creation of a working group to work in the project.
Analysis of domestic and foreign experience in hydroponic growing of vegetables, formation of an information base for project development.
Exploring the possibilities of a boarding school to create a greenhouse corner
Determination of the main areas of work, the necessary material, technical, methodological and human resources
Working group:
Tushida Vitalina, Vanuito Tatiana, students of the 9th grade
Pasynkova M.V., Deputy Director for Scientific and Methodological Work
Organizational stage
October December
2014
Internet search for building materials and special equipment for equipping a greenhouse corner
Working group
Project creation, (January-March 2015)
Project creation
January-March 2015
Working group
Replenishment of the material and technical base of the methodological support of the UVP (in the case of sponsorship)
During the 2014-2015 academic year
Search on the Internet and, if possible, order:
Boarding school administration
shelving, benches, infrared heater-panel, thermostat, agricultural lighting, air purification and humidification systems
modular hydroponic drip irrigation system, set of fertilizers for hydroponics
coconut substrate in a set with fertilizers for coconut substrate, agroperlite
teaching aids, textbooks, EORs for teachers and students
Development of a work plan for a circle of extracurricular activities of an environmental focus
Biology educators
Result: organizational work was completed, a working group was formed to ensure the creation of the project, priorities were defined for creating a greenhouse project, the necessary equipment was found, the project was designed
Plan for working out the next steps in the case of setting up a hydroponic greenhouse
Elaboration of legal issues and all necessary documents (lawyer of the boarding school).
Development of the design of the appearance of a hydroponic greenhouse.
Development of estimates for the equipment of a hydroponic greenhouse.
Conclusion of contracts for the purchase and transportation of goods.
Selection of teaching staff.
Purchase and equipment of a hydroponic greenhouse.
Acceptance of the SES facility by the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the launch of the facility.
Branding
Launching a page on the boarding school website
Required documentation for the operation of the facility
Adding the object to the Boarding School License.
SES permit
Permission of the Ministry of Emergency Situations
Regulations on the infrastructure "Ecological center - hydroponic greenhouse" in the conditions of the polar boarding school.
Other local acts concerning the functioning of the object.
The main parameters of the object "Hydroponic greenhouse"
Demand, compactness, comfort.
Cheapness.
Originality and attractiveness.
Mobility (if desired, the idea can be extended to the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug).
Budget of the project "Hydroponic greenhouse"
Equipment type
Quantity
The cost of each item
total cost
Dismountable technological rack СТР-224
1200x500x1830
15 371
61484
Wardrobe bench SG-1000
2740
13 700
Infrared panel heater, STEP-800 1.8x 0.59
4800
9600
Thermostat (for heating panels) ТР 710
2990
5980
Agro-lamp T8 8x18W
7000.00 rub.
21 000
Air purification and humidification system "Panasonic" F-VXD50R
24 900
24 900
Stepladder, 3 steps
1317
1317
Stationary partition NAYADA-Standart
30000
30000
UGro Pot 9 - coconut substrate
200
420
84000
Fertilizer set for coconut substrate (300 l of water)
Hesi Coco Starter
RUB 3000.00
9000
Agroperlite (baking powder for soil or substrate) - 2 kg
229 rbl
11450
Modular hydroponic drip irrigation system.
Number of seats: 24
DutchPot System Hydro 2m 2 GHE
L220 / W100 / H67cm Seats: 24
38900
77800
Hesi Hydro Starter - a set of fertilizers for hydroponics
RUB 3000
9000 p.
Dry fertilizers -
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer 13:19:19 1 kg
120 rbl
120 rbl
Fertilizer Azofosk 16:16:16 1 kg
120 rbl
120 rbl
Fertilizer Diammofosk 10:26:26 1 kg
140 rbl
140 rbl
Fertilizer Urea 1 kg
120 rbl
120 rbl
Fertilizer Ammonium nitrate 1 kg
100 rbl
100 rbl
Fertilizer Ammonium sulfate 1 kg
80 rbl
80 rbl
Fertilizer Potassium sulfate (Potassium sulfate) 1 kg
220 rbl
220 rbl
Fertilizer Superphosphate 1 kg
130 rbl
130 rbl
1030
Total
360 261 RUB
From the hema of project management within the territory
Basic control parameters:
Security
organization, economy of the expected result;
activity, predictability (the ability to predict their actions in relation to the environment), democracy;
monitoring, planning, organization, control.
Design activity
study of the opinion of the participants of the UVP;
formulation of goals, objectives;
project development;
forecasting results;
development of criteria and a mechanism for evaluating the result
Monitoring
dynamics of readiness to visit the "Parnichok" circle;
quality of education
in biology in subsequent grades;
questioning
Security
work
creative team for project development, program implementation
mug
Implementation of the project
Educators-consultants;
EXPECTED PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION RESULT
Reflexive activity
Provision, control of the administration over project activities
2.5. Resources used and necessary to support the project:
a) human resources
Working group developing the project:
Tusida Vitalina, 9c grade student
Vanuito Tatiana, 9c grade student
Pasynkova M.V. - Deputy Director for NMR, teacher of geography
Working group ready to work in the project as part of extracurricular activities:
Nekrasova L.N., teacher of biology, chemistry
Zolotareva M.I., teacher of biology, chemistry
Murzakhmetova G.Zh., Deputy Director for AHP
Maryik E.S., lawyer at the boarding school
Information about the main executors of the project
FULL NAME.
Position in the project
Duties
Place of work, study
Pasynkova Marina Valterovna
Project manager, advisory assistance
Provision of all informative materials necessary for the implementation of the project, study of documents, discussions with participants, provision of advisory assistance
Deputy Director for Scientific and Methodological Work, Geography Teacher
Tusida Vitalina
Project creator
Greenhouse project development using modern "green technologies"
9c grade student
Vanuito Tatiana
Project creator
Greenhouse project development using modern "green technologies"
9c grade student
b) methodological support
manuals for greenhouse management, educational and popular science literature, etc.
c) material and technical and information support
Premises that could be used during the implementation of the project:
recreation for the equipment of greenhouses, a toilet room, a workshop, a vegetable storehouse for a school canteen, a biology and chemistry room, a computer class with Internet access.
Equipment that could be used during the project implementation:
multimedia equipment, necessary for work in the greenhouse, inventory, music center, digital camera, video camera.
2.6. Evaluation methods (criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the project)
Monitoring
Name
2016
2017
2018
Positive dynamics of readiness to visit the "Parnichok" circle.
Questionnaire
30%
32%
35%
Positive dynamics of the quality of teaching in biology in subsequent grades
35%
40%
50%
Increased positive feedback on the project Hydroponic greenhouse
50%
55%
60%
Questioning about the significance of the project, about the attitude of parents, teachers and the public to the project
60%
70%
80%
Risks (conditions of occurrence, methods of elimination)
Among the main factors that can affect the results of the introduction and implementation of the project are the following:
Risk factor
Possible ways of resolution
Deficit of budgetary financing of the boarding school's economic activities
search for sponsorship
attracting additional material resources to the issue through the participation of the project in grant events at different levels
attracting sponsorship through advertising activities about the progress of the project (media of the boarding school, Yamal district, district media)
Lack of necessary premises
refusal to provide the necessary premises by the boarding school administration
Lack of positive support from the parental community
Conducting outreach work with parents and the public through speaking on school television and on the website of the school, district, district
2.7. R results, project development prospects, long-term effect
In the case of a positive decision and material support for our project, the boarding school would organize the work of the Ecological Center infrastructure in a new direction - the development of green technologies in a polar boarding school. This direction is currently relevant, because when implementing the project "Hydroponic greenhouse", grown plants are propagated by cuttings, grown in test tubes on a nutrient substrate, under conditions of controlled photosynthesis.
This technology is characterized by the fact that the development of plants using hydroponics is much faster and safer than in natural conditions, because in sterile vessels, no viral or bacterial infection is terrible for the roots of plants, and this helps to minimize production costs and increase the profitability of the process of growing vegetables.
Further implementation of the project according to the plan is carried out by a team of biology teachers. The teachers have developed a program of extracurricular activities for students "GREEN CHOK", as well as didactic materials.
Thus, the boarding school will create conditions for the development of high-quality environmental education. Pupils, studying in the "GREENNICHOK" circle, will receive primary social and labor competencies, with can navigatethe basics of agricultural technology, will trained in the simplest techniques of growing plants in a hydroponic garden ... In addition, it is important that boarding school canteens will receive additional fortified food - fresh vegetables and greens that rarely come to the table of schoolchildren.
The ability to use the project by other members of the EP
The proposed model can be used by other schools.
In case of financial support from sponsors, the project can be implemented, because for the implementation of this direction, there are all resources, except material ones.
purpose:
Research objectives:
The relevance of research:
Object of study:
Subject of study:
Practical significance:
Methods used
View document content
"Research work" hydroponics in the service of the grower ""
Don Academy of Sciences for Young Researchers. Yu Zhdanova
Research work
Topic: Hydroponics to help the florist
FI of the student: Baranova Ekaterina
Head: teacher of biology and chemistry Kuznetsova Larisa Anatolyevna
Rostov Region Kamensky District
farm Malaya Kamenka
Introduction ………………………………………………………………… ... 3
Main part
What is hydroponics ………………………………………… 4
The history of hydroponics ………………………………………… .4-5
Growing plants using hydroponics ……………… .6
creation of your own hydroponic plant ……………… ..6
Growing indoor plants in hydroponic plants ... 7
Germination of seeds on foam rubber ………………………………… ..7
Conclusion. Conclusions …………………………………………………… 8
References ………………………………………………… ..19
Appendices …………………………………………………………… 10-13
Introduction
In the children's encyclopedia I was interested in the "Seven Wonders of the World" section, especially the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. How does this "wonder of the world" work? Are there any analogues of hanging gardens in the modern world? With these questions, I approached my biology teacher and we began our investigation.
It turned out that the gardens of Semiramis are based on the hydroponic method. This method is poorly studied in our farm, one might say, has not been studied at all. Then I set myself purpose:
study hydroponics in practice and work out the algorithm of actions, the technology of growing flower crops in hydroponics.
Research objectives:
1) Get acquainted with the history of the emergence of hydroponics and its application today;
2) Study the ways and methods of growing plants without soil;
3) Make your own hydroponic vessels for growing plants. 4) Conduct experiments on growing plant seedlings using hydroponics.
The relevance of research: Using hydroponics, you can grow seedlings for the garden and flower beds.
Object of study: green corner of the office of biology.
Subject of study: branches of pelargonium and coleus, petunia seeds.
Practical significance: The results of this study can be used to grow garden and flower crops from small seeds that rarely germinate in open ground.
Methods used: comparison, observation, experiment.
What is hydroponics?
The word "hydroponics" in Greek means "water and work". In science, "hydroponics" is a method of growing plants without soil, in which the plant receives from the solution all the necessary nutrients in the right quantities and in precise proportions.
The use of hydroponics reduces the cost of soil cultivation, protection from pests and weeds. Using landless substrates allows you to grow more plants in a limited area. Water and fertilizers are used more efficiently due to their repeated use.
Vegetable products grown by greenhouse complexes are of high quality, low nitrate content in comparison with vegetables grown in the same season in traditional greenhouses.
2. The history of hydroponics.
It is believed that soilless methods of plant cultivation are the brainchild of modern technologies. Yes, indeed, these are technologies of the future, successfully developed in different countries, but it is worth remembering the proverb: the new is the well forgotten old ... One of the seven wonders of the world has not survived to this day - the hanging gardens built by Nebuchadnezzar for his wife, Semiramis. These blooming gardens were a miracle not only because they were in a hot desert and were striking in their size ... According to the very few eyewitness accounts that have come down to our time, we can conclude that primitive active hydroponic systems... As substrate a mixture of earth and stones was used, such hydroculture… Descriptions of the recipe nutrient solution- has not survived, unfortunately.
But, even at that distant time, groundless methods were not an absolute innovation ... In the ancient Sumerian "Epic of Gilgamesh", which is considered one of the first written sources that have come down to our time, there are references to such systems. Of course with a stretch, but - they can be called hydroponic... The first to think about how plants eat is Aristotle. In any case, he penned the works where he tried to explain this process. Aristotle argued that plants receive the necessary food in the final (already organic) form, touching upon this issue only by the way substances move along the plant trunk. Then, for many centuries, there was a pause in the study of plant nutrition. Until a Dutch scientist began to experimentally study this issue Johann Baptist Van Helmont(1575 - 1642). Professor of medicine John Woodward(1665 - 1828), apparently, was the first to carry out and describe the cultivation, which is closest to the definition - hydroponics ... The German agrochemist who put an end to the disputes and called things by their proper names Justus von Liebig(1803-1873). He stated the following: "Plant organisms, or, therefore, organic compounds, are a means of nourishing and maintaining the life of people and animals. The source of nutrition for plants, on the contrary, is inorganic nature." This is how the basis of our modern agrochemistry was created, and the direction of its further development was indicated in Liebig's statement: "Now that the conditions necessary for the soil to be fertile and capable of supporting plant life have been clarified, no one will probably want to deny that further progress in agriculture, you can only expect from chemistry. "
It was originally believed that soilless plant growing methods- exclusively the prerogative of experimental laboratories, this can only arouse interest among scientists - as an entertaining way.
Probably the largest of them was created at the Soviet fruit-growing institute on the initiative of the "Russian Liebig" - prof. D.N. Pryanishnikova... The results of the work of this significant scientific installation were practically implemented by the Soviet polar expedition already in 1937.Since 1936, the method hydroponics began to grow vegetable and flower plants in greenhouses in our country.
Everything in the world goes to what hydroponics (
hydroculture
HYPERLINK "http://gidroponika.com/"
)
, against the background of general half-starved existence (in a global sense) - the future, and - very promising. There are several companies in Russia that have been in this specialized market for a long time.
3 making a hydroponic plant
Experience number 1.
It was decided to grow the planting material of pelargonium using the hydroponic method. But for comparison, we took three types of substrate: washed expanded clay, peat and ordinary earthen soil. Target of this experiment: to reveal the role of soil in plant development.
I decided to conduct a research and make a hydroponic installation with my own hands (Appendix 1).
To do this, I took ordinary plastic bottles and cut off the bottom of them.
Turning the cut bottle upside down with a new, wide hole, I installed it in the cut bottom, like a stable tray. To ventilate the root system with an awl, I made many holes near the cork.
I placed freshly cut shoots of pelargonium in expanded clay, peat, soil. All growing vessels are made in the same way described earlier. By conducting this experiment, we greatly risk the life of our escapes. In early spring, the plants do not take root well, since in the biology room it ranges from 13 0 to 16 0 C. After seven days in hydroponic installations, all plants feel great. After the weekend, the plant in the soil gave new, real leaves, and the hydroponic plant did not see any changes in the soil from above, dry. We removed the shoot of their expanded clay substrate - we observe the appearance of small roots. There are no signs of decay.
Conclusion: Plants grown hydroponically do great without the soil we are used to. The plant feels best in a peat substrate. Even at low temperatures, roots appeared in a week for germination.
Experience number 2(Appendix No. 2)
In order for the short shoots to take root, I made a second hydroponic setup.
Take an aqueous humate solution, a used juice container, two plastic cups, a cotton wick, and scissors.
2) In the juice packaging, cut out two holes according to the diameter of the plastic cup, for installing the cups in them.
3) In a plastic cup we make a hole for installing a wick into it.
4) We make a wick 10 cm long, at one end we tie a knot and
we put it into the hole in the glass. We insert the finished cups into the holes in the box.
5) Pour expanded clay and peat into the cups. Gently insert freshly cut coleus shoots into cups.
6) Pour the juice pack with the nutrient solution through the hole.
A week later, we observe an increase in length at the shoots. There are no signs of decay. When extracting on the shoots, we see two new roots.
Conclusion: short shoots of houseplants can be easily grown hydroponically even in less favorable conditions in a cold room.
Experience number 3
The third hydroponic plant was created for growing planting material from small seeds that do not germinate well in the open field. I make this installation out of a box of plastic, automotive sponge and mineral water. (Appendix # 3)
Pour mineral water into a plastic box. Dip a sponge into the box and pour small petunia seeds on top. To create a favorable microclimate, cover the system with a thin cling film on top. We install the system on the windowsill. After three days, we observe the germinated seeds. Germination rate is 100%. Germination times in a hydroponic setup are greatly reduced compared to open field germination.
Conclusion: In a hydroponic plant, you can grow small flowering plant seeds and transfer them outdoors.
Conclusion. Conclusions.
Through research, I found out:
When growing plants at home, hydroponics can be successfully used, especially in the winter, when food should be moderate and evaporation is not great.
When growing planting flower materials at home, you can successfully use hydroponics.
With hydroponics, planting material can be grown from small seeds that germinate faster than outdoors and more efficiently.
Using hydroponics, you can grow an environmentally friendly product all year round. But at the same time, the hydroponics method is more "capricious" than the soil one.
the hydroponic method is more economical in relation to the water consumption of the plants.
Empirically, I have established:
1) When grown hydroponically, it grows healthier and much faster than in soil;
2) Plant roots do not dry out and receive a sufficient amount of oxygen;
3) Problems such as soil pests and diseases disappear;
Home hydroponics methods deserve to take an important place among all other growing methods. Do-it-yourself plants are an improvement in the ecology of the home.
List of used literature
Vakhmistrov D. "Plants without soil", Moscow; "Children's Literature", 1961
Zeltser E. "Hydroponics for Amateurs", Moscow; "Kolos", 1965
rostok.fansportal.ru › gidroponika-eto-prosto /
fermer.ru ›forum / zakrytyi-grunt ... gidroponika/52284
gidroponika.com ›content / section / 9/237
u-woman.ru › gidroponika.htm
Annex 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Growing greens at home with a hydroponic installation "Home Garden" Project leader: Tamara Mikhailovna Ismailova Completed by: Alexander Saveliev, student of grade 5 "D"
Purpose: to identify the benefits of growing food greens using hydroponics in a school setting
Hypothesis: growing food greens using the hydroponic method has several advantages over the soil method.
Relevance Currently, we have the opportunity to see a large assortment of products on the shelves, including salads and herbs. But, unfortunately, the greens and salads bought in the store lose their freshness the next day, and in another day, most often, they can already be thrown away. Well, if it's ordinary parsley or dill, but if it's basil, thyme or mint for tea? Finding them in good condition in the store is not easy, and they are not cheap. In addition, these types of greens are used little by little, and you have to buy packages, the rest of the contents of which are simply thrown away as a result. Growing these greens on our own, and even in hydroponic installations, we can cut it as we consume it, without harming either the quality of the product or the plant itself.
Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, in which the plant receives from the solution all the necessary nutrients in the right quantities and exact proportions (which is almost impossible to achieve with soil growing). You can use a bucket or flower pot filled with substrate and irrigate with a hydroponic solution. A sheet of polystyrene with holes in which the pots are inserted floats on the surface of the water in a bath of aerated solution - also hydroponics, and this system is very popular for simple educational school projects. But, thanks to the Kurchatov project, we were able to use a special hydroponic installation, Domashny Sad.
In order to complete the practical part of the project, we studied a lot of information from various sites on the Internet, in which people who are keen on the hydroponics method shared their experience and gave recommendations. Of course, literary sources were selected. We especially had to study specifically the installation "Home Garden"
We have assembled the Home Garden installations in advance, according to the available instructions. COMPLETE SET Sterile substrate (perlite) for one cultivation cycle Lettuce seeds A set of fertilizers for non-fertile plants. Seed devices (pots) Transparent plastic caps to create a greenhouse effect during the germination period Grow lamp
Each pot was filled with perlite (white granules that come with the unit).
To compare and reveal the benefits of hydroponically grown plants, we sowed the seeds of the same plants into the ground in a plastic pot. To organize the same conditions in all parameters, except for the presence of soil, we put this pot in the “Home Garden” device, replacing the bowl with water with a pot of soil.
We covered the seeds with lids with mini greenhouses and did not remove them until the seeds germinate. This will create a greenhouse effect for the seed germination period. Set the desired operating mode of the settings on the panel: "Salad". All plants (experimental and control groups) were placed under the same conditions: in the laboratory's office of biology at the school.
After three days, the seeds began to germinate. When sprouts appear, the mini-greenhouses must be removed and stored until the next seed germination (they are reusable).
In three weeks we got our harvest.
Conclusions The salad in the "Home Garden" installation grows several times faster. Rapid growth is due to adherence to growing technology. With a hydroponic growing method, plants do not have to compete for nutrients as they do with soil growing, they get everything they need from a nutrient solution.
Conclusion By observing the growth and development of the plants of the project, we have become convinced that hydroponics as a method is very promising. Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, which allows you to save the resources of the planet that are so necessary today: water and soil. We are ready to continue our research and grow various types of edible greens, vegetables and flowering plants.
Kazimirova Vlada student of secondary school № "24 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
this work attracts attention by its name. since the chosen topic is not compulsory in the school curriculum.
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Federal state educational institution
"Secondary School No. 24 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation"
NOMINATION
Unsolved problems and how to solve them
Research work
"Hydroponics. Or how to feed humanity "
Volsk-18
2011 r.
1 The future belongs to high agricultural technologies! ........................................... 3
2 And so hydroponics! ............................................. ...................................eight
3 First information about soilless methods …………. …… ..… ..… ..… 10
4 Further study of hydroponic systems ………… .. …… ..… ..… ... 11
5 Modern development of hydroponic methods ……….…. ………… ... 12
6 Development of hydroponic cultivation in Russia ………. ……. ……… 13
7 Hydroponics at home or vegetable garden on the windowsill …………… ...… ..… .14
8 Practical work or hydroponics for a beginner ……….… ..16
8.1 Making a hydroponic plant, preparing the substrate and nutrient solution ………………………………………………… .... …… 16
8.2 Report on the cultivation of cucumber in hydroponics …………………….… 22
9 Conclusions ……………………………………………………… ........… ..27
10 Literature ……………………………………………………….… .28
1 The future belongs to high agricultural technologies!
Humanity is threatened with hunger again. According to the UN forecasts, confirmed today by the President of the World Bank, the number of the poor and hungry in the world will grow rapidly in the coming years. Lack of food or their exorbitant cost have already caused dozens of riots around the world. Experts suggest that it is food that may become a more important factor in world politics than energy resources.
Food prices will only rise. And more and more people on the planet will starve. Hunger has found a "new face". This is not an ancient prophecy, but an official statement by Nancy Roman, Director of the UN World Food Program.
The situation is similar in dozens of countries. Somewhere people are already dying, somewhere else they are trying to come up with something. According to official UN estimates, there are now 73 million hungry people in the world. Meanwhile, many governments are imposing bans on food exports to stem the tide of price hikes at home. However, this hardly contributes to world stabilization. About 3 billion dollars allocated by the West to fight world hunger are also unable to solve the problem. In a critical situation, the UN is pinning its hopes on Russia and Ukraine. After all, Russia once fed half of Europe.
Our land resources are colossal: there is almost a hectare (0.87 hectares) of arable land and 0.53 hectares of natural forage per person. And despite the fact that, in general, the climate of our country for agriculture is not the best (even in agricultural areas, two-thirds of the territory is in conditions of either a lack of heat or a lack of moisture), with a skillful selection of crops, it is possible to feed not only the current population of the country, but and another 30-40 million people.
However, there are a number of objective problems that greatly impede, and in some cases do not allow at all, to increase food production in Russia.
For starters, most of the fertile land is already in use, and farmers have to reclaim more and more areas from nature where little grows. The land often responds by taking good land: in the last half century alone, due to soil degradation, agricultural productivity has decreased by 13%.
Many pesticides, thanks to which the yield increases, lose their effectiveness: insects develop immunity to them.
Another major deterrent is water. 17% of all cultivated land in Russia is irrigated artificially; they grow from 30 to 40% of the total crop, however, in many regions of the country, water deficit is becoming more and more evident.
Scientists of biotechnology in Russia, in principle, can offer a second green revolution, for example, by breeding drought-resistant plants or varieties that are not afraid of rodents and insects.
However, this is also a major challenge, stemming not least from the fear that biotechnology could contribute to the erosion of genetic resources in the thousands of traditional varieties cultivated on small farms across the country.
Another problem is the irrational use of space. In total, we use only about 12% of the total area of the country for growing crops and grazing livestock. For this, we have already cut down a third of all forests in Russia and plowed up a quarter of all natural meadows. Another several hundred thousand hectares are occupied by urban and built-up areas.
In addition, given the large extent of the territory of our country, the problem of transporting the grown crop to the consumer is very acute.
All of the above casts doubt on the possibility of solving in the near future the problem of ensuring food security facing humanity through the development of traditional industrial agriculture.
But there is a solution. It is based on the use of high agricultural technologies.
Oddly enough it may seem, but the goal of the development of high agricultural technologies is to end industrial agriculture in the future and abandon the cultivation of land altogether. All food will be produced in low-space agro-factories, with production efficiency several times higher than with current farming methods. In other words, agriculture should turn into agro-factories.
What does it do? This has several important benefits. Firstly, agro-factories can be located anywhere, including in the center of megacities, which makes it possible to create a completely different food market than it is now. Secondly, highly productive agricultural production can be created in countries that have extremely unfavorable conditions for farming, for example, in the Arctic, or in the desert zone. Russia, if it puts on agricultural factories, can permanently end both its dependence on harsh natural conditions and food imports.
Modern high agricultural technologies, when applied on a large scale, can lead to major, revolutionary changes in food production. The necessary groundwork has already been created, and the development of a new, high-tech agriculture is hindered only by prejudices and inability to look to the future.
For the production of food in general, by and large, land and arable land are not needed, chernozem is not needed. The soil is a support for plants, and a store of nutrients that plants receive in a dissolved form. This circumstance has long led scientists to the idea that it is possible to grow plants without soil at all, so that the root system develops in water, which already contains all the necessary nutrients. This plant growing system is called hydroponics. Six types of hydroponics have been developed, on the basis of which hundreds of hydroponic systems have been developed. Subsequently, aeroponics appeared, that is, growing plants in a humid atmosphere, in which moisture also contains nutrients.
The idea has a very long origin, since hydroponics, one way or another, was used by the Babylonians and Aztecs. The theory of hydroponics was developed in the late 1930s by University of California professor William Guericke. Currently used for growing tomatoes. In Russia, K.A. Timiryazev and D.N. Pryanishnikov.
Hydroponics makes it easy to create optimal conditions for plant growth, get high yields, save water, nutrients and labor costs. Hydroponics eliminates all the time-consuming work of soil cultivation, and also eliminates crop rotation, weed and pest control. In hydroponics, you can grow a completely environmentally friendly product that does not contain harmful substances.
In addition, it requires a relatively small area and volume, which opens up the broadest prospects for technology. Hydroponic systems that do not require soil provide ample opportunity to build powerful plants for growing plants and producing food right in the center of metropolitan areas.
Modern technologies for the construction of high-rise buildings make it possible to build buildings that occupy a relatively small area of land, but have a colossal area of premises. For example, the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 451.9 meters high, with 88 floors, have internal premises with a total area of 213.7 thousand square meters, while the building occupies only 40 hectares of urban area. The total area of the site and internal premises is 61.3 hectares.
In other words, hydroponic agricultural plants housed in high-rise buildings can replace hundreds of hectares of greenhouses and thousands of hectares of agricultural land. A dramatic acceleration in growth times, combined with a continuous production cycle and automated system maintenance, allow growing products all year round. Placing agricultural plants in large cities will eliminate the costs required for the transportation of agricultural products. On the ground floors of agro-towers, shops can be set up that sell products grown and processed on the upper floors, delivered downstairs by elevators. In small towns, agricultural factories can be located in large buildings, such as factory halls or hangars. But, in general, there are no restrictions on the type of building for an agricultural plant. It can be a skyscraper, a factory hall, any type of building, a bunker, a tunnel, or even a cave. The main thing is to be able to supply electricity and water supply.
Currently, hydroponics grows mainly fruits and berries, as well as some types of vegetables. But this system can be applied to growing a wide range of plants, from rare tropical fruits to cereals and legumes: wheat, maize, beans. This is now considered economically disadvantageous, but this opinion comes from a short-sighted attitude to this issue. The main saving, which pays for the costs of creating and operating such agricultural plants, is the elimination of transport costs for the delivery of products, especially to remote areas.
The creation of such agricultural plants in Russia may, for example, lead to a sharp reduction or even termination of the import of fruits and vegetables, and the introduction of such fruits into the diet that are simply not delivered to Russia, because they are a perishable product. Such an agro-plant in Norilsk or Yakutsk will make it possible to abandon the import of vegetables and fruits through the northern delivery, and will provide residents of the northern territories with fruits and herbs all year round. Growing plants hydroponically at agricultural plants will allow you to start highly productive agriculture even in those regions of Russia where it has never existed.
2 So hydroponics!
Hydroponics is a generalized term that means one of the methods of cultivating plants without soil on nutrient solutions containing a full set of substances necessary for growth and development in the required concentration and form available to the plant. In this case, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the development of roots and plant nutrition. To do this, it is necessary to ensure the contact of the roots with the nutrient solution and constant access to the roots of air, as well as create optimal humidity in the space between the nutrient solution and the base of the roots, since with a lack of moisture they will dry out quickly.
There are three main methods of growing plants on nutrient solutions:
Aquatic culture - actually hydroponics;
Substrate culture - hydroculture;
Aerial culture - aeroponics.
Hydroponics or aquatic culture is a growing method in which the plant is rooted in a thin layer of organic substrate (peat, moss, etc.), laid on a mesh base, dipped in a tray of nutrient solution.
Plant roots through the substrate and base holes are lowered into the solution, nourishing the plant. This method is the oldest, but not the best. With the hydroponic method of growing plants, the difficulty is aeration of the roots, since the oxygen contained in the nutrient solution is not enough for the plant, and the root system of the plant cannot be completely immersed in the solution. To ensure the respiration of the roots, an air space of 3 cm is left between the solution and the base for young plants, for adults - 6 cm. At the same time, care must be taken to maintain high humidity in this space, otherwise the roots will quickly dry out. The nutrient solution is changed once a month.
To grow plants using the water culture method, you need a special hydroponic pot, which you can make yourself.
Aeroponics (aerial culture) is a method of growing plants without a substrate at all.
The plant is fixed with clamps on the lid of a vessel filled with nutrient solution so that 1/3 of the roots are in the solution, and the rest of the roots are in the air space between the solution and the vessel lid and are periodically moistened. In order not to damage the plant stem with the clamp and not to prevent it from thickening as it grows, it is recommended to use soft elastic pads, for example, made of foam rubber.
In addition to the above method of growing plants on aeroponics, you can use the method of pollination of roots with a nutrient solution. To do this, a fogging spray is placed in the vessel where the roots are located, with the help of which a nutrient solution in the form of tiny drops is supplied to the roots 2 times a day for 2-3 minutes.
In aeroponic cultivation, it is especially important to take care of maintaining high air humidity in the space surrounding the roots so that they do not dry out, but at the same time provide air access to them.
The most widespread is hydrocultivation - a method in which plants root in a thick layer of mineral substrate (gravel, expanded clay, vermiculite, etc.), and the supply of plants with a nutrient solution is carried out according to the principle of backwater, according to the principle of periodic moistening or ordinary watering from above.
The principle of backwater is that the solution is constantly located only in the lower part of the substrate, where the long roots of the plant penetrate, and the solution rises to the rest of the roots through the capillaries.
The principle of intermittent wetting is based on the properties of the porous substrate. At certain intervals, the substrate is flooded with a nutrient solution and is completely saturated with it, after which the solution is drained.
Overhead irrigation is an extremely simple method of hydroponic growing plants. Several times a week, the substrate is watered with a nutrient solution and once with clean water. At the same time, wide low flowerpots are used for planting plants, the height of which depends on the diameter, but does not exceed 16 cm.
It is believed that soilless methods of plant cultivation, hydroponics are the brainchild of modern technologies. Yes, indeed, hydroponic technologies are technologies of the future, successfully developed in different countries, but it is worth remembering the proverb: the new is the well-forgotten old. Until our time, one of the seven wonders of the world has not survived (as, indeed, the rest, except for the pyramids) - the hanging gardens built by Nebuchadnezzar for his wife, Semiramis. These blooming gardens were a miracle not only because they were in a hot desert and were striking in their size. According to the very few eyewitness accounts that have come down to our time, we can conclude that primitive hydroponic systems of an active type were used to keep the plants, in modern terms. A mixture of earth and stones was used as a substrate, a kind of hydroculture. Unfortunately, no description of the recipe for preparing a nutrient solution for plants has survived.
3 First knowledge of soilless methods
But, even at that distant time, hydroponic methods were not an absolute innovation. In the ancient Sumerian "Epic of Gilgamesh", which is considered one of the first written sources that have come down to our time, there are references to such systems. Of course it's a stretch, but they can be called hydroponic. The first to think about how plants eat is Aristotle. In any case, he penned the works where he tried to explain this process. Aristotle argued that plants receive the necessary food in the final (already organic) form, touching upon this issue only by the way substances move along the plant trunk. Then there was a pause in the study of plant nutrition for many centuries, until the Dutch scientist Johann Baptist Van Helmont (1575 - 1642) began to experimentally study this issue. He first decided to find out what the plants eat and where they get their food from. Helmont decided to experiment: he stuffed exactly 200 pounds (1 pound - 453.6 g) of carefully sifted and dried soil into a barrel, then planted a willow branch that weighed five pounds into it. For five years, he closely monitored the purity of the experiment, did not allow insects and even dust to get into the soil. He watered the willow exclusively with rainwater. After that time, he weighed the grown plant and was amazed at the result: the willow increased by 164 pounds, while the soil weight decreased by only two ounces (1 ounce - 28.35 g). Naturally, he explained this completely incorrectly, concluding that the substances necessary for the plant were obtained only from water, without taking into account the role of carbon dioxide and those two ounces of soil. Although for the level of science of that time, it is forgivable. The good news is that he raised the issue of plant nutrition.
4 Further study of hydroponic systems
Edmé Marriott (1620-1684) and Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) established that substances absorbed as food are chemically altered before they are used to build plant tissues. Stephen Hales (1677 - 1761) and his experiments showed that air also plays an important role in plant growth. The professor of medicine John Woodward (1665 - 1828) appears to have been the first to implement and describe the cultivation closest to the definition of hydroponics. In 1699, he grew peppermint. He experimented with rainwater and water from the Thames, to which he also mixed some earth. He determined the weight of the experimental plants when planting and then when harvesting them from the vessels. Woodward made the correct conclusion: "Plants are not formed from water, but from some kind of soil material." The German agrochemist Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) put an end to the disputes and called things by their proper names. He stated the following: “Plant organisms, or, therefore, organic compounds, are the means of nourishing and maintaining the life of people and animals. On the contrary, the source of nutrition for plants is inorganic nature ”. This is how the foundation of our modern agrochemistry was created, and the direction of its further development was indicated in Liebig's statement: “Now that the conditions necessary for the soil to be fertile and capable of supporting plant life have been clarified, no one will probably want to deny that further progress in agriculture, you can only expect from chemistry ”.
Only in the 19th century, primarily thanks to the works of Liebig, was it possible to eliminate erroneous ideas about plant nutrition. For the first time, two German botanists F. Knop and J. Sachs succeeded in bringing a plant from seeds to flowering and new seeds on an artificial solution in 1856. This made it possible to find out exactly what chemical elements plants need. Since then, Knop's solution has taken pride of place in hydroponic crops. Initially, it was believed that soilless methods of growing plants are exclusively the prerogative of experimental laboratories; this can only arouse interest among scientists, and only as an entertaining way.
5 Modern development of hydroponic methods
The use of aquatic crops for food production is closely related to the name of the American phytophysiologist Professor William F. Guericke, assistant professor at the University of California at Berkeley, who conducted extensive outdoor experiments, which he first reported in 1929. He developed the theory of "hydroponics", or aquatic crops (by analogy with "geoponics" - the Greek term for soil crops), and he argued that growing plants without soil on a large scale is feasible and advisable. His experiments showed the possibility of growing various plants in large quantities in troughs filled with nutrient solution.
Guerrick's method brilliantly stood the test when it was required to provide fresh vegetables to individual American military units located on completely barren rocky islands during the Second World War. In Gerrike's hydroponic pools, some of which were created in bare rock with explosives, excellent vegetables in every respect were grown continuously and in abundance. In the post-war press reports, only Professor Gerrike appears for the most part as the discoverer of the method of soilless growing of plants.
6 Development of hydroponic cultivation in Russia
However, it should be noted that by the time Gerrike conducted his experiments, similar installations were already operating in Europe. Probably the largest of them was created at the Soviet fruit-growing institute on the initiative of the “Russian Liebig” - prof. D.N. Pryanishnikov. The results of the work of this significant scientific installation were practically implemented by the Soviet polar expedition already in 1937. Since 1936, the method of hydroponics began to grow vegetable and flower plants in greenhouses in our country. The first research institute working with groundless methods was founded in Minsk. The aeroponics method was developed there. The first Soviet installations were tested in the Kiev Botanical Garden, and very successfully.
The world owes much of what concerns crop production to Soviet researchers. This is not only about Michurin - many interesting facts about this can be cited. Let's say the sensational hydrogel. Its work is based on the ability of some polymers to absorb and then release liquid. It was the development of Soviet secret laboratories in the late fifties. Something related to astronautics - for the opportunity to go to the toilet for an astronaut without taking off his spacesuit. It was a secret with seven seals. Until the West found out. And so, in the late 80s, our own discovery began to return to us in the form of diapers and panty liners made in Europe. In the mid-thirties, a frost-resistant and large-fruited variety of kiwi was bred - it was bred in the Kiev Botanical Garden, by selection method - from Chinese actinidia. The thing is that the variety of kiwi you buy at the market or in a vegetable stall is called “kiwi Kiev”. And you look at the country of origin ... Nonsense. There are quite a few such examples.
In the world, everything goes to the fact that hydroponics (hydroculture) is the future, and very promising. There are several companies in Russia that have been in this specialized market for a long time. With excellent designs - and not just industrial systems. They provide a full range of services: from consulting support to the production of entire agricultural complexes.
7 Hydroponics at home or vegetable garden on the windowsill
Hydroponics, unlike soil, allows you to vary the plant's nutrition system directly at the roots, which allows you to achieve excellent results. For each culture used, you can choose your own solution, but you can also use universal ones, such as Knop, Gerike, Chesnokov-Bazyrina. The mineral salts they contain are usually found in fertilizer stores. And now ready-made mixtures for hydroponics are on sale. Now a person who wants to try using hydroponics can take ready-made mixtures and not look for simple components. A significant negative difference between these mixtures from "self-made" ones is the price, which is about an order of magnitude higher. But for non-industrial, "home school" methods, this is fully compensated for by the convenience of use - "just add water." Homemade hydroponics methods deserve to take an important place among all other growing methods. Do-it-yourself plants are not only and not so much savings and income, but an increase in the environmental friendliness of a home and a powerful anti-stress factor. It is difficult to measure in concrete numbers, but any person feels much more comfortable surrounded by green and blooming plants, especially in winter. And the square meter of the windowsill on which they grow will be useful in a modern apartment.
Many people grow ornamental crops on windowsills, which usually do not receive the minerals necessary for their development from the soil, due to the limited volume of containers used. This limitation makes it necessary to do frequent feeding and transplanting, which have a very negative effect on the development of almost all plants. You can get rid of this simply by switching to the hydroponic method.
For annuals, transplants become unnecessary, for perennials they are sharply reduced (once every 3-5 years), and top dressing becomes what it should be - an improvement in plant nutrition. All salts, in the doses used, do not cause any side effects, and can be replaced within 10-15 minutes, unlike soil application, where the addition of salts is not an easy matter, and their withdrawal in the event of, for example, an overdose, is almost impossible.
Translating "green corner" into hydroponics, one should not expect miracles, this is not a "magic wand", this is a different growing technology. And like any technology has pros and cons. The main disadvantage is the presence of more complex systems that must either be purchased or made by yourself. Nothing can be done about this, but progress does not stand still, most live in cities, not in caves, and they are mowed not with a scythe, but with combines. When mastering hydroponics, it becomes possible to compensate for some of the costs for it by organizing a "indoor vegetable garden" where you can grow green and spicy-flavor crops for your own family consumption. At the same time, products of our own production will be both cheaper and better than greenhouse products.
The range of crops that can be grown indoors is not so small, for example, shade-tolerant varieties of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, radishes, onions (per feather), strawberries, peppers, not to mention spicy herbs such as lemon balm and mint can be cited. When growing these crops in soil, the profitability and payback will be very low, in hydroponic conditions even industrial enterprises can work, which is demonstrated by Western European greenhouse complexes. This is a definite plus.
8 Practical work or hydroponics for a beginner
8.1 Making a hydroponic plant, preparing the substrate and nutrient solution
When carrying out the practical part of the research at the initial stage, we needed to decide on the design of the hydroponic plant, which my dad and I decided to make on our own.
We decided to make a home-made hydroponic plant according to the principle of a multifunctional "miracle pot", the design of which was spied on the Internet.
In our opinion, this system is the simplest. There are slightly more massive and complex, purchased installations, but when choosing the design of a hydroponic installation, we settled on this one.
To make a universal hydroponic pot, we needed:
1. Bucket of mayonnaise, 1 liter (more possible).
2. The straw left over after drinking a milkshake at McDonald's is thick.
3. A cocktail tube, as thin as in the USSR.
4. A piece of styrofoam.
5. Lid from the mayonnaise bucket.
6. A glass of store yogurt.
7. Dissecting device for aeration from the aquarium aerator.
8. PVC air hose from the set for setting up the system.
9. Pliers, bolt of the desired diameter, lighter, candle, scissors, straight arms and desire
To begin with, we made a float that will show the level of the solution in the pot. To make it, you needed a piece of foam and a thin cocktail tube.
Then the cover of the hydroponic plant was made. For this, a lid from a mayonnaise bucket was used. A hole was made in the middle of the lid with the help of scissors, the diameter of which is 2 ... 3 mm less than the diameter of the yogurt cup, which will act as a clonarium.
In the yogurt glass itself, a large enough number of holes were made with a heated bolt so that the roots of the future plant could develop.
Then a float guide was made.
For the float guide, a piece of a thick cocktail tube 5 centimeters long was taken.
A thick cocktail tube was used as an air hose.
The holes in the cover for the air hose and float were made with a heated bolt of the appropriate diameter.
The components of the installation, the order of its assembly and the general view are shown in Figure 1.
Inert materials should be used as substrate.
We chose expanded clay, as it has the following positive properties:
Picture 1 . Components of the installation, the order of its assembly and general view
1) hygroscopic
2) durable
3) porous, in which the plant can retain moisture for a long time (in backwater systems)
4) after preparation does not change the pH of the solution
We bought expanded clay in a store and carried out its preparation. First, we selected an expanded clay stone 3 ... 4 mm in size, then treated it with nitric acid and thoroughly washed it several times and dried it. The appearance of expanded clay before use is shown in Figure 2.
At the next stage of research, we chose a plant that we will grow hydroponically. The choice fell on a cucumber, so I wanted not only to grow a plant, but also to taste the results of my work.
Figure 2. Appearance of prepared expanded clay before filling into a glass
And I love cucumbers. The cucumber variety was selected in such a way that there would be no problems with pollination of its flowers.
For preliminary germination of seeds, we used the traditional grandmother's method - we wrapped several cucumber seeds in a damp cloth and put it on a plate with a little water (Figures 3,4).
Figure 3. Germination of e seeds
After the seeds sprouted, we transplanted them into a prepared pot of soil.
Figure 4. Germination of seeds
And when the first two leaves sprouted from the ground, we carefully dug the plant and, after washing the roots with running water, placed the cucumber in a glass of a hydroponic installation, carefully sprinkling the roots with expanded clay (Figure 5).
Figure 5. Transplanting a cucumber to hydroponics
We prepared a nutrient solution for pouring into the installation.
My father and older sister, who is engaged in chemistry, helped me to prepare the solution for plant nutrition. We found the composition of the solution in the old book "Entertaining Agronomy", edited by Professor Alexei Grigorievich Doyarenko. 600 grams of solution contained: potassium chloride (0.1 g), calcium nitrate (0.25 g), potassium phosphate (0.15 g), magnesium sulfate (0.1 g), iron phosphate (0.05 g), the rest is water.
In the first few days, we used a solution diluted twice with distilled water to feed the plant. To prevent the roots of the plant from shining with sunlight, we put on a black opaque cover on the bottom of the hydroponic setup (Figure 6).
Figure 6. Protective cover
The plant was grown on a sunny side on a windowsill. No artificial lighting was used.
For comparison, a cucumber was placed next to the hydroponic plant, which was grown in the traditional way in the ground (Figure 7).
The solution in the hydroponic plant was changed every 20 days. In the intervals, the level of the solution was monitored and, if necessary, its level was brought to normal by adding distilled water.
Every day, in the morning and in the evening, the plant roots were aerated by blowing air through the mouth for 1-2 minutes.
Figure 7. Place of cultivation of cucumbers
8.2 Hydroponic Cucumber Grow Report
For 57 days, from March 1 to April 26, we grew cucumbers of the "April F-1" variety in a hydroponic installation.
After transplanting a test plant into a hydroponic setup and a control plant into soil, no significant difference in plant development was observed during the first four days. This can be explained by the fact that during the period of adaptation of the experimental plant to new conditions (different from those in which the cucumber grew initially before transplanting to hydroponics), the concentration of nutrient salts was insignificant.
After the transfer of the plant to the full composition of the mixture, the experimental cucumber began to make significant progress in comparison with the control sample. The relative elongation of the stem and the number of newly formed leaves after two and a half weeks were twice as high as those of the cucumber growing in the ground next door.
Figure 8. Third week of growth
An experienced cucumber on day 20 released tendrils, and we made a wooden stand for the plant to cling to.
Figure 9. Support stand
At the same time, we completely replaced the nutrient solution with a new one.
On the 40th day, the first ovaries appeared. On the 44th day, we pinched, removing all the first ovaries that appeared. This procedure strengthened the plant's vigor and promoted the good development of the stem and leaves.
Figure 10. Ovary formation and flowering
On the 48th day of research, we observed already blossoming flowers on the plant. The number of ovaries and flowers increased every day.
Figure 11. Rapid growth
While on the control sample planted in the ground, the picture was not very productive. The cucumber began to wither and dry up. Apparently, this was due to the lack of land. The small volume limited the development of plant roots. And soon it finally stopped growing and began to die.
By this time, the roots of the experimental plant had grown considerably stronger and increased in growth. This was facilitated by daily aeration.
Figure 12. Root system
In order to shorten the time for obtaining the final result during this period, we removed most of the ovaries with flowers, leaving only the two most developed fruits in order to accelerate their growth. And here's the result:
At the beginning of the sixth week of cultivation to date (on day 58) we have quite decent two cucumbers 9.5 cm and 9 cm long.
Grown cucumbers are dark green in color, have no extraneous odors, taste "oily", sweetish, and crunchy. Very juicy. The peel with many sharp pimples, thin, not bitter (!). Inside, the cucumbers have a healthy, mouth-watering appearance, without voids. All seeds are the same size.
By this day of research, the height of the plant had reached 68 cm.The width of the largest leaf reached 18 cm.
Conclusions:
In the course of performing the theoretical and experimental part of the work, I learned a lot for myself and realized that hydroponics makes it easy to create optimal conditions for plant growth, get high yields, save water and nutrients. It makes all the laborious work of processing and fertilizing the soil unnecessary. You can grow delicious and organic vegetables in hydroponics.
The cultivation technology requires a relatively small area and volume, which opens up the broadest prospects for hydroponics and will allow humanity to create powerful plants for growing plants and producing food right in the center of urban megalopolises, which means that once and for all the problem of hunger in the world will be solved.
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