There are fourteen mountain peaks on Earth with a height of more than eight thousand meters. All these peaks are located in Central Asia. But most of the highest mountain peaks are in the Himalayas.
They are also called the "roof of the world". Climbing such mountains is a very dangerous activity. Until the middle of the last century, it was believed that mountains above eight thousand meters were inaccessible to humans.
We have compiled a rating of ten, which includes the highest mountains in the world.
It is also customary to highlight the 7 highest mountain peaks in the world, one for each part of the world. Climbers who have conquered all these mountains are members of the honorary Seven Summits Club.
There are 2 main lists of the seven peaks of the world. More difficult to climb is the list compiled by the Italian climber Reinhold Messner. In this list, in addition to Asia, Europe, South and North America, Africa, Antarctica, not Australia appears as a part of the world, but Australasia, i.e. a region that includes Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and the adjacent Pacific islands. Accordingly, instead of the highest peak in Australia - Mount Kostsyushko, whose height is only 2228 meters and which is very easy to conquer, the list includes Mount Jaya in New Guinea, whose height is 4884 meters and which was first conquered only in 1962. The list, compiled by the American climber Richard Bass, is more traditional in terms of Russian geography, in which Australia appears as a part of the world, not Australasia.
Thus, the highest peaks of the world become not seven, but eight. In some interpretations there are even nine of them, tk. there are still disagreements between geographers about the border between Europe and Asia, so the highest peak in Europe is either Elbrus in the Russian Caucasus, or Mont Blanc in the Alps.
TOP 10 HIGHEST MOUNTAINS IN THE WORLD:
Annapurna - 8091 m .jpg)
This peak reveals the ten highest mountains on our planet. Annapurna is very famous and famous, it is the first Himalayan eight-thousander, which was conquered by people. For the first time, people ascended its summit back in 1950. Annapurna is located in Nepal, the height of its peak is 8091 meters.
The mountain has as many as nine peaks, one of which (Machapuchare) has not yet been stepped by a human foot. Locals consider this peak to be the sacred abode of Lord Shiva. Therefore, climbing it is prohibited. The highest of the nine peaks is called Annapurna 1. Annapurna is very dangerous, climbing its summit took the lives of many experienced climbers.
Nanga Parbat - 8125 m
This mountain is the ninth highest mountain on our planet. It is located in Pakistan and has a height of 8125 meters. The second name of Nanga Parbat is Diamir, which translates as "Mountain of the Gods". For the first time, they were able to conquer it only in 1953. Six unsuccessful attempts were made to ascend the summit. A lot of climbers died while trying to climb this mountain peak.
In terms of mortality among climbers, it occupies a mournful third place after K-2 and Everest. This mountain is also called the "killer".
Manaslu - 8156 m .jpg)
This eight-thousander is ranked eighth on our list of the tallest mountains in the world. It is also located in Nepal and is part of the Mansiri Himal mountain range.
The height of the summit is 8156 meters.
The top of the mountain and the surrounding area are very picturesque. She was first conquered in 1956 by a Japanese expedition. Tourists love to visit here. But to conquer the summit, you need a lot of experience and excellent preparation. While trying to climb Manaslu, 53 climbers were killed.
Dhaulagiri - 8167 m
A mountain peak located in the Nepalese part of the Himalayas. Its height is 8167 meters. The name of the mountain is translated from the local language as "white mountain". Almost all of it is covered with snow and glaciers. Dhaulagiri is very difficult to climb. They were able to conquer it in 1960. Climbing this peak took the lives of 58 experienced (others do not go to the Himalayas) climbers.
Cho Oyu - 8201 m
Another Himalayan eight-thousander, which is located on the border of Nepal and China. The height of this peak is 8201 meters. It is considered not too difficult to climb, but despite this, it has already taken the lives of 39 climbers and ranks sixth on our list of the highest mountains on our planet.
Makalu - -8485 m .jpg)
The fifth highest mountain in the world is Makalu, the second name of this peak is the Black Giant. It is also located in the Himalayas, on the border of Nepal and the PRC and has a height of 8485 meters. Located nineteen kilometers from Everest. This mountain is incredibly difficult to climb, its slopes are very steep.
Only a third of expeditions that have the goal of reaching its summit are successful. During the ascent to this peak, 26 climbers were killed.
Lhotse - 8516 m
Another mountain located in the Himalayas and having a height of more than eight kilometers. Lhotse is located on the border between China and Nepal. Its height is 8516 meters. It is located three kilometers from Everest. For the first time, they were able to conquer this mountain only in 1956.
Lhotse has three peaks, each of which is over eight kilometers high. This mountain is considered one of the highest, most dangerous and difficult peaks to climb.
Kanchenjunga - 8585 m
This mountain peak is also found in the Himalayas, between India and Nepal. It is the third highest mountain peak in the world: the height of the peak is 8585 meters. The mountain is very beautiful, it consists of five peaks. The first ascent took place in 1954.
The conquest of this peak cost forty climbers their lives.
Chogori (К-2) - 8614 m .jpg)
Chogori is the second highest mountain in the world. Its height is 8614 meters. K-2 is located in the Himalayas, on the border of China and Pakistan. Chogori is considered one of the most difficult mountain peaks for climbing, it was only possible to conquer it in 1954.
Of the 249 climbers who visited its summit, 60 people died. This mountain peak is very picturesque.
Everest (Chomolungma) - 8848 m .jpg)
This mountain peak is located in Nepal. Its height is 8848 meters. Everest is the highest mountain peak in the Himalayas and our entire planet. Everest is part of the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range.
This mountain has two peaks: northern (8848 meters) and southern (8760 meters). The mountain is stunningly beautiful: it has the shape of an almost perfect three-sided pyramid. It was possible to conquer Chomolungma only in 1953. During the attempts to climb Everest, 210 climbers died.
Nowadays, climbing the main route no longer presents any special problems, however, at a high altitude, daredevils expect a lack of oxygen (there is almost no fire here), squall wind and low temperatures (below sixty degrees). To conquer Everest, you need to spend at least $ 8,000.
As a rule, the highest peaks of the Sikhote-Alin have a sharply delineated contour and are covered with large-stone placers over vast areas. The relief forms resemble badly destroyed circuses and punishments of mountain glaciation.
They are composed of sandy-shale deposits with numerous intrusions, which led to the presence of deposits of gold, tin and base metals. In tectonic depressions within the Sikhote-Alin, there are deposits of coal and brown coal.
Basalt plateaus are common in the foothills, of which the largest plateau in area is to the west of Sovetskaya Gavan. Sites of the plateau are also found on the main watershed. The largest is the Zevinskoe plateau, on the watershed of the upper reaches of the Bikin and rivers flowing into the Tatar Strait. In the south and east, Sikhote-Alin is a steep mid-mountain range, in the west there are numerous longitudinal valleys and hollows, at heights of more than 900 m - char. In general, Sikhote-Alin has an asymmetrical cross-section. The western macroslope is gentler than the eastern one. Accordingly, the rivers flowing to the west are longer. This feature is reflected in the very name of the ridge. Translated from the Manchu language - the ridge of large western rivers.
No. Mountain Height above sea level (m)
1 Tordoki-Yani 2090 Khabarovsk Territory, Nanaysky District
2 Co. 2003 Khabarovsk Territory, district im. Lazo
3 Yako-Yani 1955 Khabarovsk Territory
4 Anik 1933 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
5 Durkhe 1903 Khabarovsk Territory, district im. Lazo
6 Oblachnaya 1855 Primorsky Territory, Chuguevsky District
7 Bolotnaya 1814 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
8 Sputnik 1805 Khabarovsk Territory, Lazo
9 Ostraya 1788 Primorsky Territory, Terneisky District
10 Arsenyev 1757 Primorsky Territory, Pozharsky District
11 High 1745 Primorsky Territory,
12 Snezhnaya 1684 Primorsky Territory, Chuguevsky District
13 Olkhovaya 1668 Primorsky Territory, Partizansky District
14 Lysaya 1554 Primorsky Territory, Partizansky / Lazovsky districts
15 Taunga 1459 Khabarovsk Territory
16 Izubrina 1433 Primorsky Territory
The inner ridge is much lower than the Main (up to 600 - 760 m above sea level). It stretches parallel to the Main and is separated from it by an inter-ridge depression of 10 - 25 km. In some places there are isolated low mountains and short ridges with flat tops, formed by the erosion of the Inner ridge. These are the outlier mountains Mangup, Eski-Kermen, Tepe-Kermen and others - natural bastions on which fortress cities were erected in the Middle Ages.
Above sea level, about 250 m, the maximum - 325 m. It lies north of the Inner and is separated from it by a depression from 3 to 8 km wide. The outer ridge is most clearly expressed between Simferopol and Sevastopol. It gradually decreases to the north and imperceptibly passes into the Plain Crimea.
The Inner and Outer ridges are not only lower than the Main ridge, but also have a flat, even surface, slightly inclined to the northwest. They form the foothills of the Crimean Mountains.
On the Kerch Peninsula, two regions are distinguished, delimited by the low Parpach ridge. In the south-west it is an undulating plain with various isolated uplands, in the north-east it is a hilly ridge area.
The soils of the Crimea are very diverse. Each physical-geographical region has its own types. In the Sivash region, solonetzic and solonetzic soils prevail; to the south, in the flat part of the peninsula, there are chestnut and the so-called southern chernozem (heavy loamy and clayey with underlying loess-like rocks); mountain meadow and mountain chernozems were formed on the yayls; on the slopes of the Main Ridge, covered with forests, brown mountain forest soils are widespread. special brown soils, similar to subtropical red soils.
The name Tien Shan means "heavenly mountains" in Chinese. According to E.M. Murzaev, this name is a tracing paper from the Turkic Tengritag, formed from the words: Tengri (Heaven, God, divine) and tag (mountain).
The Tien Shan system includes the following orographic regions:
Northern Tien Shan: Ketmen, Zailiyskiy Alatau, Kungei-Alatau and Kirghiz ridges;
Eastern Tien Shan: Borokhoro, Irene-Khabyrga, Bogdo-Ula, Karlyktag Khalyktau, Sarmin-Ula, Kuruktag ridges
Western Tien Shan: Karatau, Talasskiy Alatau, Chatkalskiy, Pskemskiy and Ugamskiy ridges;
Southwestern Tien Shan: ridges flanking the Fergana Valley and including the southwestern slope of the Fergana Range;
Inner Tien Shan: from the north it is bounded by the Kyrgyz ridge and the Issyk-Kul depression, from the south by the Kokshaltau ridge, from the west by the Fergana ridge, from the east by the Akshiirak mountain range.
The Tien Shan mountains are considered one of the highest in the world, among them there are more than thirty peaks over 6,000 meters high. The highest point of the mountain system is Pobeda Peak (Tomur, 7439 m), located on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China; the next highest is Khan-Tengri peak (6995 m) on the border of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.
From the Central Tien Shan to the west, three mountain ranges diverge, separated by intermontane basins (Issyk-Kul with Lake Issyk-Kul, Naryn, At-Bashynskaya, etc.) and connected in the west by the Fergana ridge.
In the Eastern Tien Shan, there are two parallel mountain ranges (height 4-5 thousand m), separated by depressions (height 2-3 thousand m). Highly raised (3-4 thousand m) leveled surfaces - sirty are characteristic. The total area of glaciers is 7.3 thousand km², the largest is South Inylchek. Porous rivers - Naryn, Chu, Ili and others. Mountain steppes and semi-deserts dominate: on the northern slopes of meadow-steppe and forests (mainly coniferous), above are subalpine and alpine meadows, on syrts there are so-called cold deserts.
From west to east it is 2500 km. Mountain system in Wed. and Center. Asia. Length from 3. to E - 2500 km. Alpine folding, remnants of ancient leveled surfaces have been preserved at an altitude of 3000-4000 m in the form of syrts. Modern tectonic activity is high, earthquakes are frequent. Mountain ranges are composed of igneous rocks, hollows - sedimentary rocks. Deposits of mercury, antimony, lead, cadmium, zinc, silver, in the basins - oil.
The relief is predominantly alpine, with glacial forms, talus, permafrost is widespread above 3200 m. There are flat intermontane basins (Fergana, Issyk-Kul, Naryn). The climate is continental and temperate. Snowfields and glaciers. Rivers belong to the basins of internal flow (Naryn, Ili, Chu, Tarim, etc.), Lake. Issyk-Kul, Song-Kel, Chatyr-Kel.
The first European explorer of the Tien Shan in 1856 was Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov, who received the title "Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky" for his work.
PIK PUTIN
The Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambayev signed an order to name one of the peaks of the Tien Shan after Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.
"The height of this peak reaches 4500 meters above sea level. It is located in the Ak-Suu river basin, in the Chui region," the head of the Kyrgyz government said.
One of the peaks of the Tien Shan in the Issyk-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan is named after the first president of Russia, Boris Yeltsin.
Mount Zugspitze - the highest mountain in Germany
Bavaria does not claim to be the “roof of the world”. But here, in Bavaria, snow-capped cliff tops, even in summer, are the norm. For example, the Zugspitze mountain - the highest mountain in Germany, is located in the Bavarian Alps. From here, in winter and summer, an endless, exciting perspective opens up on the snow-covered world of the rocky Alps. The height of the Zugspitze is 2,964 meters.
This peak is located on the very border of the Austrian Tyrol and German Bavaria. The summit was conquered not so long ago, almost 200 years ago. Today, the ascent to the peak takes about 15 minutes by funicular or about 60 minutes (with a change) by a special train. This climb is very impressive. Even we, local residents, guides and tour guides, each time perceive this beauty as for the first time.
Mount Zugspitze is the highest mountain in Germany, therefore, if you choose the town of Garmisch-Patenkirchen as a starting point for this peak, then making the ascent to the Zugspitze, a special train will make a couple of intermediate stops at which those tourists who prefer to "conquer" would be the last few hundred meters on foot (in winter, these are skiers who do not need to climb the very peak). At the very top, there is surprisingly fresh clean air. Here our guests have the opportunity to see enough of the beauty of the surrounding mountains and territories, wander, enjoy the thrill of being chosen. Those who wish can be photographed with an automatic camera mounted on the top of the observation deck. To do this, you need to stand at the marked point on the terrace and press the button located at hand. Everything, the photo is ready! Then, below, pick up the finished photos or send them directly in electronic form to friends or parents / children.
How to get from Munich to the Zugspitze mountain in Garmisch-Partenkirchen
There are several options for how you can do this. Choose the one that suits your wallet and soul:
1. If you are not burdened with luggage and the habit of comfortable travel, then you can buy a train ticket and get directly to the city of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, from which, already by funicular or by a special train, go up to the Zugspitze.
2. You can, of course, take a car at any Munich rental office and take a leisurely look at the surroundings to get to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, or even better to the village of Grainau and the Eibsee lake on its outskirts, on the banks of which there is both parking and beautiful views. leave the car at the foot of the Alps and climb the Zugspitze.
Poland
The highest mountains in Poland, the Tatras are a mountain range that forms the natural border between Slovakia and Poland. Peaks Gerlachovsky Shtit (Slovakia) and Rysy (Poland) are the highest points in these countries. We suggest you go on a photo tour of the Tatra Mountains. The Tatras cover an area of 750 sq. Km, most of which (600 sq. Km) lie on the territory of Slovakia, and the highest point - Gerlachovsky Štit (2655 m) is located north of Poprad.
In turn, Rysy (2499 m) is located in the northwestern part of the Tatras. This is the highest point in Poland. The Tatras lie in the temperate zone of Central Europe. This is an important barrier to air masses. Their mountain typography is the source of one of the most diverse climates in the region. Temperatures range from 40 ° C in winter to 33 ° C in warmer months.
The temperature also depends on the altitude and the sunny side. Temperatures below 0 ° C are at the top for 192 days. In the mountains there is a very diverse world of flora. More than 1000 species of vascular plants, about 450 species of moss, 200 species of liverwort, 700 lichens, 900 mushrooms and 70 slime molds grow here.
There are five climatic zones in the Tatras. The animal kingdom is no less diverse here: 54 tardigrades, 22 turbellaria species, 100 rotifer species, 22 copepod species, 162 spider species. 81 species of molluscs, 43 species of mammals, 200 species of birds, 7 species of amphibians and 2 species of reptiles. The Polish part of the Tatras was declared a national park in 1955. The lower parts of the mountains are overgrown with forest.
Mountains of Kazakhstan
Dzhungarskoe Alatau is another famous mountain system of Kazakhstan. In some places the peaks reach heights of 4500 meters or more. At this height, eternal ice forms. In the western parts of the mountains, rare species of animals live: gazelles, argali and ibex. The fame of this area has brought not only endangered species of animals and the ever-snowy peaks of the mountains, but also history.
In the mountains, rock paintings of ancient Central Asian nomads and burial graves, which are already more than 2000 years old, were discovered! The Tien Shan mountains in Kazakhstan are located in the southeast. Some of the animals that live here are listed in the Red Book - the Tien Shan bear and the snow leopard. The Tien Shan mountains are famous for the Khan Tengri peak, which is considered one of the highest in the world. Its height is 7,010 m, taking into account the ice sheet. Without it, the mountain is 15 meters lower. The average height of the local mountains exceeds 4000 meters.
Another beautiful place is the Turgen Gorge, known as the Land of Waterfalls. There are many springs, hot springs, waterfalls and lakes with the purest water here. A small river Assy flows nearby. Subalpine and alpine meadows slide down the slopes of the mountains. Not far from these places there are Saka burials, hiding the ancient secrets of the nomads. Bayanaul Mountains Separately, I would like to say about these mountains, which cover the south-west of the country. Their size is small - only about 50 km from west to east and about 25 km from north to south. The highest point is 1027 meters above sea level and is called Akbet. The mountains themselves are located on the left bank of the Irtysh River. These are very unusual mountains: layered, rounded, practically without steep slopes. An interesting fact: for millions of years of existence of the mountain range, not a single rocky rock has been covered with moss or vegetation.
Bazarduzu, Azerbaijan
Coordinates: 41 ° 13′16 ″ s. NS. 47 ° 51'29 "in. etc.
Height: 4466 m
Translated from the Turkic language, "Bazarduzu" is translated as "Turn to the bazaar". The mountain owes such an interesting name to the fair held in the Shahnabad valley. Numerous merchants and buyers, representatives of various nations, gathered here.
Lezgins, Nogays, Armenians, Arabs, Persians, Jews and many others. The mountain, towering above all the other peaks, is an excellent landmark for merchants from distant lands. The caravan was approaching the Bazarduzu glacier, and the drivers knew that from here they had to turn left and now it was the market square.
By the way, the local Lezgins call the mountain "Kichensuv", which translates as the Mountain of Fear.
Bazarduzu is not completely located in Azerbaijan, most of it lies on the territory of Russia. Therefore, the mountain is also the highest point of Dagestan (the Republic of Dagestan).
Despite this, officially, Bazarduzu is the highest mountain in the country. Located on the Main Caucasian ridge of the Greater Caucasus mountain system, the mountain has a height of 4466 meters. This is the top of the dividing ridge and the last massif extending to the east. After that, a gradual decrease in the relief begins, the slope is covered by the channels of numerous rivers. Even at the beginning of the 20th century, there were eight glaciers, the largest of which was called Tikhitsar. The total area of the people was about 13.8 square kilometers. Now there are several small glaciers and a firn cap with an area of 3.6 square kilometers (firn is an intermediate state between snow and ice, dense, packed perennial snow). The Bazarduzu glaciers are the easternmost group of glaciers throughout the Main Caucasus.
Weathering processes play an important role in shaping the appearance of the mountain. Therefore, the slopes of the summit are very beautiful. Below, there are alpine meadows where thousands of sheep and goats feed during the summer months. Chamois, roe deer and herds of the Dagestan tur are preserved here. There is even such a rarity as mountain turkeys.
The first ascent officially recorded in the documents was the conquest of the mountain by a topographer from Russia, Sergei Timofeesich Alexandrov. In May 1849, he single-handedly climbed and installed a triangulation tower at the top.
Another record is Azerbaijani athletes Turan Akhmedov and Rusif Bagirov. They climbed and descended in just 9 hours. This is the local speed climbing record.
Moldoveanu, Romania
Mountain in Romania. The height above sea level is 2544 m, which makes the mountain the highest point in the country. It is located in Moldovianu in the very center of Romania, in the Fagaras mountain range (South Carpathians) in the territory of the Arges county. Geologically composed of crystalline rocks. The slopes of the mountain are covered mainly with coniferous forests, higher mountain meadows are located.
Padesh
The highest point of the Carpathian massif is Poiana Ruske. Height - 1382 m. Geographically, the mountain belongs to the county Timis (Romania).
Pop Ivan
Mountain in the Ukrainian Carpathians, near the Hutsul Alps, one of the peaks of the Marmarosh mountain range. Height 1936.2 m. Located on the border of Ukraine and Romania. The top of the mountain is adjacent to a higher unnamed one, 1937.7 meters. The shape is pyramidal, the northern and eastern slopes are steep. Small lakes can form around the mountain seasonally. There are meadows in large areas. Many rare plants grow.
Oticu
A pass in the Southern Carpathians on the Otiku saddle between the valleys of the rivers Ryul Doamney (namely, its tributary, the river Vaselat) and Dymbovitsa (river Boyarkeshu) on the junction of the ridge. Coltsi Kremeni, Muncius Groapele, Muncius Mezia (Boarkeshu Ridge), and Kulme Piscanu of the Muncius Iser-Papusha massif.
Budichevska Bolshaya
Mountain in the Ukrainian Carpathians, in the Chivchyna massif. Located in the Verkhovynsky district of Ivano-Frankivsk region, south of the village of Burkut. The height is 1677.9 m. The foot and slopes of the mountain are covered with forests, higher - meadows. The slopes are steep. The summit is located on the main ridge of the Chivchinsky mountains, has several spurs, especially a long northern spur. To the east is the highest peak of the Chivchinsky mountains - Chivchin (1769 m).
Bucegi
Mountain range in central Romania, part of the South Carpathians. Bucegi are one of the highest mountains in the country, Omu, their highest point, only 39 m lower than Moldovyanu, the highest point of the country. The mountains are located south of the city of Brasov. Geologically, the massif consists of three ridges - Bucegi, Liaota and Piatra Craiului.
Vigorlat-Gutinsky ridge
The mountain range of the Carpathians, located on the territory of Ukraine, Slovakia and Romania. The length of the ridge within Ukraine is about 125 km, width - from 8 to 20 km. The valleys of the Tisza tributaries (Uzh, Latoritsa, Borzhava and Rika) divide the ridge into separate massifs - Vigorlat, Makovitsa, etc. From the north and north-east, the ridge adjoins the Berezno-Lipshansky intermountain valley, from the south and south-west - to the Transcarpathian lowland. In the southeast it borders on the Khust-Solotvinskaya depression.
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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTOS:
Team nomad
The highest mountains in the world.
Natural Monuments of Russia | PAs of Russia (Russian). oopt.aari.ru.
Mountain systems of the world.
http://top10a.ru/top-10-samyx-vysokix-gor-v-mire.html
https://www.smileplanet.ru/dostoprimechatelnosti/gory/
Mount Everest, which is also called Chomolungma, is located on the border of Nepal and China. This mountain is the highest peak in the world, topping the list of the tallest mountains in the world, at 8848 meters above sea level. Climbing it is a real dream for many climbers, but at the same time it is considered very dangerous, because in attempts to climb this mountain, a large number of people died.
What is the highest peak of the earth
The highest peak in the world is the peak that is higher in relation to other mountains, and the height is measured from sea level. The last value means the position of the free surface of the World Ocean, which is measured along a plumb line with respect to some conventional reference point. This position depends on a number of factors, for example, temperature, the law of gravitation, the moment of rotation of the Earth, etc. It turns out that the largest mountain in the world is Everest.
What are the highest mountains in the world
Today there is a list of seven mountains, which includes the highest peaks of the six parts of the world, and Europe and Asia are considered separately from each other:
- in Asia, it is Chomolungma;
- in South America - Aconcagua;
- in North America - Denali (formerly McKinley);
- in Africa - Kilimanjaro;
- in Europe - Elbrus;
- in Antarctica - Vinson Peak;
- in Australia and Oceania - Jaya, with the last peak located in the Indonesian part of New Guinea, although Mount Kosciushko is the highest in Australia.
It should be added that the highest mountains in the world (TOP-100) are located in Asia, in the mountain ranges of the Himalayas, Karakorum and other areas adjacent to them. Today there is even an informal association "The Seven Summits Club", consisting of climbers who have conquered the highest peaks of seven continents. The ranking of the ten highest mountains (eight-thousanders) on the planet is as follows:
- Chomolungma - 8848 m.
- Chogori - 8611 m.
- Kanchenjunga - 8586 m.
- Lhotse - 8516 m.
- Makalu - 8485 m.
- Cho-Oyu - 8188 m.
- Dhaulagiri - 8167 m.
- Manaslu - 8163 m.
- Nangaparbat - 8126 m.
- Annapurna I - 8091 m.
Highest point in Europe
The highest point of the continent is Mount Elbrus, which is located in the Greater Caucasus between two constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. It is a two-peaked saddle-shaped cone of the volcano: the western peak reaches 5642 m and the eastern one - 5621 m. The last eruption took place around the 50s of our era. This mountain peak is covered with glaciers with an area of 134.5 km2. The first documented ascent to this greatest peak in Europe dates back to 1829 - it was made by the expedition of General G.A. Emmanuel.
There are several options for conquering this peak, for example, it can be an ascent along the eastern route (ridge), starting from Elbrus (village) and passing through the Irikchat gorge, through a pass, a glacier, and so on to the beginning of the ridge. The northern route allows you to see truly incredible beauty - the hills are replaced by stones and rocks of bizarre shapes. The most popular is the ascent from the south, and the extreme one is from the west, because along the way there are powerful rocky walls, heavy climbs and glaciers.
Highest peak in Africa
The most famous and famous mountain on the African continent is the volcano Kilimanjaro - 5895 m. It is located in the northeast of Tanzania. It is noteworthy that the stratovolcano has an ice cap that is actively melting - over the last century, the glacier has decreased by 80%. It consists of three main peaks. Hans Meyer first managed to conquer this volcano in 1889. The climb to Kilimanjaro cannot be called technically difficult, but at the same time it is considered spectacular.
Highest point in North America
The highest peak in the northern American continent is Denali - a two-headed mountain, which until 2015 was called McKinley, and at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Great Mountain. Mount McKinley is located in the south of central Alaska. The first to reach the summit were American climbers under the command of Hudson Glass in 1913. The name Denali belongs to the natives of Alaska - the Athabasca Indians. The mountain rises at an altitude of 6190 m above sea level.
Highest mountain in South America
In the list of seven peaks, Aconcagua is in second place in height - 6962 m. It is itself the highest mountain peak of the continent of South America. Aconcagua is located in the Andes Mountains in Argentina. For the first time it was possible to conquer it in 1897 - the first documented ascent was made by an expedition led by Edward Fitzgerald.
The ascent to Aconcagua is considered technically easy if you make it along the northern slope. This large hill is covered with snow and many glaciers. According to some sources, its name is translated from the Araucano language as "comes from the other side." According to another version, it could come from the Quechua language and means "white guard" or "stone guard".
The highest peak of Antarctica
Vinson Peak reaches a height of 4892 m, located in the Ellsworth mountain range, 1200 km from the South Pole. The summit was discovered by US pilots in 1957. There were several attempts to climb, but for the first time it was possible to climb only in 1966 - Nicholas Clinch. Over the past few years, Vinson Massif has received quite a bit of attention from well-funded climbers. The climb itself involves not so many technical difficulties, but your stay in Antarctica is an unsafe undertaking.
Australia's highest peak
Punchak Jaya or Carstens Pyramid is the highest mountain in Australia and Oceania. It rises 4884 m above sea level. Punchak Jaya is located on the Maoke massif in the western part of the island of New Guinea. The name is translated from Indonesian as "victory". The first ascent to the summit was made only in 1962, it was carried out by a group of Australian climbers, led by Heinrich Harrer.
Highest peak on earth
Most people know that the highest point on earth is located in South Asia, or more precisely, in the central Himalayas on the border of China and Nepal. During the conquest of Everest, many climbers died. The fact that Chomolungma is the highest mountain on the planet was determined back in 1852 by the Indian topographer and mathematician Radhanat Sikdar. In 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay managed to conquer Chomolungma through the South Col. Before that, about 50 expeditions to the Karakorum and the Himalayas were carried out.
The ascent to this peak is extremely difficult and often ends in the death of the climbers. This is due to the poor climatic conditions of the uppermost zone of the mountain: high rarefaction of the atmosphere, low temperatures down to -50-60 degrees, periodic hurricane winds, etc. In addition, other dangers await climbers, including:
- the possibility of falling into the crevices of the relief;
- cliff from steep slopes;
- avalanches.
Mount Everest
The highest peak in the world reaches a height of 8848 m. It has the shape of a triangular pyramid, with the southern slope being steeper. Glaciers flow down from the massif in all directions, the boundary of which ends at an altitude of about 5 km. Today Everest belongs to the Sagarmatha National Park, located in Nepalese territory. The last 300 m are considered to be the most difficult area for climbing this peak.To successfully pass them, climbers need to overcome a very steep and smooth slope of Everest.
Where is
The southern summit of Everest (8760 m) is located on the border between Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region (China), and the northern (8848 m), which is the main one, is located entirely on Chinese territory. Climbing the mountain, taking into account acclimatization and setting up the camp, often takes about two months. Climbers can lose about 10-15 kg in one ascent. For the opportunity to climb from climbers take a lot of money, while the sequence of the ascent is established.
Climate and the reason for the formation of Everest
This peak is characterized by very strong winds, the speed of which can reach 200 km / h. As for the air temperature, the average monthly indicator in July is about 0 ° C, and in January -36 ° C, although on some nights it can even reach -60 ° C. The history of the formation of Chomolungma dough is associated with the formation of the Himalayas. About 50-55 million years ago, the Indian and Eurasian plates began to collide with each other, as a result of which the latter was severely deformed. This is how the mountain belt appeared, the highest part of which was the Himalayas.
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The power of nature frightens and at the same time delights. The proofs of her strength are deep crevices and the highest peaks of the planet. Everest is called the top of the world, and it really is. However, not everyone knows which is the highest mountain in the world. Yes, there are giants that exceed the size of the famous Chomolungma. But what they are and where are they - read on.
The largest and highest mountain on the planet is the shield volcano Mauna Kea. It is located on an island in the Hawaiian archipelago. Its size is shocking. If you put this natural colossus next to Everest, then the latter will seem like a small hill.
For comparison: the height of Mauna Kea from the foot to the top is 10 203 m, and Everest - 3550 m. Feel the difference ?! So why is the Himalayan peak given the palm?
The thing is that Mauna Kea originates under water, where most of the volcano is hidden. The top of the mountain above sea level is at an altitude of 4205 m, while Chomolungma rises at 8848 m.
The Hawaiian giant is about a million years old. Active "youth" helped the volcano to grow to such dimensions. Since its birth, Mauna Kea has regularly erupted for 500 thousand years, then activity began to decline. Now the volcano is considered extinct. According to rough estimates, the last eruption took place 4-6 thousand years ago.
This amount of volcanic rock, concentrated at one point, exerts tremendous pressure on the earth's crust. Its total volume is about 3200 km3. It is difficult to imagine how much it weighs, but this mass is enough to push the Pacific Plate for six kilometers.
Mauna Kea is translated as ‘White Mountain’. The indigenous people could not call it otherwise, because this is the only place in the Hawaiian Islands where snow falls in winter. Local tribes consider the mountain sacred, only the leaders have the right to climb it. Unfortunately, and perhaps fortunately, this does not stop the Europeans.
On the one hand, on the lower part of the volcano, for the sake of the development of the sugar industry, wild forests were practically destroyed; on the other, the summit of Mauna Kea is a great place to explore space. Since 1964, 13 observatories have been built here. The question of whether it was worth doing, given the sacredness of the mountain, is still hotly debated.
The highest mountains in the world: list
The dream of any climber is to conquer the main peaks of the world. There are seven of them on the list, one for each continent and region of the Earth. We propose to briefly talk about each of them:
- His Majesty is Everest.
Has several other names. In Tibet, the mountain is called Chomolungma (Divine Mother) or Jomo Gang Kar (Holy Mother, white as snow). Nepalese call the highest peak - Sagarmatha.
This is one of the most violent places on the planet. Not everyone will be able to reach at least the base camp, which is located at an altitude of about 5000 m. What can we say about the top.
The air temperature on the mountain in the warm season does not rise above zero degrees, and in winter it varies from -36 in the daytime to -60 degrees at night. Add to this the violent winds, which sometimes reach 200 km / h, and you will understand that the smallest problem here can turn into a disaster.
In the off-season, few will challenge grief, because it is akin to suicide. Since the first ascent in 1953, Everest has taken the lives of more than 250 people, their bodies are still there. To pick them up, you need to equip the expedition, and this is very expensive. The fees for the rise alone are up to 25 thousand dollars. No matter how cynical it may sound, many corpses serve as landmarks for climbers.
- The second height of the world is Aconcagua.
Located in Argentina and is part of the Andes - the longest mountain range in the world, stretching for 11,000 km. Translated from the Quechua language, "Aconcagua" means 'Stone Guard'. Looking at the mountain, you understand that such a name was given to it for a reason.
Massive and majestic Aconcagua really resembles a stone giant. The height of the mountain above sea level reaches 6961 m. Technically, it is not considered too difficult to conquer. The record of ascent and descent belongs to Karl Egloff: his time is 11 hours 52 minutes. Even children went up here. The youngest climber was only nine years old.
The weather is relatively mild. The average temperature at the summit is 20 degrees below zero, much colder at night. Humidity is low here, but strong winds will not let a person forget where he is.
- Presidential Mount McKinley.
Located in Alaska, 210 km north of Anchorage. It occupies the third position in height above sea level - 6190 m. In fact, this is a huge granite block, which crawled out of the ground as a result of tectonic activity. It happened about 60 million years ago.
The mountain was often renamed. It was originally called Denali, which means ‘great’ in translation from the language of the Athabasca Indians. When the Russians came to Alaska, the granite giant was simply called Big Mountain. In 1896, when Alaska ceded to the United States, the mountain was named after President William McKinley. However, in 2015, the first name was returned to her.
Based on the statistics of ascents, this peak is far from everyone's teeth. Only 58% of attempts are successful. Since 1913, the mountain has claimed the lives of over 100 people. Weather conditions and lack of oxygen do not stop people, even if they have to go alone in winter. This was done by Loni Dupre, who successfully climbed Denali and descended unharmed on January 11, 2015.
- Kilimanjaro.
The highest point in Africa - 5892 m. It is located in Tanzania and is a potentially active volcano. Presumably, the last eruption took place 200 thousand years ago, but the lava has not gone anywhere. It is located under a crater at a depth of 400 m.
Kilimanjaro has three peaks that are separate volcanoes:
- Shira - 3962 m;
- Mavenzi - 5149 m;
- Kobo - 5892 m.
A distinctive feature of the mountain is the ice cap, which has not left the top for 11 thousand years, since the last ice age. However, over the past hundred years, due to deforestation and a decrease in precipitation, the glacier has decreased by 80%.
One of the easiest peaks to climb. The first documented assault took place in 1889. It was made by a group of climbers led by Hans Meyer. Trained climbers can climb to the summit and descend back in 10 hours. For beginners, due to the need for acclimatization, it takes 5 days.
- The highest mountain in Europe is Elbrus.
Belongs to the same type of mountains as Kilimanjaro - a stratovolcano. The last eruption took place around 50 AD. NS. It has a saddle shape with two peaks: eastern - 5621 m; western - 5642 m.
The mountain is shrouded in many glaciers with a total area of 134.5 km2. Melt water flowing down the slopes of Elbrus feeds several large rivers: Kuban, Baksan and Malka. The weather here changes from bad to good every 5-7 days. It can be hot in summer - 25–35 degrees, in winter at an altitude of 3,000 m the temperature drops to –12–20 degrees.
From the point of view of mountaineering, Elbrus is not particularly difficult to climb, but there are several extreme routes. The peak was stormed even on a motorcycle in 1963 and a car in 1997.
- Vinson Peak is the highest point on the sixth continent.
The mountain is part of the massif of the same name, which is located 1200 km from the South Pole and stretches 21 km in length and 13 km in width. The highest point is at 4897 m above sea level.
American pilots discovered Vinson Peak in 1957, and after 9 years climber Nicholas Clinch conquered its summit. Despite the aggressive conditions of Antarctica, it is relatively comfortable here in summer. In the tents of the assault camp, the temperature is kept in the range of 0-10 degrees Celsius. During the ascent, the thermometer often drops below thirty-five degrees.
- Pyramid of Carstens, or Punchak-Jaya.
Located on the island of New Guinea. Its peak is considered the highest point in Oceania and Australia - 4884 m, and according to some sources - 5030 meters. Jaya Peak was discovered by European explorer Jan Carstens in 1623.
Arriving in Holland, he told about the glacier he had seen, for which he was ridiculed. Like, where is the glacier in the tropics from ?! However, they laughed at him in vain. What he saw was one of the highest mountains in the world.
Despite such an early discovery, the first ascent took place only 339 years later. A group of climbers led by Heinrich Harrer stormed the mountain in 1962.
Highest mountain in Kazakhstan
On the border with Kyrgyzstan and China, on the Tien Shan ridge, the majestic and cold Khan Tengri rises. This is the highest point in Kazakhstan - 7010 m above sea level. The name of the mountain is Turkic and translates as 'Lord of Heaven'.
Externally, Khan-Tengri is a natural pyramid with regular edges. The top of the mountain is covered with 15 meters of ice. In pagan times, people believed that the supreme God lives there, who governs the whole world from there.
The first mentions of the mountain are found in the writings of ancient explorers and adventurers. As for the modern study, it began in the middle of the 19th century, when the geographer P. Semenov made a detailed description of the mountain.
The first successful assault on Khan Tengri took place on September 11, 1931. The climbers from the Ukrainian expedition became the heroes. It was headed by Mikhail Pogrebetsky, Boris Tyurin and Franz Sauber. Athletes for a long time and scrupulously thought over and worked out the ascent route. As a result, it was decided to walk along the southern and southwestern side of the mountain.
Khan Tengri is famous not only for its beauty, but also for regular accidents. The mountain picks up several people every season. 2004 was especially gloomy. Then, during the ascent, a Polish climber died, and a month later, due to an avalanche at an altitude of 5000 m, a group of 50 people was trapped. While the rescue operation was underway, 11 climbers from Russia, Ukraine and the Czech Republic were killed.
The highest mountains in the world annually attract hundreds of daredevils who risk their lives for the indescribable feeling of unity with nature. They can be understood, because the one who once ascended to the top wants to repeat it over and over again. Even Vysotsky wrote: "The whole world is in the palm of your hand - you are happy and mute and only a little envious of those others who have the summit still ahead."
The formation of mountains on Earth takes millions of years. They arise from the collisions of huge tectonic plates that make up the earth's crust.
Today we will get acquainted with the highest mountains on 6 continents and see how they look against the background of the highest mountain peaks in the world - "eight-thousanders", whose height above sea level exceeds 8,000 meters.
How many continents are there on Earth? Sometimes it is believed that Europe and Asia are 2 different continents, although they are one continent:
Before starting our story about the tallest mountains on the 6 continents, let's take a look at a general diagram of the tallest peaks on Earth.
"Eight-thousanders"- this is the common name for the 14 highest mountain peaks in the world, whose height above sea level exceeds 8,000 meters. They are all in Asia. The conquest of all 14 "eight-thousanders" of the planet - the conquest of the "Crown of the Earth" - is a great achievement in high-altitude mountaineering. As of July 2012, only 30 climbers managed to do this. (Clickable, 2010 × 810 px):
North America - Mount McKinley, 6,194 m
This is the highest two-headed mountain in North America, named after the 25th President of the United States. Located in Alaska.
Indigenous peoples called this peak "Denali", which means "great", and during the period of Russian colonization of Alaska it was called simply - Big Mountain.
Mount McKinley, view from Denali National Park:
The first ascent to the main peak of McKinley took place on June 7, 1913. There are 5 large glaciers on the slopes of the mountain.
South America - Mount Aconcagua, 6,962 m
It is the highest point of the American continent, South America, and the western and southern hemispheres. Belong to the longest mountain range in the world - the Andes.
The mountain is located in Argentina and in the Quechua language means "Stone Guard". Aconcagua is the largest extinct volcano on our planet.
In mountaineering, Aconcagua is considered a technically easy mountain if you climb the northern slope.
The first recorded ascent of the mountain was in 1897.
Europe - Mount Elbrus, 5 642 m
This stratovolcano in the Caucasus is the highest peak in Russia. Considering that the border between Europe and Asia is ambiguous, Elbrus is often called the highest European mountain peak. (Clickable, 2500 × 663 px):
Elbrus is a two-headed volcano with a saddle. The western peak has a height of 5 642 m, the eastern one - 5 621 m. The last eruption dates back to 50 AD.
In those days, the eruptions of Elbrus probably resembled the eruptions of modern Vesuvius, but were more powerful. At the beginning of the eruption, powerful clouds of vapors and gases, saturated with black ash, rose from the craters of the volcano at the beginning of the eruption, covering the entire sky, turning day into night. The earth shook from powerful tremors.
Nowadays, both peaks of Elbrus are covered with eternal snow and ice. On the slopes of Elbrus, 23 glaciers diverge in different directions. The average speed of movement of glaciers is about 0.5 meters per day.
The first successful ascent to one of the peaks of Elbrus was made in 1829. The average annual death toll during the ascent of Elbrus is 15-30 people. (Clickable, 1650 × 630 px):
Everest (Chomolungma) is the top of our world! It is the first eight-thousander in height and the highest mountain on Earth.
The mountain is located in the Himalayas in the Mahalangur-Himal ridge, with the South peak (8760 m) lying on the border of Nepal, and the North (main) peak (8848 m) located in China.
Everest has the shape of a triangular pyramid. At the top of Chomolungma there are strong winds blowing at a speed of up to 200 km / h, and the air temperature at night drops to -60 Celsius.
The first ascent to the summit of Everest took place in 1953. Since the first ascent to the summit until 2011, more than 200 people have died on the slopes of Everest. Now the ascent to the summit takes about 2 months - with acclimatization and the installation of camps.
View from space:
Climbing Mount Everest is not only extremely dangerous, but also expensive: the cost of climbing as part of specialized groups is up to 65 thousand US dollars, and the only one permission to climb, issued by the government of Nepal, costs 10 thousand dollars.
Australia and Oceania - Mount Punchak Jaya, 4884 m
The highest peak in Australia and Oceania, which is located on the island of New Guinea. It sits on the Australian Plate and is the world's tallest mountain located on an island.
The mountain was discovered in 1623 by the Dutch explorer Jan Carstens, who saw the glacier at the top from afar. Therefore, the mountain is sometimes called the Pyramid of Carstens.
The first ascent of Punchak-Jaya took place only in 1962. The name of the mountain from the Indonesian language translates roughly as "Pobeda Peak".
These are the highest mountains in Antarctica. The existence of the mountain range became known only in 1957. Since the mountains were discovered by American planes, they were later named Vinson Massif, in honor of the famous American politician Carl Vinson.
View of Vinson Massif from space:
It is the highest point in Africa, a huge dormant volcano with two well-defined peaks in northeastern Tanzania. The mountain has had no documented eruptions, but local legends speak of volcanic activity 150-200 years ago.
The highest one is Kibo Peak, an almost regular cone with powerful glaciation.
The name comes from the Swahili language and supposedly means "the mountain that sparkles."
The snow cap that has covered the top of the mountain for 11,000 years since the last Ice Age is rapidly melting. Over the past 100 years, the volume of snow and ice has decreased by more than 80%. It is believed that this is not caused by a change in temperature, but by a decrease in the amount of snowfall.
The highest peak in Africa was first conquered by the German traveler Hans Meyer in 1889.
The highest mountains in the world have different names, but at the same time they can be called briefly - Seven Peaks is a term that appeared in 1985 at the suggestion of Richard Bass (the man who first conquered all seven peaks) and united the seven highest peaks on each continent. This association is not equal to the rating of the highest mountains in the world, most of which are located in Nepal. This list is made up of mountains, each of which is the highest on its continent.
The highest peak in North America is located in Alaska and is the center of Denali National Park. The top of Mount McKinley is 6194 meters from the ground. This mountain is the third in the world in terms of topographic position, it was overtaken only by Everest and Aconcagua. And if you take into account the ratio of the base to the peak, then McKinley is the highest mountain in the world. The mountain got its name in honor of the American president, and the Indian name - Denali - means "great".
Part of the Andes and with a height of 6959 meters, Mount Aconcagua is considered the highest peak in South America. The mountain is located in the Argentine province of Mendoza and is 15 km away from the border with Chile. The name of the mountain comes from the words in the language of the Quechua people "stone guard".
Europe - Mount Elbrus (Russia)
Elbrus is an inactive 5642 meter high volcano located in the Caucasus Mountains on the border of Russia and Georgia.
Elbrus has several other names, the most romantic of which is translated from Adyghe and Kabardino-Circassian means "mountain that brings happiness."
Asia - Mount Everest (Nepal / China)
The highest mountain in the world, Everest, is located exactly on the border of Nepal and China. Everest is part of the Himalayas - the highest mountain range in the world. It is here that the highest mountains in the world are located. The height of Everest is 8848 meters. Everest attracts all climbers in the world and this is understandable. Technically, Everest's routes are not very difficult, but they add to them problems such as altitude sickness, strong winds and disgusting weather conditions. The name Everest is English - in honor of the head of the geodetic service, who first told the European community about this peak. The mountain has the Tibetan name Chomolungma (the divine mother of life) and the equivalent Nepalese Sagarmatha (mother of the gods).
The highest mountain on the African continent is an extinct volcano, the highest point of which is 5895 meters distant from sea level. Moreover, Kilimanjaro has three peaks, two of which are extinguished, and the third may well wake up. Kilimanjaro erupted 360,000 years ago, but volcanic activity at Kibo Peak (the highest of the three) was seen 200 years ago, suggesting that the volcano is potentially active. In Swahili, the name Kilimanjaro means "sparkling mountain".
The highest point of Oceania is also the tallest mountain in the world and is located on the island. Punchak Jaya is located in the west of the island of New Guinea. The height of Punchak-Jaya Mountain, which is also called simply Jaya or Karstenza Pyramid, is 4884 meters. The name of the mountain in Indonesian means "mountain of victory".
Antarctica - Mount Vinson
The seventh of the highest mountains in the world got its name in honor of Carl Vinson, an American eminent politician. The Vinson Massif is part of the Ellsworth Mountains and has a highest point 4892 meters from sea level.
Seven mountains, each of which is unique in its origin and beauty, beckon climbers from all over the world. The climbers who have conquered the Seven Peaks are united in an informal community.