25 01.19

Which plaster is better: gypsum or cement? All the nuances of finishing during the renovation

During repairs, in almost all cases, alignment of the walls is required. This process is quite difficult for beginners, since a high-quality job can be done not only thanks to professional skills, but also to the right mixture.

It is often difficult to decide which plaster to choose: gypsum or cement. Each of these materials has its own pros and cons. This article will go into detail about the features of these two materials.

Features of gypsum plaster

Gypsum plaster is very popular. Such material is used frequently and has wide application.

Application.

The scope of application of gypsum plaster is very wide. In the bathroom, this material is used:

To align the walls.

To prepare the surface before bowing to wallpaper or tiling walls with ceramic tiles.

In order for the wall cladding to be decorative.

This material is great for making concrete and brick finishes. If this mixture is used, then additional use of plaster is not required.

Advantages and disadvantages of gypsum plaster

Advantages of gypsum plaster.

This mixture is a good material for finishing a bathroom or toilet. Its advantages:

gypsum plaster is an environmentally friendly blend. There is no release of harmful substances into the air that can harm the human body.

No shrinkage is required when using gypsum plaster. When the material is dry, cracks will not appear, and the surface will be smooth, as it was before it hardened.

The weight of such a material is small. This can significantly reduce the load on the walls.

Due to its plasticity, gypsum plaster allows you to apply the material without using a reinforcing mesh.

Gypsum plaster has excellent vapor permeability. This allows moisture to circulate normally, so mildew and mildew are not a threat.

It is quite easy to apply plaster of paris. Fast hardening; even a thick layer dries completely in a couple of days.

Gypsum plaster allows you to make the room warm and soundproof.

The main advantages of this material are listed above. Nowadays, it is very easy to find such a material, since there are a huge variety of different mixtures from various manufacturers on the market. You can choose the mixture that you like best or for the price.

Disadvantages.

In addition to many advantages, the gypsum mixture has its disadvantages:

Gypsum plaster does not tolerate strong moisture.

Gypsum plaster is worth more than other mixtures. Sometimes the price is so high that it is twice as expensive as the cement mixture.

For all its pros and cons, gypsum plaster is used very often to decorate a bathroom.

Cement plaster

Such material is no less popular. It is more reliable and durable. In order to mix the solution, you will need not only cement, but also a little sand and water.

With the help of cement mortar, you can perfectly level the walls. This material is suitable for use in rooms with high humidity. Allows to prepare walls for painting, for gluing wallpaper and for laying with tiles.

This material is versatile and has good technical properties.

Advantages and disadvantages of cement plaster

Main advantages:

This material has excellent strength. It is stronger than gypsum plaster.

Cement plaster quickly and reliably adheres to the wall, and therefore has a long service life.

The cement mixture is moisture resistant. This material is great for decorating a bathroom, even in places where plumbing is located.

Low material cost.

Disadvantages:

Has considerable weight. Therefore, a correct calculation of the load is necessary.

Freezes for fourteen days.

It is quite difficult to apply such material.

you need to use a reinforced mesh to line the wall.

It is not suitable for decoration, since it has a not very beautiful gray tint.

After the cement mixture hardens, additional processing with a putty is required.

When choosing a material for finishing a bathroom, you need to think carefully about everything and choose exactly the material that is most suitable.

Nowadays there are few people who can be surprised by the wallpaper. Despite the fact that manufacturers in this area are constantly improving, inventing new technological processes for their manufacture and external effects, this wall decoration has a number of significant disadvantages. Decorative plaster is a great alternative. It is a safe and practical finish that looks good and is easy to clean. There are a lot of varieties of decorative plaster, you can choose the effect for each interior, room or building, taking into account their main purpose.

You can decorate the entire room or part of it: one or two walls, or even a small area. Plaster is harmoniously combined with other types of finishes, and a good choice of shade and volumetric texture will ideally complement any interior.

The work on applying decorative plaster is carried out relatively easily and, if desired, you can master them yourself. To apply it, you do not need to thoroughly level the walls and this is its additional advantage. The design of the wall covering can be as complex, in the Venetian style, for example, or romantic, ascetic - whatever! It all depends on your desire, taste and capabilities.

What plaster is made of, and what types is it?

Decorative plaster is completely safe for human health and the environment, its composition is usually based on one of the components such as cement, acrylic or silicone. It is according to the main ingredient that the material is classified, since the properties of the final product directly depend on it.

It is also important to use each type of plaster for its intended purpose and not otherwise.

1. If we are talking about outdoor decoration, then only types are used for such work - they are more resistant to temperature extremes, atmospheric phenomena and ultraviolet radiation.
2. Interior decoration - the element of interior types of plasters.

When choosing this or that type of material, take into account the peculiarities of its operation. Whether there will be high humidity in the room or it is not heated - it depends on which type of plaster is better to use. The type of design is also important - what should be the final result of finishing, what types of relief, patterns and the degree of roughness are provided for in the style of the interior. Let's consider the possible options.

It is made on a cement basis, it can also contain lime, sandstone, clay and similar components. Due to its composition, this type of plaster has affordable prices and a wide range.

On sale it is presented in the form of a dry mixture, which has a number of advantages:

1. Possibility of long-term storage at any temperature conditions. The dry mixture can be stored in unheated warehouses; it does not deteriorate at low or high temperatures. The main requirement is a dry room.
2. You can prepare any amount of plaster needed for the job at the moment. This is especially convenient for finishing large areas when work takes several days.
3. When preparing a working solution on your own, it is easy to vary its consistency. It may depend on the type of finish, for a smooth finish or work, a thinner plaster is needed, and for a volumetric design, a thicker plaster.

You already know that, first of all, the type of product depends on the conditions for which it will be used. When it comes to facade work, then, of course, it is necessary to give preference to materials that can withstand sub-zero temperatures, moisture and ultraviolet radiation.

It is also important here what result you plan to achieve: for a stricter appearance, simple acrylic plaster is suitable, not expensive and quite attractive, it can decorate the facade. However, if you can afford more durable materials, of a higher cost, then of course you should prefer silicone plaster - more expensive, but it will also last much longer!

If a simple smooth surface seems too primitive to you, you should pay attention to ready-made structural plasters - "lamb", "bark beetle", "fur coat" - they look more interesting, and they also serve for a long time.

It is important when choosing a material, whether you will do the coating yourself or entrust the work to specialists. If you plan to plaster yourself, choose materials that are easier to work with. This is the same "bark beetle" - you can correct the flaws in the campaign, or acrylic plaster, with which you can make your fantasies come true. For beginners, ready-made plasters are better suited; it is enough to mix them before using. When buying dry mixes, you need to very carefully observe the proportion with water, otherwise you will get a consistency that is not convenient for work and all plans will go down the drain.

2. Interior decoration of the premises.

But as for the interior decoration - here the choice is simply huge and there are many options. Again, think about which room you are planning to buy decorative plaster for. If it is or, it is worth stopping at vapor and moisture resistant materials. Depending on financial capabilities, it can be acrylic, or better - silicone plaster. They perfectly withstand moisture, dampness and prevent the formation of mildew and mildew.

Living quarters can be finished with absolutely any kind of plaster intended for interior work! What is especially attractive, the types of materials can be combined with each other, say, in a room finished with mineral plaster of the same tone, to highlight some zones in the Venetian design. If there are columns or ledges, flock plaster will perfectly decorate them. One or two walls covered with structural plaster will favorably emphasize the overall style of the interior. Here you need to rely on your sense of taste, the size of the room and its purpose.

Conclusion

Decorative plaster is a modern, environmentally friendly and practical material. With its help, you can get various effects: from a simple imitation of water ripples to pompous Venetian stained glass windows. This material is durable and easy to care for, which will allow, once having made a repair, not to think about it for many years. The main thing here is to choose the right type of plaster, which is really necessary, and to use it correctly, otherwise it all depends on your imagination!

Such finishing material as decorative plaster is in increasing demand. Its growing popularity is easy to explain. It has excellent aesthetic characteristics, is easy and simple to apply to the base, and is absolutely safe for health. It stands out for its increased resistance to harmful external influences, ultraviolet light, dirt, water, physical and mechanical stress. It is not cheap, but among the whole variety of assortment, it is really possible to choose an inexpensive and budget mixture.

It is a building material for cladding horizontal and vertical surfaces, produced by ready-made liquid substances or dry powder. In most cases, in modern solutions, and these are ready-made mixtures, the basis of the composition of this material is acrylic and dispersion compounds. Depending on the variety, various decorative impurities are added, in the form of natural stones (marble, quartz, malachite, etc.), glazing coloring pigments for color and color, silk, mica, glass, metal, wood elements, and a lot of other fillers ... In the manufacture of ordinary plaster, mainly minerals are used, which cannot give the same strength, therefore, different compounds are added. The chemical composition can be mixed from different formations, polymers, minerals, etc.

1. It is divided into structural varieties, which, when applied, form a finished structure and relief, thanks to special additives. More often these are mineral formations, for example, many types of mortar with a gypsum base, maybe with the addition of polymers. Structural types have a heterogeneous thick mass, applied in thick layers with a spatula.
2. Textured mixtures are also produced, with a ready-made texture, thanks to fillers in the composition, for example, silk, metal, and other effects. Textured solutions are more often produced with polymer additives, including those containing mineral components. It is laid in thin layers, has a homogeneous liquid consistency, some of them are applied with a brush.

Binder composition:

• Acrylic.
• Silicate.
• Silicone.
• Latex.
• Lime.
• Gypsum.
• Cement.
• Clay.

The most budgetary representatives are made from mineral compounds. There are mixed compositions with a predominance of one component or another, always with the addition of plasticizers, antiseptics, hardeners, and disintegrants, which contribute to imparting positive qualities, increasing plasticity and durability.

Widespread solutions are dispersion acrylic mixtures and plaster from gypsum material. They can be either ready-made liquid substances or in the form of a powder. Some species require additional additives in the form of paint and decorative elements, or mandatory coloring after application, since colorless varieties are found.

The decorative mixture can be made independently, usually this procedure is performed in order to save money and from plaster types, where decorating elements are added independently. For example, diluting gypsum plaster with a primer and adding stone granules, as well as color, get a decorating mixture.

Due to its ability to fill cracks and depressions, decorative plaster can be used to eliminate various small flaws and defects, but will not work for leveling walls. It combines two properties, it is used as a decorative element and surface protection.

The advantage of decorative plaster

• Decorative plaster is characterized by excellent vapor permeable properties, but this depends on the amount of polymer content, with a large ratio of polymer compounds content, the throughput is significantly reduced.
• The vapor permeability suggests that the walls, in the decoration of which it was used, cannot be affected by fungus and mold. The breathable effect of the coating also provides natural ventilation of the air, which is why it does not accumulate moisture in itself. This material is odorless and non-flammable.
• Due to its composition, it is not susceptible to cracking, does not shrink, and creates a particularly durable coating. It is practical in such rooms as a bathroom, a bathroom, a kitchen, it is not afraid of odors or moisture.
• Unlike ordinary plaster, decorative plaster has a long service life. This is explained by the fact that over time it only increases its own density, and does not "loosen up". Also, coatings are used for different purposes, one is leveled, the other is decorated.
• It is worth considering the fact that the decorative mixture is used in places with an irregular geometric shape, since it can visually change the appearance. This method is used when alignment is too expensive.
• This material can be applied to almost any substrate. The exception is wood and metal, and even in this case, it can be applied if the base is properly processed. Decorative plaster for modern owners looking for a beautiful wall finish is just a godsend.
• It has a wide range of applications, it is used for decorating walls in apartments and houses, in the kitchen, bathroom, bedroom, nursery, balcony, corridor and living room. It is practical for cladding the exterior of buildings, facades, plinths, home stairwells, columns, etc.
• The coatings to which this material has been applied are very easy to keep clean. When caring for them, it is enough to use any common detergent. The composition of the plaster includes binding elements that provide excellent resistance to the negative effects of water. Even with frequent cleaning, the surface retains its color and contrast.

Aesthetic qualities of decorative plaster

• A notable feature of decorative plaster is that it can imitate natural building materials. It will not be difficult to choose such an option, which in appearance would resemble limestone, marble or shell rock. Also, when using such plaster, it is easy to create textures close to fabrics or wallpaper.
• Some varieties, especially textured ones, have such effects as reflective overflows, a metallic glow imitating different metals, gold, silver, steel. Can be matte, glossy, or blended effects, with interesting transitions and depth.
• The relief can be formed both by manipulation of the tool, as well as thanks to special granules of different diameters. A variety of handy tools are used to create texture, such as a textured roller, pressing a brush, a broom, a regular package, and by hand.
• Moreover, during the editing process, you can show all your creative abilities. The opportunity is given to create artistic stucco molding and attractive volumetric patterns, whatever you want, forming a monolithic seamless surface, smooth and embossed.
• Any homeowner can handle the application of this material. This is explained by the fact that decorative plaster allows you to create the most original and varied textures on surfaces, the features of which depend on the fraction of grains of the material and the method of application. In addition to creating drawings, skills and artistic talent are required here, and the hired work itself is highly paid. But the high cost of material and hired labor is offset by beauty and durability.

Good plaster lasts for decades. Now gypsum mixes have replaced cement finishing coatings. But not all plasterers give up the usual materials. Let's take a look at the strengths and weaknesses of gypsum and cement mixtures and figure out which plaster is better.

Features of a cement-based plaster mixture

The word "plaster" comes from the Italian term stuccatura, which denoted the finishing materials familiar to the Romans (lime, alabaster, gypsum). Modern plaster is understood as a hardened building mixture intended for leveling walls. It is unambiguous to say which solution is better, and which cannot be worse. The optimal coating composition depends on many factors.

Plaster solutions have been used for thousands of years for finishing houses, apartments, building facades. The demanded finishing material has evolved along with humanity. Over the past decades, builders have mainly used cement coatings in the construction and repair of houses.

The mixture consists of cement (main component), sand (filler), plasticizers. Limestone, gypsum, or combinations thereof are used as the latter. Solutions are distinguished by the proportions of the components and depending on the surfaces to be finished. Cement-based coatings cover walls outside, inside buildings. Moreover, in the latter case, the premises can be unheated and with high humidity.

The strengths of cement finishing mortars include:

• versatility;
• plasticity remains for several hours - you can immediately prepare a large volume, spending it as needed;
• the strength of the finishing layer;
• affordable price.

However, cement plaster is far from ideal. Masters note the following disadvantages:

• the mixture does not fit well on the concrete base:
• the layer dries for about 14 days, which reduces the pace of finishing work;
• high humidity when working with the mixture - for the crystallization of cement particles, the surface to be finished must be sprayed with water;
• the main component is cement gives the finished surface an unsightly gray color;
• at the final stage, finishing puttying is mandatory;
• during work, a suspension of sand and cement rises into the air, getting into the respiratory tract.

The main problem when working with cementitious coatings is cracked topcoat. In addition, as it dries, the composition will shrink, which will lead to the appearance of irregularities. By the way, for this reason, additional equipment (heating elements, hair dryers, heat guns) is not used to dry the premises.

Thus, the cement-based finishing mortar is suitable for walls in technical rooms, facade works, in apartments with rough and.

Advantages and disadvantages of gypsum coatings

Despite all the advantages of cement mortar, gypsum plaster confidently competes with it for interior decoration. As the name suggests, the main component of the mixture is gypsum powder made from a natural mineral. During the production process, after a long heat treatment, this powder is crushed. As a result, the finer the fraction (grain size), the better the surface to be treated.

In addition to gypsum, the composition of the solution includes natural or synthetic fillers, polymer additives. For leveling walls, the shape and size of the grains are of no small importance. In addition, fillers reduce mixture costs and increase the strength of the finishing layer. And polymer ingredients increase the adhesion of the solution, make it more elastic.

Based on the technical characteristics of the finishing coating, we can highlight its advantages:

• High adhesion - the solution can be applied to any substrate;
• Leveling ability - a surface finished with a plaster coating is immediately ready for painting, whitewashing, wallpapering;
• The consumption of this mixture is lower than that of cement. True, for this you need to observe the rules and technology of work;
• Solid thickness of the finishing layer - sometimes it reaches 6 cm;
• It is easy to work with the mixture - it fits well on the surface, smoothes, smoothes;
• The surface treated with such plaster acquires additional sound and heat insulation qualities.

Despite all its positive qualities, gypsum coating is not widely used. There are reasons for this:

• Price. Gypsum mix costs 1.5–2 times more expensive than cement mix;
• Strength. The surface plastered with a plaster coating does not withstand mechanical damage;
• The solution sets quickly, therefore, in order to avoid overspending, it will have to be prepared in small batches;
• The need to use additional materials. For example, when treating a concrete surface, it is necessary to use primer solutions, and plastering metal surfaces without a waterproofing layer is unacceptable. In addition, it is not recommended to lay tiles on this decorative coating. When the adhesive comes into contact with the finishing material, ettringite is formed - a mineral that destroys gypsum.

The main disadvantage of such a mixture is the undesirability of using it for surface treatment outside the house.

There are three types of gypsum finishing coatings. The first is a fine-grained solution, which includes carefully ground sand. It is recommended to apply such material in layers of 0.5–0.8 cm thick. For leveling, a second layer is applied. The main area of ​​application is ceiling decoration.

Medium-grained gypsum building mixture is the most demanded and, as a result, widespread. It is the main competitor for cement-based mortars. Allowable thickness is 5 cm.

To hide significant surface defects, coarse-grained gypsum plaster is used. As a rule, with its help, broken slopes are repaired, facades are updated. By the way, in the latter case, the selected mixture must be checked for resistance to water. Sometimes, despite the claims of the manufacturers, it is better to play it safe and apply a protective layer.

Working with gypsum and cement plaster - comparative analysis

The main factor that determines which plaster is better and which is worse is the characteristics declared by the manufacturer. But along with them, secondary factors must be taken into account - ease of use, the need to use additional materials.

At first glance, the advantages of gypsum coatings are obvious - they are elastic, adhere to any surface, and adhere easily. And the faster the layer hardens, the faster the work moves. But with insufficient skill, the prepared batch of plaster will dry out. It cannot be reused. In other words, the cost of a mistake is an additional cost, and the cost of gypsum plaster is not very affordable.

The cement-based plaster dries for at least two hours, which makes it possible to cover large areas in one go. However, the adhesion of such a composition is lower and in some cases (ceiling, corners) the surface will have to be reinforced with a plaster mesh. On the one hand, this entails additional labor costs, on the other hand, the strength of such a plaster is several times higher.

As you can see, the answer to the question of which plaster to choose will be ambiguous. For outdoor use, cement plaster is the best option. But gypsum solution is an excellent option for working inside an apartment (with the exception of the kitchen, bathroom,). In rooms with high humidity, you will have to varnish the finished surface.

High-quality wall decoration with modern materials is impossible without a perfectly flat surface. Therefore, upon completion of construction or before starting repairs, it is imperative to eliminate all defects and plaster the walls. This stage is easy to do with your own hands, observing the technology and listening to the advice of professionals. And although self-processing of walls is considered one of the most time-consuming processes, a home craftsman with basic construction skills can handle it.

How to choose a method for plastering walls with your own hands?

It is always easier to work on the prepared surface, especially when you have to renew the old layer. In old houses, where the walls have already been plastered, this is done during major repairs. Private houses sag over time, walls bend, and improved plastering of the walls has to be done. Before painting or wallpapering with a cement mixture and plaster, it is easy to eliminate all irregularities and defects. Decorative plastering of walls is also used for outdoor decoration.

A new brick building involves complex plastering, including working with a starting mixture and perfect leveling with a finishing compound. It is impossible to work on a flat concrete slab in typical houses without notches so that the plaster adheres well. Often, finishing is completed by applying decorative plaster - Venetian or textured.

Interior design in wooden houses often involves the internal alignment of the walls of a log house and partitions with plaster for wallpaper or painting. Plastering cannot be dispensed with when finishing drywall and arched structures.

Today, the main types of plastering are distinguished:

• exterior and interior work;
• "Dry" and "wet" processing;
• manual work and mechanized labor.

The laborious process can be facilitated with the help of a team of plasterers and painters with specialized machines. But with such plastering of walls, the price in total may seem too high. Therefore, some of the work often has to be done by hand, although mechanized leveling with plaster is considered to be of higher quality.

In the "wet" method, the plaster is applied in the form of prepared compositions of various formulations, including gypsum, cement and dry starting mixtures. The "dry" method of lapping is the sheathing of the surface with sheet materials, including gypsum fiber, drywall, and various composite materials. Seams and traces of fasteners still have to be plastered to get high-quality plastering of walls.

Some types of finishing materials themselves level the prepared walls at the finishing stage, on which a reinforcing mesh is applied under the starting mixtures. At the same time, the cost of plastering walls at the start and finish stages is noticeably different, with different types of finishes. Therefore, the prices are specified for their region directly with the construction company.

Preparatory work

The final result ultimately depends on the high-quality surface preparation. In old buildings and on the objects of the secondary real estate market, the walls, although processed, are often far from ideal. They have to be prepared for repair - for painting, wallpapering, decorative panels or tiles. In all cases, alignment or finishing is required, that is, you still cannot do without preliminary plastering, even if it is one of the walls or part of it.

Any surface is first thoroughly cleaned with a small spatula, removing:

• old wallpaper;
• peeling paint;
• crumbled cement mixture;
• any swelling and peeling of finishing materials;
• household dirt and greasy stains, soot, soot, wax, salted out, etc.

After stripping, the wall is washed with a damp sponge (possibly with soapy water) and dried. After that, a special primer is applied to the smooth surface - for greater adhesion. The layer of high-quality treatment of the walls with the starting mixture should be at least 3-4 cm, even if it is supposed to apply Venetian or textured plaster on top.

The walls covered with wooden planks under the plaster are slightly split along the grain line and wedges are driven in so that when the wood shrinks, the surface does not crack. A special primer is applied to metal surfaces, pre-cleaning with a metal brush. Metal lintels, corner and other parts are covered with a reinforcing mesh.

Advice: On concrete goods, before puttingty, be sure to make notches with an old ax (the new one will become dull) so that the roughness contributes to excellent adhesion.

The most unpleasant thing is mold on the walls, as a sign of dampness, which starts up due to poor waterproofing. Sometimes damp corners cannot be “drained” for years. Even if you remove the entire layer of old plaster to the brickwork, the dampness will not go away without proper waterproofing.

Attention: It is difficult to deal with mold and mildew on the walls, but this must be done before applying the plaster. And this is important not only for aesthetics, but also for health, since its spores are toxic. After waterproofing the walls from fungus and mold must be treated with a special construction fungicide!

Sometimes the presence of fungus under the plaster is visually difficult to determine, but after a while it will swell and fall off in layers. To detect such a hidden nuisance, the wall is tapped with a hammer. Do not regret that the surface of the hay peeled off in pieces - this would have happened much later or at the stage of finishing work. When the surface gets wet and the load on it increases, poor-quality processing will reveal all the unexpected surprises, and everything would have to be redone. Therefore, the assessment of the quality of the wall is carried out at the first stage, then you can choose any finishing methods for plastering the walls.

The next important step is to check the verticality of the walls, which is carried out with a plumb line along a stretched cord. Lighthouses are made on them for plaster so that the surface is perfectly flat. Otherwise, defects will be revealed when the backlight is connected, when the side lights show all the flaws.

At the initial stage, irregularities and defects in the walls are much easier to eliminate than after finishing. To do this, be sure to:

• fill pits and depressions with plaster, plaster, clay or cement mixture (depending on the type of walls);
• bulges cut off or clean off;
• strengthen the cracks and close the seams;
• check the integrity of the walls and partitions at the joints and strengthen;
• reinforce crumbling walls with a reinforcing mesh (facade, plaster, painting).

To work with a reinforcing mesh, a layer of plaster (putty) is applied to the prepared surface over the primer, where the mesh is recessed. When the solution sets, a second layer of the ready-made "wet" mixture is applied over the mesh. Then you can go on to finishing plastering the walls with your own hands.

Plastering solutions

The quality of work depends on the choice of a "wet" solution and its proportional ratio. If there is clay in the composition of the old walls, then the heavy cement mixture will fall off from it. But it is ideal for the starting surface of precast concrete finishing. The composition of the mortar when plastering walls affects its plasticity or "fat content", the speed of setting and further hardness.

For self-made plaster, coarse-grained river sand is used - it has ideal adhesion. Sea sand is not suitable for construction. Pumice, fine slag or "hot" sand is also used, but it must be sieved through a fine mesh. Pumice is the lightest natural material of volcanic origin, making it an ideal lightweight aggregate, albeit rare.

1. Composition based on clay of medium fat content (plasticity) - for 1 part, 2 parts of sand and 10% fibrous materials, for greater strength. First, the filler is mixed with sand, then they are introduced into clay mixed to the consistency of sour cream. A composition of low strength comes out on the clay, so 1 more part of the lime dough is added under the whitewash.

2. For a cement-sand mortar with lime paste (of a different composition for external finishing), 1 - 5 parts of high-quality sand are mixed in 1 part and thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous consistency. The proportion of the multicomponent mixture depends on the brand of cement:

• grade 200 - 1: 2: 16;
• grade 150 - 1.0: 1.5: 10.5;
• grade 100 - 1.0: 0.8: 7.0;
• 50 - 1,0:0,2:3,5.

3. A strong composition is obtained on the basis of gypsum - 1 part is mixed with 2 parts of lime dough and sand, adding 20% ​​of fibrous components, diluted with water to the desired consistency.

4. For starting and finishing works on the processing of external and internal walls, a ready-made multicomponent mixture is sold in building supermarkets. It is supplied by manufacturers in convenient packaging and contains recommendations for use.

5. There is also a ready-made "terrazite" plaster, which is applied in layers. It is a dry mix based on cement, hydrated lime, sand, decorative fillers and pigments.

6. There are other special plasters, for example, a mixture for aerated concrete, "acoustic" plaster with aluminum powder - gives the maximum level of noise absorption. And "stone" plaster "gives a special decorative effect. Structural mixture also, after drying, looks like a surface with a special pattern. Multicolor plaster also belongs to decorative mixtures, where pigment is added. And "Venetian" plaster plays with light, like marble, but it can only be applied by a specialist.

In any building supermarket, they will advise several types of dry plaster, plus all kinds of pigments (dyes) and structural fillers for them.

Attention: When buying, be sure to ask for instructions and first take an interest in:

• in what proportion to dilute the dry mixture;
• working time before setting and time interval until complete drying;
• application technology;
• in what temperature range can you work;
• what tool is needed.

External surface plastering technology

The outer wall, in addition to decorative properties, must meet all the requirements for quality and reliability in operation. It is much more susceptible to the destructive effects of an aggressive external environment:

• temperature drops;
• rain and high humidity;
• direct sunlight and extremely cold temperatures lead to dryness and cracking.

External plaster must be at the same time:

• elastic and durable;
• waterproof and porous;
• decorative and durable.

All these requirements are met by ready-made mixtures for plastering external walls. Ideally, there should be 2 types of plaster - starting and finishing, fixed with a reinforcing mesh. These works are easy to do on your own, but they are done in several stages:

1. Clean the wall surface and check that it is vertical.

2. Eliminate all defects.

3. Moisten with cement mortar or apply a special primer.

4. Fix on the wall special beacons for plaster, which will help to withstand a sufficient layer and vertical.

5. Prepare the plaster mixture according to the recipe, in small portions, which is easy to install in 40-60 minutes.

6. The starting solution is thrown with sharp movements, with force, quickly leveled, along the way filling the pores, seams and notches.

7. It is much safer to work if a reinforcing mesh is immersed in the first layer, which is recommended for all types of external plaster. On top of it, a finishing, decorative or textured plaster is applied.

8. The finished layer is leveled and rubbed in a circular motion with a special trowel.

9. Under the whitewash, lime-based plaster is applied in a small layer, and after drying, it is applied again, then whitewashed (painted) from a spray gun or specially from a spray gun.

An example is plastering walls with your own hands, video at the end of the article.

Internal plastering technology

Inside residential buildings and indoor spaces, you can use types of plaster mixtures that are more sensitive to external factors, intended only for internal wall cladding. However, if it is applied to brick or masonry with seams, it is imperative to level the surface in a general manner, even if it is "stone" plaster.

1. It is not recommended to plaster any surface until the walls have completely shrunk and the masonry mortar has hardened. After preparing the surface and applying a primer or wetting the wall, the finished mixture is applied to the surface in a thin layer - less than for outdoor work.

2. First, beacons are set to adjust the plaster layer. In the resulting space (vertical stripes), plaster is applied and leveled.

3. In the starting plaster, if additional fixing of the layer is required, a reinforcing mesh is embedded. To do this, you need to remove the lighthouses and fill in the composition of the traces from them.

4. It is not necessary to make beacons on a flat surface of a fortified wall, but it is imperative to periodically check the vertical and horizontal with the building level.

5. It is better to pour the solution from the bottom surface and remove it perfectly evenly with the tool. Depending on the type of plaster, it is applied in different ways. Throw a thick mixture with a smooth slap of a trowel, throw a liquid one with a sharp throw.

6. The layer of plaster is leveled with a zigzag float and the dried surface is rubbed in a circular motion.

8. The joint of the plaster with some finishing and building materials forms cracks. And they are removed only with the help of a competent grouting grid plaster. Example - plastering walls, video: