The amount in payment receipts increases on a quarterly basis, especially during a crisis period for the country. But at the same time, the quality of utilities leaves much to be desired. Times are tough for tenants when the heating is turned off. In such a situation, management companies responsible for providing hot water supply to apartment buildings often work in bad faith and strive to evade responsibility.
Temperature standards
Of course, a lot depends on the preferences of the residents - some like it colder and are content with a low temperature of 18 ° C, others, instead of thick sweaters and socks, prefer cozy warmth and 24-25 ° C. But you need to know what temperature should be in our apartment according to legislative acts , since not only the health and well-being of the family depends on this, but also the budget.
The temperature in the apartment is contained in " GOST R 51617-2000. Housing and communal services. General specifications". These are the values required to calculate the maximum output of the heating devices. Stairways in residential buildings should have a temperature of 14-20 ° C. This is the space that residents use for a short time, no more than an hour and are dressed in outerwear.
In the inter-apartment corridors, as well as in the lobbies, the temperature is 16-22 ° C. In hallways, living rooms and kitchens with gas or electric stoves, the temperature is 18-25 ° C. These premises are intended for permanent residence (i.e. more than 4 hours). Highest temperature 24 ° C - valid for bathroom calculations. Also, the norm is regulated Sanitary rules and SanPiN.
Medical standards for temperature conditions in a residential area
A little about what the optimal temperature should be in the house according to medical recommendations. The norms for living quarters are 22 ° C. This temperature provides high thermal comfort with an air humidity of 30%. Higher room temperatures can irritate the respiratory tract, produce mucus, and become susceptible to bacteria and viruses in the nose and throat. The only exception is the bathroom, where water vapor rises, and even higher temperatures do not threaten health.
When the child is at home, the temperature in the apartment should be raised by at least 1 degree, and in the bathroom or another room where he bathes, up to 28 degrees. In adult bedrooms, the temperature can be slightly cooler than in the living room - about 20 ° C. This figure guarantees deeper sleep and, therefore, better rest.
Heat rate control
In order to maintain the above recommendations and to minimize heating costs, it is necessary to properly control the heat norms, taking care of the thermal insulation of the house. It is necessary to seal the window and door frames. Do not block radiators in the room, do not paint them with a thick layer of paint, and do not hang thick window curtains over them (heaters are usually installed under windows). Place furniture and equipment at a minimum distance of 1 meter from radiators.
It is recommended to regulate the temperature schedule of the heating system in individual rooms using manual or electronic thermostats. When installed even on an old heater, the electronic head can be adjusted to a temperature of up to 0.5 degrees, and program the heat output for a whole week, taking into account the time of day and the habits of local residents.
Modern thermostats will also adjust the heat output in accordance with external conditions - warming or cooling outside, sunlight, etc. You do not need to completely turn off the heat, all you need to do is to lower the temperature, for example, by setting the economy mode to 15 ° C. A decrease in temperature even by 1 ° C increases heat savings by 5-7.5%.
Factors affecting temperature
The temperature readings in the apartment are influenced by many factors, primarily external. They fluctuate due to the following conditions:
- turning off the heating;
- climatic features of the place;
- change of seasons;
- individual features of individual apartments.
The heating temperature schedule also depends on where the property owners live. For example, in northern latitude it will differ from the southern climate. The influence of factors such as atmospheric pressure and outdoor humidity also affect the normal value of the heat supply system in any month.
As the seasons change, the microclimate in the living rooms also differs. For example, during the winter months the temperature will be lower and during the hot season it will rise. When in the spring they stop supplying heat to the radiators, observing the shutdown schedule, the temperature in the apartment also drops. For middle latitudes, the optimal value in winter is about 22 degrees, and in summer - 25 degrees. Although at first glance, the difference of three degrees is insignificant, but it affects the well-being of everyone living in an apartment or private house.
Indoor climate control
When heating cuts occur, the temperature regime in the apartment must be monitored for the comfort of all citizens living in it. There are people who feel comfortable and comfortable in the hot months, they do not need to install climate control equipment. Also, some in the winter cold constantly ventilate the room. But all the requirements of the average inhabitant are reflected in the current regulations for any heat supply company for which a central heating device shutdown schedule is set. After all, hypothermia, like overheating, has a negative effect on human health.
Among other things, norms also depend on gender. Women require higher temperature readings than men. Extremely carefully you need to observe the temperature regime in the apartment where the children live. They are not yet able to regulate their temperature, so they are prone to rapid overheating and freezing compared to adults. As a result, the heat rate for them should be stable and be about 22 degrees.
In accordance with the current sanitary standards, central temperature control systems must maintain indicators of at least and no more than 22 degrees, and all deviations from this value have a bad effect on well-being.
To maintain a normal temperature, certain conditions must be observed. Previously, the temperature was regulated with the help of batteries, and in order to warm up the room more, they used additional heat sources - various electric heaters, convectors, etc. To cool the room, they opened transoms and windows, thus solving the problem.
Today, scientific progress has made it possible to choose any climatic equipment that will provide comfortable conditions in apartments. For example, modern air conditioners not only cool the air flows coming from the street, but are also equipped with a heating function. They also have functions of dehumidification when the room is too humid, and purification of the air from harmful compounds.
The current sanitary regulations do not establish the temperature of the radiators. It is only important that the temperature in the housing corresponds to certain indicators, which is influenced by the differences in climatic conditions of the corresponding region. Indicators in the winter months should be at least 20 degrees. If this value is less, then the services of the heat supply organization are of poor quality.
At the same time, property owners need:
- strive to eliminate poor performance in the provision of public services;
- demand from the management company when the heating is turned off unscheduled;
- carefully seal up all the cracks in the windows and doors;
- buy additional equipment for heating the premises;
- supply autonomous heating devices.
How to increase or decrease the temperature
By GOST the lowest indicator in the apartment must correspond to 15 degrees. With this value, although it is quite difficult and uncomfortable to live, but the management companies believe that all the standards have been met. Because of this, the population independently regulates the temperature regime, and when cold weather or massive heating shutdowns come, they install double-glazed windows or seal the windows. At worst, they include electric heaters or convectors.
And what to do when the constant temperature in the house reaches 28 degrees, which happens when the batteries are too hot. The highest indicator in the standard is 24 degrees, to which an error of 4 degrees is added. When thermostats are installed on the radiator, then there are no questions, you just need to adjust it to the required figure.
When there are no such devices on the battery, it is not very convenient to open the vents all the time because of the drafts in the room. If there is a small child in the apartment, then such actions are not a way out, for older people this is completely contraindicated. To fix the situation, you can:
- turn off the tap in front of the radiator;
- install an air recuperator.
By closing the ball valve in front of the radiator, you will reduce the amount of hot water that is supplied. The recuperator will allow the air flows to circulate correctly, and the air flow will enter the housing already warmed up.
Optimum temperature during the heating season
Kaya is clear from the above, the comfortable value in the apartment is established SNIP at 20-22 degrees. Possible indicators are determined in the range of 18-26 degrees, in accordance with the purpose of the housing. Kitchens, living rooms and a bathroom have different standards. Errors correspond to 3 degrees of decrease and 4 degrees of increase in indicators. Unfortunately, according to the current legislative acts, when the apartment is 15 degrees above zero, claims cannot be made against the management companies. Also at a temperature of 30 degrees, when in winter the batteries are heated to the maximum. Here, as they say, - if you want to live - be able to turn around and contact the appropriate authorities.
Responsibility of public utilities for violations of norms
According to the law, tenants and homeowners have the right to apply for recalculation to management companies, which are obliged to reduce by 0.15 percent for every hour of violation of standards. If we calculate, then for 28 days of improper provision of services, the payment is reduced to 90 percent. Naturally, the utilities themselves will not carry out such a recalculation, so you will have to go to the courts.
There are many cases when residents of apartment buildings sued the utilities for money that was not fully provided or for poor quality services. For example, three years ago, Perm region managed to collect 136 thousand rubles from the management company for violating their obligations to provide heat to the apartment. Therefore, you should defend your rights and apply to.
Conclusion
The management company at the place of residence is obliged to provide the temperature according to the current standards and regulations. As a result, in case of identified cases of non-compliance with the quality of heating services, you must inform this organization and, if required, draw up an act.
If it comes to a private residential building, then it is necessary to control the supplied heating devices, increasing the efficiency of the batteries or to modern efficient devices.
How comfortable it will be in a residential building depends largely on whether it is warm in it or not. The air temperature in a city apartment is one of the most important factors in the formation of an optimal microclimate. But for different rooms, the temperature standards are different. Therefore, this article will consider the norms for heating residential premises and the main reasons for insufficient heating.
The norm is understood as the temperature range at which the activation of the compensation mechanisms of heating or cooling does not occur. It should be noted that most people feel comfortable when the temperature is in the range from +21 to +25 degrees.
For different groups of the population, this indicator is slightly different. For example, according to studies, the optimal air temperature in an apartment for children and women is + 23-25 degrees. And for men, these values are slightly lower and are within + 21-23 degrees. Psychologists and hygienists have identified heating standards in an apartment, at which a person feels best - this is 18-24 degrees above zero. Therefore, the lowest possible temperature in the room is +18 degrees.
It is at this value that a person can be in the house for a long time without outer clothing and without prejudice to his health. Heating standards in the apartment are regulated by law. During the cold period, certain climatic parameters must be maintained in residential buildings and apartments. All this is described in detail in the documentation. According to the norms, the calculation of payment for heating takes place. In different cases, the norms are established in different ways.
Since the heating parameters in an apartment depend on three factors:
When does the heating season start?
Considering the norms for switching on heating, it becomes clear that the heating season begins from the moment when the average daily temperature outside the window for 5 days does not exceed +8 degrees. The supply of heat stops if the outside air temperature is above +8 degrees, and this situation lasts more than five days.
Typically, the heating season lasts from mid-October to early April.
But it is worth noting that social facilities, educational institutions can apply to start heating ahead of time. Typically, 1.5-2 months before the start of the heating period, a test start of heating in city houses is carried out. At all entrances, announcements about the timing of the test run are posted. This is done in order to check the health of the system.
At the specified time, the tenants of the apartments are better off staying at home. Indeed, during a test run, a system leak may occur. It is mandatory to carry out commissioning of the heating system after the installation of the heat supply system or its repair and modernization. This allows you to check the readiness of engineering systems. And also bring them to the required operating parameters.
Apartment heating standards
The standard temperature in residential premises is + 20-22 degrees. Of course, some deviations are possible. The permissible temperature is from +18 to +24 degrees. But, if the room is corner, it is most exposed to wind and frost. Therefore, for such apartments, the temperature should not fall below +20 degrees.
Depending on the type of premises, the following standards are established:
During sleep, the need for warmth decreases slightly. Therefore, according to GOST, in the period from 24:00 to 5:00 in residential premises, the temperature can be lowered by 3 degrees. If the start of heating in an apartment building has occurred, and the batteries do not provide adequate heat and the temperature in the apartment is below the standard mark, residents have the right to apply for a recalculation of payment for heating services and not pay for the heat that they do not receive.
What are the features of heat supply systems for city apartments?
Sometimes, the temperature in the room at the beginning of the heating season is at a level below the established standard. There can be many reasons for this. Knowing how the heating system in an apartment building works, it is much easier to identify problems and fix them.
Briefly, the functioning of the system can be represented as follows. From the central boiler house, the heat carrier is supplied through the main pipelines to the heating unit of the house and is distributed to individual apartments. If the heating systems do not heat the room enough, then an additional adjustment of the degree of hot water supply is performed. This is done at a heating point. For such purposes, special circular pumps are used. The given method of water supply is called independent.
There is also a dependent heating system in an apartment building, in which the coolant enters the batteries of the apartments directly from the CHP without additional distribution. Also, heat supply systems, depending on the wiring diagram, can be single-pipe and two-pipe. Competent and correct wiring of heating in the house is the key to effective and high-quality heating.
In the case of an apartment building, it has a number of disadvantages. The big disadvantage is that hot water loses a lot of heat during transportation. The coolant is supplied from the bottom up. Therefore, on the upper floors, the batteries are often barely warm.
With this wiring diagram, it is impossible to adjust the radiators. Also, it is not possible to replace the batteries without draining the water from the entire circuit. But the situation is solved by installing jumpers. Such a heating system for a multi-storey building, on the one hand, is economical, but on the other hand, it contributes to the uneven distribution of heat throughout the apartments. The residents of the upper apartments are very cold in winter.
But it allows you to more evenly heat all apartments on all floors of the house. The two-pipe type circuit differs in that the water cooled down in the battery does not flow back into the same pipe, but into the return channel.
Why is the temperature in the apartment below normal and what to do?
If the heating system of a multi-storey building has started up, and the batteries remain cold or barely warm, you need to contact the communal office to establish the reasons for the ineffective heating. Service workers must come, record in the act the deviation of the temperature from the established standard. The problem should be resolved within a week. Otherwise, residents have the right to apply to higher authorities.
A common cause of cold batteries is an air lock in the system.
If the heating was turned off during the heating season, then most likely it is temporary, and is associated with repair work. Or, perhaps, one of the neighbors decided to change the battery or add new sections, which led to the need to turn off the heating.
In rooms with a central type of heating, they are most often installed. Sometimes in an apartment building, the heating pipes become clogged and need to be flushed. Only professionals should do this. After all, this requires special knowledge, skills, experience. You will need special hydropneumatic equipment, a mixture of water and compressed air. Heating systems can be cleaned without flushing the risers. The owner of the apartment can carry out this procedure on his own. True, it takes a lot of work and requires dismantling the batteries. All this makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the system functioning.
Poor heating may also be due to the fact that the power of the heating battery is low. This situation can be caused by the peculiarities of equipment installation. For example, if you install a radiator in a niche, then its thermal power will be several times less. If there are not enough battery sections, then the system will also not be able to heat the entire room as required. Therefore, it is so important to install heating units of the required power. According to the standards, the power of the radiator should be 1 kW per 10 sq. M.
Some residents use electricity for heating. Of course, the price for such heating at home is quite high. But this heating method is the easiest to operate and also the most reliable. Electric heating can be purely electric, hot water and combined. Consider how many kilowatts are needed to heat a house using an electric type of heating. This value depends on what the owner of the apartment plans to use for heating: an electric boiler, a convector or a "warm floor" system.
It is better to choose a three-phase electric boiler. Equipment power varies. To determine the required power of the boiler, the area of the house must be divided by 10. So, if the area of the house is 140 square meters, you will need a boiler with a capacity of 14 kW. To save money, you can set a two-tariff mode of using electrical energy. For convectors, the calculation is carried out in a similar way.
The "warm floor" system is the most convenient heating option. Because for each room you can set a certain temperature. For a house with a total area of 90 sq.m. electricity consumption will be from 5.5 to 9 kW.
Thus, there are statutory temperature standards in apartments. And if these standards are not respected, the heating systems of an apartment building do not sufficiently heat the room, the residents of the building have the right to contact the housing office to identify the cause of the current situation and demand an improvement in the quality of heat supply.
Apartment rate
- for a living room it is +18;
- for the kitchen +18;
- bathroom - +25.
- at the entrance +16;
- for an elevator it is +5 degrees;
- in the basement and in the attic +4.
Minimum rate
Unfortunately, therefore, one has to navigate by the air temperature in the room.
Living room temperature
What heating temperature should be in the apartment? Heating standards for an apartment in an apartment building should vary from +16 to +25 degrees.
Maximum rate
For this:
Usually, as the heating tariffs go up, people are also dissatisfied with its quality.
Perhaps this is just a negative reaction to new payments, or maybe the heating standards in an apartment in 2017 are really far from perfect.
In this case, consumers should know their rights and demand recalculation of payment for heat.
As autumn rolls around and it gets colder outside, apartment building residents check their radiators daily, hoping they've gotten hot. If this does not happen, then they begin to look for the culprits, although the norms for supplying heating in an apartment building are spelled out in decree No. 354 of 2011.
So it indicates that the supply of heat to the apartments begins provided that the air outside has cooled to +8 degrees and lasted at this mark or below for at least 5 days in a row.
Measuring the temperature in a living room
In the event that the temperature rises and falls to a critical one, the radiators will remain cold.
Heating is turned on only on the sixth day, and in most regions of the country this happens from October 15 and lasts a season until April 15.
Apartment rate
What is the temperature in the heating batteries of an apartment building should be? It is useful to know that each room has its own heating standard in an apartment building (2017).
Heating standards in apartment buildings 2017:
- for a living room it is +18;
- heating norms in corner apartments due to the presence of external cold walls are higher - +20 degrees;
- for the kitchen +18;
- bathroom - +25.
This is with regards to apartments, while for common premises the indicators are as follows:
- at the entrance +16;
- for an elevator it is +5 degrees;
- in the basement and in the attic +4.
All measurements in the apartment should be carried out along the inner wall of the room at least 1 m from the nearest outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor. If the obtained parameters do not correspond to the standards, then they should be presented to the heating network management. In this case, the payment may be reduced by 0.15% for each hour of rejection.
The temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment: normal
Minimum rate
It happens that even when the heating is turned on, there is still not enough heat in the apartment. This happens if the standard temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment does not correspond to the real one. As a rule, this happens for several reasons, the most popular of which is the airiness of the system. To eliminate it, you can call the wizard or do it yourself using the Mayevsky crane.
If the culprit was the unsuitability of batteries or pipes, then here you cannot do without specialists. In any case, the period when the heating system was inoperative, and the temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment according to GOST did not correspond to the standards, should not be paid by the consumer.
Unfortunately, there is no minimum temperature norm for heating radiators in the apartment
In order to fix that the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment does not correspond to the norm, you need to invite a representative of the organization that provides heat to the house.
Maximum rate
Heating parameters in an apartment building are described in some detail in SNiP 41-01 of 2003:
- If the building uses a two-pipe heating structure, then the maximum allowable temperature of radiators is +95 degrees.
- For a one-pipe system, the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment is +115.
- The optimum temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment (the norm in winter) is + 80-90 degrees. In the event that it approaches + 100 ° C, urgent measures are needed to prevent the boiling of the coolant in the system.
Although radiator manufacturers indicate on their products the maximum temperature threshold is high enough, you should not reach it too often, as this is fraught with their failure.
To make sure that the heating standards in the apartment in winter correspond to the guests, you need to measure the temperature of the batteries.
For this:
- You can use an ordinary medical thermometer, but it should be borne in mind that a couple of degrees will need to be added to its result.
- Use an infrared thermometer.
- If you only have an alcohol thermometer at hand, then it must be tightly tied to the radiator, previously wrapped in a heat-insulating material.
If the temperature does not coincide with the norm, then it is necessary to write an application-request to the heating network office for a control measurement. On this request, a commission must come, which makes all the calculations.
What to do if there is no heating?
In the event that the GOST for heating in an apartment is far from its norm, it is necessary to determine the cause of the cold batteries. To do this, it is better to call representatives of the relevant service., as they can simultaneously fix the temperature in living quarters.
If the problem is in the poor-quality maintenance of the heating system at home by the heating network workers, then all the troubles will fall on the organization. In this case, the residents of the house must either recalculate for heating if the batteries do not heat enough, or fix the period when they were completely cold and free them from payment.
Thus, the law on heating apartment buildings (2017) guarantees residents protection if utilities fail to comply with their duties.
Any application from them should be considered as soon as possible, after which a special commission comes in and documents the inconsistencies.
Knowing how many degrees the heating should be in the apartment, and at what time the system is turned on, each of its owners can independently determine whether the indicators correspond to the heating standards in the apartment and take measures if this is not the case.
Usually, as the heating tariffs go up, people are also dissatisfied with its quality.
Perhaps this is just a negative reaction to new payments, or maybe the heating standards in an apartment in 2017 are really far from perfect.
In this case, consumers should know their rights and demand recalculation of payment for heat.
Parameters by which the heating is turned on
As autumn rolls around and it gets colder outside, apartment building residents check their radiators daily, hoping they've gotten hot. If this does not happen, then they begin to look for the culprits, although the norms for supplying heating in an apartment building are spelled out in decree No. 354 of 2011.
So it indicates that the supply of heat to the apartments begins provided that the air outside has cooled to +8 degrees and lasted at this mark or below for at least 5 days in a row. In the event that the temperature rises and falls to a critical one, the radiators will remain cold.
Heating is turned on only on the sixth day, and in most regions of the country this happens from October 15 and lasts a season until April 15.
Apartment rate
What is the temperature in the heating batteries of an apartment building should be? It is useful to know that each room has its own heating standard in an apartment building (2017).
Heating standards in apartment buildings 2017:
- for a living room it is +18;
- heating norms in corner apartments due to the presence of external cold walls are higher - +20 degrees;
- for the kitchen +18;
- bathroom - +25.
This is with regards to apartments, while for common premises the indicators are as follows:
- at the entrance +16;
- for an elevator it is +5 degrees;
- in the basement and in the attic +4.
All measurements in the apartment should be carried out along the inner wall of the room at least 1 m from the nearest outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor. If the obtained parameters do not correspond to the standards, then they should be presented to the heating network management. In this case, the payment may be reduced by 0.15% for each hour of rejection.
The temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment: normal
Minimum rate
It happens that even when the heating is turned on, there is still not enough heat in the apartment. This happens if the standard temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment does not correspond to the real one. As a rule, this happens for several reasons, the most popular of which is the airiness of the system. To eliminate it, you can call the wizard or do it yourself using the Mayevsky crane.
If the culprit was the unsuitability of batteries or pipes, then here you cannot do without specialists.
The temperature regime in the apartment is the norm (SanPiN)
In any case, the period when the heating system was inoperative, and the temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment according to GOST did not correspond to the standards, should not be paid by the consumer.
Unfortunately, there is no minimum temperature norm for heating radiators in the apartment, therefore, it is necessary to navigate by the air temperature in the room. What heating temperature should be in the apartment? Heating standards for an apartment in an apartment building should vary from +16 to +25 degrees.
In order to fix that the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment does not correspond to the norm, you need to invite a representative of the organization that provides heat to the house.
Maximum rate
Heating parameters in an apartment building are described in some detail in SNiP 41-01 of 2003:
- If the building uses a two-pipe heating structure, then the maximum allowable temperature of radiators is +95 degrees.
- For a one-pipe system, the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment is +115.
- The optimum temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment (the norm in winter) is + 80-90 degrees. In the event that it approaches + 100 ° C, urgent measures are needed to prevent the boiling of the coolant in the system.
Although radiator manufacturers indicate on their products the maximum temperature threshold is high enough, you should not reach it too often, as this is fraught with their failure.
To make sure that the heating standards in the apartment in winter correspond to the guests, you need to measure the temperature of the batteries.
For this:
- You can use an ordinary medical thermometer, but it should be borne in mind that a couple of degrees will need to be added to its result.
- Use an infrared thermometer.
- If you only have an alcohol thermometer at hand, then it must be tightly tied to the radiator, previously wrapped in a heat-insulating material.
If the temperature does not coincide with the norm, then it is necessary to write an application-request to the heating network office for a control measurement. On this request, a commission must come, which makes all the calculations.
What to do if there is no heating?
In the event that the GOST for heating in an apartment is far from its norm, it is necessary to determine the cause of the cold batteries. To do this, it is better to call representatives of the relevant service., as they can simultaneously fix the temperature in living quarters.
If the problem is in the poor-quality maintenance of the heating system at home by the heating network workers, then all the troubles will fall on the organization. In this case, the residents of the house must either recalculate for heating if the batteries do not heat enough, or fix the period when they were completely cold and free them from payment.
Thus, the law on heating apartment buildings (2017) guarantees residents protection if utilities fail to comply with their duties.
Any application from them should be considered as soon as possible, after which a special commission comes in and documents the inconsistencies.
Knowing how many degrees the heating should be in the apartment, and at what time the system is turned on, each of its owners can independently determine whether the indicators correspond to the heating standards in the apartment and take measures if this is not the case.
What are the norms for the temperature in the apartment during the heating season according to SanPin?
Usually, as the heating tariffs go up, people are also dissatisfied with its quality.
Perhaps this is just a negative reaction to new payments, or maybe the heating standards in an apartment in 2017 are really far from perfect.
In this case, consumers should know their rights and demand recalculation of payment for heat.
Parameters by which the heating is turned on
As autumn rolls around and it gets colder outside, apartment building residents check their radiators daily, hoping they've gotten hot. If this does not happen, then they begin to look for the culprits, although the norms for supplying heating in an apartment building are spelled out in decree No. 354 of 2011.
So it indicates that the supply of heat to the apartments begins provided that the air outside has cooled to +8 degrees and lasted at this mark or below for at least 5 days in a row. In the event that the temperature rises and falls to a critical one, the radiators will remain cold.
Heating is turned on only on the sixth day, and in most regions of the country this happens from October 15 and lasts a season until April 15.
Apartment rate
What is the temperature in the heating batteries of an apartment building should be? It is useful to know that each room has its own heating standard in an apartment building (2017).
Heating standards in apartment buildings 2017:
- for a living room it is +18;
- heating norms in corner apartments due to the presence of external cold walls are higher - +20 degrees;
- for the kitchen +18;
- bathroom - +25.
This is with regards to apartments, while for common premises the indicators are as follows:
- at the entrance +16;
- for an elevator it is +5 degrees;
- in the basement and in the attic +4.
All measurements in the apartment should be carried out along the inner wall of the room at least 1 m from the nearest outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor. If the obtained parameters do not correspond to the standards, then they should be presented to the heating network management. In this case, the payment may be reduced by 0.15% for each hour of rejection.
The temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment: normal
Minimum rate
It happens that even when the heating is turned on, there is still not enough heat in the apartment. This happens if the standard temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment does not correspond to the real one. As a rule, this happens for several reasons, the most popular of which is the airiness of the system. To eliminate it, you can call the wizard or do it yourself using the Mayevsky crane.
If the culprit was the unsuitability of batteries or pipes, then here you cannot do without specialists. In any case, the period when the heating system was inoperative, and the temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment according to GOST did not correspond to the standards, should not be paid by the consumer.
Unfortunately, there is no minimum temperature norm for heating radiators in the apartment, therefore, it is necessary to navigate by the air temperature in the room. What heating temperature should be in the apartment? Heating standards for an apartment in an apartment building should vary from +16 to +25 degrees.
In order to fix that the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment does not correspond to the norm, you need to invite a representative of the organization that provides heat to the house.
Maximum rate
Heating parameters in an apartment building are described in some detail in SNiP 41-01 of 2003:
- If the building uses a two-pipe heating structure, then the maximum allowable temperature of radiators is +95 degrees.
- For a one-pipe system, the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment is +115.
- The optimum temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment (the norm in winter) is + 80-90 degrees. In the event that it approaches + 100 ° C, urgent measures are needed to prevent the boiling of the coolant in the system.
Although radiator manufacturers indicate on their products the maximum temperature threshold is high enough, you should not reach it too often, as this is fraught with their failure.
To make sure that the heating standards in the apartment in winter correspond to the guests, you need to measure the temperature of the batteries.
For this:
- You can use an ordinary medical thermometer, but it should be borne in mind that a couple of degrees will need to be added to its result.
- Use an infrared thermometer.
- If you only have an alcohol thermometer at hand, then it must be tightly tied to the radiator, previously wrapped in a heat-insulating material.
If the temperature does not coincide with the norm, then it is necessary to write an application-request to the heating network office for a control measurement. On this request, a commission must come, which makes all the calculations.
What to do if there is no heating?
In the event that the GOST for heating in an apartment is far from its norm, it is necessary to determine the cause of the cold batteries. To do this, it is better to call representatives of the relevant service., as they can simultaneously fix the temperature in living quarters.
If the problem is in the poor-quality maintenance of the heating system at home by the heating network workers, then all the troubles will fall on the organization. In this case, the residents of the house must either recalculate for heating if the batteries do not heat enough, or fix the period when they were completely cold and free them from payment.
Thus, the law on heating apartment buildings (2017) guarantees residents protection if utilities fail to comply with their duties.
Any application from them should be considered as soon as possible, after which a special commission comes in and documents the inconsistencies.
Knowing how many degrees the heating should be in the apartment, and at what time the system is turned on, each of its owners can independently determine whether the indicators correspond to the heating standards in the apartment and take measures if this is not the case.
Usually, as the heating tariffs go up, people are also dissatisfied with its quality.
Perhaps this is just a negative reaction to new payments, or maybe the heating standards in an apartment in 2017 are really far from perfect.
In this case, consumers should know their rights and demand recalculation of payment for heat.
Parameters by which the heating is turned on
As autumn rolls around and it gets colder outside, apartment building residents check their radiators daily, hoping they've gotten hot. If this does not happen, then they begin to look for the culprits, although the norms for supplying heating in an apartment building are spelled out in decree No. 354 of 2011.
So it indicates that the supply of heat to the apartments begins provided that the air outside has cooled to +8 degrees and lasted at this mark or below for at least 5 days in a row. In the event that the temperature rises and falls to a critical one, the radiators will remain cold.
Heating is turned on only on the sixth day, and in most regions of the country this happens from October 15 and lasts a season until April 15.
Apartment rate
What is the temperature in the heating batteries of an apartment building should be?
The temperature of the walls in the apartment according to legal norms
It is useful to know that each room has its own heating standard in an apartment building (2017).
Heating standards in apartment buildings 2017:
- for a living room it is +18;
- heating norms in corner apartments due to the presence of external cold walls are higher - +20 degrees;
- for the kitchen +18;
- bathroom - +25.
This is with regards to apartments, while for common premises the indicators are as follows:
- at the entrance +16;
- for an elevator it is +5 degrees;
- in the basement and in the attic +4.
All measurements in the apartment should be carried out along the inner wall of the room at least 1 m from the nearest outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor. If the obtained parameters do not correspond to the standards, then they should be presented to the heating network management. In this case, the payment may be reduced by 0.15% for each hour of rejection.
The temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment: normal
Minimum rate
It happens that even when the heating is turned on, there is still not enough heat in the apartment. This happens if the standard temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment does not correspond to the real one. As a rule, this happens for several reasons, the most popular of which is the airiness of the system. To eliminate it, you can call the wizard or do it yourself using the Mayevsky crane.
If the culprit was the unsuitability of batteries or pipes, then here you cannot do without specialists. In any case, the period when the heating system was inoperative, and the temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment according to GOST did not correspond to the standards, should not be paid by the consumer.
Unfortunately, there is no minimum temperature norm for heating radiators in the apartment, therefore, it is necessary to navigate by the air temperature in the room. What heating temperature should be in the apartment? Heating standards for an apartment in an apartment building should vary from +16 to +25 degrees.
In order to fix that the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment does not correspond to the norm, you need to invite a representative of the organization that provides heat to the house.
Maximum rate
Heating parameters in an apartment building are described in some detail in SNiP 41-01 of 2003:
- If the building uses a two-pipe heating structure, then the maximum allowable temperature of radiators is +95 degrees.
- For a one-pipe system, the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment is +115.
- The optimum temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment (the norm in winter) is + 80-90 degrees. In the event that it approaches + 100 ° C, urgent measures are needed to prevent the boiling of the coolant in the system.
Although radiator manufacturers indicate on their products the maximum temperature threshold is high enough, you should not reach it too often, as this is fraught with their failure.
To make sure that the heating standards in the apartment in winter correspond to the guests, you need to measure the temperature of the batteries.
For this:
- You can use an ordinary medical thermometer, but it should be borne in mind that a couple of degrees will need to be added to its result.
- Use an infrared thermometer.
- If you only have an alcohol thermometer at hand, then it must be tightly tied to the radiator, previously wrapped in a heat-insulating material.
If the temperature does not coincide with the norm, then it is necessary to write an application-request to the heating network office for a control measurement. On this request, a commission must come, which makes all the calculations.
What to do if there is no heating?
In the event that the GOST for heating in an apartment is far from its norm, it is necessary to determine the cause of the cold batteries. To do this, it is better to call representatives of the relevant service., as they can simultaneously fix the temperature in living quarters.
If the problem is in the poor-quality maintenance of the heating system at home by the heating network workers, then all the troubles will fall on the organization. In this case, the residents of the house must either recalculate for heating if the batteries do not heat enough, or fix the period when they were completely cold and free them from payment.
Thus, the law on heating apartment buildings (2017) guarantees residents protection if utilities fail to comply with their duties.
Any application from them should be considered as soon as possible, after which a special commission comes in and documents the inconsistencies.
Knowing how many degrees the heating should be in the apartment, and at what time the system is turned on, each of its owners can independently determine whether the indicators correspond to the heating standards in the apartment and take measures if this is not the case.
The heating battery is the main element of the heating system in a city apartment, an effective household device for transferring heat. It is on the batteries (radiators) and their temperature that the coziness and comfort of living of all residents of the house largely depends.
In this article we will tell you: what should be the temperature of the radiators in the apartment, what are its norms and whether interruptions in the supply of heat are permissible.
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classmates
The beginning of the heating season
The beginning of heating supply to residential apartments is indicated in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354. The document states that as soon as the average daily air temperature outside is below +8 ºС and remains unchanged for 5 consecutive days, apartments include heating.
In all other cases, the moment of heat supply can be legally delayed. For details on how to which temperature include heating in apartments, you can read.
Note: heat will begin to flow into the apartments no earlier than on the 6th day after the recorded temperature indicators of the air outside.
Most regions of the country heating season begins from mid-October and ends in April.
Reasons for the lack of heat in the apartment
- Breakdown of the heating system of the house;
- Filling of pipes conducting heat into houses with air;
- Unfinished renovation work.
If the delay in heating supply is caused by a breakdown in the building system, then it is impossible to correct the situation until the problem is rectified.
If the reason for the delay is in the filling of the heating pipes with air, it is necessary to contact the operating organization. The specialist must “blow through” the batteries within 24 hours after treatment, and there will be no obstacles to filling them with circulating liquid.
Why is the heat supply to the radiators interrupted?
It is important to know that it is legal, interruptions in the supply of heating can be:
- Maximum 24 hours. Provided that the minimum air temperature in the apartment is +12 ºС;
- Maximum 8 hours. In case the temperature drops to the mark from +10 to +12 ºС;
- No more than 4 hours if the thermometer shows +8 ºС and below.
All downtime periods are listed in total for the month. If residents notice that these values are exceeded, a complaint should be made to the responsible organization. Familiarize with optimal indicators of the temperature in the apartment in winter can be in.
Heating battery temperature standards
Therefore, it is so important to follow the rules for the installation and operation of heating radiators in every apartment. Otherwise, the heat will be unevenly distributed, which will lead to the fact that in one apartment it will be warm, and in the next one it will be cold.
An important point is also. To avoid such situations, we came up with the appropriate allowable values(standards).
Permissible minimum battery temperature
However, the minimum temperature of batteries in apartments by law and regulation not spelled out... This means that the indicator should be such that remained permissible air temperature in the apartment (+18 to + 25 degrees).
Obviously, which is unacceptable for low battery temperatures, to achieve normal air temperature throughout the apartment impossible.
What should be the maximum value?
- The maximum allowable temperature of batteries in an apartment is considered to be a mark of 95 ° C with a two-pipe heating system;
- With a one-pipe heating system, the temperature maximum is 115 ° C;
- The recommended temperature is between 85 ° C and 90 ° C. This is due to the fact that 100 ° C is the boiling point of water. When this indicator is reached, special measures are applied to prevent boiling;
Note: despite the fact that the temperature maximum is 115 ° C, operating the batteries in this mode is not recommended. They break down quickly if they work with such an increased load.
How do I measure the temperature of the batteries?
- An ordinary thermometer. In this case, 1-2 ° C should be added to the measured indicator of the surface of the heater;
- With an infrared thermometer;
- An alcohol thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the battery by tying it tightly to it. For accurate measurement, you need to cover the thermometer with heat-insulating material.
It is important: the instrument used to measure the temperature of the batteries must have a quality certificate. The measuring range should be from 5 to 40 degrees C - this greatly minimizes the measurement error. The permissible error is not more than 0.1 gr.C measurement.
If the temperature of the batteries substantially falls short of recommended values, you should write application to the management company for the measurement. Commission in the presence of the tenant of the apartment will make control measurement of the liquid circulating in the battery and will install inconsistency.
Note: before measuring the temperature of the batteries, measure the temperature of the hot water from the tap. These indicators are interconnected with each other. If the thermometer readings are in the range from 60 to 75 ° C - this is considered the norm, if lower - a deviation from it.
What if there is no heating?
To do this, together with a representative of the operating company, it is necessary to measure the temperature in each room. If it turns out to be lower, it is important to record the readings.
Based on the results of the measurements, the service company is obliged to take measures, correct the situation and recalculate the heating payment during periods of non-compliance. If there is no action on the part of the responsible company, it can be brought to administrative responsibility for violating the rules of public utilities.
If the recalculation did not motivate the responsible organization to correct the errors, a collective complaint should be made by the residents of the house about the violation of the temperature regime. It will become the basis for going to court. For committed violations, the organization supplying heat can be seriously fined.
Thus, the temperature of the batteries in the apartment during the heating season must comply with the SNiP requirements.
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What temperature should be in the apartment is controlled at the state level.
The regulations, detailed in the laws, must be provided by the management companies. For failure to comply, they face severe punishment.
- The Housing Code of the Russian Federation establishes the criteria for the quality of services c.
- Federal Law of 27.07.2010 No. 190-FZ "On Heat Supply" regulates relations in the field of heating residential buildings.
- Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 No. 354 "On the provision of utilities to owners and users of residential premises in apartment buildings" in Appendix 1 lists the requirements for the quality of heat supply (permissible interruptions, conditions and procedure for changing fees, air temperature standards).
- Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 No. 170 "On the approval of the rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock" describes the requirements for the maintenance of common property. Clause 4.10.2.1 obliges the Criminal Code to control the air temperature in residential buildings.
- SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises. Rules and Regulations "in Appendix 2 contains temperature readings for rooms in an apartment.
- SNiP 23-02-2003 “Thermal protection of buildings. Updated edition ”fixes the requirements for the temperature of external walls and floors.
What should be the rate of t during the heating season
SanPiN has established requirements for the temperature regime in the cold and warm seasons. In winter, the standards are as follows (see table).
Construction features of apartment buildings, wear and tear of communications lead to the fact that the first, last floors are colder than others. Moreover, when residents complain to the Criminal Code of inconsistencies, these features (cold basement, attic) justify non-compliance with the temperature regime. This is absolutely wrong.
The norms for the heating season established by the state apply to living quarters, regardless of location, floor. Temperature readings below the permissible ones are unacceptable, but above the specified level they can be, but not more than 4 degrees.
There is a requirement to install special heating systems to evenly distribute heat in the floors of the first floors. The owners should not be influenced by whether they have a brick house or a panel house.
IMPORTANT! Utilities are required to maintain acceptable temperature limits in all apartments that are charged for maintenance.
The law sets the bar for the optimal room temperature, but everyone will have their own comfortable one. Objectively, the feeling of comfort at certain temperatures depends on factors:
- The age of the person. Babies, the elderly are more thermophilic, for them it is necessary to maintain a temperature level above average.
- Floor. Usually women prefer to stay in warmer rooms than men.
- Individual characteristics. Someone loves coolness, for someone comfort lies in warmth.
When the UK maintains the regime at the proper level in houses, it will not be difficult to create comfortable conditions and adjust the temperature by a couple of degrees. For this, there are numerous climate control systems, air conditioners, heaters.
Air temperature standards according to GOST
The temperature parameters of living quarters are regulated by a normative act - SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10, GOST R 51617-2000 Housing and communal services and general technical conditions, where the temperature regime of rooms is regulated from 18 ° C in winter, from 20 ° C - in summer. There is a standard in Government Decree No. 354 on corner rooms and cold regions, where a different permissible norm is adopted.
The standard air temperature in residential premises is set at least + 18 ° C (in corner rooms + 22 ° C), in areas with the coldest five-day period (0.92) -31 ° C and below, the temperature regime is set at + 20 ° C ( in corner rooms + 22 ° С). Failure to comply with the standard and not the comfortable thermal regime is considered a violation.
In corner apartments
Previously, GOST did establish special rules for corner apartments - 2 degrees higher than usual. To date, the temperature regime is established and regulated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 No. 354.
Outside walls
The creators of SNiP 23-02-2003 believe that the temperature difference between the internal air and the surface outside should be no more than 4 degrees. That is, if the minimum limit for a dwelling is 18 ° C, then the wall on average should not be colder than 14.
When this rule is violated, it can be concluded that the house is not sufficiently insulated, perhaps the seams need to be updated. This should be taken care of by the management company serving the structure.
Floor
In accordance with SNiP, the floor surface temperature in residential premises must be at least 16 ° C (as a rule, it exceeds the minimum allowable and ranges from 18 to 20 ° C.).
SNiP 41-01.2003 establishes the normal temperature for heated floors:
- 26 ° С for premises where people are constantly;
- 31 ° С for premises where people stay temporarily.
Where to contact
Small deviations from the norm may go unnoticed, but if the tenants are constantly freezing in the apartment, this indicates a violation of obligations on the part of utilities. Moreover, when the payment for heating and maintenance is charged in full. Then it is necessary to complain about the poor maintenance of the house.
If t is below the allowable
If it is cold at home, the temperature is recorded below the standard in autumn or winter, you need to inform the emergency dispatch service about this. A complaint is written to the head of the Criminal Code, where the claims are listed, the air temperature in the living rooms, kitchen, bathroom is indicated, and a requirement is made to bring it in line with the norms.
The Criminal Code is given 30 days to respond. During this period, utilities must find out which of them is responsible for the cooling of the house. If the heating network, at the point of demarcation of the balance sheet, is not hot enough, then this is a matter of the resource supplying organization that heats the room. If heat is lost in the house, then the Criminal Code should solve the problem.
ADVICE! It is better to make a collective complaint from the residents of the entrance or house.
If the wall freezes
When it is so cold that the end walls freeze through, you need to act quickly. It is necessary to contact the head of the management company with a claim, where to describe the problem, demand to insulate the wall, thereby restoring the temperature balance. At the same time, call a representative of the Criminal Code, draw up and receive an act of freezing the wall.
If, after the due date, the Criminal Code does not take action, it will be necessary to involve public authorities in solving the problem:
- The State Housing Inspectorate is an executive body that controls the activities of public utilities. Inspectors initiate an inspection, make a submission to eliminate violations, impose a fine on the service organization.
- Rospotrebnadzor is a multidisciplinary organization specializing in the described situation. Failure to comply with the terms of the contract by the Criminal Code in combination with the risk of increased humidity, the spread of mold, fungus from a frozen wall is the competence of this service. After checking the activities of the Criminal Code, employees will be obliged to bring the house to the requirements of the law; if there are grounds, they will fine the management.
- The Prosecutor's Office is a supervisory authority, whose employees begin checking a legal entity only if there have been appeals to previous organizations. Or they send a complaint from residents to the competent authorities to resolve the issue.
- The court is the last step that is taken if other state structures are powerless or if it is necessary to compensate for material and moral damage.
The document is drawn up in a standard manner. Several methods of delivery to their addressee are allowed. You can bring it yourself, register two copies, keep one for yourself as a proof. Also, complaints are sent by registered mail with notification or online through the website of the State Service.
What is the responsibility of utilities
The degree of responsibility of the Criminal Code depends on the severity of the offense, the consequences.
If the utilities immediately respond to the complaint, eliminate the violations, there will be no consequences. When residents have to involve government authorities, punishment is inevitable. The easiest is administrative responsibility, a fine.
If the owners have damaged property, their health has suffered, they can associate this with the low temperature of the house and there is an evidence base for this, then civil proceedings and compensation for damage cannot be avoided.
When the consequences are grave, then the sanctions are possible up to criminal.
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