Construction stretchers have been used for repair, economic and domestic purposes since the time of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, and at the same time they have not lost their relevance in the era of space flights, innovations and microelectronics.
Stretcher - basic definitions
No matter how rapidly technological progress develops, it is not in a position to completely abolish the manual carrying of goods. Perhaps this will happen in the distant future, when there will be a place for robots in every farm, but today such a prospect looks fantastic. And ordinary stretchers are more than realistic and quite versatile.
With the help of a stretcher, stones, ceramic tiles, bricks for laying fireplaces, cinder blocks for the construction of walls and in general any piece building materials are transported. They are convenient for transporting various bulk goods - from cement and sand to pebbles and gravel. The stretcher allows you to take out debris from the construction site, foliage, grass and roots from your backyards. They are used for unloading compound feed, fertilizers and as a mobile container for many other household chores.
The use of any stretcher involves the work of two people with relatively similar strength and endurance. If you do not have a partner, you will have to use a garden cart or wheelbarrow as widely as possible - it is simply impossible to use a stretcher alone. Is that wearing them in an unloaded state and rearranging them from place to place, which is unlikely to help in repair or construction.
Varieties of construction and utility stretchers
According to the material of manufacture, there are plastic, metal and wooden construction stretchers:
- Plastic stretcher - strictly speaking, only the main container is made of plastic, and the handles of many models are made of wood. They are usually used for carrying bulk goods, since they do not spill out of such stretchers.... The maximum lifting capacity reaches 100-120 kg. Unfortunately, the most durable plastic can crack or crack from one careless blow, and you will have to purchase the tool again;
- Metal stretcher. Their capacity is made of sheet metal (with or without a steel frame), handles can also be upholstered with metal. They have maximum strength and a load capacity of up to 200 kg. However, the cost of the tin case is significant and the repairability is low. It is easy to cut or injure yourself on such stretchers during work;
- Wooden stretcher. They are convenient for any construction, repair and economic purposes, they are easy to make on your own and easy to repair if necessary. Among the disadvantages can be noted a lot of weight - moving even an empty device will require more effort than carrying a metal or plastic "colleague".
The standard dimensions of construction stretchers relate to the dimensions of the container for cargo and are 20-30 cm deep, 50-60 cm wide and 70-90 cm long. The total length of the handles lies in the range of 150-160 cm, in order to be able to deploy the stretcher in a loaded state on flights of stairs.
Why engage in independent production of ordinary stretchers if this product is not in short supply for hardware stores? Firstly, because retail chains usually offer plastic and metal stretchers. The former have an unacceptably short service life, and the latter have a very tangible cost.
Secondly, it is often necessary to make a stretcher of a specific size, and it is difficult to select the entire set of dimensions in finished form. Thirdly, when personally making wooden stretchers, you can build a transforming device (which no store will offer you). Let me provide a guide to this design in every detail.
How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands?
Of the materials, we need a board 25-30 mm thick, a thin sheet of galvanized metal and an extended set for woodworking - a hacksaw, jigsaw, screwdriver, drill and fixing accessories.
How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands - a step by step diagram
Step 1: cut out the handles
Curly handles are cut from a board 10-12 cm wide and 3-4 cm thick, which will serve as the basis for all stretchers. The middle part of the board remains unchanged, and a small chamfer from the top is removed from the edges, and a deep cut is made from the bottom, 35-40 cm long on each side. This reduces the overall weight of the handles and gives them a comfortable grip shape. It is best to apply a pattern of future cutouts on both boards according to a template and adhere to it precisely during processing. The more accurate the size of both handles, the more convenient it is to use ready-made stretchers, as they will have a balanced balance. Cut the handles on a carpentry workbench, securely fastening them in a vice or wedge.
Step 2: Assembling the stretcher base
Taking two boards of exactly the same width as the uncut handles, we fix them at a distance of 50-65 cm from each other, constructing the frame of the future stretcher. The length of these transverse boards determines the width of the stretcher and is 50-60 cm. The crossbars are fastened with self-tapping screws from 60 mm in length, in 3 cm increments, on a flat surface, checking the rectangularity of all nodes. When the transverse boards are fixed, they must be reinforced with four steel corners with the inner (invisible) side of the frame. It is better to choose corners with long "shelves", which have 3-4 mounting holes on each side. Additional fittings will give the entire structure high strength and allow you to carry a load weighing more than 100 kg.
Step 3: build the flooring
Planks with a thickness of 25 mm or more are laid on the finished frame, and this is done according to a strictly defined procedure. On the one side, the floorboards are exactly "flush" with the dimensions of the stretcher, but on the other, they should protrude about 5 cm beyond the overall dimensions. The first two boards are attached from the ends of the flooring - they rest on both the handles themselves and the transverse boards. Fasteners are made with self-tapping screws with a length of 50 mm, with a high frequency of the assembly step - at least 3 cm between the screws. The following planks are attached only from the end pieces where the handles lie underneath. The middle board will have to be precisely cut to length and laid in the formed groove, secured with at least one screw on each side.
Step 4: Raise the sides and equip the bottom
Now you can fix two short sides and one long one - the one on the leveled side of the deck. For the sides, a board with a thickness of 20 mm or more is used. It is most convenient to attach the sides to steel corners, and from the outside - if the hardware is located inside the stretcher, it will be clogged with bulk cargo, it is easy to damage it with massive bricks, etc. A sheet of galvanized metal is laid on the bottom, cut exactly to its size. Galvanized fasteners are made with short mounting nails with wide heads, with a pitch of 10-12 cm.At the same stage, it is convenient to put on special rubberized nozzles on the handles with a distance of 2-3 cm from the ends, so as not to damage the hands in case of an accidental impact of a loaded stretcher on an obstacle ...
Step 5: making the flap
The final stage of independent "stretcher construction" is associated with the manufacture and fastening of the folding side. This part is useful when transporting light and bulk goods, especially over long distances. A board of small thickness (from 15 mm) and length is tried on to the open side of the flooring, its width may slightly exceed the height of our stretchers. Rotary hinges are attached to the protruding end of the flooring and the mobile side. Along the edges of this side, it is worthwhile to provide accessories for fixing it in the unfolded state - latches, hooks, etc. This is an approximate "recipe" for how to make a universal stretcher from wooden boards. If carrying bulk cargo is not relevant for you, then stage 5 can be omitted - bricks, cinder blocks and bags of cement can be moved with one open side, which even facilitates their loading and unloading.
Construction stretchers have been used for repair, economic and domestic purposes since the time of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, and at the same time they have not lost their relevance in the era of space flights, innovations and microelectronics.
Stretcher - basic definitions
No matter how rapidly technological progress develops, it is not in a position to completely abolish the manual carrying of goods. Perhaps this will happen in the distant future, when there will be a place for robots in every farm, but today such a prospect looks fantastic. And ordinary stretchers are more than realistic and quite versatile.
With the help of a stretcher, stones, ceramic tiles, cinder blocks for the construction of walls and in general any piece building materials are transported. They are convenient for transporting various bulk goods - from cement and sand to pebbles and gravel. The stretcher allows you to take out debris from the construction site, foliage, grass and roots from your backyards. They are used for unloading compound feed, fertilizers and as a mobile container for many other household chores.
The use of any stretcher involves the work of two people with relatively similar strength and endurance.... If you do not have a partner, you will have to use a garden cart or wheelbarrow as widely as possible - it is simply impossible to use a stretcher alone. Is that wearing them in an unloaded state and rearranging them from place to place, which is unlikely to help in repair or construction.
Varieties of construction and utility stretchers
According to the material of manufacture, there are plastic, metal and wooden construction stretchers:
- Plastic stretcher - strictly speaking, only the main container is made of plastic, and the handles of many models are made of wood. They are usually used for carrying bulk goods, since they do not spill out of such stretchers.... The maximum lifting capacity reaches 100-120 kg. Unfortunately, the most durable plastic can crack or crack from one careless blow, and you will have to purchase the tool again;
- Metal stretcher. Their capacity is made of sheet metal (with or without a steel frame), handles can also be upholstered with metal. They have maximum strength and a load capacity of up to 200 kg. However, the cost of the tin case is significant and the repairability is low. It is easy to cut or injure yourself on such stretchers during work;
- Wooden stretcher. They are convenient for any construction, repair and economic purposes, they are easy to make on your own and easy to repair if necessary. Among the disadvantages can be noted a large weight - moving even an empty device will require more effort than carrying a metal or plastic "colleague".
The standard dimensions of construction stretchers relate to the dimensions of the container for cargo and are 20-30 cm deep, 50-60 cm wide and 70-90 cm long. The total length of the handles lies in the range of 150-160 cm, in order to be able to deploy the stretcher in a loaded state on flights of stairs.
Why engage in independent production of ordinary stretchers if this product is not in short supply for hardware stores? Firstly, because retail chains usually offer plastic and metal stretchers. The former have an unacceptably short service life, and the latter have a very tangible cost.
Secondly, it is often necessary to make a stretcher of a specific size, and it is difficult to select the entire set of dimensions in finished form. Thirdly, when personally making wooden stretchers, you can build a transforming device (which no store will offer you). Let me provide a guide to this design in every detail.
How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands?
Of the materials, we need a board 25-30 mm thick, a thin sheet of galvanized metal and an extended set for woodworking - a hacksaw, jigsaw, screwdriver, drill and fixing accessories.
How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands - a step by step diagram
Step 1: cut out the handles
Curly handles are cut from a board 10-12 cm wide and 3-4 cm thick, which will serve as the basis for all stretchers. The middle part of the board remains unchanged, and a small chamfer from the top is removed from the edges, and a deep cut is made from the bottom, 35-40 cm long on each side. This reduces the overall weight of the handles and gives them a shape that is comfortable to grip.
It is best to apply a pattern of future cutouts to both boards according to a template and adhere to it exactly during processing. The more accurate the size of both handles, the more convenient it is to use ready-made stretchers, as they will have a balanced balance. Cut the handles on, securely fastening them in a vice or wedge.
Step 2: Assembling the stretcher base
Taking two boards of exactly the same width as the uncut handles, we fix them at a distance of 50-65 cm from each other, constructing the frame of the future stretcher. The length of these transverse boards determines the width of the stretcher and is 50-60 cm. The crossbars are fastened with self-tapping screws from 60 mm long, in 3 cm increments, on a flat surface, checking the rectangularity of all nodes.
When the transverse boards are fixed, they must be reinforced with four steel corners on the inner (invisible) side of the frame. It is better to choose corners with long "shelves", which have 3-4 mounting holes on each side. Additional fittings will give the entire structure high strength and allow you to carry a load weighing more than 100 kg.
Step 3: build the flooring
Planks with a thickness of 25 mm or more are laid on the finished frame, and this is done according to a strictly defined procedure. On the one side, the flooring boards are exactly "flush" with the dimensions of the stretcher, but on the other, they should protrude about 5 cm beyond the size.
The first are two boards from the ends of the flooring - they rest on both the handles themselves and the transverse boards. Fasteners are made with self-tapping screws with a length of 50 mm, with a high frequency of the assembly step - at least 3 cm between the screws. The following planks are attached only from the end pieces where the handles lie underneath. The middle board will have to be precisely cut to length and laid in the formed groove, secured with at least one screw on each side.
Step 4: Raise the sides and equip the bottom
Now you can fix two short sides and one long one - the one on the leveled side of the deck. For the sides, a board with a thickness of 20 mm or more is used. It is most convenient to attach the sides to steel corners, and from the outside - if the hardware is located inside the stretcher, it will be clogged with bulk cargo, it is easy to damage it with massive bricks, etc.
A sheet of galvanized metal is laid on the bottom, cut exactly to its size. Galvanized fasteners are made with short mounting nails with wide heads, with a pitch of 10-12 cm.At the same stage, it is convenient to put on special rubberized nozzles on the handles with a distance of 2-3 cm from the ends, so as not to damage the hands in case of an accidental impact of a loaded stretcher on an obstacle ...
Step 5: making the flap
The final stage of independent "stretcher construction" is associated with the manufacture and fastening of the folding side. This part is useful when transporting light and bulk goods, especially over long distances. A board of small thickness (from 15 mm) and length is tried on to the open side of the flooring, its width may slightly exceed the height of our stretchers. Rotary hinges are attached to the protruding end of the flooring and the mobile side. Along the edges of this side, it is worthwhile to provide fittings for fixing it in the unfolded state - latches, hooks, etc.
This is a rough "recipe" for how to make a universal stretcher from wooden planks. If carrying bulk cargo is not relevant for you, then stage 5 can be omitted - bricks, cinder blocks and bags of cement can be moved with one open side, which even facilitates their loading and unloading.
During the spring cleaning period in the garden, you have to use a large amount of equipment. The stretcher is no exception, however, not everyone has them. Thus, it is better to make a stretcher.
If you need a service such as medsantrans.ru, you can call online a special transport with trained personnel. In order to make a stretcher yourself, you can use the available materials at hand: boards and a sheet of iron.
These items will definitely be found on the farm, from which we will make a stretcher for the garden. It is advisable to trim the boards a little so that they turn out to be in the shape of the handles. If possible, process with a plane, and then carefully grind.
It is recommended to round them to make it easier to hold. Using nails, you need to nail the iron sheet at the base. When gardening is being done, you can, for example, use a bucket to carry from place to place what is needed for gardening. However, it is not very advisable to wear them, it may happen that you need to rake out the foliage and old grass all day. And many people forget to get a cart. That is why stretchers are made.
When making a stretcher, the planks can be slightly cut at the sides where you will drive the nails. When the stretcher is ready, then, using them, one must remember that there is no need to pull out the land from the site. Let it remain in the garden, as it forms a fertile soil layer. A stretcher for gardening, so you have prepared.
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In the era of the rapid development of microelectronics and the conquest of outer space, the construction stretchers, invented in the days of the pharaohs, have not lost their relevance. They greatly facilitate many jobs and increase labor productivity.
Purpose of construction stretchers
This is a versatile device that allows you to move various bulk goods - sand, crushed stone, cement, etc. With the help of a stretcher, you can also remove garbage from the construction site, transport heavy objects, such as bricks, cinder blocks or ceramic tiles.
The use of this equipment requires the mandatory participation of two people, preferably with the same stamina. It is impossible to carry a loaded construction stretcher alone. Therefore, in the absence of a partner, you will have to use a wheelbarrow or trolley.
Stretcher types
Depending on the material, stretchers are divided into three categories: plastic, metal and wood.
The first ones are intended mainly for bulk cargo. Most of these models are equipped with wooden handles. Their carrying capacity is no more than 110 kg. When working, it should be borne in mind that even the most durable plastic can crack or split from a careless blow, especially in frost. At the same time, construction plastic stretchers have the advantage of being lightweight, which makes it easier to carry loads. If necessary, they can be used as a container for diluting paint and building mixtures.
Metal stretchers are more durable. They are adapted to move up to 200 kg of loads. Manufactured from sheet iron. The handles of such stretchers are usually wooden, in some cases upholstered with iron. When working, it is necessary to observe precautions, since the possibility of cuts on metal edges is not excluded. The tin case is not cheap, and it is practically impossible to repair.
Construction wooden stretchers are also used for various economic purposes. They are very easy to repair, and besides, it is quite simple to make them yourself. The disadvantage of such stretchers is their considerable weight. Moving them, even without load, requires a lot of effort.
Benefits of a plastic stretcher
They are made of heavy-duty plastic and, unlike wood or metal, do not rot or corrode. Their low weight combined with good capacity makes them indispensable, especially when carrying heavy materials.
The stretcher container is shaped to distribute the weight of the carried load evenly. Even liquid solutions can be moved in it. Construction stretchers are equipped with wooden handles, which are more comfortable than plastic ones. In order to avoid the appearance of fungus or rotting, they are treated with a special compound.
For the manufacture of stretchers, manufacturers use impact-resistant plastic that can withstand significant loads. This is reflected in the durability of the equipment and the absence of deformations during work. The plastic stretcher is resistant to temperature extremes. This allows them to be used in almost all weather conditions.
How to make a construction stretcher with your own hands
There are situations when stretchers of a certain size are needed for work, which are difficult to find in shopping centers. In this case, you can make them yourself. This requires a board with a thickness of about 30 mm, a galvanized sheet of metal, mounting hardware and a set of tools.
Handles are cut from the board, which are the basis of any stretcher. In the lower part of the board, a cut is made up to 40 cm long to give a shape that is comfortable for the grip and to reduce the weight of the stretcher. Then a frame is constructed in the form of two boards, fixed transversely to the handles at a distance of about 60 cm from each other. This is done using self-tapping screws. The resulting frame is reinforced with steel corners on the inside.
After that, the flooring elements are attached according to a certain scheme. They are laid first along the edges, resting on the ends of the transverse boards and on the handles, lastly the board is attached in the middle. A metal sheet is nailed to the bottom with mounting nails - and the construction stretcher is ready. All fittings are recommended to be placed from the outside.
After providing first aid to victims who cannot move independently, it is necessary to take out and remove from the lesion. For many of them, first aid will only be preliminary, since they need follow-up assistance from medical personnel (nurse, paramedic, doctor) at the medical center. To retrieve the injured, carry them out and deliver them to the medical center, there are various ways of pulling them away and carrying them out without a stretcher, on a stretcher and with the help of improvised means.
The entire civilian population should be able to drag and carry victims on a stretcher, without stretchers, and with the help of improvised means.
Blockages and destruction will require the ability to drag the victim out. It can be dragged on its side, as shown in fig. 27.
Rice. 27. Pulling the victim on his side.
A very convenient way is in which the victim is placed on his back, his hands are tied at the hands. The person providing assistance kneels, spreading his legs over the victim's torso, and puts his bound hands on his neck. Leaning on his hands, the assisting lifts and gradually pulls the victim away, as shown in Fig. 28.
Rice. 28. Pulling the victim while moving on his knees.
Rice. 29. Carrying the victim on a strap or belts folded in a ring.
Rice. 30. Carrying the victim on a strap folded in figure eight.
If it is possible to move in height, it is easiest to carry the victim using a stretcher strap or two waist belts connected together, folded in an eight or a ring, as shown in Fig. 29 and 30. For a long distance, it is most convenient to carry the victim on the shoulder (Fig. 31), if there is no shoulder strap or belts. It is much easier to carry the victim together. A very common way of carrying out together with the help of a "lock" from the hands (Fig. 32).
It is most convenient to carry the victim on a stretcher (Fig. 33), they allow two or four people to carry it. If the stretcher is carried by two, they must be out of step. When carrying four people, two walk along the sides of the stretcher, supporting them by the bars. As you move, the pairs change. On level ground, the victim is carried with his feet forward, so that the person walking behind can observe his face (Fig. 34). A stretcher can also be made from improvised means (Fig. 35).
Rice. 31. Carrying the victim on the shoulder.
Rice. 32. Carrying out on the "lock" from the hands.
Rice. 33. Sanitary stretcher, unfolded and rolled up.
Rice. 34. Carrying on a stretcher for four.
Rice. 35. Stretcher from improvised means:
a - from two poles and straps;
b - from two poles and a mattress pillowcase;
c - of two poles and two sacks.
To lay the victim on a stretcher, basically two methods are used. Of the four rescuers, three kneel down facing the lying victim and, bringing their hands under him, simultaneously raise him and put him on an open stretcher, which the fourth brings under the victim. Two rescuers can use a little-known method, but, as can be seen from Fig. 36, lightweight and convenient.
A chair can be used instead of a stretcher. The victim sits on a chair, one porter walks behind and holds the back of the chair, and the second goes in front and holds the chair by the upper part of the front legs, placing his torso between the victim's legs.
Rice. 36. Laying the victim on a stretcher together.