Many women are afraid to take birth control pills for fear of side effects. Innovative technologies make it possible to produce contraceptive drugs containing a minimum amount of hormones and affecting exclusively the process of conception.

pharmachologic effect

New generation contraceptive pills contain a complex of progestogens and estrogens. These sex hormones inhibit the synthesis of gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone) in the pituitary gland of the brain. As a result, the process of maturation of the egg and rupture of the follicle is blocked, so pregnancy cannot occur.

Oral contraceptives cause the cervical mucus to thicken, making it difficult for sperm to move and enter the uterus. After taking birth control pills, a secretory transformation of the endometrial layer occurs, even if spontaneous ovulation occurs, fertilization of the egg, the embryo cannot be implanted into the wall of the uterus.

Third-generation progestogens have a high affinity for the hormonal progesterone receptors, so they can bind to them and have a contraceptive effect, blocking ovulation and the release of FSH, LH. At the same time, with androgen receptors, progestogens have a low affinity, which reduces the risk of side effects in the form of male-pattern hair growth, acne, excess weight, hair loss, irritability, etc.

The contraceptive effect of pills is mainly provided by progestogens, estrogens support the proliferation of the inner layer of the uterus, control the course of the menstrual cycle, replace the lack of estradiol, the synthesis of which is blocked along with ovulation. Thanks to synthetic estrogens, intermenstrual bleeding does not occur while taking modern birth control pills.

Depending on the composition of the active ingredients, COCs are distinguished - combined oral contraceptives containing progestogens + estrogens, and purely gestagenic contraceptive pills (mini-pills).

Taking into account the daily dosage of synthetic estrogens, COCs are classified:

• High-dosage contains up to 50 mcg / day. ethinyl estradiol.
• Low-dose contraceptives include no more than 35 mcg / day. estrogenic component.
• Microdose tablets are distinguished by the smallest amount, not exceeding 20 μg / day.

High-dose hormonal contraceptives are used only for medicinal purposes and for emergency protection after unprotected intercourse. Currently, low- and micro-dose contraceptives are preferred for preventing unwanted pregnancies.

Depending on the combination of progestogens and estrogens, COCs are divided:

• Monophasic tablets are characterized by a constant daily dose of both sex hormones.
• Multiphasic contraceptives have variable dosages of estrogen. This creates an imitation of fluctuations in the hormonal balance in a woman's body at different phases of the menstrual cycle.

Tablets with a low content of hormones provide reliable protection against unplanned pregnancy (99%), are well tolerated, and help control the menstrual cycle. After stopping COC use, reproductive function is restored within 1–12 months.

In addition to the contraceptive effect, oral contraceptives are prescribed for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, reducing the volume of blood loss during menstruation, ovulatory pain, and reducing the frequency of recurrences of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. COCs reduce the risk of developing cancer of the endometrium of the uterus, ovaries, rectum, anemia, ectopic pregnancy.

Pros and cons of taking COCs

The main benefits of taking combined birth control pills include:

• high level of reliability - 99%;
• additional therapeutic effect;
• prevention of chronic diseases, cancerous tumors;
• fast contraceptive effect of pills;
• protection against ectopic pregnancy;
• accidental use of COCs in early pregnancy is not dangerous;
• prevent the appearance of intermenstrual, dysfunctional uterine bleeding;
• contraceptives are suitable for long-term contraception;
• the possibility of canceling pills if you want to get pregnant;
• the condition of the skin improves.

After a short-term intake of combined oral contraceptives (3 months), the sensitivity of hormonal receptors in the ovaries increases, therefore, after the abolition of COCs, an increased stimulation of ovulation and the release of gonadotropins occur - a rebound effect. This method of therapy helps women with anovulation to become pregnant.

The disadvantages of taking birth control pills include the high cost and possible side effects. Adverse manifestations are rare (10-30%), mainly in the first few months. Later, the condition of women returns to normal. The simultaneous intake of COCs and anticonvulsants, antituberculosis drugs, tetracyclines, antidepressants reduces the therapeutic effect of contraceptives.

Common side effects include:

• irritability, aggressiveness, tendency to depression;
• migraine;
• swelling of the mammary glands;
• impaired glucose tolerance;
• increase in body weight;
• chloasma - the appearance of age spots on the skin;
• acne, seborrhea;
• breakthrough bleeding;
• intermenstrual bleeding;
• thrombophlebitis;
• decreased libido;
• amenorrhea due to endometrial atrophy;
• increased blood pressure.

If the side effects persist after 3 months of taking birth control pills, the pills are canceled or replaced with other drugs. A complication such as thromboembolism is extremely rare.

Indications and contraindications for taking COCs

Combined oral contraceptives are suitable for women who have a regular sex life, suffering from painful, heavy menstruation, endometriosis, benign breast tumors. Perhaps prescribing birth control pills in the postpartum period if the mother is not breastfeeding.

Contraindications:

• thrombophlebitis;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• diabetes;
• pregnancy or suspicion of possible conception;
• pancreatitis;
• inflammatory diseases, liver tumors;
• renal failure;
• lactation;
• uterine bleeding of unknown etiology;
• migraine;
• individual intolerance to the active ingredients.

When pregnancy occurs, taking birth control pills should be urgently canceled. But if a woman drank the medicine after conception, there is no significant risk for the intrauterine development of the child.

Dosing regimen for COCs

Contraceptives are selected individually for each woman. This takes into account the presence of diseases of the gynecological sphere, concomitant systemic ailments, possible contraindications.

The doctor advises the patient on the rules for taking COCs, monitors for 3-4 months. During this period, the tolerance of the pills is assessed, a decision can be made to cancel or replace the contraceptive. Dispensary records are kept during the entire period of use of contraceptives.

First-line drugs include monophasic COCs containing estrogen no more than 35 μg / day. and gestagens with a weak androgenic effect. Three-phase tablets are prescribed for primary or secondary estrogen deficiency, decreased sex drive, dry vaginal mucous membranes, menstrual irregularities.

After the start of taking birth control pills, side effects may occur in the form of smearing secretions, intermenstrual, breakthrough uterine bleeding caused by changes in hormonal levels. After 3 months, all symptoms should disappear. If the malaise persists, the drug is replaced taking into account the problems that have arisen.

The contraceptive pill is taken every day at the same time. For convenience, ordinal numbers are indicated on the blister. COCs start on the first day of the menstrual cycle and continue for 21 days. Then take a break for 1 week, during this period, withdrawal bleeding is observed, ending after the start of a new package.

If you miss taking the next contraceptive pill, you must drink it no later than 12 hours later. If more time has passed, the contraceptive effect of the drug will be lower. Therefore, over the next 7 days, it is necessary to use additional barrier agents against unwanted pregnancy (condom, suppositories). You cannot interrupt COC intake.

Reception schemes

Schemes for prolonged use of combined oral contraceptives for menstrual irregularities:

• Short dosing of birth control pills can extend your period between your periods by 1-4 weeks. Such schemes are used to delay spontaneous menstruation, prevent bleeding, and withdrawal after a course of oral contraceptives.
• Long-term dosing is prescribed to delay periods from 7 weeks to several months. Treatment with contraceptive pills is prescribed for anemia, endometriosis, premenstrual syndrome, hyperpolymenorrhea.

Some women prefer cyclic COC intake with a seven-day break due to fear of pregnancy and infertility. Some patients believe that menstruation is a physiological process.

Popular combined oral contraceptives

Low Hormone Microdosage Tablets:

• The median is a monophasic estrogen-progestogenic COC. The drug contains drospirenone, which has an anti-mineral corticoid effect, prevents overweight, the appearance of edema, acne, oily skin, seborrhea.
• contains ethinyl estradiol 20 μg, dospirinone 3 mg. A contraceptive drug is prescribed for the purpose of contraception, for the treatment of severe acne, painful menstruation.
• Lindinet 20 tablets include ethinylestaradiol 20 μg, gestodene - 75 μg. It is indicated for use in painful menstruation, with an irregular cycle, for contraception.
• Zoely. Active ingredients: estradiol hemihydrate - 1.55 mg, nomegestrol acetate - 2.5 mg. Nomegestrol acetate is a highly selective progestogen with a similar structure to progesterone. The active ingredient has a mild androgenic activity, does not have a mineralocorticoid, estrogenic and glucocorticoid effect.

Mini drank

Popular contraceptive pills with minimal hormone content - mini-pills are an alternative method of contraception for women who should not take COCs. The preparations include micro-doses of progestin, an analogue of progesterone. One capsule contains 300-500 mcg / day. The effect of mini-pills is inferior to COCs, but they have a milder effect, they are recommended for women who have side effects after taking combined contraceptive pills.

The fairer sex can take low-dose progestin drugs during lactation, the active ingredient does not affect the taste of breast milk and does not reduce its volume. Unlike COCs, mini-pills do not cause blood thickening, do not contribute to thrombosis, increase in blood pressure, therefore they are allowed for use in cardiovascular pathologies, thrombophlebitis.

Contraceptive progestin-only pills do not affect ovulation; they thicken cervical mucus, preventing sperm from entering the uterine cavity and ovaries. In addition, the peristalsis of the fallopian tubes slows down, proliferative changes in the endometrium occur, which does not allow the embryo to implant in the event of fertilization of the egg. When taking progestogen drugs, the menstrual cycle and regular bleeding persist.

The contraceptive effect is achieved 3-4 hours after taking the pill and lasts for a day. Mini-pills provide 95% protection against unplanned pregnancy.

Rules for using mini-pills

Before starting the use of contraceptives, women need to be examined by a gynecologist to exclude pregnancy, chronic diseases of the reproductive system. To get the desired result, you must strictly follow the rules for using the mini-saw:

• Taking pills starts from the first and continues on the 28th day of the menstrual cycle, they drink them continuously at the same time. Skipping the next contraceptive intake for more than 3 hours completely eliminates the contraceptive effect.
• During the first few weeks, nausea may be troubling, and usually this symptom gradually goes away. To reduce the discomfort, it is recommended to take the pill with meals.
• If vomiting opens after taking the mini-drink, the pill should be drunk again as soon as the state of health returns to normal. This recommendation also applies to diarrhea. For the next 7 days, you will need to use additional contraceptives (condoms) to prevent unwanted pregnancies.
• When switching from COCs, you need to drink mini-pills immediately after the end of the package of combined contraceptives.
• Pregnancy can occur in the first month after the withdrawal of gestagenic pills. Ovulation occurs in 7-30 days (on average 17) at the end of the 56-day course.
• Women who are prone to the appearance of age spots (chloasma) after exposure to the sun should avoid prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
• With the simultaneous administration of mini-pili tablets and barbiturates, activated carbon, laxatives, anticonvulsants, Rifampicin, the effectiveness of contraceptives becomes less.
• In the postpartum period, gestagenic contraceptives are prescribed on the first day of the onset of menstruation, but not earlier than 6 months after the birth of the child.
• After an abortion, the pills are started to be drunk immediately after the operation; additional contraception is not required.
• The contraceptive effect of the mini-pill is weakened if the gap between taking the next contraceptive pill is more than 27 hours. In the event that a woman has forgotten to take the medicine, it is necessary to do this as soon as possible and in the future strictly follow the treatment regimen. During the next week, you need to use additional means of protection against pregnancy.

Contraindications

It is contraindicated to take oral contraceptives with a low dose of hormones during pregnancy, with uterine bleeding of unexplained etiology, liver disease, taking steroids, exacerbation of herpes, liver failure. You can not drink pills if ectopic pregnancies have previously occurred, if malignant tumors of the mammary glands are detected or suspected. Contraindication is lactose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption.

A decrease in the effectiveness of contraceptives can be observed in violation of the rules of admission, the use of laxatives, barbiturates, anticonvulsants, after vomiting, diarrhea. Against the background of gestagenic pills, irregular menstruation may appear. In such cases, it is necessary to stop taking mini-pills, exclude a possible pregnancy (including an ectopic one) and only after that resume the course.

Side effects of birth control pills

Mini-pills have fewer side effects than COCs. The negative consequences of taking birth control pills include:

• vaginal candidiasis (thrush);
• nausea, vomiting;
• intermenstrual bleeding;
• intolerance to contact lenses;
• swelling of the mammary glands, discharge from the nipples;

• birth control pills cause weight gain;
• the appearance of chloasma;
• urticaria, erythema nodosum;
• headache;
• acne;
• breakthrough bleeding while taking drugs that affect liver function;
• decreased libido;
• follicular ovarian cyst;
• amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea.

Mini-pills can increase the need for insulin in people with diabetes. Therefore, before taking birth control pills, it is necessary to consult with an endocrinologist and, if necessary, adjust the dosage of hypoglycemic agents. Women should constantly monitor their blood sugar levels during the first month of taking the mini-pill.

In rare cases, the use of gestagenic agents can trigger the development of thromboembolism. It should be borne in mind that women over 40 years of age have an increased risk of developing breast cancer during treatment with hormonal drugs. If serious side effects appear, mini-pills are canceled.

If, after the onset of pregnancy, accidental use of contraceptives occurs, there is no risk to the fetus, but the further course of pills should be canceled. At high doses of progestogens, masculinization of the female embryo may occur. During lactation, some of the active substances of the drug penetrate into breast milk, but its taste does not change.

Popular mini drank

• Femulene (ethynodiol).
• Exluton (linestrenol 0.5 mg).
• Charosetta. The active substance is desogestrel at a dosage of 75 mcg. The tablets do not cause significant violations of carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, hemostasis indicators.
• Microlut (levonorgestrel 0.03 mg).
• Continuin (ethynodiol acetate 0.5 mg).

The disadvantages of using progestogen contraceptive pills include the possible formation of follicular ovarian cysts, menstrual irregularities, edema, weight gain, irritability. The contraceptive effect of mini-pills is lower than that of COCs, 90–97%.

Modern contraceptives contain small doses of hormones, provoke the development of side effects to a lesser extent, and provide reliable protection against unplanned pregnancy. The attending physician prescribes the tablets, taking into account the individual indications of the woman. The patient should be registered with the dispensary for the entire period of use of COCs or mini-pills. Particularly careful monitoring is carried out during the first 3-4 months from the beginning of the use of oral contraceptives.

Taking hormonal contraceptives is reliable: it is easy to take them, they give a therapeutic effect for female diseases. Which remedy is the best from the long list of suggestions?

The only way to eliminate unwanted pregnancy is abortion. This unpleasant procedure is dangerous for a woman. To avoid it, you need to think in advance and protect yourself from unplanned conception. Medicine offers many ways to prevent. The most effective is the use of hormonal contraceptives.

Hormonal has long been known in Russia and is widely used. Effectively copes with the task at hand - protects against unplanned pregnancy. It is based on the use of hormones that are excreted synthetically: estrogen and progesterone. In their action, they are similar to the natural ones produced by the ovaries.

In the preparation, their number is different. The dose depends on the type of contraceptive and the form it is in. New generation hormonal contraceptives can contain either one substance or both.

There are two types of drugs:

• one-component;
• combined.

In such preparations, ethinyl estradiol can be used as the main substance. It is similar in structure to estrogen. Therefore, it has a similar effect - it protects against unplanned pregnancy.

Previously, the concentration of the main substance was high, about 160 μg / day. Manufacturers today offer drugs that are low in synthetic hormones. The daily dose does not exceed 30 mcg.

They replace not only estrogen with analogs, but also progesterone. There are a lot of compounds with a similar composition. For example, norethinodrel, gestodene, drospirenone and others.

Operating principle

The mechanism of action of the funds is to prevent ovulation by interfering with the natural movement of the egg. It does not leave the ovary, fertilization becomes impossible.

Changes are noted inside the uterus itself. This is especially true of its inner layer. The egg will not be able to attach to it, even if conception has occurred.

Synthetic hormones increase the thickness of the cervical mucus of the cervix. This leads to the fact that male reproductive cells cannot enter the uterus. The female body is reliably protected from pregnancy.

Hormonal contraception has a beneficial effect. They are helping:

• normalize menstruation. The volume of blood flow decreases, which is important for women suffering from iron deficiency anemia;
• reduce pain accompanying ovulatory syndrome and pre-monthly period;
• increase the protective properties of the female body. The likelihood of infection of the genitals decreases;
• prevent dysfunctional uterine bleeding;
• reduce the development of benign breast disease. For this, multiphasic oral preparations that include progestogens are suitable;
• suppress the formation of androgens;
• cure seborrhea, acne and other diseases;
• improve bone density. Synthetic hormones help to ensure that calcium is well absorbed.

When not to use

Low-dose hormonal contraceptives are not suitable for all women. There are a number of cases when it is better to refuse them, since the likelihood of side effects is high.

The main contraindication is pregnancy. To make sure that it is absent, contact your gynecologist. He will conduct an examination, according to the results of which he will determine conception and the possibility of taking hormonal contraceptives.

• hypersensitivity to drug components. The likelihood of an allergic reaction is high;
• liver problems and breast cancer;
• blood discharge with unknown etiology;
• poor blood clotting;
• breastfeeding.

Choosing the best hormonal contraceptive is difficult. Reception depends on the individual characteristics of the woman. Before using them, you need to consult a gynecologist. He will advise the drug that is best for a woman.

Advantages and disadvantages

Hormonal contraceptives have both pros and cons.

The main advantage: reliability, convenience and availability.

Hormonal birth control pills and other drugs are highly effective. The method is reversible, that is, after stopping taking the pills, pregnancy can quickly occur. Side effects are rare.

Sometimes doctors prescribe such drugs for the treatment of diseases of the female genital organs. Taking them reduces the likelihood of developing tumors, stabilizes menstruation. Used to treat dysmenorrhea.

• The disadvantages of drugs include the lack of protection against diseases that are transmitted through intimacy.
• If the tablet form of the drug is chosen, then its intake should be performed regularly. Otherwise, the effectiveness of the contraceptive will decrease. It is only suitable for disciplined ladies.
• For tuberculosis and epilepsy, these drugs are not recommended. Their effect is reduced by medications used in treatment. St. John's wort extract, which is included in many antidepressants, has a similar effect.

• Alcoholic beverages are compatible with hormonal contraceptives only in minimal doses.

This method of contraception has side effects. They appear as:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• pain in the abdomen;
• increase in total body weight;
• the mammary glands become heavy, amenorrhea develops.

Hormonal agents have a negative effect on the limbic system. It is easy to notice: women complain of changeable mood, deterioration in the quality of sexual life.

Often in the early stages of taking the pills, vaginal discharge is disturbing. If they are smearing, then do not worry and stop taking. They go away after a few months.

The form and composition of contraceptive drugs

Single-ingredient hormonal agents come in a variety of forms. There are several ways for the active substance to enter the body: tablets, injections, vaginal rings, patches on the skin, an intrauterine device, implants inserted under the skin.

Their principle of operation is similar. Means differ in appearance and method of application. As part of such funds, a synthetic hormone progestin.

Parenteral administration

A common method of hormonal contraception. It is characterized by prolonged action.

Injections

The active ingredient is medroxyprogesterone. It is carried out once every 3 months. The favorable period is from the first to the seventh day of the cycle. The effect of the procedure will be visible in a day. The duration of the drug is at least a month. Not everyone is allowed injections. There are several contraindications to their implementation. Gynecologists do not recommend parenteral administration for breastfeeding, venous pathologies, heart, blood vessels and liver.

The reliability of the injection method is 99% - one pregnancy was noted per year. The introduction is performed intramuscularly. A significant drawback is the long period of restoration of reproductive ability. This period is more than eight months after the drug is discontinued.

Admission is allowed by women who have reached the age of 40. The introduction is performed in the first few days of the cycle. The first two weeks require additional protection against unwanted pregnancy.

Subcutaneous silicone capsules

The silicone capsules are administered by a doctor. This should be done under the skin in the shoulder or forearm area. Implanon is the only contraceptive implant registered in the Russian Federation. The active substance is desogestrel, which is released into the blood and protects against unwanted pregnancy.

The implant is inserted for the first time on days of the cycle. The contraceptive effect lasts for three years. There is another version of the drug - Norplant. It consists of six capsules. The duration of their action reaches five years, but the drug is not used in Russia.
The capsule can be disposed of earlier than its expiration date. An indication for this may be side effects: visual impairment, surgery, thrombosis. Outwardly, the capsule is invisible. She does not require special care from a woman. Alcohol is not contraindicated with this method of contraception. The contraceptive effect does not get weaker.

Hormonal coil

Intrauterine device Mirena - active ingredient - levonorgestrel in very low concentration. It is inserted intravaginally and is securely attached. It is intended for use by women giving birth. Otherwise, it can lead to infertility.
The method is valid for 3-5 years. The device is installed and removed by the doctor. The procedure does not require anesthesia. The effectiveness of the method reaches 100%, since two actions are combined: local and hormonal.

Solid dosage form

Solid dosage forms are tablets. One pack is calculated for the first cycle. The number of tablets is 21 and 28 pieces. It is recommended to start taking it from the first day of the cycle. As soon as a new pack starts, a break is necessary if there are 21 tablets in the pack.

Two types of combined tablets: mono- and polyphasic. Their main difference is in the dosage of hormones for each day of the cycle.

Hormonal contraceptives are available in high-, micro-, and low-dose. This distinction is due to the composition of the drugs. Basically, different amounts of estrogen.

Such funds protect against unwanted pregnancy and are used for medicinal purposes in gynecology. They are especially effective for endometriosis, ovarian cysts, infertility. Often prescribed in the case of hirsutism, acne, seborrhea. Can be used for girls who are not sexually active. Their action is aimed at combating diseases of the female genital organs. Low-dose hormonal contraceptives are most commonly used by women of all ages.

Contraceptives must be taken regularly, every day. Only under this condition will their efficiency be high and amount to 99%. If you missed an appointment, read the instructions for use and follow the steps indicated in it. This will eliminate the possibility of pregnancy. Skipping the appointment again will further reduce the reliability of the contraceptive method.

• lactation period;
• age 36 and older;
• if a woman smokes;
• vascular diseases;
• headaches;
• thrombosis, poor blood clotting;
• malignant breast tumors;
• liver diseases.

Mini-pills belong to single-component hormonal drugs. They include a minimum amount of gestagen.

The reliability of protection is inferior to the combined tablets. However, they are much safer, since the concentration of the hormone in the composition is minimal. Reception is indicated for women aged 40 and older, with breastfeeding, thrombosis. Oral contraceptive is not recommended in case of breast cancer, headaches, functional cyst and ectopic conception.

There is another type of pill - postcoital funds... They contain a shock amount of a substance similar to progestogen. There are one or two tablets in a pack. They are taken after intercourse during the first three days. This is an emergency contraception. Contraindicated if age is less than 17 years, with liver disease, pregnancy. You can use them no more than 4 times a year, since they contain a huge amount of hormones and their intake inflicts a colossal blow on the woman's hormonal system.

Parenteral contraceptives

There are two types of contraception of this type:

• contraceptive patch Evra;
• vaginal ring NovaRing.

Patch

The duration of the hormonal patch is twenty-one days. There are three of them in one package. Every week a new one is attached to the skin. When the patches run out, you need to take a break of seven days. During this period, bleeding may appear, which resembles menstruation.

The contraceptive contains ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromine, 0.6 mg and 6, respectively. These components penetrate into the female body in an amount corresponding to microdosed COCs. It is necessary to glue the patch on the skin in the area of \u200b\u200bthe shoulder, shoulder blades or thighs.

The transdermal system has one major drawback - inconvenient use. Under the influence of water or friction, it can spontaneously come off. It cannot be reused, as it loses its properties.

Vaginal ring

Flexible latex ring NovaRing. It is inserted into the vagina. The amount of substances in the ring is minimal: ethinylestradiol and etonogestrel at a concentration of 0.015 mg / 0.12 mg.

The dimensions of the ring are small: diameter 5 cm. The introduction into the female genital organ is carried out for the first time on the days of menstruation.

The device is valid for less than a month. On the twenty-first day, it must be removed. The break lasts a week. Then a new ring is introduced. In case of spontaneous removal, the device can be reused. To do this, it must be rinsed and put in its original place.

The effectiveness of the method is equal to the use of combined type tablets. The difference is in fewer side effects. The downside may be latex intolerance.

Selection features

It is difficult to find hormonal contraceptives. Such drugs have many contraindications, therefore, before using them, it is necessary to undergo a complete gynecological examination. Based on the results obtained, the doctor will prescribe the best remedy to protect against unwanted pregnancy.

List of new generation hormonal contraceptives

One-component		Combined
Mini drank	Parenteral	By dosage regimen	By the amount of active substance
Microlut, Exluton. Charosetta	Injections - Depo-Provera; Implants - Implanon; Intrauterine systems - Mirena	single-phase: Zhdes, Novinet, Logest, Regulon	microdosed: Mersilon, Novinet, Logest
		two-phase: Anteovin	low-dose: Yarina, Janine, Regulon, Marvelon
		three-phase: Tri-regol, Triziston, Trinovum	high-dose: Non Ovlon, Ovidon

Identify the types of drugs, the use of which depends on the phenotype

• Estrogenic. Recommended for women with dry skin, heavy periods, last twenty-eight days. Before menses, the breasts swell and become painful.
  • Rigevidon, Bisekurin, Miniziston;
• Balanced. Designed for use by girls with normal skin type. Menstruation is normal, with no change in behavior or condition a few days before. The duration of the cycle is from twenty-eight days.
  • Tri-Mercy, Lindinet, Triziston, Regulon.
• Progesterone. The woman looks like a teenager by her external data. Skin type acne or seborrhea. Monthly short: up to 3-5 days. The period before menstruation is characterized by pain in the abdomen, irritability.
  • Means with an antiandrogenic effect are suitable: Janine and Yarina.

Particular attention should be paid to the choice of funds during the period of breastfeeding.

You can take mini-pills, implants, spirals, injections. This list is also recommended for women over the age of forty.

Negative action

Hormonal contraceptives rarely cause side effects in women who have no health complaints. There are a number of symptoms that will indicate their appearance. At the first sign, the drug should be discontinued. Be sure to go for a consultation with a gynecologist.

Side effects:

• deterioration of vision;
• liver disease, thrombosis;
• headache attacks;
• bleeding that has no logical explanation;
• increased body weight;
• change in the size of the fibroid;

Side effects are known during normal body reactions. They themselves disappear after a while. This includes spotting, lack of periods, impaired sex drive, taste changes, skin problems, and mild headaches.

Rarely, taking oral contraceptives leads to the development of amenorrhea, an irregular cycle, and acne.

How the body reacts to the abolition of the contraceptive

You can stop taking pills that prevent pregnancy on your own. A specialist will help to remove or implant. After a break, experts advise a contraceptive scheme.

Reproductive ability resumes over different periods of time. With a ring, oral contraceptive pill, and a patch, it is possible to conceive a child within the first months after using them. Injections, implants and coils take longer. Basically, it takes about nine months for pregnancy to occur.

If you conceive while using contraceptives, stop taking them. They will not harm the fetus if pregnancy is diagnosed late. However, often taking them leads to ectopic conception.

What to be afraid of

The main function of the female body is the birth of children. If it doesn't, it gets old. The work of the genitals deteriorates: less hormones are formed, the ovaries change their size, the vessels narrow.

The dangers of such contraceptives are debatable. Foreign substances adversely affect the smooth operation of the mechanism. They can damage the sex glands. Natural connections are broken, artificial ones are formed.

Contraceptives interfere with the active movement of the egg. As a result, the fertilization process provided by nature does not occur. The body is sensitive to such changes and can malfunction.

Long-term use of synthetic hormones is a serious challenge. They act on the mucous layer of the uterus for a long time and often lead to irreversible changes.

• Against the background of uncontrolled use of this method of contraception, the number of heart attacks, thrombosis, strokes and anemia increased. They diagnose diseases of the kidneys and urinary system. Sleep is disturbed, headaches disturb, mood is changeable, the degree of aggressiveness is increased.
• The use of synthetic hormones without a medical prescription leads to problems with the mammary glands. The risk of malignant tumors increases. Disorders in sexual activity and a delay in menstruation are observed.
• Contraceptive use should be strictly supervised by a doctor because of the many side effects. Many women have varicose veins, cycle changes, weight fluctuations: you can both get better and lose weight. Even if there is no pronounced side effect from taking funds, it is not easy to predict what the consequences will be.

Hormonal contraceptives are a reliable method of protection against unplanned pregnancy. Can be used by women who have a permanent sex life, as the only method of contraception or combined with condoms.

Almost all have a therapeutic effect, therefore they are used for various diseases of the female genital organs. If the doctor's advice is taken into account when choosing, the likelihood of side effects will be minimal.

The newest contraceptive pill: freedom of choice. Hormonal and non-hormonal, used after the act. Which one is better to use?

thank

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. A specialist consultation is required!

The main priorities of modern medicine are taking care of maintaining the reproductive health of women, protecting and ensuring safe motherhood. It's no secret that Russia is in one of the first places in terms of the number of abortions. Abortion is a real operation that often leads to infertility, menstrual irregularities, miscarriages, and even maternal death. The following conclusion can be drawn - measures to prevent abortion can help maintain a woman's health and give birth to a healthy child.

No wonder they say that children are the flowers of life. But each flower opens only at a time determined by nature. A woman has the right to give birth to a child whenever she wants, at any intervals of her life, so that the child is desired and happy. This fact is confirmed by law.

For the prevention of unwanted pregnancy and abortion at a certain stage of a woman's life, an important role is played contraception.

Contraception has been used by women since ancient times. So, even in ancient Africa, intravaginal herbal remedies were used in the form of a cocoon, and in America they used douching with decoctions of herbs, lemon juice, decoction of mahogany bark at the end of intercourse.

The number of contraceptives has increased over time, but effective methods and reliable drugs appeared only in the 20th century.

New contraceptives appear almost every day. Science does not stand still. They are easy to use, reliable, safe for health, moreover, they have a therapeutic effect in some diseases.

Currently, medicine offers various contraceptives, and a woman can always choose which methods and drugs to use. In our country, freedom of choice of contraceptives is ensured, but a woman cannot always decide on her own what suits her best. In deciding on the choice of a contraceptive, the consultation of the attending physician will help - only a qualified specialist can assess the state of a woman's health, determine the indications for prescribing a particular method of contraception, and offer the best drug for the patient.

Hormonal oral contraceptives

Every year more and more women use hormonal contraception. In Russia, the use of hormonal contraceptives has increased more than 5 times over the past ten years. Reliability, ease of use, a minimum of side effects, a beneficial effect on the organs and systems of the body allow hormonal preparations to find more and more grateful fans. Women today prefer hormonal oral contraceptives as the most effective. Combined birth control pills are the gold standard of contraception, their effectiveness is 99%. The newest hormonal contraceptives have made a splash, a real revolution among other contraceptives.

The effectiveness of contraceptives is assessed by specialists by counting the number of unplanned pregnancies per 100 women per year. This indicator is called the Pearl Index.

Types and composition of contraceptive pills

The first oral contraceptives appeared in the fifties and sixties of the XX century. The predecessor of all drugs for practical use is the Enovid contraceptive, which contained 0.15 mg mestranol and 15 mg norethinodrel. Then the development of hormonal drugs developed, and underwent the following changes:

• The new contraceptive pills contain small doses of hormones while maintaining their effectiveness and reliability.
• New analogs of female sex hormones were obtained: etanyl estradiol and levonorgestrel.
• Progestogens of the third generation appeared - norgestimate, desogestrel, gestodene.
• The newest contraceptives have been developed - mini-pills that do not contain progestogen.

Taking drugs with a low concentration of hormones helps to reduce side effects and complications.

Combined contraceptives contain two components:
1. Synthetic estrogen ethinyl estradiol, which is the estrogenic component of drugs.
2. The gestagenic component in the form of various progestogens.

All contraceptive pills, depending on the dosage of hormones, are divided into the following types:

• monophasic;
• two-phase;
• three-phase.

In monophasic hormonal contraceptives, the daily dose of active ingredients is constant, and the composition may vary. It is clear that monophasic drugs consist of tablets with the same dose of hormones. These tablets are of the same color, used during one course. Popular monophasic contraceptives include: Regulon, Marvelon, Silest, Novinet, Mersilon, Rigevidon.

Two-phase drugs involve changing the doses of hormones twice per course, three-phase drugs - three times. Usually, these tablets for one course have a different color. Anteovin belongs to two-phase contraceptives, Tri-merci, Trikvilar, Tri-regol, Triziston to three-phase contraceptives.

Contraceptives "mini-pili" are monophasic, and are intended for the period of breastfeeding and lactation. These include: Lactinet, Exluton, Charosetta.

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) work by blocking ovulation. In this way, they provide protection against unplanned pregnancy. Only progestogen has the ability to block the ovulation process, the dose of which is the same in all combined contraceptive pills. The difference between micro-dose and low-dose drugs is only in the dosage of estrogen. Estrogens affect a woman's menstrual cycle.

Depending on the dosage of active ingredients, birth control pills are divided into four types:

Microdose birth control pills
Typically, these products contain a minimum dose of the hormone ethinyl estradiol. Side effects when using them are minimal. In some cases, they have the ability to eliminate hormonal imbalances: acne (especially in adolescence), painful menstruation. These pills are best for young women under 25 who have never given birth and are sexually active. They can also be used by mature women over 35 and by women who have never used hormonal contraception. The most popular are: Tri-Mercy, Jess, Mersilon, Lindinet -20, Klayra, Novinet.

Low-dose birth control pills
The drugs contain the same ethinyl estradiol, but in combination with various hormones: desogestrel, gestodene, norgestimate, dienogest or levonorgestrel. These birth control pills are recommended for young women giving birth. In addition to the contraceptive effect, these funds have a pronounced antiandrogenic effect: they help to eliminate unwanted facial hair growth, prevent the appearance of acne and hair loss against a background of hormonal imbalance. Popular tablets: Regulon, Belara, Marvelon, Yarina, Janine, Midiana, Femoden.

Medium-dose birth control pills
They usually contain two hormones: ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel. Less commonly, it may contain other combinations of hormones. Medium-dose birth control pills are intended for women who have given birth, especially those over 30. They also have an antiandrogenic effect, which is important for women who have not recovered from pregnancy and childbirth. However, when choosing a drug, one condition must be observed - these funds are not suitable for nursing. Popular tablets: Diane 35, Desmulen, Tri-regol, Chloe.

High-dose birth control pills
They contain ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel, but only in higher doses. Such funds are primarily used to treat and prevent hormonal diseases. Contraceptives of this type can be taken by women over 35 years old, if drugs with a low dosage of hormones are ineffective. These include: Trikvilar, Tri-regol, Ovidon, Milvane, Non-Ovlon.

Newest contraceptive pills: how to choose?

A woman wants a full life, and fear and unwillingness of an unplanned pregnancy should not be a reason for refusing to have sex. There are many ways to protect yourself. Birth control pills are the most reliable.

Choosing a contraceptive is difficult and should be taken seriously.

Ideally, a specialist should deal with the selection of contraceptive drugs, but sometimes a woman herself decides which pills to take. In these cases, it is necessary to scrupulously collect information about the tool. Where do you start?
1. Become familiar with the different types of birth control pills.
2. Compare all the pros and cons.
3. Define Your Purpose - Decide what you want to get from using oral contraceptives.

What do you need to know to make the right choice? Let's figure it out.

A woman should find information about drugs and their effect on the body. It should be borne in mind that contraceptive pills differ in parameters, degree of reliability and side effects.

Combined contraceptives are usually composed of two analogs of female sex hormones, so in terms of reliability they are in the first place. Combined oral agents are used both to protect against pregnancy and to treat diseases and hormonal disorders. Women who opt for hormonal contraceptive pills are still recommended to consult with their doctor and undergo a hormonal study.

New contraceptives are the so-called "mini-pills". They contain only one hormone - in this regard, the reliability of the drugs is 90%. Their advantage is the ability to use during lactation, as well as women who have estrogen intolerance (which are part of COCs).

The next type of contraceptive pill is emergency contraception. These tablets are not intended for long-term use, but are used immediately after intercourse. The content of hormones in them is very high, so these funds can be used only once a month.

At present, contraceptive drugs of the second to fifth generations have appeared on the market. These newer drugs contain a low dose of hormones and have mild side effects. It should be understood that there are no good or bad contraceptives. There are remedies that are or are not suitable for a woman. Therefore, for the selection of contraceptives, the individual characteristics of the body of a particular woman must be taken into account.

With self-selection, you need, first of all, to determine the phenotype - the body type of a woman.

There are the following types of female phenotype:
1. With a predominance of estrogen - the estrogenic type.
2. With a balance of estrogens and gestagens - a balanced type.
3. With a predominance of gestagens and androgens - gestagenic type.

The phenotype is determined by the following characteristics: the general appearance, volume and condition of the mammary glands, skin type, the nature of menstruation, the duration of the menstrual cycle, the presence of toxicosis in a previous pregnancy, the woman's body weight and the tendency to be overweight.

A balanced phenotype is characterized by average values \u200b\u200bof these traits. In this case, it is recommended to take Marvelon, Trikvilar, Mikroginon, Triziston, Mersilon, Tri-merci, Regulon.

With the predominance of the estrogenic phenotype, a very feminine appearance, a very long menstrual cycle, very abundant menstruation and vaginal discharge, and moderate fullness are characteristic. It is advisable to take drugs such as Anteovin, Minulet, Norinil, Rigevidon, Miniziston.

With the predominance of the gestagenic phenotype, all the signs are less pronounced: an unfeminine appearance, a small volume of mammary glands, scanty periods, a short duration of the menstrual cycle, oily skin. The following remedies are effective: Bisekurin, Chloe, Non-ovlon, Yarina, Ovidon, Jess, Janine, Klayra, Diana, Midiana, Belara.

No matter how carefully the choice is made, it still happens that the drug is not suitable. The ideal matching method has not yet been invented. Often you have to act by "trial and error" method, but sometimes it is inevitable, because every woman's body is unique.

It has been proven that the criterion for a successful choice of a contraceptive is the absence of menstruation for three months - i.e. adaptation period. Then this drug can be taken for a long time.

Non-hormonal birth control pills

Along with hormonal contraceptives, non-hormonal contraceptive pills appeared in due time. Today, there is an increase in the popularity of these funds, which is explained by some of the features of their action.

The fact is that the use of non-hormonal contraceptive pills is not contraindicated for women immediately after childbirth, for nursing mothers, and for women who cannot take hormones. And another important detail: non-hormonal agents for preventing pregnancy have not only the ability to destroy sperm, but also contribute to the formation of a protective film on the vaginal mucosa, and thickening of mucus in the cervical canal. Moreover, the active substances - spermicides - reduce the speed of movement of sperm, and the resulting mucus is a barrier to their penetration into the uterus. It is a good protection against unwanted pregnancy. Non-hormonal contraceptive pills, which is important in our time, protect a woman from sexually transmitted infections, as they have both antiseptic and antimicrobial effects.

It follows from this that non-hormonal contraceptives can be used by many women at different periods of life. The use of pills refers to a chemical barrier method of contraception. They are easy to use, do not violate hormonal levels, can be used at any reproductive age of a woman, and are the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

Contraceptive pills Pharmatex

Currently, the most popular non-hormonal contraceptive is Pharmatex. Pharmatex has spermicidal, antiseptic and antimicrobial effects.

In addition to the contraceptive effect, the Pharmatex birth control pills prevent the transmission of genital infections, reduce the risk of their consequences: infertility, miscarriage, cervical diseases, tumors caused by HIV infection.

A huge advantage of using Pharmatex is that it in no way affects either the hormonal background or the vaginal microflora.

Pharmatex, like other non-hormonal pills, affects such types of microorganisms as Trichomonas, gonococci, chlamydia, Candida fungi, herpes virus. Pharmatex acts locally, which does not give side effects on organs and systems of the whole organism.

The use of vaginal tablets is more suitable for women in the postpartum period, during lactation and breastfeeding, after an abortion, with irregular sex life, when there is no permanent partner.

Mode of application
The manufacturer of the products, as a rule, encloses instructions for use. Basically, non-hormonal vaginal tablets are inserted deep into the vagina 10 minutes before sexual intercourse. For more convenient administration of tablets and other dosage forms, a special applicator is included in the package of the drug.

You need to know that before each next intercourse, and in the case of intercourse that occurred later than two hours after the introduction of the pill, you must enter a new pill. Of course, to a certain extent, this is inconvenient, since a woman cannot afford to re-administer the pill after casual or unexpected sex. She needs to schedule the time of intercourse, which is unnatural.

It is believed that the effect of the drug lasts from 40 minutes to several hours. But it must be remembered that the use of vaginal tablets is not combined with water procedures before and after sexual intercourse using intimate hygiene products.

In some women, the drug may cause a burning sensation in the vagina. In this case, it is necessary to consult with your doctor about continuing or canceling Pharmatex. Pharmatex reliability is 80-82%.

Contraceptive suppositories and creams

Although the reliability of vaginal contraceptives is less high compared to hormonal contraception, they continue to gain popularity ratings. Only improper use of these funds can lead to unwanted pregnancy.

In addition to tablets, manufacturers suggest using other dosage forms: suppositories, creams, ointments. The active substance in the composition of the suppositories is either nonoxynol or benzalkonium chloride.

Pharmatex is also available in various forms: in the form of vaginal suppositories, tampons, cream, capsules.

Benefits of using contraceptive suppositories
Contraceptive suppositories are easy to use, easily inserted into the vagina, and have minor side effects. Another advantage of using non-hormonal vaginal suppositories is the effect of additional lubrication. They are especially suitable for partners who have problems with natural lubrication and dryness in the genitals.

Vaginal suppositories protect a woman from sexually transmitted infections, are indispensable in case of casual sexual intercourse, with infrequent sexual intercourse, in the absence of a permanent partner.
Disadvantages of using birth control suppositories
Vaginal contraceptive suppositories can affect the microflora of the vagina, since they contain acids in addition to the active substance. Burning and itching, allergic rashes that occur when using suppositories are an indication for their cancellation.

Dosing
Vaginal suppositories. The suppository is inserted into the vagina 10 minutes before sexual intercourse. The drug works for 4 hours.

Vaginal tampon. The tampon is taken out of the package, with the help of a finger, it is inserted into the vagina, up to the cervix. The protection effect is immediate and lasts 24 hours. The tampon does not need to be changed during this period, which is very convenient. The tampon does not change even in the presence of several sexual intercourse, which follow each other during the day. The tampon is removed no earlier than 2 hours after the last sexual intercourse, but no later than 24 hours after its first introduction into the vagina.

Vaginal cream. It is inserted into the vagina using a special syringe. Fill the device to the mark without forming air bubbles. Then slowly insert into the vagina before intercourse. The introduction is performed lying down. The action of the remedy begins immediately and lasts about 10 hours. Before repeated sexual intercourse, it is necessary to inject a portion of the cream again.

Popular drugs: Pharmatex, Nonoxynol, Patentex Oval, Contraceptin T.

Birth control pills after intercourse

One of the methods to prevent an unplanned pregnancy from occurring is called emergency contraception. This is the only protection in emergencies: rape, forced sexual intercourse and mental conditions associated with them. Also, emergency contraception is used for unprotected intercourse, as postcoital protection against possible pregnancy.

Sometimes this method is called simply: emergency, fire, emergency contraception, contraception the morning after. But still, it is correct to call it emergency, since this method is used in emergency situations.

Emergency contraception aims to prevent pregnancy at the following stages: ovulation, fertilization and the fixation of a fertilized egg in the endometrium (the inner layer of the uterine lining).

• in emergencies associated with violent actions by a partner, as well as in violation of the integrity of a condom or a woman skipping a birth control pill;
• with rare sexual contacts;
• with unprotected sex when no methods of contraception were used.

Contraindications for this method are the same as for taking other contraceptive pills, namely:

• thrombosis and thromboembolism (even in history);
• liver disease with a high degree of failure;
• kidney disease;
• oncological diseases.

For this method, hormonal preparations containing estrogens, combined hormonal contraceptives, as well as preparations containing gestagens and intrauterine devices can be used.

Recently, estrogens for emergency contraception have not been used so often, because they contain high doses of hormones, which leads to side effects - nausea and vomiting.

Combined contraceptive pills are used within 72 hours after intercourse, twice, with a break of 12 hours. Any drug from this group can be used.

The most famous drug for emergency contraception in Russia is Postinor. It is recommended to take it twice, one tablet at a time. The first tablet is taken no later than 72 hours after intercourse, the second - 12 hours after the first.

The second emergency contraceptive drug, Escapel, is taken once within 96 hours of intercourse.

Combined oral contraceptives are taken daily for 21 days. Then a break of 7 days is taken, and the next package of the drug begins to be taken. The course begins with an active tablet.

Mini-pills are accepted without interruption. Immediately after the end of the package, the next one begins.

Taking a break

It is recommended to take birth control pills for a long time, but you should see a gynecologist once a year. If the doctor does not determine the contraindications for taking your usual means, then you can safely continue taking them.

Menstruation when taking

When taking COCs, your periods may stop if you take them for a long time. With the use of other oral contraceptives, menstruation may become scanty, last for a shorter time.

If the use of contraceptives was regular, without gaps and breaks, but menstruation has stopped, then it is necessary to continue taking them.

But if the reception was irregular, it is worth suspecting the onset of pregnancy, urgently stop using the contraceptive and contact a gynecologist to identify it.

Periods after cancellation

Menstruation recovers completely within one to two months after the abolition of birth control pills. According to experts, about 80% of women have a planned pregnancy. If your period has not recovered within six months, you should see a doctor.

Bleeding when taken

After starting to take the pills, a woman may have spotting spotting. You should not interrupt the course for this reason. The spotting disappears as you continue to take it.

If you experience heavy bleeding, you should consult your doctor.

Can you get pregnant while taking birth control pills?

Pregnancy can occur only if the contraceptive regimen is violated. If the delay in taking the pill is more than 12 hours, the effectiveness of the contraceptive action weakens.

Another situation is that a woman vomits when taken. Then you need to take the next pill, since the first one has not been absorbed. In case of repeated vomiting, it is better to switch to another type of drug. The same steps should be taken for loose stools.

The reliability of contraceptives can be reduced when taking other medications - for example, antibiotics, St. John's wort, etc. In this case, it is recommended to use an additional method of contraception.

How long can the tablets be taken?

Unfortunately, the fear of hormonal drugs in Russian women is passed from generation to generation. Women ask a lot of questions, they try to find answers to them.

According to scientists, fifth-generation contraceptives have already appeared in Russia, which have insignificant side effects. But the number of questions is not decreasing.

Can I take birth control pills all the time, for more than a year?

In the absence of side effects of the funds taken by a woman, as well as medical contraindications for their intake, it is allowed to take contraceptives for a long time, even several years. Changing pills to others, or taking breaks, are not helpful, but on the contrary - harmful. The body adjusts to one type of pill, the transition to other contraceptives makes it work in a different rhythm. Research by scientists has proven that interruptions do not affect the incidence of complications and the development of subsequent pregnancies.

Pregnancy after stopping birth control pills

Calculations confirm that pregnancy can occur immediately after the abolition of the contraceptive pill, or after a short period of time. Interestingly, after the cancellation, the probability of pregnancy increases several times. Doctors use this circumstance in the treatment of infertility.

Can I stop drinking birth control pills?

A woman has the right to stop taking the contraceptive whenever she wishes.

Which is better: birth control pills or a spiral?

Women often ask: "Isn't it better to insert an intrauterine device than to take pills?" Again, the same fear of hormones makes you think about the abolition of combined oral agents. It must be borne in mind that the spiral is a foreign body in the uterine cavity that can cause inflammation. The tablets are more reliable and safer.

Best birth control pills

We have already said that it is impossible to determine the best pill for a particular woman. Every woman should opt for pills that are suitable only for her. Currently, there are already fifth generation drugs, and such side effects as obesity and infertility are a thing of the past. Modern contraceptives contain minimal doses of hormones and have virtually no side effects. Let's try to give short descriptions of some drugs.

Jess

The Jess birth control pill is a new, practical solution to prevent unwanted pregnancies for young women. This drug contains small doses of estrogen - 20 mcg, and the progestogen drospirenone - 3 mg, which reduces the risk of vascular complications. The tablets are well tolerated, do not have a negative effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

This tool belongs to the fourth generation of contraceptive drugs.

It is recommended to use the drug for a long time. The package contains 28 tablets. The tablets are taken daily, preferably at the same time. They start taking Jess on the first day of menstrual bleeding, then they drink continuously.

Jess is a novelty in medicine. The popularity of the drug is growing. Jess provides reliable protection, controls the menstrual cycle, is used to treat the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, acne, and has a beneficial effect on hair and nails. At the same time, the weight of women using Jess remains stable. The adaptation period to the contraceptive is 1-2 months.

No wonder the drug Jess is called the contraceptive of the twenty-first century.

Novinet

The action of the new contraceptive Novinet is based on blocking ovulation and the production of luteinizing hormone. This allows you to delay the advancement of sperm into the uterus by increasing the viscosity of mucus in the cervical canal.

The drug has minimal side effects, does not cause pain during menstruation, does not affect a woman's weight gain.

When taking Novinet, nausea, rarely vomiting, partial hair loss, headaches may occur.

Novinet is taken 1 tablet daily for 21 days. Break - 7 days, on the eighth day start a new package.

Nursing women can start taking the drug three weeks after giving birth. It should be remembered that Novinet dramatically increases the amount of breast milk.

Reviews about Novinet are mostly positive.

Janine

Janine belongs to monophasic low-dose contraceptives. The contraceptive effect of the drug is due to a combination of three actions: inhibition of ovulation, an increase in the viscosity of the cervical secretion and changes in the endometrium in terms of excluding the introduction of sperm.

The active substances are dienogest and ethinylestradiol.

Janine is taken 1 tablet a day for three weeks. Then they take a break for a week, after which the course is repeated.

Reviews about Janine prove a truly pronounced contraceptive effect.

Regulon

Regulon is a combined oral contraceptive pill. The active substances are 0.03 mg ethinylestradiol and 0.15 mg desogestrel. Regulon acts similarly to the previous drug.

Regulon helps with menstrual disorders, uterine bleeding.

Reviews about Regulon
Women who have taken this drug note the quality of the drug and its reliability. Regulon is much milder than other drugs. It has often been recommended by doctors for use by adolescents and young girls. With prolonged use, it does not cause side effects, reliably protects against unwanted pregnancy and does not contribute to weight gain.

Women who used it for medicinal purposes speak positively about Regulon. The drug helps with uterine bleeding, profuse vaginal discharge, improves the quality and appearance of hair, nails and skin.

Yarina

Yarin's drug is also popular in Russia. It is an effective new generation oral contraceptive. The active ingredients are drospirenone and ethinylestradiol.

The drug is well tolerated and has minor side effects. During the intake, the woman's weight remains unchanged, there is no nausea and vomiting, a therapeutic effect is expressed - a decrease in premenstrual symptoms, symptoms of seborrhea, acne.

Women taking Yarina noted the high reliability of the drug, as well as improved mood, restoration of libido, and normalization of the menstrual cycle.

The minimum cost of a monthly drug intake in Russia ranges from 600 rubles.

Logest

Logest is a modern new generation contraceptive. It contains the minimum amount of hormones. In addition to the persistent contraceptive effect, it has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect on the course of female oncological diseases, which is the advantage of the drug.

The action of the drug is based on inhibition of ovulation, an increase in the viscosity of the secretion, which hinders the movement of sperm and prevents the implantation of an egg in the uterus.

Taking pills begins on the first day of the menstrual cycle. Take 1 tablet daily for 21 days. Then they take a week break, after which the course is repeated.

When the drug is discontinued, the body's ability to conceive is fully restored.

The price of the drug ranges from 330 to 450 rubles per package.

Claira

More recently, new contraceptive pills by Klayr have appeared in our country. Klaira is the first fifth generation contraceptive, the newest and highest quality contraceptive.

Klaira belongs to natural oral contraceptives. For the first time, ethinyl estradiol, as an active substance, was not included in the combined hormonal preparation for contraception. It has been successfully replaced by the milder and safer hormone estradiolavalerate, which is a naturally formulated hormone. This hormone is well studied, and is mainly used to treat the symptoms of menopause.

To enhance contraceptive functions, scientists added an active substance - dienogest to estradiol valeriate, which also solved the problem of intermenstrual bleeding.

The procedure for taking the drug has also been changed. It has a unique dynamic dosing regimen. Claira is a four-phase hormonal drug. The package contains two placebo tablets, that is, they lack the active ingredient, and 26 active tablets with different doses of the active substance. Doses of estrogen when taken are gradually reduced, and doses of gestagen are increased. This dosage regimen increases the effectiveness of the drug several times.

At the present stage of development of contraception, the Klayra drug is revolutionary, providing a high degree of protection and treatment of female diseases.

Despite a very large selection of contraceptive pills, the percentage of abortions remains high in our country. Women do not have sufficient information about the drugs, they experience panic about the use of hormonal drugs, not admitting the idea that safe and reliable contraceptives have appeared at the present stage. The new generation of contraceptive pills, which contain low doses of active substances, can help women plan pregnancy without risk of complications and abortion.

Before use, you must consult with a specialist.

When choosing means of preventing unwanted pregnancy, women are increasingly inclined to take hormonal contraceptives. And this is not surprising, since the principle of action of this kind of drugs laid the foundations of female physiology. Taking oral contraceptives, a woman readjusts the work of her hormonal system in such a way that it does not occur. Let's take a closer look at the new generation of contraceptives that are most commonly used to prevent pregnancy.

How are oral contraceptives classified?

Oral contraceptives of the new generation are usually divided into several groups, each of which is suitable for a certain category of women of reproductive age. That is why the selection of this kind of medications should be dealt with exclusively by the doctor who examined and assessed the state of the female body.

Today, the most popular are the so-called contraceptives containing hormones in a micro dose. The fact is that the use of such pills practically leaves no trace for the hormonal female system. They are also ideal for young women who are using this method of contraception for the first time. The following drugs are most popular among women:

• Logest;
• Mercilon;
• Novinet;
• Lindinet-20;
• Klayra;
• Yarina;
• Jess.

The next group of new generation hormonal contraceptives include the so-called low-dose drugs. These tablet medicines are the best option for those women who have not yet given birth and have regular intercourse. Among these drugs it is necessary to name:

• Belara;
• Silest;
• Marvelon;
• Minisiston;
• Femoden;
• Microginon.

Drugs with a medium-dose inclusion of a hormonal base include drugs such as:

• Diane-35;
• Chloe;
• Desmoulins;
• Triziston;
• Milvane.

They can be used in women who have given birth.

High-dose hormonal contraceptives, in addition to their main purpose, can also be used for therapeutic purposes in the treatment of gynecological disorders. Such drugs are recommended for women of mature age who have a constant sex life. Among these drugs, Ovidon, Non-Ovlon are usually used.

What should be considered when choosing a drug and using it?

The list of new generation oral hormonal contraceptives is very long, only some of the drugs that are used most often are listed above. However, such a wide variety of this group of medicines does not mean that a woman can independently choose from those offered in the pharmacy network those that her friend advised her or what she liked.

Such medications should be selected strictly individually. Self-use of oral contraceptives has been proven to have negative health effects feminine and become an obstacle to conception when a woman decides to give birth to a baby.

It should also be noted that long-term use of the same drug may affect the hormonal system of a woman. That is why doctors recommend to come for an examination and consultation at least in 3-4 months.

Considering all the above features of the use of new generation contraceptives, it is impossible to single out the best ones for the simple reason that each organism is individual, and this type of contraception is not suitable for some category of women in principle.

Thanks to modern medicine and pharmacology, there are many ways to help protect yourself without suppressing sensations, and at the same time, providing complete protection for the female body. Oral contraceptives have been gaining in popularity lately. What are the safest birth control pills and how to choose them?

Types of contraception

The issue of contraception today is very relevant, since the number of unwanted pregnancies is increasing every day. In our time, there are many different methods of protection, and they all differ significantly from each other. Main types:

• hormonal pills;
• suppositories;
• spirals;
• barrier means;
• natural ways.

It is the hormonal group of drugs that has recently been gaining more and more popularity, due to the ease of use and the result itself. If 10 years ago hormonal pills were not so safe, and their range left much to be desired, today pharmacology has made a significant step forward.

In the modern world, drugs for protection exist not only in the form of tablets, but also in the form:

• plasters;
• vaginal rings;
• injections;
• candles.

Oral contraceptives are most effective, with a protection rate of about 99%. Moreover, in addition to the function of protection, such drugs are often prescribed for therapeutic purposes. Recently, cases have become more frequent when they are prescribed to restore or normalize the menstrual cycle, to eliminate polycystic ovary disease and for the rebound effect.

Interesting fact:

Scientists have proven that such drugs are absolutely safe and harmless to the female body.

How the new generation of contraceptive pills differ from their predecessors:

• lower dosage of hormones while maintaining reliability and effectiveness;
• the use of new analogues of female sex hormones - etanyl estradiol and levonorgestrel;
• the use of new third generation progestogens - norgestimate, gestodene, desogestrel;
• a newer species has appeared called mini-pili, in which there is no gestagen, and the amount of hormones is at a minimum.

It should be noted that almost all modern contraceptive pills are combined. This means that they have two main components:

1. Synthetic estrogen.
2. The gestagenic component, which is usually available in the form of all kinds of progestogens.

However, this is not all. Based on the dosage of the main components available in the drug, they can be divided into the following groups:

• monophasic;
• two-phase;
• three-phase.

The new mini-pili contraceptive pills belong to the monophasic group, and are excellent not only for contraception before the first pregnancy, but also during lactation.

The principle of action of hormonal contraceptives

All combined oral contraceptives (COCs) contain sex hormones (estrogens and gestagens). The main principle of their action is to suppress the ovulation process, as a result, protection from unwanted pregnancy. How is ovulation suppressed?

First, the natural fluid that is secreted in the cervix becomes denser and affects the penetration of sperm. Due to the compaction and change of flora, it is quite difficult for spermatozoa to penetrate into the cervical canal, and sometimes they can even die when they enter the vagina. In this case, their penetration into the uterus is excluded. Secondly, due to the entry of new hormones into the female body, the production of natural ones is dulled, as a result of which the maturation of the egg does not occur.

In the process of protecting OK, the endometrium becomes much thinner. Because of this, even if the egg is somehow fertilized, it will not be able to attach. As a result, pregnancy does not occur.

Today, this method of protection is one of the most effective and safe.

Modern contraceptives have no side effects, which is another definite plus. Scientists have noticed that taking COCs improves the condition of the skin, disappears, hair becomes thicker, and the amount of hair loss is significantly reduced, and nails gain strength. Therefore, recently you can often hear that dermatologists prescribe such drugs to combat various dermatological problems.

Video "How to choose the right oral contraceptives?"

Information video with advice from an obstetrician-gynecologist on the selection of oral contraceptives.

Mini-drank - what is it and the main advantages of the drug

Today, some of the best birth control pills are mini pills. Their main advantage over various types of hormonal drugs is that the mini-pili contains only progestane. Nevertheless, the effect of taking this kind of funds is no less positive.

The principle of operation is also similar to that of KOC. To prevent unwanted pregnancy, mini-pills make the mucus from the cervix thicker, and the endometrium thinner, which prevents conception.

Despite the small amount of hormones contained in the drug, it is categorically not recommended to prescribe them yourself. As in the case of COCs, mini-pills can provoke hormonal disorders, unplanned bleeding, and various gynecological pathologies. Therefore, it is impossible to start taking this kind of drugs without a doctor's recommendation.

How to choose birth control pills?

In fact, the process of choosing oral contraceptives is quite simple and ideally should be done by the attending physician. However, in the modern world, women quite often do not find time for additional examinations and visits to a gynecologist, and prescribe contraceptive drugs for themselves.

In such cases, it is necessary to adhere to some important nuances when choosing a tool:

Most often, choosing a remedy on your own, preference is given to combined contraceptives, since they do an excellent job of protecting against unwanted conception, as well as treating gynecological diseases and disorders. It is COCs that are most often prescribed by dermatologists. It is the safest and most effective option on the pharmaceutical market.

With the existing contraindications, it is better to completely refuse to take OK. Contraindications include:

• diabetes;
• phlebeurysm;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• disturbed metabolism in the body;
• malignant formations;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• age over 40 years.

These are not all contraindications, a detailed list is in the instructions for each individual drug, before you start taking it, you must definitely read this list.

Non-hormonal contraceptive drugs

Since medicine does not stand still, today you can even find non-hormonal contraceptives. Unlike hormonal OCs, non-hormonal ones can be used immediately after childbirth, during breastfeeding, as well as for those women who have contraindications to taking COCs.

The main principle of their action is the destruction of spermatozoa entering the vagina, as well as thickening of the mucus secreted by the cervix, and the formation of a protective membrane.

Interesting fact:

Non-hormonal contraceptive drugs are based on spermicides, which also slow down the movement of sperm.

It is important that non-hormonal contraceptives are also a kind of protection for a woman from sexually transmitted infections. This is due to the available antibacterial, antiseptic and antimicrobial effects.

This method of protection belongs to the chemical barrier type, is a fairly convenient and safe option. These are reliable contraceptive pills that do not contribute to hormonal imbalance and are an excellent prevention against various sexually transmitted diseases. Even such more or less safe pharmaceutical products should be prescribed only by the attending physician.

Contraceptive creams and suppositories

Also, in addition to the form of tablets, there are non-hormonal suppositories and creams to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Unlike hormonal drugs, local remedies are less effective, but recently it is this form that is gaining special popularity.

Many pharmacological manufacturers offer the form of suppositories, ointments and creams, the composition of which contains nonoxynol or benzalkonium chloride. Benefits of topical non-hormonal birth control pills:

• ease of use;
• the effect of additional lubrication from candles and ointments, creams;
• only a small number of side effects;
• protecting women from infections;
• a wide range of products and the ability to use during breastfeeding, immediately after childbirth.

However, this form of funds also has its drawbacks:

• vaginal creams and suppositories can provoke a change in the microflora of the vagina;
• itching and burning, allergic reactions and rashes may occur;
• lower percentage of protection.

As a rule, local remedies are used immediately before sexual intercourse, about 10 minutes before. The action of candles and creams lasts no more than 4 hours.

Rules for taking hormonal OK

Any oral contraceptives must be taken, adhering to certain schemes and rules. Usually they are indicated in the instructions for the drug. If the rules are not followed, unplanned bleeding is possible, as well as the occurrence of an unwanted pregnancy, hormonal disruption.

Usually one package of the drug contains 21 tablets, this amount is calculated for one cycle. Basic rules for receiving OK:

1. It is necessary to start taking it on the first day of the menstrual cycle.
2. You need to take the pills at about the same time, preferably in the evening. In order not to forget, you can set a reminder on your phone.
3. It is necessary to take the tablets daily, without interruption, until the end of the tablets in the blister. After that, you need to take a break for 7 days, just at this time menstrual bleeding should begin.
4. After a 7-day break, you need to start a new package, regardless of whether your period is over or not.
5. If you suddenly forget to take a pill, then you need to restore the reception as soon as possible.
6. For the first two weeks, you must also use a barrier method of contraception (condoms).
7. If you have small bleeding in the middle of the cycle, do not stop taking the drug. In case of severe bleeding, see a doctor.

Also, you can not stop taking OK in the middle of the cycle, since this is fraught with consequences such as a violation of the cycle, and so on.

Are OK harmful?

With the correct selection of OK, drugs are absolutely safe for a woman. However, with the wrong selection, various side effects can occur, such as excess weight, hair loss, and more. It is also worth paying attention to contraindications, in which case you can be completely confident in the safety of the product. With diabetes mellitus, diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as with liver and kidney problems, it is worth refusing to take COCs.

You should not give preference to this method of protection and with an existing bad habit - smoking, since OK have a significant load on the heart.

Interesting fact:

With regular use of OC, sexual activity may decrease. This is due to a decrease in testosterone production.

Birth control pills - which ones are better?

There is a certain rating of the most popular oral contraceptives, which are most often prescribed by gynecologists both for therapeutic purposes and for contraception. Each drug contains different hormones, the dosage of which is also different.

Jess is a great option for reproductive age

Jess are the best new generation oral contraceptives, perfect for women of reproductive years. It is often prescribed by gynecologists to normalize the menstrual cycle, combat polycystic ovary disease and hormonal disruptions. As a pleasant supplement, it can be used to combat acne and other skin problems.

Jess contains estrogens and gestagens that block the ovulation process. This affects pain during menstruation and PMS. Reduces anemia and discomfort, shortens the duration of menstruation, and is prescribed for severe PMS symptoms.

The main advantage over other drugs is the low concentration of active ingredients.

Jess plus - improved version

Jess plus is a more advanced version of Jess, which, in addition to the hormones responsible for the inhibition of ovulation, contains calcium leaomefolate. It is a type of folate that is essential for women's health.

Despite the low concentration of hormones, Jess Plus gives up to 99% guarantees against unwanted conception. If pregnancy does occur, then thanks to the folic acid in the composition, the risks of disorders of the baby's nervous system are reduced. Can be taken from age 18 and up to menopause.

Yarina and Yarina plus are the most popular OK

The rating of contraceptive pills in the first positions includes a drug called Yarina. They help to stabilize the cycle, while having a minimum number of side effects and perfectly performing their direct function of protection.

Unlike many other COCs, Yarina does not cause weight gain; it fights well with acne, other rashes and dermatological problems. However, it has a small drawback - with prolonged use, you can notice the occurrence of frequent headaches.

Just like Jess, it has a more improved version - Yarina plus with folic acid in the composition. It is this drug that experts often give their preference to, since it is Yarina plus that is easily tolerated by most patients, does not cause unplanned bleeding and contributes to the rebound effect.

Novinet is a drug with a minimum number of side effects

The main action of Novinet is to block ovulation and the production of luteinizing hormone, which allows you to slow down the movement of sperm. The tablets do not cause pain and discomfort during menstruation, differ in the minimum number of side effects.

Nausea, sometimes vomiting, was most often seen during administration. Hair loss and migraines are partly possible. A feature and indisputable advantage can be considered the ability to take Novinet already 3 weeks after childbirth. However, do not forget that this is still a hormonal agent and it can provoke an increase in milk secretion during breastfeeding.

Janine - monophasic low-dose agent

Thanks to the main three actions, the effect of contraception is provided: suppression of ovulation, an increase in the viscosity of secretions from the cervical canal, and a decrease in the thickness of the endometrium. The drug can be classified as a monophasic low-dose oral contraceptive. Most of the reviews about Janine are positive.

Regulon - KOK, analogue of Janine

Quite often, Regulon is prescribed by gynecologists to normalize the cycle, as well as to eliminate unplanned uterine bleeding. It is an analogue of Zhanin, the composition is similar, as are the actions. Many women who use Regulon note its quality and emphasize reliability.

Often, gynecologists prescribe Regulon to young girls, even adolescents. Does not cause side effects even with prolonged use. There are many positive reviews on the therapeutic properties of Regulon on the Internet.

Logest - the minimum content of hormones

These are the best new generation contraceptives with a minimum content of hormones. In addition to the main contraceptive function, it has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect on female oncological diseases. After its cancellation, reproductive functions are immediately restored. This allows it as soon as possible.

Claira - natural OK

Klaira is the first OK of the fifth generation. Thanks to the main active ingredient - estradiolavalerate, it fights perfectly with the symptoms of menopause.

The main difference is the change in the order of administration, thanks to the unique dynamic dosing regimen. This is a four-phase hormonal preparation, which contains:

• 2 placebo tablets without active ingredient;
• 26 tablets with an active ingredient and action, where the dosage of the substance is different.

During the intake, the dosage of estrogen gradually decreases, but the dosage of the gestagen, on the contrary, increases. Thanks to this, the effect of the reception is significantly increased. Today Klayra is a revolutionary drug with a high degree of protection and the ability to treat female diseases.

Popular questions about birth control pills

Even the best contraceptive pills have their own characteristics of use, so quite often women who take them have a lot of questions about the effect of the drug on their body.

How long can you take OK?

Previously, hormonal contraceptives were powerful enough drugs that could seriously harm the female body. In this regard, most of them could not be applied on a permanent basis. Today, OKs have been invented with a minimum of side effects that can be taken for a long time.

However, it is still not worth taking birth control regularly. Periodically, you need to take breaks and change the drug taken. However, in the absence of side effects, OC can be used for quite a long time under medical supervision.

Can I get pregnant after stopping contraceptives?

According to gynecologists, it can happen much faster. Even if previously it was not possible to conceive a child before. After cancellation, the likelihood of pregnancy increases significantly several times. Sometimes doctors use the so-called rebound effect to treat infertility.

Can I get pregnant while taking OK?

Despite the fact that COCs are a fairly reliable method of contraception, pregnancy while taking them is not excluded. However, this happens quite rarely. Another thing is due to a violation of the reception scheme. If the interval between taking the tablets was more than 24 hours, then the effect of protection is significantly reduced.

The main function of OK also decreases due to the intake of other drugs - antibiotics, various herbal infusions, and so on. Doctors recommend protecting yourself with a barrier method for the first 2 weeks from the moment you start taking the drug.

OK or spiral - which one to choose?

Many women believe that an intrauterine device is a safer method of contraception. Moreover, it is safer both in terms of unwanted pregnancy and in terms of the effect on the female body. However, according to gynecologists, this is far from the case.

All the same, it is worth remembering that the intrauterine device is a foreign body in the uterine cavity, which can provoke inflammation. Pills are a safer and more reliable option. In the event of an unplanned pregnancy, pills are also the best option, since they do not pose any threat to the fetus, unlike an intrauterine device.