Heating boiler piping diagram. Heating boiler piping: diagram and elements. Open system with natural circulation

What is it - heating boiler piping? Simply put, this is all the equipment that is necessary to ensure the normal operation of the heating unit and transport the heated coolant from the heat exchanger to the radiators. Moreover, the piping scheme may vary depending on the type of heating boiler, its location, as well as the presence of additional equipment.

It should be remembered that there are no ready-made solutions that optimally meet the requirements of each room or building.

Which pipes are better for piping a boiler room

Each material has its own characteristics that affect its performance. When choosing pipes for piping a boiler room, it is necessary to pay attention to the thermal insulation properties, the difficulties associated with installation, as well as the cost. The most popular are the following solutions:

Boiler piping with polypropylene

Polypropylene pipes are almost ideal material for strapping, but not without their drawbacks. The benefits include:

Easy installation, assembly of the polypropylene strapping is carried out using a special soldering iron. As a result, all work on the wiring of the heating system of the house, the installation of additional equipment is carried out in a period from one day to a week.
Heat resistance - polypropylene pipes for heating piping are reinforced with fiberglass reinforcement. Fiberglass in PPT creates a frame that resists expansion when heated. The thermal conductivity of polypropylene is quite low, so the heat loss along the boiler-radiator route is practically minimal.
The rate of circulation of the coolant - the piping of the boiler room with polypropylene has another plus. The core of the pipeline is resistant to the formation of salt deposits. The speed of the coolant remains the same throughout the life of the product. The declared service life is from 20 years, depending on the manufacturer.

Boiler piping with copper pipes

Installation of piping with copper pipes requires a certain professionalism from the master, and significant material costs from the customer. The use of copper pipes also has its advantages:

Good heat transfer of copper - the room is heated not only with the help of the radiators themselves, but also in the direction of movement of the coolant. Copper heats up well and does not require a lot of thermal energy for this.
Copper does not corrode. Over time, copper pipes can become coated with a thin layer of oxide. But this does not affect performance.
Copper strapping is not afraid of freezing. Copper piping of the boiler room eliminates the difficulties associated with the freezing of the coolant. Steel, like propylene pipes, in this case, simply breaks. Copper is more ductile, therefore it can withstand freezing loads without loss of integrity.

With all its advantages, copper strapping has several disadvantages, mainly related to the operation process - copper cannot be drowned into walls, and also needs reliable insulation. The effect of current on copper is destructive.

How to correctly make a strapping of a solid fuel boiler

The device TT equipment and the principle of its operation significantly affect the differences in connecting it to the heating system. It should be borne in mind that the simultaneous piping of an electric and solid fuel boiler also has its own nuances that can affect their performance and operation. What should be considered in this case?

Return temperature - this coefficient cannot be lower than 55 degrees or the so-called "dew point". In this case, a large amount of condensation occurs. It is for this reason that the correct piping of a floor-standing double-circuit wood-burning TT boiler with copper is better than using polypropylene pipes. Copper, which has better thermal conductivity, reduces condensation.
If necessary, several boilers can be connected into one network. This will require the use of additional equipment. If the installation and piping of heating of two solid fuel boilers on wood is carried out, a heat accumulator is needed. This scheme has long been used in the West. Its essence lies in the fact that all excess heat is accumulated in a special reservoir, with its device resembling a thermos. If the temperature of heating the coolant is insufficient, heat energy is drawn from the reservoir. All excess thermal energy goes to the heat accumulator. The piping of a boiler with a buffer tank (heat accumulator) implies the use of a thermo-mixing and blasting valve. Thermo-mixing unit prevents the coolant from overheating.
Subject to certain conditions, it is possible to use polypropylene pipes for piping a solid fuel boiler. But if we take into account that the coolant in such a system will be constantly heated to temperatures above 60 degrees, it becomes obvious that they must be reinforced and heat-resistant. Fiber optic pipes reinforced with an aluminum rod are ideal. On the other hand, the circuit for tying a solid fuel heating boiler with polypropylene pipes does not require, as in the case of copper, the mandatory use of grounding and electrical insulation.

The installation of a heat accumulator will require additional costs, but as a result of the investment, they will be able to pay off in the near future by saving money on excessive consumption of fuel and the operation of heating equipment.

How to properly make piping of a gas boiler

If we talk about the gas boiler connection diagram, it is worth noting that ready-made solutions in this case simply do not exist. The piping scheme for a gas boiler depends on how the water heating equipment will be used, how many separate heating systems will provide heat. In this case, the following recommendations should be taken into account:

The piping diagram of a floor-standing single-circuit gas heating boiler, volatile type, must include the mandatory installation of a bypass. The bypass controls that the circulation of the heating medium does not stop even after a power outage.

Boiler piping firewood-electricity

The piping of a heating boiler for solid fuel and electricity can be performed in a sequential and parallel way. The essence of installing two types of heating equipment at once is to ensure continuous heating of the coolant in the system. This is done as follows:

The TT boiler is installed as the main source of heating. Throughout the day, it provides normal heating of the coolant.
At night, after the firewood burns out, the electric boiler is automatically turned on, which continues to heat the liquid in the system until the main boiler is flooded.

There are several options for such a solution, but the main one is the use of an ejector. In this case, a prerequisite is to insert the boiler at a slight angle in order to prevent reverse circulation of the coolant. The piping of the pellet heating boiler is carried out in the same way. If necessary, the electric boiler turns on and continues to heat the room until the main heating source starts up.

How to properly make piping for a diesel boiler

The piping of a boiler room with a diesel boiler implies the installation of additional equipment that ensures stable circulation of the coolant and the operation of the heating system. It is mandatory to use the following nodes:

The piping of the fuel tank for a diesel boiler must take into account the installation of the fuel supply pump, as well as the storage tank itself.

It is possible to connect a diesel and solid fuel boiler to the same network. In this case, a sequential circuit is assembled. The main source of heating is TT equipment. When the intensity of heating of the coolant decreases, the diesel heater turns on. Since the latest model has all the necessary automation, if the correct settings are set, human intervention in the continuous heating process will be minimal. It is imperative to calculate the piping scheme for the TT of the diesel boiler and the heat accumulator.

Heating boiler piping equipment

The equipment that is used for piping any heating boiler must perform several important functions. Namely:

Provide normal conditions for the operation of heating equipment.
Protect against possible emergencies: overheating of the coolant, water hammer (arising from the temperature difference in the supply and return).
Maintaining the required pressure in the system.

To achieve these basic requirements, the following equipment is used:

- piping of a boiler with a buffer tank is a mandatory requirement for all TT boilers and desirable for gas equipment. At the same time, economical Europeans install a heat accumulator for another reason of significant benefits. The cost of heating a room with a tank is reduced by about 5-10%.
- in essence, this device is a conventional distribution mechanism. After the receipt of the heated coolant, it directs it in accordance with the settings, feeding the heating circuits. The same principle of operation is used in central heating systems. A distribution frame is provided for each entrance of a multi-storey building.
- this equipment can be put into a separate category due to its demand. Regardless of the configuration of the boiler itself, it may be necessary to install a circulation pump in the case of using a hydraulic arrow (you will need one device for each circuit), as well as when heating a room with a large area.

You may also need additional fittings for piping boilers: safety valves, expansion tanks, fuel pumps, pressure sensors, etc.

Boiler room piping accessories

In addition to purchasing special equipment, to ensure the operation of the boiler, consumables will be needed, with the help of which it will be piped.

Polypropylene pipes for piping installation. For work, it will also be necessary to purchase a certain number of corners, coarse filters, taps and other accessories. A complete calculation of the materials for soldering the strapping with polypropylene can be performed by the master, who will carry out the installation.
Insulation - in places where heating pipes pass through load-bearing walls, you will need to lay a merylon. This is a special insulation for pipes, which simultaneously performs the function of preventing unnecessary heat loss and protecting against mechanical stress. It will also be necessary to insulate the piping pipes if the expansion tank is taken out into the attic unheated room. Copper must be insulated without fail. There are special materials for it, Teploflex, Energoflex.
When laying in frame partitions, care must be taken to insulate the pipeline. Thermal insulation is especially necessary if copper or metal strapping is used. Metal pipes have good thermal conductivity and heat up significantly. For example, when the coolant is heated to 90 degrees, copper will show approximately the same temperature, and heat the wall, which can lead to certain problems.

Seeking help from specialists to draw up competent project documentation, including a piping scheme for heating water-heating equipment, will help to significantly increase its service life and heat transfer coefficient.

There are no ready-made solutions for boiler piping! The project is drawn up on site, taking into account the characteristics of the heated building and the heating system used.

We are planning to install a double-circuit gas boiler in the house. What are the schemes, how to choose? Does the scheme are affected by the fact that the gas boiler is turbocharged or chimney? What influences the choice of the scheme?

The connection diagram for all types of double-circuit boilers is the same, as for both the turbocharged and the chimney boiler, the location of the nozzles for connecting the boiler to heating, water supply and gas is the same.

Before starting the connection, it is imperative to mount a coarse filter. This will prevent debris from entering the boiler. A shut-off valve should be installed on the boiler return, which is necessary in order to eliminate the need for airing the coolant in the heating system. The crane must be mounted on a detachable connection so that it can be removed if necessary.

The choice of the scheme is influenced by the number of storeys of the house and the amount of area that needs to be heated. The simplest scheme is one-pipe or Leningrad, used for a one-story house.

This is how such a scheme looks like:

The numbers from 1 to 9 indicate ball valves installed in the cold (1) and hot (2) water supply system, on the supply (3) and return (4) heating pipes, for draining the coolant (5 and 6), on the heat supply return ( 8 and 9). The rest of the numbers indicate the squeegee (10), the magnetic filter (11) and the gas filter (12).

A more complex scheme is a two-pipe scheme, when the boiler will heat either the coolant or hot water, but in no case at the same time.It is used for two-story houses with a large number of rooms. From the boiler, heated water or coolant is directed to the supply pipeline, which should be located in the attic or to the risers that supply heat, and a jumper and a regulating throttle are installed on each radiator. It returns to the boiler through the lower pipeline, which serves to drain the coolant.

The wiring diagram also includes the installation of the boiler piping, which may be different depending on the type of boiler and the heating system. The harness is arranged with automatic circulation or natural.

What is the piping scheme for double-circuit boilers?

The connection diagram for all types of double-circuit boilers is the same, as for the turbocharged and chimney boilers, the location of the nozzles for connecting the boiler to heating and water supply systems ...

Scheme of piping a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler

The owners of country houses during the construction process must decide a very important question, how the premises will be heated. As a rule, private houses do not have the ability to connect to a central heating system, so you have to look for alternatives.

There are several ways to equip an autonomous heating system at home. The option with gas double-circuit boilers is popular. The blue fuel system has a number of advantages. It is reliable and affordable, since gas in our territories is not in short supply. With its help, you can equip such a grid that it will be warm not only in a small house, but also in a cottage.

Traditional piping scheme for a gas wall-mounted boiler

Most often, owners prefer double-circuit boilers. They are functional and reliable, they allow you to provide the house not only with heat, but also with hot water. There are many models of heating equipment on the market. The efficiency of the system depends not only on the device, but also on the quality of installation work. Before proceeding with the installation, you need to familiarize yourself with the device device, and also understand what the piping scheme for a double-circuit gas boiler is.

The device of a double-circuit boiler

Wall-mounted double-circuit boilers are very profitable and convenient. Their main advantage is their compact size. You can install the equipment in almost any room, for example, in a bathroom or kitchen. Of course, experts recommend entrusting the installation of heating devices to professionals, however, if you really want to, you can do it yourself, having previously familiarized yourself with the device, the principle of operation and the nuances of installing the boiler. And you also need to find out what is the piping scheme for a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler.

The wall-mounted boiler is like a small boiler room. It consists of the following elements:

two heat exchangers. One is responsible for heating the coolant in the heating system, the second for hot water supply. As a rule, they work in turn. To avoid the inconvenience arising in connection with this, you should buy devices with a double heat exchanger;

Wall mounted gas boiler device

The piping scheme is determined by the type of heat exchanger.

Strapping schemes

So, five pipes are adjacent to the double-circuit gas boiler. Fuel is transported one by one, water circulates through the rest. If everything is clear with the gas outlet, then you will have to tinker with the water channels.

one pipe is designed to connect the main coolant pipe with the return circuit of the heating system;
the second channel connects the same coolant from a different angle with the pipe of the supply circuit;
the third channel is used to connect the additional coolant pipe to the water pipe;
and the fourth pipe connects the channel supplying hot water to the tap with the second heat carrier.

Piping schemes for various gas boilers

The wiring diagram of the piping of a gas double-circuit wall-mounted boiler determines its principle of operation. In this case, it turns out as follows.

First, water is distributed from the main heat exchanger.
Then, through the three-way valve, the heating circuit is closed, and the coolant begins to flow into the additional heat exchanger. Hot water is being heated, heating is still in standby mode.
When the hot water tap closes, the system immediately switches to heating the coolant that circulates through the heating pipes.

Note! This scheme is not without its drawbacks. For a family of two or three members, such a boiler will be quite enough. If the family is large, this type of heating system will not be able to serve the house efficiently. In the process of operation, troubles will arise.

With boiler

If a boiler is still connected to the system, then the circuit will slightly differ from the general one. The number of pipes does not change. In this case, the heating circuit of the boiler is looped back with an additional heat exchanger. The water pipe connects directly to the boiler itself, without contacting the heat exchanger. From the boiler, hot water is transported to the tap. There is hot water, while the heating system did not stop functioning.

This scheme has undeniable advantages, among which are the following:

the clogging of the heat exchanger with sediment, which remains after heating the water from the water supply, is prevented;
when hot water is used, the heating system does not turn off.

Boiler piping diagram with a boiler

But the question may arise, why install an additional boiler, if the boiler is double-circuit and is obliged to provide the house with hot water. This may seem like a disadvantage. However, there are cases when such a decision cannot be dispensed with, for example, if the boiler is already installed, it copes well with heating the house, but there is not enough hot water for the family.

With electric boiler

Slightly different from the above option is the correct piping scheme for a double-circuit gas boiler, which functions together with an electric heating device. The main pipe of the additional heat exchanger is connected to the water supply, the second pipe is connected to the heating device. Mixers with an electric boiler are connected by means of pipes.

This scheme is quite beneficial in a number of cases. There is always hot water in the boiler, the temperature is maintained using a special heater. If you buy a device of sufficient volume, you will never face the problem of a shortage of hot water. You can save both on fuel and on electricity, since the water will enter the heater already warm. And there will be no interruptions in the operation of the heating system.

Important points

There are several ways to organize heating and hot water supply systems. A gas wall-mounted double-circuit boiler is one of the best options to increase the comfort of living in a country house. To avoid unforeseen situations during operation, you should take care of high-quality installation. When buying a device, pay attention to its power, whether it is enough to ensure the comfort of the family.

Note! Not only water, but also antifreeze can act as a coolant. If first one type was used, and then the injection of the second is envisaged, the pipeline should be thoroughly flushed beforehand. When antifreeze combines with water molecules, an explosion can occur.

If a high-quality double-circuit gas boiler is chosen to organize the heating system of the house, and the installation work is done correctly, you will not have to face such troubles as malfunctions of the heating system, leaks and leaks, lack of hot water or insufficiently high temperature in the premises. To prevent problems, entrust the installation of heating equipment to professionals, because it is not as easy as it might seem at first glance.

Scheme of piping a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler: installation

What can be the piping scheme for a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler? Advantages of circuits with boilers or electric heating devices. What do you need

Correct piping of a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler - device, diagram, connection

Correct, competent, high-quality organization of heating at home contributes to an even distribution of heat throughout the living area. The piping of a gas wall-mounted boiler with two circuits is a process during which the equipment is connected to hot water supply. Correctly executed piping fully ensures the supply of heat to the radiators and high-quality operation of the boiler.

Correct piping will have a much better effect on the operation of the boiler than buying expensive equipment.

Why is the boiler piping carried out?

The device of a double-circuit gas wall-mounted boiler involves mandatory piping.

The piping of a gas wall-mounted boiler is carried out in order to increase the life of the system, as well as to prevent the equipment from overheating.

Thanks to the strapping, the room quickly warms up to a comfortable temperature, which is maintained for the required time. The most relevant piping is for solid fuel gas boilers. Timely piping of a wall-mounted double-circuit solid fuel gas boiler can completely replace expensive gas heating.

The piping of a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler is a cost saving and a way to efficiently distribute heat energy.

Classic strapping schemes

The device of a double-circuit wall-mounted gas boiler necessarily involves its piping, which is a guarantee of the long-term use of the heating system.

In order to avoid sudden temperature changes, special attention must be paid to the regulation of the inlet and outlet temperatures.

At the very beginning, circulation is carried out along a small circuit until a certain temperature is reached.

When the desired temperature is reached, circulation is performed along a large circuit. It would be correct to create several circuits in order to ensure high-quality temperature control.

Circulation pump.
Distribution valve.
Expansion tank.
Filters.
Clamps, fasteners and other elements.

The piping of a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler can be carried out in several ways.

There are the following ways of connecting to the energy consumption system: DHW system, heating system and underfloor heating system.

The piping of a wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler can be carried out in a straight and mixing scheme.

Emergency piping scheme

The device of a wall-mounted gas boiler provides for an emergency boiler piping scheme. The emergency circuit ensures the full functioning of the heating system in emergency situations.

There are such types of emergency piping scheme:

The source of water supply to the heating system is the water supply system. A double-circuit wall-mounted gas heating boiler for such cases must have a hydraulic accumulator.
Gravity circulation for the boiler. After turning off the pump, a special circuit of small dimensions is turned on, the work of which is aimed at removing excess heat inside the heating system.
Powered by UPS. In order for the uninterruptible power supply to work at the right time, you must always monitor the charging of the batteries.
A double-circuit wall-mounted gas heating boiler for emergencies provides for a special circuit - an emergency. The emergency circuit is the part of the heating system that makes the forced and gravity circuit work at the same time.

Before connecting a wall-mounted gas boiler and for choosing the right piping scheme, you should study and take into account many factors, evaluate the material capabilities and design of the heating system in the building.

A double-circuit wall-mounted gas heating boiler provides for a more complex piping scheme than a single-circuit boiler, but such a system is much more efficient and practical.

Connecting a gas wall-mounted double-circuit boiler is a complex step-by-step process that requires technical skills and knowledge. But if you prepare for this process, then it is quite possible to connect the gas boiler and organize the piping of the boiler yourself. Which scheme is better to choose depends only on the design of the heating system and on personal wishes.

One of the optimal schemes is considered to be a strapping with natural circulation, since it is not difficult to do it yourself.

Heating boiler piping schemes for various types of circulation and circuits

When building an autonomous heating of a house, it is important to correctly think over and carry out the piping of gas, solid fuel and electric boilers. Let's look at the possible circuits and piping elements, talk about classic, emergency and specific circuits, as well as the main equipment of these circuits.

The basic principles of piping a boiler of any design are safety and efficiency, as well as the maximum resource of all elements of the heating system. Consider various options for organizing heating in order to make a balanced and most suitable decision for a particular case in individual construction.

Connecting the boiler to power supplies

If the boiler runs on gas fuel, then it is necessary to organize a gas supply to it. In the case of main gas supply, this must be done by a gas service employee. If the heating is from cylinders, you need to conclude a lease with Gaztekhnadzor, and entrust the installation to a company that has permission for this type of work. All work related to gas is potentially dangerous and this is not the time when it is worth saving and doing the work with your own hands.

1. Heating supply. 2. Hot water for domestic needs. 3. Gas. 4. Cold water to the DHW circuit. 5. Heating return

When using bottled gas, a reducer must be used that combines a group of cylinders

The electric boiler must be connected to the network. The boiler and the terminal box must be grounded, all connections are made with copper wiring with a cross section not less than that specified in the technical passport for the equipment.

A solid fuel boiler is always autonomous and requires only the connection of heating pipes and hot water supply. Electrical connections are only required by the automatic control units, if used.

Single and double-circuit boilers

Single-circuit boilers are primarily intended for heating. Only one circuit passes through them, including automation, piping and radiators. An indirect heating boiler can also be included in the circuit to supply hot water to the mixers of washstands, showers and bathtubs. The power of the boiler is selected with an appropriate power reserve. The expediency of such a connection in most cases is somewhat doubtful, since it disrupts the stability of the functioning of the heating system by a sudden selection of heat. The problem can be solved by equipping the circuit with a complex control system, which in some models may come with the boiler.

Single-circuit boiler with indirect heating boiler: 1. Boiler. 2. Boiler piping. 3. Radiator. 4. Boiler for indirect heating. 5. Cold water inlet

In a double-circuit boiler, hot water supply, along with heating, is included in the functions of the boiler and constitutes one of its two circulation circuits. More stable operation of both systems is achieved when boilers are equipped with two separate heat exchangers for two circuits. Feature of the system: no hot water storage tank.

Connecting a double-circuit boiler: 1. Boiler. 2. Heating boiler piping. 3. Heating circuit. 4. Cold water inlet

Boiler piping diagram with natural circulation

Natural circulation is based on the laws of physics - thermal expansion of the coolant and gravity, therefore the boiler piping does not include pressure equipment.

In order for the water in the circuit to make a continuous movement, several rules must be observed.

The boiler should be located at the lowest point of the house, preferably in the basement or in a specially equipped pit.

The pipeline from the top point to the heating radiators, and from them to the "return" must be made with a slope of at least 0.5 ° to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the system.

Natural circulation heating. H - the difference in the levels of the supply and return lines, determines the head in the heating circuit

The diameter of the heating distribution pipes must ensure a water velocity of at least 0.1 m / s and not higher than 0.25 m / s. Such values must be taken in advance and checked by calculation, based on the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet (gradient) and the difference in height along the axes of the boiler and radiators (at least 0.5 m).

Boiler gravity circuits can be of open and closed type. In the first case, an open-type expansion tank is installed at the highest point of the system (in the attic or roof), it also acts as an air vent.

The closed system is equipped with a membrane tank located at the same level as the boiler. Since a closed system does not have direct contact with the atmosphere, it must be equipped with a safety group (pressure gauge, safety valve and air vent). The group is positioned so that the air valve is at the highest point of the circuit.

Natural circulation systems are power independent and are most common where power grids are unavailable or unreliable.

Boiler piping diagram with forced circulation

The impetus for the movement of water in the contour with forced circulation is a circulation pump. The circuits can also be open (with an open-type expansion tank) and closed (with a membrane tank and a safety group).

The circulation pump is usually installed in the place where the water temperature has the lowest value - at its inlet to the boiler, and mounted on the same site. The choice of the pump is carried out on the basis of the heating calculation, showing the required flow rate of the heating medium, and the characteristics of the boiler. The regulation of the heating agent flow is carried out on the basis of the return water temperature according to the pulse from the sensor installed at the boiler inlet.

1. Boiler. 2. Security group. 3. Expansion tank. 4. Circulation pump. 5. Heating radiators

One- and two-pipe heating system

The one-pipe system is widespread in old apartment buildings. The water temperature from radiator to radiator constantly decreases, which leads to uneven heat supply to individual rooms. In a two-pipe system, the coolant is distributed evenly over all radiators, which has lost its temperature and enters the second pipe - the "return". Thus, the two-pipe system provides the house with heat more evenly.

1. One-pipe wiring diagram. 2. Two-pipe wiring diagram

Collector wiring diagram of the heating system

With a large number of heating radiators located on different floors, or when connecting a "warm floor", the best wiring diagram is collector. At least two collectors are installed in the boiler circuit: at the water supply - distributing, and at the "return" - collecting. The collector is a piece of pipe into which bends with valves are cut in order to be able to regulate individual groups.

Collector group

An example of connecting a heating circuit and a "warm floor" system using a collector group

The collector wiring is also called radial, since the pipes with rays can diverge in different directions throughout the house. Such a scheme in modern houses is one of the most common and is considered practical.

Primary-secondary rings

For boilers with a capacity of 50 kW or more, or a group of boilers that are designed for heating and hot water supply of large houses, the scheme of primary-secondary rings is used. The primary ring is made up of boilers - heat generators, the secondary rings - heat consumers. Moreover, consumers can be installed on the direct branch and be high-temperature, or on the reverse - and called low-temperature.

In order to avoid hydraulic imbalances in the system and to separate the circuits, a hydraulic separator (arrow) is installed between the primary and secondary circulation rings. It also protects the boiler heat exchanger from hydraulic shocks.

If the house is large, then a collector (comb) is arranged after the separator. For the system to work, you need to calculate the diameter of the arrow. The choice of the diameter is carried out on the basis of the maximum productivity (flow) of water and the flow rate (not higher than 0.2 m / s) or as a derivative of the boiler power, taking into account the temperature gradient (the recommended value of Δt is 10 ° C).

Calculation formulas:

G - maximum flow rate, m 3 / h;
w - water velocity through the cross section of the arrow, m / s.

Р - boiler power, kW;
w is the speed of water through the cross section of the arrow, m / s;
Δt - temperature gradient, ° С.

Emergency circuits

In forced circulation systems, the pumps depend on the power supply, which can be cut off. In order not to overheat the boiler, which can damage the equipment or even lead to depressurization, the boilers are supplied with emergency systems.

First option. An uninterruptible power supply or generator that will power the circulation pumps. In terms of efficiency, this method is one of the most optimal.

Second option. A small backup ring is being set up, working according to the gravitational principle. When the circulation pump is turned off, a circuit with natural circulation is included in the system, providing heat transfer from the coolant. The additional circuit cannot provide adequate heating.

The third option. During construction, two full-fledged circuits are laid, one works according to the gravitational principle, the second with the help of pumps. Systems should be able to exchange heat and mass for an emergency period.

Fourth way. If the water supply is centralized, then when the pumps are turned off, cold water is supplied to the heating circuits through a special pipe with a shut-off valve (a jumper between the water supply and heating systems).

Heating boiler piping schemes for various types of circulation and circuits

When building an autonomous heating of a house, it is important to correctly think over and carry out the piping of gas, solid fuel and electric boilers. Let's consider the possible schemes and elements of the strapping, let's talk about

The task of the heating system is to create a comfortable microclimate in the house. The competent organization of heating determines the uniform distribution of heat around the perimeter of the living area, and protects the elements of the operating unit from overheating. Boiler piping is the process of connecting equipment to hot water supply and distribution networks in accordance with operating standards.

Components of the boiler piping

The boiler is the core of the heating circuit and its type affects the choice of the piping scheme. The main rule for installing a floor-standing boiler is prohibiting its placement at the top of the piping layout a. If the norms are violated, the boiler, which does not have conditions for air extraction, will begin to create air locks. The pipe leaving the boiler without an air vent must have clear vertical position.

The branch pipes located at the bottom of the unit will "tell" about the presence of an automatic air vent required to connect to the heating network. They are foreseen in wall electric and gas models. This feature should be taken into account when piping the boiler, since wall-mounted monoblock models can cope independently with the release of air masses.

The boilers are sold both fully equipped and without additional elements. The necessary parts are purchased separately and included in the circuit. Those who have settled on the choice of heating with natural circulation, they will not come in handy.

Diaphragm tank and radiators

A paronite gasket is suitable. The use of tow, fum tape and rubber components is prohibited. They can catch fire, and the rubber will shorten the diametral passage of the pipe, which will disrupt the gas supply. Such a pipeline initially applying for a long service, is able to withstand pressures exceeding 25 bar and a coolant of 95 degrees.

Features of connecting solid fuel boilers

Boilers of this type do not have a function for regulating the heat supply. The combustion of fuel cannot be interrupted, therefore, in the event of a power outage, the pump, which is responsible for the forced movement of the coolant, will stop. However, heating will continue and the pressure will rise. Developing process will disable the entire system... To eliminate such moments, several types of emergency schemes are provided that allow you to dump excess heat. It:

Timely supply of cold water.
Connecting batteries to the pump.
The presence of a gravitational circuit.
Additional emergency circuit.

For solid fuel boilers, piping plays an important role - a high-quality connection will allow you to create a self-regulating system. Therefore, it is better to entrust the subtleties of installation to the skilled hands of specialists.

Gravity heating

It is necessary to pay attention to the principles of circulation of the coolant along the heating circuit. It - - natural movement coolant and a circuit with forced circulation. A distinctive feature of these species is the presence or absence of a knot forcing hot water to move.

In a system of natural circulation, movement in a closed system occurs under the influence of the laws of physics. The process is due to the indicators of the difference in water density. This type of heating eliminates the consumption of electricity.

Natural circulation system cannot be automatically adjusted, and this will require the presence of pipes with a large diameter, which will be reflected in the interior of the room and more cost. If the network is subject to periodic voltage drops, this kind of heating arrangement would be the best option. The system is reliable in operation and does not require attention. The natural movement pattern is suitable for a small area, although it is currently considered "the last century".

Advantages of the natural circulation system:

Ease of installation.
Independence from the supply of electricity.
Option budget.
Reliable function and operation.

Forced heating system

Forced circulation ensures the creation of the required pressure for and the account of the operation of electric pumps... The forced circulation circuit is comfortable, since it is automatically controlled under the condition of a stable power supply. It is permissible to select separate temperature parameters for each room, systems controlled by sensors.

disadvantages systems:

Complex strapping scheme.
Inevitable balancing of parts.
Expensive service.
The high cost of component parts.

Any of the installation systems requires a certain number of additional parts. The option of mounting on primary-secondary rings does not imply a large presence of fastening and connection elements, but instead of them, installation of pumps on heating rings will be required. The system consisting of rings, together with the floor-standing boiler, are complemented by combs- heating collectors , evenly distributing the supply of coolant to the heating elements.

Schematic diagram of the strapping

Heating efficiency depends on the accuracy of the connection. The general piping scheme for boilers of all types, including solid fuel and condensing types, is simple, and looks like this:

Radiator.
Nuts " American women»- for fixing the boiler to the heating system.
Ball Valves- to disconnect the boiler from the system.
Filters for cleaning - protect against non-standard fractions of water.
Thermal heads, tees, Mayevsky cranes
Elbows and tees.
Valves: straight through, separating, air and safety valves.
Expansion tanks.
Manometers, thermometers, hydraulic separators, circulation pump.
Clamps and other fastening parts.

Double-circuit boiler

Now let's consider the difference between the heating scheme of a country house using a double-circuit boiler.

A unit of this type differs from a single-circuit analogue in its universal purpose: it maintains the degree mode of the coolant in the heating circuit, and heats the water for household needs. Single-circuit generators can also indirectly heat water. The process of heat transfer from them occurs during the passage of the coolant through the secondary heat exchanger.

The difference between a double-circuit boiler is direct transfer of thermal energy to water... Its feature is that when hot water is consumed, the coolant does not heat up. Parallel operation of two circuits is excluded. Practice has shown that for houses with high-quality thermal insulation, and therefore with thermal inertia, the mode of operation of the boiler is not fundamental. And the heating scheme will be the same for any type of heating. Radiators and coolant provide long-term cooling. This result is due to the choice of radiators with large capacity and wide pipe diameter... A large volume of hot water can be obtained by combining a single-circuit design and a heating column. For houses with a large number of square meters. m. the operation of the boiler is of no fundamental importance, and the boiler heating schemes will be similar.

Connection features

Double-circuit boiler should not be designed in conjunction with a natural circulation system- after stopping the heating of the coolant, the movement will quickly stop. The reheating process takes a long time and the heat in the radiator is unevenly distributed. However, most models are equipped with circulation pumps.

Classic version piping of boilers with a two-pipe scheme looks like this. Hot water rises into a supply pipe that surrounds the house at the top. Then the coolant passes through the connected risers with heating devices, which do not completely open the riser. The radiators are equipped with a jumper and a choke required to regulate heat. Needed shut-off valve on the second line of the eyeliner. The air vent is attached to the top of the expansion tank circuit.

Through the bottom connection of the system, the coolant is returned back. The advantage of the circuit is the ability to work in natural circulation mode... The booster manifolds will be the pipe along which the coolant moves to the upper filling.

Typical connection errors

Safety valves

They are not used when the heating system is open. Valve purpose - protect the boiler from damage in the event of a sharp increase in pressure. Usually, the valve is forgotten or a model or safety group with different characteristics is installed.

During valve response, part of the water flows out of the system, which ensures pressure relief and protection. Do not insert the drain pipe into the drain, as the reason for the pressure drop will not be clear. You can get by with a funnel. By the way, there is no need to throw a septic tank into the coolant.

Air vent... The part must be installed immediately after the installation of the boiler in order to avoid "airing". Often they forget to just open it. This is also the case for wall-mounted versions with a factory function. By the way, the circulation pump is also ventilated.

The air vent should be straight up. In the event that it starts to leak, there is a shut-off valve in front of it, so replacing it with a new one will take a couple of minutes.

Circulation pump... The pump will work properly only when the axis is in a horizontal position, and this position will significantly extend the "life" of the bearings.

It is desirable to protect the mechanism from dirt and debris from the outside. Mesh filters sold separately

Radiators. Disadvantages when connecting a panel radiator to a coolant. The radiator project involves connecting the supply pipe to an internal pipe, located almost in the center, and to the extreme pipe in the return pipe. The reverse order of connection will halve the heat dissipation of the radiator. By the way, decorative screens disturb heat transfer by 10-20%.

Competent installation and accuracy of power calculations will help create maximum comfort for living in a country house at any time of the year.

Important! In the article, we consider the piping of a heating boiler as a job of connecting it to a finished heating system. And this means: batteries, pipes, floor heating circuits - everything has already been mounted, it remains to connect only the boiler. When studying the issue, you may be faced with the fact that the installation of all elements of the heating system is also included in the piping of the boiler. But this is wrong, since it is important to separate the heat generator (boiler) and the heat emitter (the battery that gives off heat). Everything between them is the harness.

The boiler piping solves three tasks:

Even distribution of heat throughout the system.
Protection of the boiler from overheating, which is fraught with equipment shutdown (the best option) or an explosion (the worst option).
Quality hot water supply, if the boiler.

By the type of installation complexity, the heating boiler piping can be divided into complex and simple (conditionally). A simple piping includes a minimum set of instruments, devices, units and is performed, as a rule, for expensive boilers, in which most of the protection elements and coolant distribution units are already built. The complex piping of the boiler (this is the very set of pipes in the photo) is performed in the case of installing the simplest boiler, which, in fact, plays the role of a gas burner.

Note: In general, it can be argued that the cost of the boiler and its piping is inversely proportional: the more expensive the boiler, the easier and cheaper its installation, the cheaper the boiler, the more expensive and more complex its piping scheme.

But, this statement does not apply to industrial facilities where increased safety standards are in effect and a complete piping scheme, sometimes duplicating the already built-in functions of a heating boiler, must be made in any case in order to comply with acceptance standards.

This material does not consider the piping of industrial boilers installed in large boiler houses that supply heat to individual microdistricts or enterprises.

Wall-mounted boiler and water heater piping

What to buy and why

Elements of the piping diagram of the heating boiler in the maximum configuration include:

Expansion tank.
Pump.
8 taps (two for the pump, supply, return, and one for the cold water supply and one for the hot water outlet).
Fittings (American nuts, couplings, corners, tees).
Mechanical filters (2 pieces) and a softener (1 at the inlet to the cold water boiler).
Gas valve and reducer (for gas boiler).
Relief valve (air vent).
Separate electrical input with automatic power cut-off (for any boilers in which there is an electrical part, as well as for pumps).
Measuring instruments.
Adapter from the boiler chimney to the brownie (except for gas turbocharged ones - they have a chimney included).
In some cases, blowing fans and smoke exhausters can be installed, if required by the project.

Depending on the boiler and the selected heating system, some elements may not be used.

Separately, it should be said about the choice of pipe material. Plastic pipes are easy to install and are used everywhere. But sometimes the conditions of the project require the use of steel pipes. Today this is due, in most cases, to the requirement of fire safety standards or the fulfillment of technical requirements to ensure the uninterrupted operation of heating. If they are, then it is necessary to clarify where and which pipes you can use according to the project. For example, part of the circuit in the boiler room can be made of metal in the boiler room itself, and in residential / office premises you can switch to plastic. Or make the entire piping metal, if it is heating the workshop, workshop and the project requires it.

Work order:

Boiler installation.
Plumbing work on connecting the boiler to the heating system consists of: connecting the supply and return with the installation of a filter on the latter, installing a filter and a softener for entering cold water (for filling the heating system), installing a hot water tap.
Installation and testing of the pump.
Fuel source connection (gas, electricity)
Installation of the air valve.
Expansion tank installation.
Installation of control devices (manometers, thermometers, thermocouples, pyrometers)
Simulation of situations for the operation of emergency shutdown systems.
Full check of the heating system operation with the installed boiler piping.
Acceptance of works.

Let's start tying the boiler

There are two heating schemes: gravity and forced. The first type is called gravitational, because it uses simple laws of physics: due to the difference in the density of the heated and spent coolant, movement along the contour is carried out. The coolant returns to the boiler under its own weight independently, without using a pump. The creation of a gravitational circuit is not only the basis of all foundations, but also the basis on which all the safety of the system is built. This rule should never be neglected.

Advantages:

Simplicity, which is the key to reliability.
Autonomy in work.
One of the cheapest strapping options.

Forced heating is when you insert a pump into your gravity circuit. They do this for a number of reasons:

they want to save on the boiler and fuel: the boiler is small, the system is large, therefore the pump provides pumping of the coolant to the very extreme point of the system, so that all of it gives off heat evenly to the room;
correct the operation of an incorrectly mounted heating system - the circuit is not gravitational.

The pump circuit is reliable and provides the consumer with comfort. But the lack of electricity makes it useless.

Connecting floor-standing boilers of a powerful heating system

Initially: the boiler is installed as low as possible to the highest point of the heating system (therefore, installation in a pit is required in private houses).

Note: The lower the boiler is in relation to the radiators and pipes, the better - the safer.

Simple piping for a solid fuel boiler

The coolant is always saturated with air. It is necessary to allow this air to accumulate and exit - for this, an expansion tank is made at the highest point of the system.

Today, many models have their own air vent (or explosive valve). In units without this element, the coolant supply pipe must go strictly vertically upwards - this will save you from airing the boiler.

Preparing the boiler piping for indoor finishing operations

If the supply and return pipes come out at the bottom or side of the boiler, then there is an air discharge system in the boiler. As a rule, it is found in all models of electric and gas boilers.

On the strapping diagrams (see. Photo) you can find a lot of squeegees, pipe bends, various built-in elements (redundant filters, taps, valves). The task of the master is to reduce their number to the required minimum: there should be fewer bends, and even fewer bends and tees. The principle is: the simpler the system, the more reliable it is.

Solid fuel boilers are easy to connect, but

The combustion process in these boilers is not regulated. Because of this, a number of emergency situations are possible that must be leveled. The most common is a power outage, due to which the pump may fail or stop. The solution is simple - creating additional emergency schemes, which include:

Gravity contour.
Cold water supply.
Redundant power supply for the pump.
Installation of a heat storage tank.
Additional emergency circuit.

By piping a heating boiler is meant the calculation of the parameters of the heating system and the installation of all units - pipes, fittings, radiators, etc. The exact piping of the heating boiler allows you to achieve maximum heat output in the house, high coherence and efficiency of the entire system, and minimum energy consumption.

Composing elements of the strapping

Which units and elements will be included in the set of components for the heating system depends on the type of heating system:

Heating with natural (gravitational) circulation of heated water (coolant) - people call such heating "physics";
Forced circulation - with the connection of an asynchronous circulation pump;
Mixed scheme.

In solving the scheme with natural water circulation, the set of piping elements will be as follows:

Heating boiler - after it, the heated coolant rushes up and moves through the pipes, returning to the boiler slightly cooled;
Heating piping - most often for the scheme with "gravity" metal pipes are used larger than plastic pipes, up to 2 inches in diameter. The diameter is selected based on the need to minimize the resistance of the coolant for its unhindered circulation;
Expansion tank - installed at the highest point of the system, and by design it can be open or closed;
Heating devices - radiators, batteries or registers;
Mayevsky's crane - installed on a heating radiator to bleed air;
Fittings - bends welded or threaded, twins, tees made of cast iron, brass, bronze, copper or stainless steel, tees, drainage and other types of connectors;

The advantage of the "physics" system: easy self-assembly, a simple scheme, the prevalence of parts and assemblies, the low cost of components.

Disadvantages: large sizes of components, inertness, insufficient heating of wiring and heating devices.

Piping for systems with different types of coolant circulation

For a scheme with forced movement of the coolant, the following components must be stocked:

Heating boiler of any type - wall-mounted or floor-standing. The difference for these models of heating units is in the presence of additional elements of fittings and protection when piping a wall-mounted boiler;
The pipes with which the heating boiler should be tied can be metal, metal-plastic or PVC;
Diaphragm expansion tank with a "pear" that allows you to keep the water pressure at the same level in all circuits;
Heating devices are the same as for the gravitational scheme, but metal ones are considered more economical due to the smaller volume of water in the devices. Such radiators or batteries heat up faster, and the energy consumption for heating is less;
Mayevsky's crane - mounted on all radiators. As a backup, an automatic type of Mayevsky valve can be installed at the boiler outlet - to release air from all circuits when a certain volume is accumulated;
Fitting;
The pump for organizing the circulation of the coolant is most often already installed in the boiler. In a circuit with a manifold, additional pumps can be installed;
Hydraulic arrow. This node, operating in a beam layout, balances the different circuits. The arrow equalizes the pressure in the system, and ensures an uninterrupted supply of coolant to each device;
The pressure gauge is designed to control the pressure in the system, and is built into the boiler or immediately after it - into the hot water supply pipe;
The coolant is supplied to the collector directly from the boiler, and it is intended for the distribution of heating circuits.

Advantages of a properly assembled forced system with manifold and hydraulic arrow:

Fast heating of the coolant in all heating devices;
Economical energy consumption for heating;
The compulsory strapping allows you to equip a warm floor in rooms due to its high efficiency.

Disadvantages:

The high cost of installation due to the large number of components and the availability of professional skills when handling complex devices;
The system is dependent on external energy sources.

The mixed piping of the heating boiler, the diagram of which is shown in the figure below, is implemented in two versions, but preferably from metal, not metal-plastic or PVC pipes. The circulation pump is installed in the system parallel to the main piping. Shut-off valves are installed on the approach to the pump so that it can be bypassed if necessary, and another shut-off valve is installed on the bypass pipe - it must be closed when the pump is running. When organizing autonomous heat exchange, a check valve is installed instead of this valve.

Piping scheme using PVC

PVC pipes (ecoplastic) for piping heating boilers are highly popular due to their low cost and versatility of characteristics when connected. With propylene pipes, you can make a piping scheme of any complexity, any geometry and with any bend angles. PVC pipes are connected with a special soldering iron and the same PVC fittings.

If the piping scheme permits, then it is advisable to use elbows with smooth transitions, which exclude pressure drops in narrow places inside the pipes due to the solder seam. Polypropylene pipes can operate at temperatures up to 95 0 С, and their service life is more than 50 years without preventive maintenance and repair.

How to choose the location of the boiler

The piping diagram of the heating unit operating with gravitational circulation of the coolant is optimally suited for floor-standing execution. But at the same time, the heating boiler must be installed in the lowest position relative to all wiring, since air must not accumulate in the boiler chambers. The presence of air in the jacket is a guaranteed burnout of the chamber walls. The boiler outlet pipe must be installed vertically so that the resulting air bubbles rise upwards into the expansion vessel or to the bleed valve.

Important! In a forced heating system, this condition of the verticality of the outlet pipe is not always met, therefore, a wall-mounted boiler can be installed both at the highest point of the system and at the lowest (for example, in the attic or in the basement).

When piping the boiler with an additional circuit for hot water supply (hot water supply), it is connected to the drinking water supply system. The heated water from the secondary circuit is used in everyday life. But a single-circuit boiler can also work as a source of hot water if a secondary heat exchanger is connected to it. Most often, an iron cylinder with a water supply pipe is equipped under it.

Strapping features

Solid fuel boilers have one feature - it cannot be turned off at any time, like an electric or gas heater.

Therefore, in such units, when installing the piping, one of the protection systems must be installed, operating according to the following principles:

Thermal fluid protection is based on the operation of a safety valve that opens if the circulation pump stops working. The valve is installed in the heat exchanger, and a cold pipeline is connected to it. When the pump is turned off, the valve opens, and cold water, when passing through the heat exchanger, takes heat to itself. The water heated in this way enters the sewage system, and this will continue until the fuel in the boiler burns out completely;
A UPS (uninterruptible power supply) that runs on battery power and powers the circulation pump. It is included in the UPS circuit when the external voltage is disconnected;
A small natural circuit circulates the coolant in a small circle without a pump, and therefore without connecting electricity;
An auxiliary natural circuit based on two fully functional heating circuits. In the event of an emergency, the heated coolant still enters the second circuit, heating the radiators and cooling.

Safety devices

These are units and elements installed in the basic configuration of all boilers.

The boiler must be equipped with a hot water discharge valve, which works autonomously and automatically. It looks like a valve with a nipple at the top;
A debris catcher that looks like a flask. The dirt trap is installed at the water inlet to the boiler;
A coarse water filter is also installed on the supply pipe.

Installation of piping

The boiler is installed first. If this is a solid fuel device, then it is installed on a concrete foundation. The chimney is brought up to a height that provides constant draft. The gas boiler must have an outlet in the wall for a gas discharge pipe and a return air supply;
The boiler is connected to the chimney with a pipe with two sleeves. Exhaust gases are discharged through the inner sleeve, air is supplied through the outer sleeve;
Ventilation in the form of a supply valve - its work regulates the air intake and the degree of combustion;
Distribution of heating pipes in rooms and rooms;
Connection of automation and expansion tanks;
Installation of the pump and temperature sensors;
Gas and electricity connection, if it is not a solid or liquid fuel boiler.

The installation of the piping does not tolerate savings and neglect of safety. For each house, it is necessary to develop a project tied to the architecture of the housing.