The image of the great poet of the East, Omar Khayyam, is covered with legends, and his biography is full of secrets and mysteries. The ancient East knew Omar Khayyam primarily as an outstanding scientist: mathematician, physicist, astronomer, philosopher. In the modern world, Omar Khayyam is better known as a poet, the creator of original philosophical and lyrical quatrains - wise, full of humor, slyness and insolence of the Rubai.
Rubai is one of the most complex genre forms of Tajik-Persian poetry. The volume of the rubai is four lines, three of which (rarely four) rhyme with each other. Khayyam is the consummate master of this genre. His rubyas amaze with the accuracy of observation and the depth of comprehension of the world and the human soul, the brightness of images and the grace of rhythm.
Living in the religious east, Omar Khayyam thinks about God, but resolutely rejects all church dogmas. His irony and freethinking were reflected in the rubye. He was supported by many poets of his time, but for fear of persecution for free-thinking and blasphemy, they also attributed their works to Khayyam.
Omar Khayyam is a humanist, for him man and his spiritual world are above all. He appreciates the pleasure and joy of life, pleasure from every minute. And his style of presentation made it possible to express what could not be said out loud in plain text.
The statements of Omar Khayyam, the great poet of the East and one of the most famous sages and philosophers, passed down from generation to generation, are filled with deep meaning, brightness of the image and grace of rhythm.
With Khayyam's inherent wit and sarcasticity, he created sayings that amaze with their humor and slyness.
They give strength in difficult times, help to cope with surging problems, distract from troubles, make you think and reason.
The plucked flower should be presented, the poem begun should be completed, and the beloved woman should be happy, otherwise you shouldn't have taken on something that you cannot afford.
______________________
Giving yourself doesn't mean selling.
And sleeping next to it doesn't mean sleeping.
Not to take revenge does not mean to forgive everything.
Not to be near - does not mean not to love!
Do not do evil - it will return like a boomerang, do not spit into the well - you will drink water, do not insult someone who is of lower rank, but suddenly you have to ask for something.
Do not betray your friends, you cannot replace them, and do not lose your loved ones - you won’t return them, don’t lie to yourself - with time you will check that you are betraying yourself with a lie.
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Isn't it funny to save a penny for a penny all the way,
If you can't buy eternal life anyway?
This life was given to you, my dear, for a while -
Try not to waste your time!
What God once measured out to us, friends, cannot be increased and cannot be reduced. We will try to spend the cash properly, Do not charge for someone else's, without asking for a loan.
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You will say this life is one moment.
Appreciate her, draw inspiration from her.
As you pass it, it will pass,
Do not forget: she is your creation.
The discouraged dies prematurely
You can seduce a man who has a wife, you can seduce a man who has a mistress, but you cannot seduce a man who has a beloved woman!
Love at the beginning is always affectionate.
In memories - always affectionate.
And you love - pain! And greedily for each other
We torment and torment - always.
In this unfaithful world, don't be a fool:
Do not try to rely on those around.
Take a look at your closest friend with a firm eye -
The friend may prove to be the worst enemy.
And with a friend and an enemy, you must be good!
Who is good by nature, in that you will not find malice.
If you offend a friend, you will make an enemy,
You embrace the enemy - you will find a friend.
Have fewer friends, do not expand their circle.
And remember: a friend who lives far away is better than close ones.
Cast a calm gaze on everyone sitting around.
In whom you saw the support, you will suddenly see the enemy.
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Don't make others angry and don't get angry yourself.
We are guests in this mortal world
And what is wrong, then you accept it.
Think with a cold head.
After all, everything in the world is natural:
The evil you radiated
He will certainly come back to you!
Be simpler to people. Do you want to be wiser -
Do not hurt with your wisdom.
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Only those who are worse than us think badly of us, and those who are better than us ... They just have no time for us
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Better to fall into poverty, starve or steal
Than the number of despicable dishes to get into.
Better to gnaw bones than to be seduced by sweets
At the table at the scoundrels who have power.
We change rivers, countries, cities.
Other doors.
New Years.
And we cannot get away from ourselves anywhere, and if we do, we can only get nowhere.
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You got out of rags to riches, but quickly becoming a prince ...
Do not forget, so as not to jinx it ..., the riches are not eternal - the dirt is eternal ...
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If the day has passed, do not remember about it,
Do not groan in fear before the coming day,
Do not grieve about the future and the past,
Know the price of today's happiness!
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If you can, do not worry about the running time,
Do not burden the soul with either the past or the future.
Spend your treasures while you are alive;
After all, all the same, in that world you will appear to be indigent.
Do not be afraid of the intrigues of the running time,
Our troubles are not eternal in the circle of existence.
Spend the moment given to us in fun,
Do not cry about the past, do not be afraid of the future.
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I have never been repelled by the poverty of a person, it is another matter if his soul and thoughts are poor.
Noble people, loving each other,
They see the grief of others, they forget themselves.
If you desire the honor and shine of mirrors, -
Do not envy others - and they will love you.
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Do not envy someone who is strong and rich.
Dawn is always followed by sunset.
With this life short, equal
Treat as given to you for a rental!
______________________
To blind your life from the smartest deeds
I didn’t think of it there, I didn’t manage it at all.
But Time - here we have a quick teacher!
As a slap on the head, you have grown a little wiser.
Omar Khayyam is a great Persian poet and philosopher who became famous all over the world for his wise sayings. At home, he is also known as a mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. In mathematical treatises, the scientist presented ways to solve complex equations. The range of his scientific achievements also includes the development of a new solar calendar.
Most of all, Omar Khayyam was glorified by his literary and philosophical activity. Omar Khayyam is the author of quatrain poems - rubai. They are written in Farsi. There is an opinion that initially the rubai was translated into English, and only then into other languages of the world, including Russian.
Probably, there is no such topic that Omar Khayyam would not devote his work to. He wrote about life, love, friends, happiness, destiny. In the poet's work there are also reflections on reincarnation, on the soul, on the role of money, in his poems (rubai), he even described wine, a jug and a potter he knew. Initially, the poet's work caused a lot of controversy, some considered him a free-thinker and a reveler, while others saw him as a deep thinker. To date, Omar Khayyam is recognized as the most talented author of the ruby, and his work undoubtedly deserves attention.
Isn't it funny to save a penny for a penny all the way,
If you can't buy eternal life anyway?
This life was given to you, my dear, for a while -
Try not to waste your time!
Life should be appreciated.
Be simpler to people. Do you want to be wiser -
Do not hurt with your wisdom.
Clever is not wise.
You will say this life is one moment.
Appreciate her, draw inspiration from her.
As you pass it, it will pass,
Do not forget: she is your creation.
Life is given alone, and it must be loved.
The discouraged person dies ahead of time.
As long as you believe in yourself - as long as you live.
To live life wisely, you need to know a lot,
Remember two important rules to start with:
You better starve than eat anything
And it is better to be alone than with just anyone.
In life, you need to understand, and not act out of inertia.
About love
The plucked flower should be presented, the poem begun should be completed, and the beloved woman should be happy, otherwise you shouldn't have taken on something that you cannot afford.
Not confident in my abilities, you better not take it.
Like the sun, love burns without burning.
Like a bird of heavenly paradise - love.
But not love yet - nightingale moans.
Do not moan, dying of love - love!
Love is like a flame that warms souls.
Know that the main source of being is love.
The meaning of life is in the one who loves.
In this world, love is the adornment of people,
To be devoid of love is to be without friends.
The one whose heart has not clung to the drink of love,
He's a donkey, though he doesn't wear donkey ears!
Not to love is not to live, but to exist.
In a loved one, even flaws are liked, and in an unloved, even virtues are annoying.
You can't find happiness with an unloved person.
You can seduce a man who has a wife, you can seduce a man who has a mistress, but you cannot seduce a man who has a beloved woman!
Being a wife and a beloved woman is not always the same thing.
About friendship
If you don't share with a friend in time -
All your fortune will go to the enemy.
For a friend, nothing can be spared.
Have fewer friends, do not expand their circle.
And remember: a close friend who lives far away is better.
The less common things are, the more trust.
A true friend is a person who will express to your eyes everything that he thinks about you, and will tell everyone that you are a wonderful person.
But in life, everything is quite the opposite.
If you offend a friend, you will make an enemy,
You embrace the enemy - you will find a friend.
The main thing is not to confuse.
The wittiest
If the vile medicine pours you, pour it out!
If a wise man will pour you poison - accept it!
You need to listen to the wise.
Better to gnaw bones than to be seduced by sweets
At the table at the scoundrels who have power.
Do not give in to temptation, power is a disgusting thing.
Those who did not seek the way are unlikely to be shown the way -
Knock and the doors to fate will open!
Who seeks will always find!
One will not understand what roses smell like ...
Another of the bitter herbs will extract honey ...
Give someone a trifle, they will remember forever ...
You will give your life to someone, but he will not understand ...
All people are different, there is no dispute here.
Omar Khayyam's creativity is filled with meanings. All the sayings of the great thinker and poet make you think and rethink life.
Omar Khayyam (1048-1123)
The full name of Omar Khayyam is Giyas ad-Din Abu-l-Fath Omar ibn Ibrahim Khayyam Nishapuri. The word "Khayyam" literally means "tent master", from the word "Khaima" - a tent, from the same word comes the Old Russian "khamovnik", that is. textile worker. Ibn Ibrahim means the son of Ibrahim. Thus, Khayyam's father was called Ibrahim and he came from a clan of artisans. It can be assumed that this man had sufficient funds and did not spare them to give his son an education corresponding to his brilliant abilities.
There is almost no information about Khayyam's young years. Al-Baykhaki wrote that Khayyam "was from Nishapur, both by birth and by ancestry. This is also indicated by the addition of Nishapuri (in Persian) or al-Naisaburi (in Arabic) to his name. Some sources indicate that young Khayyam also studied in Nishapur, others say that in his early youth he lived in Balkh. The name of a certain "head of scientists and researchers named Nasir al-milla wa-d-Din Sheikh Muhammad-i Mansur" is mentioned as a teacher. anyway, all sources agree that at the age of seventeen he achieved deep knowledge in all areas of philosophy, and indicate his remarkable natural abilities and memory.
At that time, Nishapur, located in the east of Iran, in the ancient cultural province of Khorasan, was a large city of the 11th century with a population of several hundred thousand people. Fenced in by a high wall with towers, it consisted of no less than fifty large streets and covered an area of about forty square kilometers. Lying on busy caravan routes, Nishapur was a fair city for many provinces of Iran and Central Asia and for neighboring countries. Nishapur, one of the main cultural centers of Iran, was famous for its libraries; since the 11th century, schools of the middle and higher type - madrasahs - functioned in the city.
In order to reconcile various sources, it can be assumed (and the probability of this is really high) that Khayyam began his education precisely in the Nishapur madrasah, which at that time had the fame of an aristocratic educational institution that trained high-ranking officials for public service, and then continued it in Balkh and Samarkand.
The end of the doctrine is probably the first experience of Khayyam's independent scientific work, dedicated to extracting the root of any positive integer n from a positive integer N. Khayyam's first treatise has not reached us, but there are references to its name - "Problems of arithmetic". It is pointed out that in this treatise Khayyam, on the basis of the earlier works of Indian mathematicians, in fact, proposed a method for solving the equations x ^ n = a (n is an integer), similar to the Ruffini-Horner method. In addition, the treatise, most likely, contained a rule for the expansion of the natural power of the binomial (a + b) ^ n, that is, the well-known Newton binomial formula for natural exponents. Of course, until the manuscript of Problems of Arithmetic has been found, its content can only be guessed at, relying primarily on the works of Khayyam's students and followers. Many of the above conclusions were made by researchers on the basis of the treatise of Nasir ad-Din at-Tusi "Collection of arithmetic with the help of a board and dust", in which the author sets out a number of new results, without pretending, at the same time, to discover them.
For some reason, possibly related to political events - the first years of the rule of the Seljuk sultans, Khayyam had to leave Khorasan. Further information about Khayyam comes from Maverannahr, ruled by the Karakhanids, whose capital was first Samarkand, and then Bukhara.
The first extant work of Khayyam is a small algebraic treatise, the manuscript of which is kept in the library of the University of Tehran. The manuscript has no title, but the author is indicated. It is not entirely clear where and when this work was written. He, in fact, precedes a more complete "correct" treatise on algebra - the next work of Khayyam.
It should be noted that at the time of Khayyam, a scientist, not being a wealthy person, could regularly engage in science only at the court of one ruler or another, occupying one of four positions: secretary (dabir), poet, astrologer or doctor. The fate of the scientist, in this case, largely depended on the mercy or disfavor of the ruler, his temper and whims, on court intrigues and palace coups. In this regard, the fate of Khayyam is largely determined by a series of successive patrons, on whom the scientist undoubtedly depended, whom he mentioned and thanked them in his works. Nizami Aruzi Samarkandi writes in the "Collection of rarities": "Dabir, a poet, an astrologer and a doctor, are the king's close people, and he cannot do without them. On Dabir - the fortress of government, on the poet - eternal glory, on the astrologer - a good arrangement of affairs , on the physician - bodily health. And these are four grave deeds and noble sciences from the branches of the science of philosophy: dabirism and poetry - from the branches of logic, astrology - a branch of mathematics and medicine - a branch of natural science. "
At the same time, it was generally accepted that it was precisely the scholarly courtiers that in many respects provide the ruler with the strength of power and its splendor. The rulers of the 11th century competed among themselves in the splendor of their retinue, enticed educated courtiers from each other, and the most powerful simply demanded that they be handed over to the court of famous scientists and poets.
Apparently, the first of the famous patrons of Khayyam was the chief judge of the city of Samarkand, Abu Tahir Abd ar-Rahman ibn Alak. In the introduction to his algebraic treatise, Khayyam talks about his disasters "I was deprived of the opportunity to systematically deal with this matter and could not even concentrate on thinking about it because of the vicissitudes of fate that interfered with me. a bunch of people.The severity of fate in these times prevents them from completely surrendering to the improvement and deepening of their science.Most of those who at present have the appearance of scientists dress the truth with lies, not going beyond the limits of forgery in science and pretending to be knowledgeable. which they possess, they use only for base carnal purposes. And if they meet a person who is distinguished by the fact that he seeks the truth and loves the truth, tries to reject lies and hypocrisy and abandon boasting and deceit, they make him an object of their contempt and ridicule. " , and further writes that he got the opportunity to write this book only thanks to the patronage of the "glorious and the incomparable lord, the judge of the judges of the imam lord Abu Tahir. His presence expanded my chest, his company raised my glory, my cause grew from his light, and my back was strengthened from his bounty and good deeds. As I approached his lofty residence, I felt obligated to make up for what I had lost through the vicissitudes of fate, and to summarize what I had learned to the core from philosophical questions. And I started by listing these kinds of algebraic sentences, since the mathematical sciences are most deserving of preference. "
Judging by this introduction, the main part of the algebraic treatise "On the proofs of problems in algebra and amukabala" was written in Samarkand around 1069.
After Abu Takhir, Khayyam enjoyed the patronage of the Bukhara Khakan Shams al-Muluk. Sources indicate that the ruler greatly exalted him and put Imam Omar with him on his throne. It is very likely that Abu Tahir presented to the court of Shams al-Muluk Khayyam. Note that the niece of Shams al-Muluk Turkan-Khatun, whose name we will meet later, was married to Mulik-Shah. Tabrizi tells about Khayyam's stay in Bukhara: “I also heard that when a scientist deigned to arrive in Bukhara, a few days after his arrival, he visited the grave of a very learned author of the“ Right Collection, ”may Allah sanctify his soul.
In 1074, shortly after Shams al-Muluk, after a long confrontation with the Seljuks, recognized himself as a vassal of the Sultan Malik Shah, Khayyam was invited to the capital of the huge Seljuk state of Isfahan to the court of Malik Shah to lead the reform of the Iranian solar calendar. The invitation was apparently made by the Seljuk vizier Nizam al-Mulk. Thus, a friend of Khayyam's youth, if you still believe the legend, despite the above-mentioned discrepancy in the age of Khayyam and the famous vizier. The year 1074 became a significant date in the life of Omar Khayyam: it began a twenty-year period of his especially fruitful scientific activity, brilliant in terms of the results achieved.
The city of Isfahan was at that time the capital of a powerful centralized Seljuk state, stretching from the Mediterranean in the west to the borders of China in the east, from the Main Caucasus Range in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south. Isfahan's battlement city wall with twelve wide iron gates, beautiful tall buildings, a majestic Friday mosque in the central square, whole quarters of lively bazaars, many caravanserais with warehouses and hotels for visitors, gurgling streams with beautiful water, a sense of spaciousness and abundance - all this aroused the admiration of travelers.
During the epoch of Sultan Malik Shah, Isfahan, located in a valley surrounded by mountain ranges, with the full-flowing river Zaenderud flowing through the city, expanded further and was adorned with elegant architectural structures. The magnificent gardens laid out in Isfahan during these years were sung by poets more than once in verse. Malik Shah gave his court an unprecedented splendor for Iranian dynasties. Medieval authors colorfully describe the luxury of palace decoration, lavish feasts and city festivities, royal amusements and hunts. At the court of Malik Shah there was a huge staff of courtiers: kravchis, squires, keepers of clothes, gatekeepers, guards and a large group of panegyric poets led by one of the largest odographers of the 11th century - Muizzi (1049 - d. Between 1123 and 1127).
According to most historians, the creative state activities and broad educational transformations that marked these decades - the period of the highest rise of the Seljuk state, were indebted not so much to the Sultan Malik Shah as to his vizier (in our opinion, the prime minister) Nizam al-Mulk (1018- -1092) - an outstanding political figure of the 11th century. Nizam al-Mulk, who patronized the development of science, opened educational and scientific academies in Isfahan, as well as in other major cities - Baghdad, Basra, Nishapur, Balkh, Merv, Herat; by the name of the vizier, they were universally called Nizamiyye. For the Isfahan Academy, Nizam al-Mulk erected a magnificent building near the Friday mosque itself and invited famous scholars from other cities to teach in Isfahan. Isfahan, famous for the most valuable collections of handwritten books, with strong cultural traditions (suffice it to mention that Abu Ali ibn Sina (980-1037) spent a significant part of his life in Isfahan, the genius Avicenna, who lectured in one of the Isfahan madrassas), becomes under Nizam al -Mulke an actively operating scientific center, with an influential group of scientists.
So, Omar Khayyam was invited by Sultan Malik Shah - at the insistence of Nizam al-Mulk - to build and manage the palace observatory. Gathering at his court "the best astronomers of the century", as the sources say, and allocating large sums of money to purchase the most advanced equipment, the Sultan set Omar Khayyam the task of developing a new calendar.
Historian Ibn al-Athir writes: "This year Nizam al-Mulk and Sultan Malik Shah gathered the best astronomers ... An observatory was built for Sultan Malik Shah, the best astronomers Omar ibn Ibrahim al-Khayyami, Abu -l-Muzaffar al-Isfazari, Maymun ibn Najib al-Wasiti and others. A lot of money went to the creation of the observatory. "
For five years, Omar Khayyam, together with a group of astronomers, conducted scientific observations at the observatory, and they developed a new calendar that was distinguished by a high degree of accuracy. This calendar, named after the sultan who ordered it "Malikshah chronology", was based on a thirty-three-year period, including eight leap years; leap years followed seven times after four years and once after five years. The calculation made it possible to reduce the time difference of the proposed year, compared to the tropical year, calculated at 365.2422 days, to nineteen seconds. Consequently, the calendar proposed by Omar Khayyam was seven seconds more accurate than the current Gregorian calendar (developed in the 16th century), where the annual error is twenty-six seconds. The Khayyam calendar reform with a thirty-three-year period is regarded by modern scientists as a remarkable discovery.
For reasons not entirely clear, the developed calendar was never implemented. Khayyam himself writes that "time did not allow the Sultan to finish this business, and the leap year remained unfinished." The meaning of this statement is not clear, since there are indications that the new calendar was almost ready by March 1079, and the Sultan continued to rule until 1092. Transferring modern experience to that long time, it can be assumed that scientists were deliberately not in a hurry to develop the final system of following leap years, seeking the continuation of funding for the project, and, meanwhile, continued to conduct astronomical observations and were engaged in other scientific research of interest to them. After all, the relationship between power and science has been and will be similar in all eras.
Omar Khayyam was a member of the closest retinue of Malik Shah, that is, among his nadims - advisers, confidants and companions, and, of course, practiced with the reigning person as an astrologer. Omar Khayyam's fame as an astrologer-soothsayer endowed with a special gift of clairvoyance was very great. Even before his appearance in Isfahan at the court of Malik Shah, they knew about Omar Khayyam as the highest authority among astrologers.
In 1077 Khayyam finished his wonderful mathematical work "Comments on the difficulties in the introduction of the book of Euclid". In 1080 Khayyam writes the philosophical Treatise on Being and Obligation, and soon another philosophical work - The Answer to Three Questions. Quatrains of a hedonic nature were also created by Omar Khayyam, according to the assumption of his biographers, in Isfahan, at the time of the heyday of his scientific creativity and well-being.
The twenty-year, relatively calm, period of Omar Khayyam's life at the court of Malik Shah ended at the end of 1092, when, under unclear circumstances, Sultan Malik Shah died; Nizam al-Mulk had been killed a month earlier. The death of these two patrons of Omar Khayyam was attributed to the Ismailis by medieval sources.
Isfahan - along with Ray - was at this time one of the main centers of Ismailism - a religious anti-feudal movement in Muslim countries. At the end of the 11th century, the Ismailis launched active terrorist activities against the dominant Turkic feudal nobility. Hasan al-Sabbah (1054-1124) - the leader and ideologist of the Ismaili movement in Iran, from a young age was closely associated with Isfahan. According to the already mentioned improbable legend, it was Sabbah who was the third of the young people who swore in their youth on blood in eternal friendship and mutual assistance (the first two are Khayyam and Nizam al-Mulk).
Sources attested the visit of Hasan al-Sabbah to Isfahan in May 1081. Mysterious and terrible are the stories about the life of Isfahan at this time, when the Ismailis (in Europe they were called assassins) launched their activities, with their tactics of hoaxes, disguises and reincarnations, luring victims, secret murders and cunning traps. So, Nizam al-Mulk, as the sources say, was stabbed to death by the Ismaili, who penetrated to him under the guise of a dervish - a wandering Muslim monk, and Malik Shah was secretly poisoned. In the early nineties, the Ismailis set fire to the Isfahan Friday mosque, and a fire destroyed the library at the mosque. After the death of Malik Shah, the Ismailis terrorized the Isfahan nobility. Fear of the secret murderers that flooded the city gave rise to suspicions, denunciations and reprisals.
The widow of Malik Shah Turkan-Khatun, relying on the Turkic guards ("gulyams"), achieved the proclamation of the youngest son of Mahmud, who was only 5 years old, as a sultan, and became the de facto ruler of the state. Omar Khayyam's position at court was shaken. Turkan-Khatun, who did not favor Nizam al-Mulka, did not feel trust in people close to him. Omar Khayyam continued to work at the observatory for some time, but he no longer received any support or the previous content. At the same time, he performed the duties of an astrologer and doctor under Turkan-Khatun.
The story about an episode connected with the complete collapse of the court career of Omar Khayyam became a textbook - some biographers attribute it to 1097. Here is how Al-Baykhaki describes this episode: “Once Imam Omar came to the great Sultan Sanjar, when he was a boy and had smallpox, and left him. Vizir Mujir ad-Daula asked him:“ How did you find him and how did you find him treated? "He replied," The boy inspires fear. "The Ethiopian servant understood this and reported to the Sultan. When the Sultan recovered, for this reason he harbored a grudge against Imam Omar and did not love him." This episode, apparently, refers to the first years of the reign of the eldest son of Malik Shah Barkyaruk, shortly after the younger, Mahmud, died of smallpox (about this time Barkyaruk himself was ill with smallpox, but recovered). As you can see, Sanjar suspected Khayyam of unscrupulous treatment or the "evil eye". It is possible that this was due to the fact that Khayyam participated in the treatment of Mahmud and Barkyaruk. One way or another, but Sanjar, who later became the sultan who ruled the Seljuk state from 1118 to 1157, harbored dislike for Omar Khayyam for the rest of his life.
After the death of Malik Shah, Isfahan soon lost its position as the royal residence and the main scientific center, the capital was again moved to Khorasan, to the city of Merv. Khayyam is making an attempt to interest the new rulers in subsidizing the observatory - he writes a book with an obvious "populist" character "Nauruz-name" about the history of the celebration of Nauruz, the solar calendar and various calendar reforms. The book is full of various implausible anecdotes, unscientific signs, moral teachings, legends and fictions. The immediate purpose of this book is seen in the chapter On the Customs of the Kings of Iran, where, as a good practice, the patronage of scholars is especially emphasized. Alas, the book did not help - the Isfahan Observatory fell into disrepair and was closed.
About the late period of the life of Omar Khayyam, as little is known as about his youth. Sources indicate that Omar Khayyam has been in Merv for some time.
Let us cite one episode presented by Nizami Aruzi, relating to this period of Khayyam's life and showing that Khayyam could make meteorological forecasts. "In the winter of 1114, in the city of Merv," Nizami Aruzi says in the chapter "On Science, About the Stars and the Astrologer's Knowledge in This Science", the Sultan sent a man to the great Khoja Sadr ad-din Muhammad ibn Muzaffar - may Allah have mercy on him! with the instruction: "Tell the Khoja Imam Omar, let him determine an opportune moment to go hunting, so that during these few days there will be no rain or snow. And Khoja Imam Omar communicated with Khoja and visited his house. Khoja sent a man, called him and told him about what had happened. Omar retired, spent two days on this business and identified an opportune moment. He himself went to the Sultan and, in accordance with this definition, set the Sultan on his horse. And when the sultan mounted his horse and rode a distance of one cock-crow, a cloud came, and the wind blew, and a snow whirlwind rose. Everyone laughed, and the Sultan was about to turn. Khoja Imam Omar said: "Let the Sultan calm the heart: the cloud will now disperse and during these five days there will be no moisture." The Sultan drove on, and the cloud dispersed, and during these five days there was no moisture, and no one saw a cloud. "
Khayyam's fame as an outstanding mathematician and astronomer was supplemented in these years by the seditious glory of a freethinker and apostate. Khayyam's philosophical views provoked malicious irritation among the adherents of Islam, and his relations with the higher clergy deteriorated sharply.
They took on such a dangerous character for Omar Khayyam that he was forced, in his middle years, to make a long and difficult journey of pilgrimage to Mecca. Al-Kifti in the "History of the Sages" reports: "When his contemporaries denigrated his faith and brought out the secrets that he was hiding, he reason of fear of God, and discovered the secrets of the secrets of the unclean.When he arrived in Baghdad, his associates in ancient science hurried to him, but he barred the door before them with the barrier of a repentant, not a companion in the feast.And he returned from his Hajj to his city , visiting in the morning and in the evening a place of worship and hiding his secrets, which will inevitably be revealed. He had no equal in astronomy and philosophy, in these areas he was brought into the proverb; oh, if he were given the ability to avoid disobedience to God! "
According to al-Baykhaki, at the end of his life Khayyam "had a bad character", "was stingy in writing books and teaching." The historian Shahrazuri reports that Khayyam's student Abu-l-Khatim Muzaffar al-Isfazari (apparently the son of one of the scientists who worked with Khayyam) "was friendly and affectionate to the students and listeners, in contrast to Khayyam."
At some point, Khayyam returns to Nishapur, where he lived until the last days of his life, only from time to time leaving him to visit Bukhara or Balkh. By that time he was apparently more than 70 years old. Perhaps Khayyam taught at the Nishapur madrasah, had a small circle of close students, occasionally received scientists and philosophers who were looking for a meeting with him, and participated in scientific disputes. Tabrizi's House of Joy reports that Khayyam "never had a penchant for family life and left no offspring. All that remains of him are quatrains and well-known works on philosophy in Arabic and Persian."
For a long time, the most likely date of the death of Omar Khayyam was 1123. There are several sources that have come down to us, partially contradicting each other. D Nizami Samarkandi tells about his visit to the grave of Khayyam four years after his death, from which it follows that the scientist died in 1131-32. On the other hand, in the manuscript of the writer Yar-Ahmed Tabrizi "House of Joy" there are two indications of a possible date of death. "His lifespan is" ab "solar years." Ab "are two illegible numbers, but the first of them looks like 7 or 8, and the second as 2 or 3. The second phrase, apparently referring to Khayyam: he died on "Thursday 12 Muharram 555 in a village of one of the volosts of the Firuzgond district near Astrabad." , then we have to admit the presence of errors in the first two sources.Another version of December 4, 1131 - does not contradict any of the documents, and it is this, apparently, should be considered the most probable date of death. An obelisk was erected on this grave in 1934 with funds collected by admirers of Khayyam's art in different countries.
DEATH OF THE SAGE 516 HIJRA
ON THE LUNAR CALENDAR.
Sit down at the grave of Khayyam and demand your goal,
Demand one moment of leisure from the grief of the world.
If you want to know the date of the construction of the obelisk,
Demand the secrets of the soul and faith at the grave of Khayyam.
The authors of the inscription believed that Khayyam died in 516 (1122-1123). It is quite possible that historians of the future will still puzzle over the date of the construction of the obelisk, which, in accordance with Eastern tradition, is indicated by the last line of the quatrain. The answer is this: if you replace each letter of the string with its numerical value in Arabic letter numbering and add these numbers, the total will be 1313, which corresponds to 1934 according to our calendar.
Poems about love and poems about love.
Rubai about love
It is better to drink and caress the cheerful beauties,
Than to seek salvation in fasting and prayers.
If a place in hell is for lovers and drunks
Who do you command to be admitted to paradise?
When violets pour out a scent
And the wind blows a spring breath,
Sage - who drinks wine with his beloved,
Breaking the chalice of repentance on a stone.
Dawn threw a sheaf of fire on the roof
And he threw the ball of the lord of the day into the goblet.
Take a sip of wine! Sounds in the rays of dawn
Call for love, drunken universe.
Alas, not many days have been given to us to be here,
To live them without love and without wine is a sin.
Do not think, this world is old or young:
If we are destined to leave, is it not all the same for us?
I am drunk and in love among the beautiful houris
And I give the blame a grateful bow.
Today I am free from the shackles of being
And blessed, as if invited to the highest palace.
Give me a jug of wine and a cup, oh my love,
Let's sit in the meadow with you and on the bank of the stream!
The sky is many beauties, from the beginning of life,
It turned, my friend, into cups and jugs - I know.
Love is a fatal misfortune, but misfortune is by the will of Allah.
Why do you condemn what is always - by the will of Allah.
There was a series of good and evil - by the will of Allah.
Why do we need the thunders and flames of the Judgment - by the will of Allah?
With the one whose camp is a cypress, and the mouth is like a lapp,
Go to the garden of love and fill your glass
While fate is inevitable, the wolf is insatiable,
This flesh, like a shirt, did not rip off you!
About grief, grief to the heart, where there is no burning passion.
Where there is no love of torment, where there are no dreams of happiness.
A day without love is lost: dimmer and grayer,
Than this day is barren, and there are no bad weather days.
Loving you, I bear all the reproaches
And it is not in vain that I give vows to eternal fidelity.
If I live forever, I'm ready until the day of judgment
Submissively endure heavy and cruel oppression.
Hurry, come full of charm
Dispel the sadness, breathe in the heat of the heart!
Pour a pitcher of wine while in the pitchers
Our ashes have not yet been transformed by the potter.
You, whom I have chosen, are the dearest to me.
The heart of an ardent heat, the light of the eyes for me.
Is there anything in life that is dearer than life?
You and my life are dearer to me.
I'm not afraid of reproaches, my pocket is not empty,
But still away the wine and the glass aside.
I always drank wine - I was looking for delight to my heart,
Why should I drink now when you are drunk!
Only your face is a sad heart.
Except for your face - I don't need anything.
I see my image in you, looking into your eyes,
I see you in myself, my joy.
Wounded by passion, tears tirelessly pour,
I pray to heal my poor heart
For instead of a drink of love, heaven
It filled my cup with the blood of my heart.
In the morning a rose opened a bud in the wind,
And the nightingale sang, in love with her charm.
Sit in the shade. These roses bloom for a long time
When our sorrowful ashes are buried.
In the morning my rose wakes up,
My rose blossoms in the wind.
Oh cruel sky! Barely blossomed -
As my rose is already crumbling.
Passion for the unfaithful struck me like a plague.
Not for me, my darling is going crazy!
Who, my heart, will heal us from passion,
If our medicine is suffering itself.
Repentance vows we have forgotten now
And the door was tightly closed for good glory.
We are beside ourselves; do not blame us for this:
We are drunk with the wine of love, not vines with wine, believe me!
***
Omar Khayyam Rubai about love
I found paradise here, for a cup of wine, I
Among the roses, near the sweet one, burning with love.
Why listen to talk about hell and heaven!
Who has seen hell? Who returned from paradise?
Reason gives praise to this bowl,
The lover kisses with her all night long.
And the mad potter has such a graceful bowl
Creates and hits the ground without pity!
Khayyam! What are you grieving about? Have fun!
You are feasting with a friend - be merry!
Nothingness awaits everyone. You could disappear
You also exist - be cheerful!
Do not grieve that your name will be forgotten.
Let the intoxicating drink comfort you.
Before your joints fall apart -
Comfort yourself with your beloved by caressing her.
If you want to touch a rose, do not be afraid to cut your hands,
If you want to drink, don't be afraid to fall ill with a hangover.
And love is beautiful, quivering and passionate
If you want - in vain to burn your heart, do not be afraid!
You are the queen in the game. I'm not happy myself.
My knight has become a pawn, but I can't take the move back ...
I press black rook to your white rook,
Two faces are now near ... But in the end what? Mat!
The life-giving spring is hidden in the bud of your lips,
Let someone else's cup never touch your lips ...
The jug that keeps the trail of them, I will drain to the bottom.
Wine can replace everything ... Everything except your lips!
Let me touch, beloved, thick strands,
This reality is dearer to me than any dreams ...
I can only compare your curls with a loving heart,
Their curls are so tender and so tremulous!
Kiss your foot, oh queen of fun,
Much sweeter than the lips of a half-asleep girl!
Day-day I indulge all your whims,
To merge with my beloved on a starry night.
Your lips gave the color to ruby,
You left - I'm in sorrow, and my heart is in blood.
Who hid in the ark like Noah from the flood,
He alone will not drown in the abyss of love.
Whose heart does not burn with passionate love for a dear, -
A dull age drags out without consolation.
Days without the joys of love
I consider it an unnecessary and hateful burden.
From end to end we keep the path to death;
We cannot turn from the edge of death.
Look, in the local caravanserai
Don't forget your love!
Who instilled a rose of tender love
To the cuts of the heart - did not live in vain!
And the one who listened to God with his heart,
And he who drank the hops of earthly delight!
Cheer up! ... Can't catch a stream captured?
But a fluent stream caresses!
Is there no constancy in women and in life?
But it is your turn!
Oh, if only, taking with you a sofa of poetry
Yes, in a jug of wine and putting bread in his pocket,
I spend a day with you among the ruins, -
Any sultan could envy me.
The branches do not tremble ... night ... I am lonely ...
A rose drops a petal in the darkness.
So - you left! And bitter intoxication
Flying delirium is dispelled and distant.
***
Omar Khayyam Rubai about love
Our world is a young rose alley,
A choir of nightingales, a transparent swarm of dragonflies.
And in the fall? Silence and stars
And the darkness of your loose hair ...
Who is ugly, who is handsome - does not know passion,
A madman in love agrees to go to hell.
Lovers don't care what to dress
What to lay on the ground, what to put under your head.
We are like a compass, together, on the grass:
One body has two heads,
We make a full circle, rotating on the rod,
To match head to head again.
The Sheikh shamed the harlot:
You sell your body to everyone who wants it! "
"I," said the harlot, "really am,
Are you who you say you are? "
The sky is the belt of my ruined life,
The tears of the fallen are the salty waves of the seas.
Paradise - blissful peace after passionate effort
Hellfire is just a reflection of extinguished passions.
Like the sun, it burns without burning, love,
Like a bird of heavenly paradise - love.
But still not love - nightingale moans,
Do not moan, dying of love - love!
Throw off the burden of self-interest, vanity is oppressed,
Evil entangled, break out of these snares.
Drink wine and comb your curls cute:
The day will pass imperceptibly - and life will flash by.
My advice: be drunk and always in love
Being dignified and important is not worth the trouble.
Not needed by the almighty Lord God
Neither your mustache, friend, nor my beard!
From the lilac cloud to the green of the plains
White jasmine crumbles all day.
Pouring a lily-like bowl
With a pure rosy flame, the finest of wines.
This intoxication is the best in life,
The singing of the gentle guria is best,
Free thought boiling is best
Oblivion is the best of all prohibitions.
Give me some wine! There is no room for empty words.
The kisses of my beloved are my bread and balm.
The lips of an ardent lover are wine-colored,
A riot of passion is like her hair.
Tomorrow, alas! - hidden from our eyes!
Hurry to use the hour flying into the abyss.
Drink, moon-faced! How often will the month be
Ascend to heaven without seeing us.
First of all, love is
In the song of youth, the first word is love.
Oh, ignorant in the world of love of a wretch,
Know that our whole life is based on love!
From the zenith of Saturn to the womb of the Earth
The secrets of the world have found their interpretation.
I unraveled all the loops near and far
Except for the simplest one - except for the light loop.
Those to whom life was given in full measure,
Intoxicated by the intoxication of love and wine.
Dropping the unfinished cup of delight,
Sleep side by side in the arms of eternal sleep.
If you are in the rays of hope - look for your heart, heart,
If you are in the company of a friend, look with your heart in his heart.
A temple and countless temples are less than a small heart,
Throw your Kaaba, look for your heart with your heart.
Curls sweet from the musk of the darker night,
And the ruby of her lips is more precious than stones ...
I once compared her camp to a cypress tree,
Now the cypress is proud to the roots!
Oh don't grow a tree of sorrow ...
Look for wisdom in your own beginning.
Caress the dear ones and love the wine!
After all, we were not married to life forever.
Drink wine, for bodily joy is in it.
Listen to chang, for heavenly sweetness is in it.
Trade your eternal sorrow for fun
For the goal, unknown to anyone, is in him.
Blooming garden, a friend and a bowl of wine -
This is my paradise. I don't want to find myself in something else.
Yes, no one has seen heavenly paradise!
So for now, let us be comforted in the earthly.
I would like to cool my soul to the unfaithful,
A new passion to take over.
I would like to, but tears blur my eyes,
Tears do not allow me to look at another.
Woe to a heart that is colder than ice
Does not burn with love, does not know about it.
And for the heart of a lover, a day spent
Without a beloved - the most lost of days!
The chatter is devoid of the magic of love,
Like cold coals, fire is devoid.
And real love burns hot
Sleep and rest, night and day is deprived.
Don't beg for love, hopelessly loving
Do not wander under the window of the unfaithful, grieving.
Like beggar dervishes, be independent -
Maybe then they will love you.
Where to go from fiery passions,
What hurt your soul?
When would I know that this torment is the source
In the hands of the one that is dearer to you all ...
I will share my secret secret with you,
In a nutshell, I will pour out my tenderness and sadness.
I dissolve in dust with love for you,
From the earth I will rise to you with love.
Not out of poverty, I forgot about wine,
Not out of fear, he sank to the bottom.
I drank wine to fill my heart with joy,
And now my heart is full of you.
They say: "There will be gurias, honey and wine -
We are destined to taste all the delights in paradise. "
Therefore, I am everywhere with my beloved and with a cup, -
After all, in the end we will come to the same anyway.
I stubbornly wondered over the book of life,
Suddenly, with heartache, the sage said to me:
"There is no more beautiful bliss - to forget yourself in the arms
Moon-faced beauty, whose lips seemed to bark. "
For love for you, let everyone condemn you around,
I have no time to argue with the ignorant, believe me.
Only husbands can be healed by a love drink
And he brings a cruel illness to the bigots.
"We must live, - we are told, - in fasting and in labor!"
"As you live, you will rise again!"
I'm inseparable with a friend and a glass of wine,
To wake up like that at the Last Judgment.
For those who die, Baghdad and Balkh are one;
Bitter, is the cup sweet - we will see the bottom in it.
The flawed month goes out - it will return young,
And we will never come back .... Be quiet and drink wine.
Sacrifice yourself for the sake of your beloved
Sacrifice what is most precious to you.
Never be cunning, giving love,
Sacrifice your life, be courageous, ruining your heart!
Rose said: "Oh, my appearance today
He speaks of my insanity, in fact.
Why do I come out of the bud in blood?
The path to freedom often lies through thorns! "
Passion for you tore the robe of roses
There is a breath of roses in your scent.
You are tender, glistening sweat on your silky skin
Like dew in a wonderful moment of opening roses!
You alone carried joy in my heart,
With grief your death has burned my heart.
Only with you could I endure all the sorrows of the world,
Without you - what is the world and worldly affairs to me?
You have chosen the path of love - you must walk firmly,
A glint of an eye flood everything along the way.
And having reached a high goal with patience,
So breathe in order to shake the worlds with a sigh!
Your moon will not wane within a month,
Decorating, stingy rock was generous to you.
This life and world, really, it's not difficult to leave,
But how difficult it is always to leave your doorstep!
Do not drive a horse on the road of love -
You will fall exhausted by the end of the day.
Do not curse the one who is tormented by love -
You cannot comprehend the heat of someone else's fire.
I went out into the garden in sorrow and am not happy in the morning,
The nightingale sang to Rose in a mysterious way:
"Show yourself from the bud, rejoice in the morning,
How many wonderful flowers this garden gave! "
My eyes are crying because of the chain of partings,
My heart cries from doubts and torments.
I cry mournfully and write these lines,
Even kalam cries, falling out of hands ...
Come, because peace of mind is you!
You've come! And not someone else - it's you!
And not for the sake of the soul - for the sake of our God
Let me be sure, touch it with your hand - it's you!
I will joyfully hug my beloved again
And from my memory I will remove the evil of my days.
Although a drunken man does not heed the words of the wise,
But I, of course, will understand these words!
It's not easy to fly into her curls with the wind,
And suffering in love is not easy.
They say that her face is inaccessible to the eyes -
It’s not easy to look drunk with an eye, of course!
Every moment, oh idol, don't be cutesy,
Do not be so constant in selfishness.
Walk evenly and do not frown more eyebrows,
For lovers, do not be an enemy incessantly!
Illuminated my soul friend's arrival,
Happiness smiled at me between many adversities.
Let the moon darken. And with an extinguished candle
Night with you for me is like the sun rising.
Only smoke came from the fire of your passion,
He brought little hope with him to his heart.
I tried diligently to meet you,
But since there was no happiness, my ardor is fruitless!
***
Omar Khayyam Rubai about love
There are no ones in the world who have not been slain by you,
Whoever loses his mind is not in the world.
And even though you have no attachment to anyone,
Whoever would not want your love is not in the world.
Translation: N. Tenigina
Soul speaks to me - in love with his face,
The sound of his speeches penetrated into the very heart.
Pearls of secrets fill my soul and heart,
But I can't say - my tongue is nailed!
I thought that your promises were true,
Your promises are full of constancy.
No, I did not know that, like the pillars of the universe -
Light of the eyes! - your promises are fragile!
The heart asked: "Teach at least once!"
I started with the alphabet: "Remember -" Az ".
And I hear: "Enough! Everything in the initial syllable,
And then - a fluent, eternal retelling. "
Passion cannot be friends with deep love,
If he can, then they will not be together for long.
Take in head a chicken with a falcon to rise next to you,
Even above the fence - alas - she cannot soar.
If it is given to the heart to suddenly control with love,
It’s easy to saddle the horse of a dream.
If there is no heart, love is homeless,
There is no love - so why beat your heart?
If you love, then endure separation steadfastly,
Suffer and do not sleep while waiting for the medicine!
Let the heart shrink like a rose in a bud,
Sacrifice your life. And sprinkle the path with blood!
The monks have ecstasy, everyone in the madrasah is noisy,
For love, a spiritual rite is not needed.
Whether he is a mufti, even though he is an expert in Sharia,
Where love rules the court - all dialects are silent!
We must drink some wine! Humanity is needed
Compassion pain burns like a flame!
It is necessary to study the Book of Love incessantly,
So that she taught to be dust before a friend!
Get up from sleep! The night is created for the mysteries of love,
For throwing at the house of the beloved is given!
Where there are doors, they lock at night,
Only the door for the lovers - it is open!
When Love called me into the world to life,
She immediately gave me lessons in love,
The magic key was chained from the heart of particles
And she led me to the treasures of the spirit.
You took your purple color from a tulip,
The lily of youth has given you the essence.
There was a rose, it looked like you -
Having transferred her life to you, she timidly left.
There are no heads where their secret does not ripen,
The heart lives by feeling, not melting anything.
Each tribe goes on its way ...
But love is a hurricane on the path of being!
What from passion for you did I taste while suffering?
Day and night I endured pain and misfortune,
My heart is in blood, and my soul has suffered,
And my eyes are wet, and I myself am exhausted.
You can conquer any beauties with gold,
So that the fruits of these meetings can be plucked and tasted.
And the crowned daffodil has already raised his head, -
Look! You can awaken from sleep with gold!
Who is born in the beauty of happiness to contemplate the face,
The world will flicker with many faces -
Decorates with sewing for a beauty dress
And he knows how to understand the inside out with his soul!
Greens, roses, wine are given to me by fate,
No, however, you are in this splendor of spring!
I can't find comfort in anything without you
Where you are, I don't need other gifts!
You, whose appearance is fresher than wheat fields,
You are a mihrab from the temple of paradise, a mile away!
At birth, your mother washed you with ambergris,
Mixing a drop of my blood into the scent!
From a wet rose you, having thrown off a bashful veil,
Brought me confusion in the form of gifts.
From a hair on your waist! Show me a face!
I am melted like wax and ready for suffering!
You seemed like you were friends with me at first
But then she suddenly decided to be at enmity with me,
I did not despair that fate turned away:
What if you will still be nice to me?
You are a mine, if you go in search of a ruby,
You are loved, since you live in the hope of a date.
Understand the essence of these words - both simple and wise:
Everything that you are looking for, you will certainly find in yourself!
We were in confidants at the cup of wine -
And in dating we needed a secret -
How they were afraid to dishonor themselves in their actions!
Disgraced now - rumor is not terrible!
Your face is a day, with him and curls in friendship always,
The rose is you, and in the thorns is the misfortune of separation.
Your curls are chain mail, your eyes are like spears,
In anger you are like fire, and in love you are like water!
Oh, idol! Why did you interrupt your friendship?
Where was your loyalty at that time?
I wanted to grab hold of your shalvars -
You tore my shirt of patience!
The light of the eyes, the inspiration of our hearts!
Our destiny is only the torment of our hearts!
From parting, my soul suddenly came to my lips,
The meeting is only - the healing of our hearts!
Let the whole world lie submissive to the shah,
Hell is bad, but heaven belongs to the righteous.
Rosary - to angels, freshness to transcendental bushes,
We are loved ones and their souls must be given.
The Creator created two Kaaba for our faith -
Being and hearts, this is the crown of faith.
Worship the Kaaba of Hearts while you can
More than a thousand Kaabs - and one of the hearts!
I have no hope for a date with you
There is no patience for a moment - what to do with yourself!
There is no courage in my heart to tell about grief ...
What a wondrous passion handed to me by fate!
The world of love cannot be found without torment,
The path of love cannot be diverted at will.
And until you become bent down from suffering,
It is impossible to convey its essence to consciousness!
Places where there is no wine in the thickets of purple
Where there is no beauty, that is gentle and slender, -
Avoid, even if there are paradises there, -
Here's a tip. And in these words there is one wisdom.
The breezes of springtime are good
The choirs are good in musical harmony,
The song of the birds and the stream by the mountain are good ...
But only with a sweetheart, all these gifts are good!
In this world, love is the adornment of people,
To be devoid of love is to be without friends.
The one whose heart has not clung to the drink of love,
That donkey, though it doesn't wear donkey ears!
Better to grab a curl of your beloved, caressing,
Better to drink sparkling wine with her,
Before fate grabs you by the belt -
Better to seize this fate yourself!
Paradise is promised to us with the gurias in the world.
And the bowls are full of purple wine.
Beauties and guilt run this world
Is it reasonable if we come to them anyway?
You overshadowed China's daughters with beauty,
Tender jasmine your face is more tender
Yesterday you looked at the Shah of Babylon
And she took everything: queen, rook, knights.
How full of love I am, how wonderful my sweet face,
How much I would say and how my tongue is!
Isn't it strange, Lord? I am languishing with thirst,
And then a living spring flows in front of me.
Sit down, lad! Don't tease me with your beauty!
I devour you with the fire of my eyes
You forbid ... Ah, I'm like the one who hears:
"You knock over the cup, but don't spill a drop!"
The harsh Ramadan ordered to say goodbye to the wine.
Where are the fun days? We only dream about them.
Alas, an undrinked jug stands in the basement,
And not one harlot left untouched.
My idol, the potter fashioned you like that,
That before you the moon is ashamed of its spell.
Let others decorate themselves for the holiday,
You - you have a gift to decorate a holiday.
How long will you reproach us, you nasty prude,
Because we are burning with faithful love to the tavern?
We are pleased with the wine and honey, and you
Entangled in beads and hypocritical lies.
When the tulip trembles under the morning dew,
And low, to the ground, the violet tends to the camp,
I admire the rose: how quietly it picks
Bud your floor, sweet drunk nap!
Whoever did not escape her spell, henceforth knows happiness,
Those who lay down like dust at their sweet feet drink happiness in their souls.
It will torment, will offend, but do not be offended:
Everything that one like the moon sends us is happiness!
I love wine, I catch a moment of fun.
I am neither a believer nor a heretic.
"The bride is life, any ransom?"
- "A spring beating from the heart".
Saki *! May I be honored with a lovely peri,
Let the bitterness of wine be replaced for me with the moisture of heaven.
Let Zukhra be a Changista, the interlocutor - Isa.
If the heart is not happy, then it is inappropriate to feast.
* Saki - the name of the Iranian-speaking nomadic tribes of the 1st millennium BC. NS.
On the roses, the glitter of New Year's dew is beautiful,
Beloved - the best creation of the Lord - is beautiful.
Should we regret the past, should we scold the sage?
Let's forget yesterday! After all, ours today is wonderful.
Omar Khayyam (1048-1131) is an eminent mathematician and astronomer. It was he who developed methods for solving quadratic and cubic equations, gave a definition of algebra as a science, and considered issues related to irrational numbers. In astronomy, he developed the solar calendar. That was more accurate than the Julian calendar and formed the basis of the Iranian calendar, which is still used in Iran and Afghanistan to this day.
This amazing person is revered in the East as a sage. He was born into a family of a merchant in the city of Nishapur (670 km east of Tehran). At the age of 16, he lost his parents. They died from the epidemic. The young man received the qualification of a doctor and left for Samarkand. In those days it was one of the largest scientific centers in the world. After several years, young Omar moved to Bukhara. He lived in this city for 10 years and wrote many serious works in mathematics.
Then a very fruitful 18-year period began for Khayyam. He was invited to the city of Isfahan (340 km south of Tehran). At that time it was the capital of the powerful Seljuk sultanate. The state was headed by Melik Shah. His chief vizier Nizam al-Mulk personally recommended to Vladyka to take a young and intelligent man into his entourage, and very soon Omar became the spiritual mentor of the formidable sultan and headed the palace observatory.
It was during these years that the main work in astronomy and mathematics fell. But, as follows from life practice, happiness and well-being rarely last long. In 1092, Melik Shah died. Nizam al-Mulk had been killed by the Ismailis a month earlier. The already middle-aged scientist was left without patrons.
The son of the late ruler Mahmud was proclaimed sultan. But the boy was only 5 years old, so his mother Turkan-Khatun concentrated all power in her hands. For her, astronomy and mathematics were empty words. Omar Khayyam was demoted to the position of an attending physician, and a paltry salary was paid for his work at the observatory.
In 1097, the scholar's service at the court ended. The capital was moved to the city of Merv, and the observatory in Khorasan lost its dominant importance. Soon it was closed, and the scientist was out of work. On the eve of his old age, he was kicked out into the street, without giving any retirement allowance.
Very little is known about the subsequent period of the life of the outstanding sage of the East. There is information that Omar became a freethinker. The servants of Islam even equated him with apostates. In order to somehow justify himself in their eyes, the elderly scientist made a pilgrimage to Mecca.
The last years of his life, the venerable elder lived in Nishapur. Only occasionally did he visit Balkha and Bukhara. He lived on the money that he earned by teaching in a madrasah. He met regularly with various philosophers and scientists. They themselves looked for meetings in order to enter into scientific disputes with him. The elder had several disciples. As for family life, Omar Khayyam never married and had no children. This amazing man devoted his entire life to science.
The great scientist died on December 4, 1131. He lived a long and interesting life, but was quickly forgotten by his descendants. They remembered him only in the 19th century, thanks to the English poet Edward Fitzgerald (1801-1883). He began to translate the quatrains, the so-called rubai, of the famous scientist.
In addition to mathematics and astronomy, he was fond of lyric poetry. One of its forms is rubai - quatrains. They are widespread in the East.
There was so much wisdom and humor in them that they instantly became very popular. In 1934, admirers of the outstanding scientist and poet erected an obelisk for him. They put it in Nishapur near the mosque in memory of the venerable Imam Mahruk. Below are the most famous and interesting quatrains. The translation from Persian was made by the Russian poet and translator German Borisovich Plisetskiy.
Monument to Omar Khayyam
Poems by Omar Khayyam
For many years I have pondered over earthly life,
There is no incomprehensible thing for me under the moon,
I know that I do not know anything, -
Here is the last secret I have comprehended.
I'm a schoolboy in this best of the best worlds
My work is hard: the teacher is too harsh!
Until gray hair, I go to life as an apprentice,
Still not enlisted as a master ...
He is too zealous, shouts: "It's me!"
In the wallet, a little gold strumming: "It's me!"
But barely has time to get things done -
Death knocks on the window to the braggart: "It's me!"
In the cradle - the baby, the deceased - in the coffin:
That's all that is known about our destiny.
Drink the cup to the bottom - and don't ask too much:
The master will not reveal the secret to the slave.
Do not mourn, mortal, yesterday's losses,
Do not measure today's affairs by tomorrow's yardstick,
Do not believe in the past or the coming minute,
Wen the current minute - be happy now!
Know, born in a shirt, favorite of fate:
Rotten pillars support your tent.
If the flesh of the soul, like a tent, is covered -
Beware, for the tent stakes are weak!
Those who believe blindly will not find the way.
Those who think are always oppressed by doubts.
I'm afraid that a voice will be heard one day:
“O ignoramuses! The road is not there and not here! "
Better to fall into poverty, starve or steal
Than the number of despicable dishes to get into.
Better to swallow bones than to be seduced by sweets
At the table at the scoundrels who have power.
It is not worthy to strive for any plate,
Like a greedy fly, risking itself.
Better let Khayyam not have a crumb,
Than the scoundrel will feed him for slaughter!
If the worker is in the sweat of his brow
Producing bread, did not acquire anything -
Why should he bow to nothing
Or even someone who is no worse than him?
The mortal did not gain victories over the sky.
Everyone in a row is devoured by a man-eating earth.
Are you still whole? And bragging about it?
Wait: you'll get the ants for lunch!
All that we see is only one appearance.
Far from the surface of the world to the bottom.
Consider the obvious in the world unimportant,
For the secret essence of things is not visible.
Even the brightest minds in the world
Couldn't disperse the surrounding darkness.
Told us a few bedtime stories -
And they went, wise ones, to sleep like we did.
He who follows reason milks the bull
Wisdom is now unprofitable for sure!
Nowadays it's more profitable to play the fool
For reason today is the price of garlic.
If you become a slave to base lust -
You will be empty in old age, like an abandoned house.
Look at yourself and think about
Who are you, where are you and - where then?
In this perishable universe on time
A man and a flower turn into dust.
If the ashes evaporated from under our feet -
A bloody stream would pour down from heaven to earth!
Life is a desert, on it we wander naked.
Mortal, full of pride, you're just ridiculous!
You find a reason for every step -
Meanwhile, he has long been predetermined in heaven.
Since your own death cannot be delayed,
Since the path is indicated to mortals from above,
Since eternal things cannot be dazzled from wax -
You shouldn't even cry about it, friends!
Having beheld the frailty of the world, wait a moment to grieve!
Believe it: it's not for nothing that the heart is pounding in the chest.
Do not grieve about the past: what has been has drifted away.
Do not grieve for the future: the fog is ahead ...
If you become a beggar dervish, you will reach heights.
If you tear your heart into blood, you will reach heights.
Away, empty dreams of great deeds!
Only having mastered yourself - you will reach heights.
If the guria passionately kisses the mouth,
If your interlocutor is wiser than Christ,
If a musician is more beautiful than the heavenly Zukhra -
Everything is not a joy, if your conscience is not clear!
We will leave without a trace - neither names nor accepts.
This world will stand for another thousand years.
We weren't here before - we won't be here after.
There is no harm or benefit from this.
If a mill, a bathhouse, a luxurious palace
Receives as a gift a fool and a scoundrel,
And the worthy goes into bondage because of the bread -
I don't care about your justice, Creator!
Is this really our insignificant lot:
To be slaves to your lusting bodies?
After all, not one of the living in the world
I could not satisfy my desires!
We got into this world like a sparrow.
We are full of anxiety, hope and sorrow.
Into this round cage with no doors
You and I didn’t come by our own will.
If all states, near and far,
The conquered will roll in the dust
You will not become, great lord, immortal.
Your lot is small: three arshins of land.
The Sheikh shamed the harlot: “You, dissolute, drink,
You sell your body to everyone who wants it! "
“I am,” said the harlot, “I really am.
Are you who you say you are? "
I did not come to the mosque for a righteous word,
Not trying to get into the basics, I came.
Last time I took off a prayer rug
It worn out to holes - I came for a new one!
Do not believe the inventions of those who do not drink quietly,
As if drunkards in hell await fire.
If a place in hell is for lovers and drunks
Paradise will be empty tomorrow!
In this world, there is a trap at every step.
I didn't live a day of my own free will.
They make decisions in heaven without me
And then they call me a rebel!
Nobility and meanness, courage and fear -
Everything is embedded in our bodies from birth.
We will be neither better nor worse to death -
We are what Allah created us!
The world is fraught with both good and evil:
Everything that builds is immediately scrapped.
Be fearless, live for the moment
Do not bother about the future, do not cry about the past.
Than for general happiness it is useless to suffer -
Better to give happiness to someone close.
Better to tie a friend to yourself with kindness,
Than to liberate humanity from fetters.
Drink with a worthy one who is not stupider than you
Or drink with your beloved moon-face.
Don't tell anyone how much you've drunk.
Drink wisely. Drink parsimoniously. Drink in moderation.
“Hell and heaven are in heaven,” say the bigots.
I, looking into myself, was convinced of the lie:
Hell and heaven are not circles in the palace of the universe,
Hell and heaven are two halves of the soul.
In this world, truth will not grow up.
Justice did not rule the world forever.
Do not think that you will change the course of life.
Don't hold on to a chopped branch, man.
In this world hostile don't be a fool:
Do not try to rely on those who are around
Look at your closest friend with a sober eye -
The friend may prove to be the worst enemy.
Do not envy someone who is strong and rich.
Dawn is always followed by sunset.
With this life, short, equal to a sigh,
Treat as given to you for a rental.
The one who believes in his own mind from his youth,
He became, in pursuit of the truth, dry and gloomy.
Claiming from childhood to the knowledge of life,
Without becoming a grape, it turned into raisins.
You put shame on me in front of everyone:
I am an atheist, I am a drunkard, almost a thief!
I am ready to agree with your words.
But are you worthy to pass judgment?
For the worthy - there are no worthy rewards,
I put my belly for a decent glad.
Do you want to know if hellish torments exist?
To live among the unworthy is real hell!
I asked the wisest: “What have you learned
From your manuscripts? " The wisest uttered:
"Happy is he who is in the arms of a tender beauty
At night, from the wisdom of the book is far! "
You, the Almighty, in my opinion, are greedy and old.
You strike slave after blow.
Paradise is a reward for sinless people for their obedience.
Would give me something, not as a reward, but as a gift!
The world is ruled by violence, anger and revenge.
What else is reliable on earth?
Where are the happy people in the embittered world?
If there is, it is easy to count them on the fingers.
Beware of being captivated by your beautiful friend!
Beauty and love are two sources of anguish
For this beautiful kingdom is eternal:
It strikes hearts - and leaves the hands.
Oh sage! If God gave you a rental
Musician, wine, stream and sunset -
Do not grow mad desires in your heart.
If all this is there, you are immensely rich!
You and I are prey, and the world is a trap.
The Eternal Hunter is poisoning us, driving us to the grave.
Himself to blame for everything that happens in the world,
And he accuses you and me of sins.
Oh sage! If this or that fool
Calls midnight darkness dawn
Pretend to be a fool and don't argue with fools
Everyone who is not a fool is a freethinker and an enemy!
Consider that you will change the course of the planets.
Consider that this light is not this light.
Hope you get what you want.
Consider so. But no - consider that not.