How to determine the last time of the verb? Answer to a given question you will receive from the submitted article. In addition, we will tell you about how the verb time is formed in English.

General information about verbs

Before talking about what is the last time of the verb, it should be found out that it is generally.

The verb is called part of speech, denoting the state or action of the subject, as well as answering questions "What to do?" Or "what to do?". It should be especially noted that they change in inclination are transitional and nevertheless, may refer to the perfect or imperfection.

The times of verbs in Russian

This part of speech can be placed in the following times:

• the present;
• future;
• past.

Last time verb

Part of speech, standing in shows that this or that action happened to the present. However, in the description of past situations or events in life, the present is very often used instead of the past time.

How to form a verb in the past time? Find out together

The last time of the verb in Russian is formed from the initial form (that is, the infinitive) with the help of adding suffix -l- (ran, wanted, spoke, helped, etc.). However, this rule has exceptions. Thus, the verbs, which are in an indefinite form, imperfect species and ending on, -th or sort, are transformed in the past time (in the only number of male genus) without the use of the aforementioned suffix (strik - string, etc.).

Are the verbs standing in the past time?

The last time of the verb makes it possible to change in numbers. In turn, the only number can easily be inclined by childbirth. It should also be noted that the verbs standing in the past time in the plural, do not change on persons.

Forms of verbs in the past time by meaning

The verbs standing in the past time can have a perfect and aoristical value (only perfect species). Consider them in more detail:

Glages, which last time, may have the following grammatical values \u200b\u200b(only imperfect):

• A unforeseen single concrete action that was committed until the moment of speech. For instance: Over the new year, the girls gadal.
• The action that is repeated all the time until the moment of speech. For instance: Annushka every time splashed with handles, and her eyes climbed away from delight.
• Action that constantly happens. For instance: The impassable forests stretched almost to the river itself.
• Generalized fact. For instance: Someone asked you.

Last time: English verbs

As mentioned above, the last time is called the form of the verb, indicating the ever perfect action. In English, this change in words is called "Past Tenses". It should also be noted that this time is different by duration and quality. In other words, there is a simple time in English, which is called "Past Simple", a long past time, called "Past Continuous", and past perfect - "Past Perfect". Consider each of the forms in more detail.

Past Simple.

This time expresses an absolutely any action that took place in the past. Past Simple is quite simple: if the word refers to an incorrect verb, then it is necessary to take it a second form from the table. In the event that the verb is correct, then it is added to it. If you need to put a question, you should use the ancillary word DID.

By the way, the pastime of the verb to Be has 2 routing options, namely Were and WAS. As a rule, WERE is used along with noucent names only in a plural, and WAS is in the only one. At the same time with the pronouncement of You (translated as you or you), it is necessary to apply only WERE.

Past Continuous.

This form differs from the previous one in this case, the action of the past is shown in the process. As a cheat sheet, it is recommended to remember that the verb presented will be imperfect. It should also be noted that for the formation of Past Continuous, only the knowledge of the following verb forms to Be: Were and WAS are needed.

Past Perfect or Perfect Long-term past time

To form such a time, you will need the perfect knowledge of all forms and correct). It should also be noted that for Past Perfect, it is necessary to have it. By the way, the next time is the following form: HAD.

It is impossible not to note the fact that Past Perfect includes such a time as Past Perfect Continuous, which has the following Russian meaning: Perfect long past time. To create it, you need to use to be, which should be put in the form of Past Perfect, that is, Had Been.

Let's summarize

Knowing the basics of the formation of verbs of the past time in Russian and English, you can not only correctly put speech during personal communication with foreigners or our compatriots, but also write a competent letter.

The verb is an expression of action. The category of time is the expression of how the action applies to the moment of speech. It is customary to allocate three forms of time. To determine the attitude of the verb to the present, future or past time, it is usually enough to ask a question. But there are forms of verbs that need to be analyzed deeper. We highlight some features - they will help distinguish between temporary shapes.

Present
This category is used to designate some action:

• what is happening at a specific point, i.e. moment of speech ( i am reading a book);
  
• performing regularly ( i read books);
  
• what is happening constantly ( i work the builder).
  

To such a verb suits the question "What does?".

Often the verb is in the present time in a figurative value, expressing the near future. we leaving tomorrow. It is interesting to use verbs of the present time in artistic texts telling about historical events that gives the narrative a special liveliness. Swede, Russian - cool, rubit, cuts.

The forms of verbs are in the present time are synthetic (consist of one word), the differences are determined by the change in the verb itself on persons and numbers. I run, you run, he (she, it) runs. We sit, you sit, they are sitting.

• Facts may be mentioned without specifying the duration of action. For this, the verbs of the imperfect species are served ("What did you do?"). I visited lectures.
  
• If it refers to the action ended with the moment of speech, or describes actions that replaced each other - this is the verb of the perfect species ("What did you do?"). I visited lectures, took room and went to the meeting.
  
• If the particle joins the verb, this is an indication of action that was not accomplished or those who were prevented in the past. I wanted to leave, but they were stable to stay.
  

The verb in the past time is formed on the basis of infinitive (uncertain form). For example, the infinitive has the basis of "Deal-". To get the form of the past time, to the base join:

• suffix -L- (delal - this is a form of a male genus having a zero ending);
  
• end is added for the feminine -and (did); for the middle kind - the end -about (delo); For multiple number - end -and , general for all kinders ( deli).
  

But the "suffix rule -l-" rule refers far from all the verbs of the past time. There are also verbs of other types:

• verbs, the foundations of which (in infinitive and in the present) end on z. and from (crawl - plenty, carry - carried);
  
• verbs with the end of the foundation on g and to (in the present time), with infinitive on - (shore - Berera - Coast, Bek - Oven - Pek);
  
• verbs, in the infinitive of which there is a combination - , and in the present time it is not ( terret - Tru - Ter);
  
• the verb to grow, which last time has a special form of Ros;
  
• verbs of the type of scrubbing, row, the foundation of which in the past time coincides with the basis of this ( scraper - scraper, row -);
  
• status verbs with suffix -Well- , in the past, not having this suffix ( disappear - disappeared, die - died).
  

There are special exclusive forms (without -Well- ), which denote any instant effect in the past. Girl jump through the threshold. Shit - No milk. He boulder in water. Compare: jumped, looked, bluled.

There are forms with the suddenness of the action, which at first glance do not belong to the past time. The fact is that such verbs in the form are identical to the verbs of the perfect species of the singular in the imperative inclination. He take Yes come At the most inappropriate time. Compare: i took yes came. Through such forms can be expressed as the action of the action that was not committed. Come You then before, you caught him at home. Compare: if you came earlier.

In artistic speech, molds may be found that are used to designate a recurring action that has occurred a long time and for some time. This is a long-lasting category. I often with them at the table syzizal. In life, this is not speed.

Future tense
This category serves to designate the action that will be performed after the moment of speech ( i will read the book, I will write poems). In an imperfect form ("What will I do?") The future time has an analytical, composite form - the verb "to be" plus an infinitive. Synthetic, simple form ("What will I do?") read It is formed only by word.

The verb in a simple time of time can express time without relationship to the moment of speech, acquiring the following values:

• continuously repeated action ( it will stop, it will not seem to);
  
• normal in the past action ( no, no yes looks out the window);
  
• sudden, rapid effect in the past ( he is like scattering).
  

As you can see, it is most often not difficult to determine the time of the verb, asking for it the relevant question, but there are more complex forms. To recognize them, you only need to analyze them on the subject of the specified features.

Glagol time category

Time is a word-only grammatical category of verb, which represents the process as already implemented, implemented or which will be carried out and expressing these values \u200b\u200bin the expressive ignition (in the morphological forms of the past, present and future time). The system of forms of expressive inclinations expresses opposition of matches of coincidence, precedence and follow the process with respect to the starting point of time. These values \u200b\u200bare represented respectively in the forms of the present, past and future time: i read, was reading, i will read.

The basis for determining the time of the process is based on an abstract grammatical point of reference. It can coincide with the moment of speech, and may not coincide. There are absolute and relative temporal meaning of verb forms. The absolute is called the time when the initial point of definition of the temporary plan is the moment of speech: Rassed thunder woke out surrounding villages. The relative time is when the time of the implementation of another process is the time of the initial point. For example, in the proposal He already knew yesterday, that in the campaign it will not take the form take Indicates the action as a future not with respect to the moment of speech, but in relation to the time of the process being called the form knew. This is the value of the future action form take and is its relative temporary meaning.

In the zealing ignition, there are varying forms that have a special morphological indicator of time and not having it. The first are the forms of past time characterized by the suffix -L., as well as the forms of future complex, having auxiliary verb as a special time be in his personal forms; To the second - the forms of the present and future simple, the end of which express the importance of the face and the number. Personal expirations of the forms of the present and future are simultaneously non-sociable temporal indicators of these forms.

Among the verb categories with which the category of time is interconnected, a special place occupies a category of the species, which determines the possibility of the formation of all or not all time forms: the verbs of the imperfect form are formed forms of all three times, the verbs of the perfect species are forms only in the past and future time.

Time forms can be used not only in direct, but also in a figurative value. In the first case, the categorical value of the temporary form of the verb coincides with the real process of implementation of the process: In the city park there is a military orchestra (form and value of the present time). With a portable use of such a coincidence: Tomorrow I go to the performance (The form of the present time is the value of the future time).

Currently, the value of the coincidence of the process with the moment of speech in opposition of this moment the past and the future.

The forms of the present time are formed on the basis of the present time of the verbs of the imperfect type by the accession of the endings, which are a combined person indicator, number and time. The endings of verbs depending on the verb belonging to I or II solving are given in Table. 34.

The end of the verbs I and II of the Huments

Face	Singular		Plural
	I. conjugation	II Hiding	I. conjugation	II Hiding
	Y (s) ( writing)	Y (s) ( gO-Y.)	-eat (pish-EM)	-them (gon-im.)
	- you (pish-Eat)	- Having (gon-Ich)	Yes (pish-eat)	-t. (gon-It.)
	-et (write)	-Et. (gon IT.)	-oot (ÜT) (pish-Ut.)	-am (-yat.) (gon Yat.)

When using the forms of the present, the primary value varies actually this time (or present current) and the present time (or real irrelevant). The forms of this actually mean that we are talking about the process that coincides with the moment of speech: Students write an essay; Behind the window pours rain. Forms of incomprehensive present are the following values: Real constant and real abstract. The forms of this permanent designate such a process, the implementation of which does not have temporary restrictions: The city is surrounded by swamps; Rivers fall into the sea and oceans. The forms of the present abstract are used to designate a repeating, typical process, the manifestation of which is not associated with a certain time plan: Physically unreasonable people often catchy; Usually in the summer I am leaving for the city.

There are other, less common varieties of incomprehensive present - real commenting: Victory carriers removes the Cap, drops suitcase (V. Mayakovsky, scenic remark), which is most often found in remarks of artistic works, in the presentation of the content of documents; And the present visual: And then ... the beauty celebration is beginning to be marched, youth, flourishing forces and passionate thirst for life; The soul gives the response to the beautiful, harsh homeland, and I want to fly over the steppe together with the night bird (A. Chekhov), - used usually when describing imaginary events, and the real time of these events depends on the situation or context.

Past tense It has the importance of the process of processing the moment of speech in opposing this moment the present and future.

Forms of the past time are formed from the basis of the last time with the help of suffix -L. or zero suffix. Suffix -L. It is regularly used in the formation of the forms of last time J.R. and cf. units, as well as forms MN.ch., and to suffix -L. The end is attached -and In Zh.R. And -o in cf. E.C., ending -and and forms MN.ch.: sister arrived, the sun was shining, children played. In the forms of last time M.R. suffix - l. regularly performs only if the forming basis of the last time ends on the vowel ( watched, drew, spoke, toll-L.). If this base ends on the consonant, then the form of M.R. It has a zero suffix: fishing, promkov, obrog, frozen, ter. The indicator of the genus and the number in the form of M.R. units Also represented by zero ending.

Forms of the past time denote such a process that precedes a grammatical point of reference, but depending on the type of verb on this value of the preceding, additional characteristics are enjoyed. Forms formed by the verbs of the perfect species are perfect value, i.e. denote the process as finished in the past, but retaining the result in the present ( In a strong wind, children odrogly ) or do not contain such an instruction ( I thanks. him and came out ). The forms of the past time of the verbs of the perfect species can also denote long-term, but limited processes in their duration ( we hit , played and calmed down ).

In contrast to the verbs of the perfect form of the form of the past time, the verbs of the imperfect species denote the process in its course, indicate its duration or repeatability: Sea back noisy and beggu about the shore; One Barcas swinging On the waves, and sleepily on it mersal Ogonek (A. Chekhov). Only a few verbs of the imperfect species denoting the processes of perception and knowledge can be used in the past time with a perfect value: This book I. was reading. From other values \u200b\u200bof the forms of the past time, it should be noted the expression of the usual process in a more or less distant past. For this, as a rule, multiple verbs with suffixes are used. -, - or combination with form happened: Eagle And we are in these forests; Beed , all night long conducted Behind the book.

The future time has the importance of the process during the moment of speech in opposition of this moment to the past and this.

There are a form of future simple (synthetic) and future complex (analytical). The forms of the future are formed from the basis of the present time of the verbs of the perfect species with the help of the same end of the face and the number as in the formation of the forms of the present time: tellor-U., tell me, tell me, tell me, tell us, tell a time; gift, give, gift IT., his, delivery, gift yat. The forms of the future complex are formed analytically from the verbs of the imperfect species and are a combination of the form of the future time of the auxiliary verb to be infinitive: i will collect, will collect, will collect, we will collect, will collect, will collect.

The value of the forms of the future time detects a close connection with the type of verb. Expressing the same meaning of the process behind the grammatical point of reference, the shape of the future time of the verbs of different species specifies and specify this value. Future time forms of the verbs of the perfect species denote processes as complete, productive: Perey shackles will fall. / Tomnov Rukhnut — and freedom / you will take joyfully at the entrance (A. Pushkin).

The forms of the future of the verbs of the imperfect species are usually used to designate long or repetitive processes without presenting them as complete or productive: Alone he will wander around the August tundra, stupid on the bumps, bypass rusty and flat tundra lakes.

Time forms can be used in a figurative value, which makes it possible to figure out the process in time and clarify its modal characteristic. In the creation of portable values, a large role is played by a situation or context, as well as a combination in the context of different time forms.

The value of the present time can be expressed by the forms of the future and the past time. Especially wide possibilities for transmitting the values \u200b\u200bof the present irrelevant possess the form of the future time of the verbs of the perfect species. They can be used to designate regularly repetitive or typical processes: it happens , stand up and speak About something hot. These forms are sometimes used to designate processes that coincide with the moment of speech: Let's ask Do not merge. With the meaning of the present time, the form of the future time of the verb is often used in conversational speech. be: And who are you will be? (A. N. Tolstoy); You do not have matches will be? Form of the next time verb be In some structures, uncertainty may have: "before i will be melted five will be" , — i added (I. Turgenev); He is forty years will be.

A special case is such a use of the form of the future time of the verbs of the perfect species, when it, in combination with the denial, it is impossible to implement the process at the moment of speech: But I really do not i will understand , why so quickly I weakened (M. Bulgakov); Sorry, but I am not remember Your name.

Forms of past time can also express the value of the present time. Such use is characteristic of the forms of verbs of the perfect species, since the effectiveness prisoner in their categorical value already implies a connection with this time. The condition for the presentation of the previously implemented process as usual and in the present is the combination of forms of the past and present: it happens , sel Behind the book for an hour, and open From her already in the evening. However, it should be borne in mind that, depending on the situation, intonation or context, the form of the past time may mean a process correlated both with this and with future time. For example, saying Frightened I am his threats! Maybe mean "I am not afraid of his threats" or "I do not scare its threats." Forms of the past time with the value of the future time are used to express confidence in the inevitability of the process designated by them:

Another wrong step - and we died. With the value of the future time, the forms of the last time of the verbs start starting, cum, go, go, fly, take, take the other: well, i gone home, and you stay here.

With the value of the future time, the forms of not only the past, but also of the present time can be used to express complete confidence in the implementation of the process. The temporary implementation plan called the verb process often indicate lexical clarifiers: In summer I food to the village; Tomorrow In the morning is reading report.

The time of time can be expressed by the forms of this and future time. Using the forms of the present time to designate the already implemented process (the so-called present historical) gives the narrative of greater imagery and liveliness, brings certain events to the moment of speech: In 1858, F. I. Buslaev creates The first historical grammar of the Russian language.

In combination with a particle as Forms of the future simple indicate the surprise and intensity of the process being implemented in the past: suddenly someone ka car knocknet from the courtyard (A. Chekhov).

Forms of future time can also be used to designate processes that have repeatedly repeated in the past. The condition for such consumption of future time forms is their combination with the forms of the past time, usually with the word happened: Beed , not saw , if in the room burst Muha or scrossing Mouse in the corner (I. Goncharov).

In proverbs, sayings, in aphoristic statements, a designated form of future time, the process can be represented as possible in any of the three time plans. With this use, the typical, travelability or inevitability of the process is emphasized: how goes around comes around , so I. will respond; Tears grief ne. help.

Glagol time Expresses the attitude of the action denoted by the verb to the time of its implementation. Molds are allocated past, presentand of this Time.

In most cases, the use of time forms is determined by the ratio to the moment of speech; This consumption was called absolute time.

In relatively rare cases, the initial item for the use of times is not the moment of speech, but other starting points, such as the time of other actions reported in speech. This was the name of the relative consumption of times. In additional (than-mentionable) pressing parts of the complex proposal, the verb time is determined by the ratio of the time of the main part:

Brother said that he was sent (sends, sending) to me the book.

The grammatical point of time counting here is the verb of the main part "reported", with respect to which the verb of the appendage is made, is executed or will be executed. "I wrote that it works": Currently, the verb "works" indicates a coincidence of the time of action not with the moment of speech, but with the time actions expressed by the verb "wrote".

The verbs of the imperfect form have all three forms of time (I decide - I will decide).

The verbs of the perfect species denoting actions limited to the limit are used only in the past and the future (simple) time (I decided to "decide), and the present time does not have.

Past tense Indicates the action preceding the moment of speech. It is formed by adding infinitive of the forming suffix -L-: Pisa - Pi- SA-L, Chita-Tъ - Chita-L, Kolo-h - Kolo-l.
When forming the forms of last time, some features are observed:

If the basis of the past time ends on r, k, x, s, s, b, then when the verb of the men's genus suffix is \u200b\u200bformed, it falls out: dereg, peck, sow, drove, carried, row, but persisted in female and middle way, And also in the plural: Enthek, baked, kept, was lucky, carried, erased.

Verbs on - eroet In the past time, a second-pass combination is second e., and in men's birth do not have a suffix -l-: erase - steer, die - died.

Verb go and derivatives from it form the past time from another basis - the shed - with the loss of root d.: She walked, went, went, came, came, came.

Last time makes it possible to change the verb in numbers. In turn, the only number can easily be inclined by childbirth. It should also be noted that the verbs standing in the past time in the plural, do not change on persons.

Verbs in form of this Time Indicate the action that occurs at the time of speech, for example: I am looking for meeting with you. The verbs in the present time are changed by persons and numbers.

From verbs perfect species The forms of the present are not formed: the concept of completion, effectiveness peculiar to the verbs of the perfect species is incompatible with the concept of the present.

Forms of present, only verbs have imperfect species . These forms are formed using personal endings depending on the verb belonging to I or II solving.

I Hiding: -th (-th), "Do you,", "," do it, "do)")
II LOOKINGS: -Y (-YE), "," -t, -I, -t, -at (-th)

Example of verb I Hiding:

1 person → I walk, we walk
2 face → You walk, you walk
3 face → he walks, they walk

Example of verb II of the Holyness:

1 person → I drive, we take
2 PERSON → You're you, you
3 face → He takes, they carry

Currently, there are main values:

it shows that the action expressed by the verb coincides with the moment of speech: the Caucasus under Mo. Again, solemnly and wisely makes the noise of ancient coniferous boron (V. Belov);

denotes the action constant, timeless; The earth revolves around the sun.; In the communicative vessels, the surface of the fluid is set at one level.;

indicates the action passing to the property. Compare: The boy reads the book and the student Petrov well reads Pushkin; Birds and swallows fly faster in the garden faster than sparrows.

it is used instead of the past, to give the story of the liveliness and make the reader (listener) as if a witness to the event depicted: I am going on the street yesterday and see. This is the so-called real narrative (picturesque, historical);

Currently is used in the value of the future, if it comes to action that must be accomplished; I will pass the last exam tomorrow and leave to rest. The use of the forms of present in this function is typically characteristic of the verbs of the movement - to run, go, go. Sometimes a picture of the present time is transmitted by the author's picture: another day of this dipped bitter - and here you have a hungry winter, typhus, cattle falls, murut children (A. N. Tolstoy).

Future tense Indicates the action (process), the upcoming or subsequent to the moment of speech. It has two forms: synthetic (simple) and analytical (complex). These forms differ from each other and their structure, and their meaning.

The synthetic form is peculiar to the verbs of the perfect species (I will write, I will tell you, read), analytical - verbs of an imperfect species (I will write, I will tell, I will read).

The future of the analytical form is formed from personal forms of the future of the verb be and infinitive (necessarily imperfect species). Speaking in the function of the service component, auxiliary verb be Forms with infinitive one grammatical shape.

The future complex always denotes an unlimited, which does not have a limit that will be made after the moment of speech and cannot be used in the meaning of another time: we still consistently defend the case of the world.

The form of a future time from the verbs of the perfect species is simple: it coincides with the form of the present time of the imperfect type: read, read, read, read, read, read; Build, build, build, build, build.

The future of the synthetic form (from the verbs of the perfect species) has a variety of values:

the main value is the expression of the upcoming (future) actions having a limit, completeness: We will all get enough, we will understand and open: Cold Pole and Blue Arch (V. Lebedev-Kumach);

indicates the action that goes into the property: what kind of task it will not give him, will definitely decide (it is impossible to say or solved). The future time in such a value is often used in proverbs: Tell the truth - the truth will help. On the curve, you break your legs.

denotes a repeated action (in descriptions next to this):
Buru Millet Heaven Croot (Present),
Whirlwinds snowy
How the beast she will win
Then pay, as a child (A. Pushkin);

with denial, it does not indicate the impossibility of action in the present: it will not read quickly (can not read quickly), it will not say simply (it can not say simply), will not see on a distant distance (can not be seen on distant distance);

it is used in the meaning of the past time: during the day it is mostly dreamed. Ssesses in a chair in front of the table ... and sleeping (present). Then he swallowed, wakes up, looks out the window and for a long time, without any conscious thought, does not tear off (present) the eye from the emitted without the end of Dali (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin).

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