Features of connecting the automation of a gas boiler. The principle of operation of automatic gas boiler. Types of automatic systems for gas heating boilers

As you know, gas heaters are equipment that can create an emergency situation, associated with a mortal risk. Accidental flame extinction or gas leakage can lead to explosion or suffocation, and overheating of the boiler - at best, to its breakdown. Serviceable automatic safety of gas boilers will be able to prevent risks at an early stage. In addition, it contributes to a more economical use of the fuel resource and increases the level of comfort during the operation of the heating system as a whole. The cost of the automation unit depends on the number and complexity of the options included in the scheme. Some of them are mandatory, and therefore must be present in every gas boiler, without exception.

The principle of operation of basic automation

Modern heating equipment is certainly equipped with a security system and control units with the function of regulating operating modes. An element of basic automation is an electric or piezo ignition, which supplies a spark to the igniter at the moment the gas supply starts. To start the combustion process, you just need to press the button located on the body of the heating boiler.

Next, the machine turns on the gas burner, which picks up the fire from the igniter. After the coolant has warmed up to the required temperature, the automation (in this case, the thermostat) is triggered to turn off the burner, and when the water cools to the limit values, a signal is given to turn it on. The igniter continues to burn all this time. This option allows:

protect the surrounding area from possible gas leakage;
prevent water from boiling in the heat exchanger;
stop the fuel supply to the nozzle in the absence of thrust or a sharp change in gas pressure in the main pipeline.

Maintaining the optimal operating mode of the boiler and the safety of the equipment have long depended not on the human factor, but on the automation, which is equipped with gas equipment. It can be volatile, more reliable, but requiring the presence of an uninterruptible power supply, and non-volatile (mechanical), characterized by autonomy and a simple design. The security system may consist of only the necessary elements or be multifunctional, have manual control or a programmer.

Automation ensures reliable and economical operation of a gas boiler without human intervention.

Non-volatile system

Such automation is attractive due to its isolation from electricity, low cost and maintainability. The range of operating temperatures that affect the operation of the thermostat is set manually here by means of a switch connected to the thermostat built into the boiler. In its design there is a rod made of a material that can shorten and lengthen with changes in the temperature of the coolant. As a result, the gas supply valve opens or closes, completely shutting off the fuel supply to the burner.

The set of non-volatile automation also includes flame and draft sensors. In the event of a sudden attenuation of the burner, as with a significant reduction in thrust, the gas is instantly shut off. But for comfortable and economical operation of modern boilers, the above options are not enough. Manual regulation does not allow the use of equipment in optimal modes, therefore, savings, comfort and service life of the boiler without additional automation are minimized.

Volatile system

The maximum convenience of operation of gas heaters is provided by electronic automatic equipment. It is enough just to enter the operating parameters or already programmed modes on the display, as the regulation and control system comes into play. It functions based on the principle of solenoid valves receiving commands from a microprocessor unit.

The disadvantage of volatile automation is its attachment to electricity. In case of possible power failures, the equipment is blocked, and the coolant stops warming up, which leads to cooling of the heating circuit. The operability of the system and safety elements of the boiler is maintained by connecting the equipment to an uninterruptible power supply or to a diesel generator.

Modern automation is capable of:

maintain different temperatures depending on the days of the week or time of day;
regulate the thermal regime, taking into account weather conditions;
create individual temperature in separate rooms;
prevent freezing of the heating circuit;
troubleshoot and much more.

Components of the automation system

Elements of automatic control are divided into several groups, depending on the functional purpose and design features. When purchasing a boiler, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the set of options presented in more detail, because the price of a gas boiler depends on their number. It is possible that too complex components are not required. Why then overpay?

Automation for heating boilers includes:

thermostats;
valves;
relay;
sensors;
controllers.

Thermostats are considered one of the simple electromechanical devices in the automation system. Their functions include ensuring the specified temperature regime of the coolant and giving a signal to turn on or turn off the gas burner after reaching threshold or boundary values.

Thermostats prevent water from boiling or freezing in the boiler.

The valves regulate the gas supply to the burner. Rather, they block or open the nozzle of the inlet pipe.

The coolant pressure switch in the system protects the gas boiler from serious damage. The fact is that too low pressure causes airing, boiling and stopping the circulation of water in the heating circuit. The result is a severe overheating of the boiler. Excessive pressure is no less dangerous, as it leads to an emergency and can provoke an explosion. In the first case, the situation is controlled by the minimum pressure switch, and in the second - by the maximum one.

Relay devices also control gas pressure. Normal operation of the burner is assumed at nominal pressure, therefore, when it is reduced or increased, emergency situations occur. In the first case, the flame begins to “settle” in the burner, which leads to the burning of the pipes. In the second case, it rises too high, as a result of which the combustion chamber suffers. Depending on the circumstances, the minimum or maximum gas pressure switch switches off the boiler in order to protect the equipment from serious damage.

Sensors that detect the presence of coolant in the heating system are an important addition to the boiler. They do not allow the equipment to be turned on without filling the circuit, which prevents the occurrence of emergencies. The sensor is made in the form of a float or electrodes placed in a hydraulic circuit in a certain way.

Controllers are electronic devices that control individual units or the heating system as a whole. At the same time, both internal factors affecting the operation of the gas boiler and external conditions, including weather, are taken into account. Controllers can have different capabilities and have different functionality. They are classified according to several positions:

integration scheme with boiler equipment;
management algorithms;
set of features;
service direction.

For gas boilers, there is a large selection of automation that allows you to safely and comfortably use heating systems. When buying equipment, you should familiarize yourself with the options offered by the manufacturer in detail. Mindfulness will help to avoid surprises.

Gas heating boilers are devices of increased danger. If misused or malfunctioning, they can cause natural gas poisoning, combustion products, fire or even explosion. That is why all processes taking place in boiler units must be carried out under constant control, for which gas automatics for boilers is responsible.

Design and principle of operation

All components of automation used in heating systems can be divided into two large groups:

Devices that ensure the correct and safe operation of boiler equipment.
Devices that increase comfort when using the boiler.

The automatic safety of gas boilers includes:

In some models of boiler equipment, the manufacturer provides for the presence of an air exhaust device. All devices included in the automatic security system are non-volatile or mechanical. In the presence of actuators and a control controller, they can operate under electronic control.

Automation for comfort provides the owner of the unit with additional functionality: auto-ignition of the burner; self-diagnosis functions and selection of the optimal operating mode, flame modulation, etc. This type of automation is optional and is not used in some models.

The principle of operation of the electronic security system is based on the receipt of data from sensors that are processed by a microprocessor-controlled controller. Based on the data received from the sensors and sensors, the controller sends commands to the actuators of the safety executive devices.

The principle of operation of the mechanical automation of a gas boiler will be considered in more detail. The heating system does not work - the gas valve is closed. To start the boiler, the washer on the valve is squeezed out. This operation forcibly opens the valve, gas flows to the igniter. After ignition of the igniter, the thermocouple heats up. It generates enough voltage to operate an electromagnet that holds the gas valve open.

By turning the washer, the required boiler power is set: gas with the required pressure enters the burner - ignition occurs from the igniter. After starting the boiler plant, the thermostat takes over the control of the temperature of the coolant.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeK4dSo3B9Y Almost all boiler equipment security systems work on this principle, regardless of the brand. When choosing this system for the boiler, it is recommended to pay attention to the equipment of the same brand as the boiler. For example, it is best to look for automation for BOSH gas boilers of this particular brand.

Gas pressure. If it falls below the permissible value, the fuel supply to the burner stops. This happens automatically thanks to a valve mechanism set to a specific fuel pressure. In volatile safety modules, the maximum and minimum pressure switches are responsible for monitoring the gas pressure. These devices consist of a diaphragm with a stem. With an increase in fuel pressure, the membrane bends and opens the power contacts of the boiler plant. When the pressure normalizes, the power contacts are set to the closed position.
The presence of a flame in the burner. In the absence of a flame, the thermocouple cools down and stops producing the current necessary to operate the gas valve solenoid valve, which shuts off the fuel supply to the burner.
The presence of draft in the smoke duct. When the thrust is reduced, the bimetallic plate of the sensor heats up and changes its shape. The rod connecting the sensor plate to the valve puts it out of operation and the gas supply to the burner stops.
The temperature of the coolant in the circuit. The thermostat is responsible for preventing overheating and maintaining the temperature of the coolant in the circuit.

Almost all modern security systems are equipped with control sensors and relays for the presence and pressure of the coolant in the system. This type of automation is most often implemented in volatile systems. Any automation can fail due to poor quality, improper operation and maintenance. Next, you can get acquainted with the characteristic malfunctions of the boiler automation and methods for their self-elimination.

You should be aware that independent intervention in the design of gas installations is prohibited by law. That is why we strongly recommend that in case of malfunctions in the heating installation, contact specialists who have a state certificate for the right to carry out these works.

Departing from the topic, we want to inform you that we have prepared comparative reviews on gas boilers. You can get acquainted with them in the following materials:

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The most popular models of security systems for boiler equipment

Today, more than a dozen models of automation from different brands are represented on the Russian market of climate technology. The popularity of a particular brand depends entirely on the demand for heating installations of the same brand. Many owners of domestic boiler equipment ask how the automation works in the Lemax gas boiler? These units use EvroSit automation from an Italian manufacturer. It is this automation system that is in first place in popularity among domestic manufacturers of heating devices.

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Evrosit

Models of this line have good functionality and are easily integrated into almost any design of the boiler unit. Standard features: gas pressure control; control over the presence of a flame in the burner and on the igniter; control over the temperature of the coolant and draft in the chimney. Using the automation of this brand does not cause any particular difficulties for the owners, but requires some skills.

Before starting the device, it is necessary to press the adjustment and ignition knob and at the same time the button of the piezoelectric element.
After ignition of the igniter, it is necessary to keep the knob pressed for 5 to 10 seconds to heat the thermocouple.
If, after depressing the handle, the igniter does not go out, then you can proceed to turn the washer to adjust the gas pressure. After that, the main burner is ignited.

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Honeywell

Automation of this brand is quite widespread in the Russian market of climate technology due to its relatively low cost, good functionality and a wide range of models. Standard functionality: maintaining the temperature of the coolant in the range from 40 to 90°C; control over pressure and fuel supply; automatic stop of the device in the absence or occurrence of the reverse thrust effect; control over the presence of a flame in the burner.

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AOGV

Today, Rostov products are in demand by domestic users on a par with European models of automation because of their reliability and low cost. The functionality of automatic AOGV systems is also quite rich. The standard features of this technique allow you to stop the operation of the boiler in the event of the following situations: the temperature of the coolant exceeds the set level; flame failure in the igniter and burner; low pressure and lack of coolant in the system; any failure in the gas supply system; decrease in fuel pressure below the established norm; in the absence or insufficient traction. How does automatic gas boiler aogv work? The operation of the gas valve is controlled by the voltage generated by the thermocouple. It is this voltage that acts on the valve coil and keeps it open while the burner burns. The temperature is controlled by a thermostat and valves that, when the temperature rises or falls, open or shut off the fuel supplied to the burner. Exhaust gases are controlled by a draft sensor. Making the right choice of automation for gas boilers is quite difficult. We strongly recommend that you seek professional help.

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All about automation for gas heating boilers

Each gas heating system in a private house or city apartment has individual technical characteristics and features. Gas boilers differ not only in functionality and principle of operation, but also in the control system. For safety reasons, all models of gas boilers are equipped with devices and devices for automatic adjustment of heating equipment. To get a more complete picture of autonomous heating in a house, you should understand how the gas boiler automation system works, and what types of such devices exist.

The heating gas boiler is a complex engineering product that requires constant attention during operation. Automatic control is able to provide the necessary control of the parameters of the boiler, making the heating system truly autonomous.

What is automation for a gas boiler. General view

Automation used for gas boilers are special devices that provide control over the operation of heating equipment after it has been started. The main purpose of automatic control devices is to ensure the safety of operation of heating units and maintain the optimum temperature in the room.

By functionality, automation is divided into two main types:

volatile devices;
non-volatile control devices.

The first type - volatile automation used in autonomous heating systems, has a simpler design and works according to the residual principle. The signal from the temperature sensor about temperature changes is sent to the solenoid valve, which closes or opens, shutting off the gas supply to the gas boiler. Almost all heating boilers are equipped with this type of control equipment.

An example of a non-volatile unit of an automatic security system for a gas boiler The second type of automation - non-volatile devices operate on the basis of the physical properties of the substance inside the closed circuit of the device. When heated, the substance expands, creating increased pressure inside the device. Under the action of high pressure, a gas valve is actuated, shutting off the gas supply to the combustion chamber. The boiler is switched on in the reverse order. When the temperature decreases, the volume of the substance decreases, as a result of which the pressure in the device decreases. The valve returns to its normal position, allowing gas to enter the burner. Such automation devices are equipped with non-volatile gas boilers. Models of automation system blocks may differ only in the standard set of functions.

See also: Grounding a gas boiler: how to do it and why?

The principle of operation of automation. Main knots

Considering the internal structure of safety automation devices, we can make an unambiguous conclusion that the main structural elements are the safety and main valves, which shut off the fuel supply to the working area or allow gas to enter the combustion chamber. All automation for gas heating boilers is built on this action. Differences can only be in the presence of additional functions for automatic adjustment devices and how to control them.

For example: You want to turn on the boiler. Ignition is carried out by supplying gas to the pilot burner. This process is controlled by a solenoid valve. The installed thermocouple, heated by the pilot burner, is capable of heating in a short period of time, only 2-3 s. give the necessary spark to ignite the gas on the main burner. Releasing the ignition button, you start the main valve, which supplies gas to the combustion chamber.

The device works due to the interaction of both valves.

Choosing the required air temperature for the heated room, set the regulator to the desired position. The whole process is clearly monitored by a thermostat, which is equipped with sensors that regulate the volume of gas entering the combustion chamber. Thanks to two valves, shut-off and modeling, installed in the thermostat, the gas flow is regulated, and therefore the heating intensity of the boiler. The layout of the main adjustment points on the devices approximately looks like this.

Note: The heating intensity of boiler equipment can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the operating pressure at the fittings. A conventional membrane is able to regulate the working pressure of the household gas at the outlet. In another situation, the outlet gas pressure in the system can be adjusted by manipulating the gas supply screw.

It is necessary to dwell in more detail on what types of automation exist for domestic gaseous fuel boilers, on what principle the operation of automatic devices is based, and how this affects the safety and efficiency of an autonomous heating system.

Basic functions of automation

The main purpose of automation in heating systems is an instant response to a change in the situation. One of the main tasks of automatic control devices is to stop the gas supply to the working area. Situations in which it may be necessary to cut off the supply of domestic gas may be the following:

poor operation of the exhaust device, deterioration of traction, in which there is a high probability of harmful combustion products entering the interior;
sharp drops in operating pressure in the main gas pipeline;
unauthorized extinction of the flame on the main burner.

In these situations, it is thanks to the automation of the gas boiler that the supply of gas fuel is controlled, which ensures the safety of residents. It is for safety reasons, in accordance with existing regulations, that it is necessary to equip all old models of gas-heating equipment with automatic systems, the standard equipment of which did not provide for the equipping of these devices. As for the gas heating units of the latest releases, these are boilers with automatic equipment.

For reference: in some cases it is cheaper to install a new boiler than to upgrade the old heating system by equipping the boiler with automation. The reason lies in the significant design differences between the old-style models and modern heating units.

Main article: do-it-yourself gas burner

Which automation is better - mechanical or electronic?

Devices that control the operation of heating equipment can be mechanical or electronic. In budget models of gas boilers, in most cases, a mechanical, manual control option is used. Despite the fact that the level of technological progress has reached unprecedented heights, mechanics remains a reliable and proven tool. Automatic safety of gas boilers, operating in manual control mode, is an order of magnitude cheaper. The principle of operation of most models of manual boilers is simple and understandable for domestic use.

The regulator of the intensity of the supply of coolant to the radiator of the water heating system

The automation unit of the mechanical principle of operation is easier to maintain and repair. Dismantling such a unit is quite within the power of a specialist - a heat engineer who carries out a routine inspection of boiler equipment in your home.

Manual, mechanical control of a gas boiler, regardless of the power supply - the owner of the home independently sets the temperature necessary for heating the living space, everything else depends on the laws of physics that underlie the operation of the mechanism.

For reference: the heat exchanger is equipped with a thermocouple - a mechanism based on a plate combined from two parts - steel and nickel. During heating, the plate lengthens, and when cooled, it decreases in length, acting on the valve, which opens or closes the gas supply to the working area. The draft regulator, which is equipped with gas boilers with an open combustion chamber, also works on the basis of the same principle. The bimetallic plate, when the temperature rises to a critical level (more than 750C), bends, opening the circuit. When the flame decreases, the plate returns to its natural position. Everything is simple and clear.

A different principle of operation is laid down in automation with electronic filling, which uses not the physical properties of materials and media, but a fundamentally different way of transmitting a signal to equipment.

Electronic automatic control systems

The most common type of automation that is used in budget models of boilers is an electronic thermostat.

The device is installed indoors and controls heating based on signals from a remote temperature sensor located in the actual zone of the room. When the temperature drops below the set limit, the boiler is signaled to turn on. When the optimum temperature parameters are reached, the sensors transmit a shutdown signal to the system. Room thermostats have a cable connection with gas boilers.

In this case, the presence of a thermostat ensures the optimal heating temperature of the gas boiler and the economy of blue fuel consumption. To date, several types of thermostats are on sale, differing in functionality, technical characteristics and installation method. Programmable devices ensure that the optimal temperature regime is maintained inside the dwelling for a given period of time.

Note: some models can automatically control the operation of a gas boiler during the day, other models of equipment are able to control the operating unit during the week. Wireless automatic control devices are also produced, allowing remote control of the operation of the boiler. The range of modern remote control systems, depending on the model chosen, is 25-100 m.

Conclusion

What is better, mechanical automation or electronic control devices, the consumer decides. A good gas boiler can work successfully both with manual control and with the use of electronic automatic devices.

Modern appliances, which are equipped with all models of gas boilers that exist today, are an integral part of the heating system. Without appropriately configured automation, not a single gas boiler will work correctly.

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Types of automation for gas heating boilers

The operation of any heating boiler must be based on a constant and uniform supply of fuel. This is especially true for gas equipment, because there are obvious problems with gas pressure in domestic supply networks. That is why it is so important that all processes, and especially the gas supply to the burner, be monitored by automation for gas heating boilers.

Varieties of automation

Everything that is produced today in the category "automatic control systems for heating boilers" is divided into two groups:

Volatile.
Non-volatile.

Attention! The former are powered by electricity with a voltage of 12 V. The latter do not need any energy.

Volatile automation devices

Volatile automatics for gas boilers are electronic devices that mainly regulate the gas supply by opening or closing a tap. This is a rather complex device, which is endowed by manufacturers with additional functions. So what can an electronic automatic network do?

Close or open the fuel supply valve.
Start the boiler in automatic mode.
Regulate the power of the burner using the installed temperature sensor.
Stop the operation of the boiler in case of emergency or in the case of a programmed mode.
Show visually how the boiler itself works, to what temperature the water is heated, and so on.

Currently, many manufacturers have gone further, because the requirements for the ease of operation of gas boilers are increasing. Therefore, modern electronic automation can additionally:

Monitor and control the operation of the pump.
Protect the heating system from freezing. In this case, automation can quickly start the heating boiler if there is a sharp decrease in the temperature inside the house.
Protect the heating system from failure of the three-way valve.
Carry out self-diagnosis of heating and identify malfunctions of elements and parts.

That is, it turns out that this type is the automatic safety of gas boilers. It is these electronic units that guarantee that the heater will work smoothly, without jumps, observing the exact temperature regime, and not create problems during long-term operation. I would especially like to draw your attention to the diagnostic system. It can help prevent major problems. If they are not warned in time, then you can save a lot on major repairs of equipment.
Electronic control unit

At present, various automatic devices of the volatile type can be purchased on the market. These can be programmable blocks or conventional ones without program control. The first are convenient in the sense that it is possible to set the temperature regime for a long time. In this case, the range is 1-7 days. Knowing the weather forecast, you can set the temperature for each subsequent day, thereby maintaining a comfortable temperature inside the house. By the way, with the help of such blocks, you can program the temperature day-night.

Non-volatile

This type of automation includes mechanical devices for monitoring and regulating the processes of gas combustion inside heating boilers. When faced with a choice between two groups of automatic systems, many consumers choose the mechanical option. Why?

Firstly, these are the cheapest designs.
Secondly, they have a manual setting, which allows you to understand the regulation processes of even the most remote people from these devices.
Thirdly, this is the autonomy of the blocks, because for their operation there is no need to connect to electrical networks. Even if the electricity is turned off for a while, it will be easy to regulate the boiler.

What is the essence of manual setting. The temperature scale is set on the device from minimum to maximum. By setting the arrow of the regulator to the temperature you need, you set it to the boiler. After the boiler is lit, the thermostat comes into play. It is he who will control the temperature you set by closing or opening the gas supply valve. A thermocouple for a gas boiler, built into the heat exchanger, that is, directly touching the coolant, has a special rod made of a material that quickly responds to temperature changes. Usually such a rod is made of invar (an alloy of iron and nickel). Under the action of temperature, the rod increases in length or decreases. It is firmly connected to the valve, which, under its action, regulates the supply of fuel to the burner.

Currently, gas boiler manufacturers add two sensors to the mechanical automation unit:

Traction sensor.
Flame sensor.

Both devices immediately turn off the gas supply if the draft suddenly drops in the chimney or the pressure in the gas pipe drops sharply. Their device is based on the bending of a thin plate made of an alloy of two metals. For example, at high temperatures, the plate bends and thus keeps the valve open. As soon as the flame has become smaller, the plate comes into a direct state, thereby shutting off the valve. The same thing happens in the chimney with a draft sensor.

Mechanical automation unit

Automatic multiblocks

Scientific and technological progress gives us today the opportunity to use devices that are compact in size, but have great functionality. Automation of gas boilers did not stand aside. Today, manufacturers offer multiblocks, which include:

Combined type gas valve.
Temperature controller.
Thermal sensor.
Traction sensor.
A device that stabilizes gas pressure.
Burner valve. Usually this device has a two-stage action.

Pay attention to the first valve. It works in conjunction with a thermostat, which, using a temperature sensor, controls the temperature of the coolant directly in the heating circuit. Such a mini-block can be paired with a thermostat that is installed in the room. The latter controls the air temperature, and, accordingly, the temperature regime of the house. Such a bundle helps to more accurately adjust the operation of a gas heating boiler.

Installation methods

What is the difference? Already from the name itself, you can guess that wired automation units are connected to the boiler using cables or wires. This is especially true for temperature sensors and thermostats. Not the best option when it comes to installation in an already finished house. For their installation, you will have to do wiring: hidden or open. If a hidden option is chosen, then you will have to ditch the walls. And this is an unnecessary expense. The wireless option is the best solution, but it is more expensive than the first.

Design and principle of operation

All components of automation used in heating systems can be divided into two large groups:

Devices that ensure the correct and safe operation of boiler equipment.
Devices that increase comfort when using the boiler.

The automatic safety of gas boilers includes:

Functionality of the heating system security system

Under the control of automation are all the important processes that occur in the boiler. Automation for gas heating boilers provides control over:

Gas pressure. If it falls below the permissible value, the fuel supply to the burner stops. This happens automatically thanks to a valve mechanism set to a specific fuel pressure. In volatile safety modules, the maximum and minimum pressure switches are responsible for monitoring the gas pressure. These devices consist of a diaphragm with a stem. With an increase in fuel pressure, the membrane bends and opens the power contacts of the boiler plant. When the pressure normalizes, the power contacts are set to the closed position.
The presence of a flame in the burner. In the absence of a flame, the thermocouple cools down and stops producing the current necessary to operate the gas valve solenoid valve, which shuts off the fuel supply to the burner.
The presence of draft in the smoke duct. When the thrust is reduced, the bimetallic plate of the sensor heats up and changes its shape. The rod connecting the sensor plate to the valve puts it out of operation and the gas supply to the burner stops.
The temperature of the coolant in the circuit. The thermostat is responsible for preventing overheating and maintaining the temperature of the coolant in the circuit.

You should be aware that independent intervention in the design of gas installations is prohibited by law. That is why we strongly recommend that in case of malfunctions in the heating installation, contact specialists who have a state certificate for the right to carry out these works.

Departing from the topic, we want to inform you that we have prepared comparative reviews on gas boilers. You can get acquainted with them in the following materials:

The most popular models of security systems for boiler equipment

Before starting the device, it is necessary to press the adjustment and ignition knob and at the same time the button of the piezoelectric element.
After ignition of the igniter, it is necessary to keep the knob pressed for 5 to 10 seconds to heat the thermocouple.
If, after depressing the handle, the igniter does not go out, then you can proceed to turn the washer to adjust the gas pressure. After that, the main burner is ignited.

Automation of this brand is quite widespread in the Russian market of climate technology due to its relatively low cost, good functionality and a wide range of models. Standard functionality: maintaining the temperature of the coolant in the range from 40 to 90°C; control over pressure and fuel supply; automatic stop of the device in the absence or occurrence; control over the presence of a flame in the burner.

When choosing a gas boiler for heating a country house or cottage, many factors must be taken into account: the area of \u200b\u200bthe house to be heated, the number of circuits, the expected consumption of hot water (in the case of a double-circuit boiler), the possibility of connecting a heated floor circuit, etc. In addition, one of the most important aspects to be taken into account when choosing a boiler is the automation installed in it. In this article we will analyze the main functions of automation systems that modern boilers have. This will help you understand what these functional modules do in practice, what you really need from this, and what is not worth overpaying extra money for.

All automation components of gas boilers can be divided into two groups:

Protective automation
Automation for convenience

Protective automation

Automation units from the first group, as its name implies, are designed to protect the boiler and the room in which it is installed. These devices stop the gas supply in the event of an emergency.

Gas control

This is usually understood as "flame control" burners. When the burner goes out, the gas supply must be stopped. This is a basic protection function that is present in all boilers.

This automation module consists of two units: a gas supply valve and a thermocouple (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1 Thermocouple and solenoid valve

Thermocouple is a passive temperature sensor, i.e. does not require external power. It consists of two soldered conductors made of different metals (Fig. 2.). When the soldering point is heated in the conductors, a thermo-EMF is induced, in other words, a small voltage arises that is sufficient to open the gas supply solenoid valve.

Rice. 2 Thermocouple principle

That is why, at the first start-up of the boiler, you need to hold the ignition button for several seconds - the time during which the thermocouple has time to heat up and a voltage appears on it sufficient to maintain the gas valve in the open position.

Do not confuse: in the description of the boiler, this automation unit is usually called “gas control”, however, it would be more correct to call this function “flame presence control”, because. other automation units can also emergency shut off the gas supply, which we will consider below.

Boiler thermostat

Thermostat - a device necessary to maintain a given temperature of the coolant. It turns off the boiler when the set temperature is reached and turns it on when the temperature drops below the set threshold. The thermostat knob has several modes, each mode corresponds to its own coolant temperature.

Rice. 3 Thermostat

If the boiler is electronically controlled, the temperature can be set using the user terminal and displayed on the display.

The thermostat can be considered a device that regulates the operation of the boiler, but it also performs protective functions: protection against overheating and freezing. This is achieved by the thermostat having upper and lower threshold values. When the temperature of the coolant reaches the upper alarm threshold, the boiler switches off to prevent overheating. When the lower alarm threshold is reached, the boiler turns on at maximum power so that the coolant does not freeze.

It should be borne in mind that if “thermostat” is written in the list of technical characteristics of the boiler, it means the presence of a regulating thermostat. The overheating protection function is available in any boiler, even if it is not specified separately. But frost protection is present only in those boilers where this function is spelled out in the characteristics.

Traction control

The draft intensity must be sufficient to completely remove combustion products from the room in which the boiler is installed. With insufficient draft, combustion products accumulate inside the room, which is dangerous for human health. When the draft control sensor is triggered (Fig. 4), a control signal is generated to stop the gas supply and turn off the boiler.

Fig 4. Traction control sensor

When installing the heating system, the draft is checked by the master, however, the draft may deteriorate during operation due to many reasons (fouling of the exhaust pipe, etc.). Therefore, draft sensors are an important component of the boiler safety system.

Safety valve

Rice. 5 Safety valve

Required to discharge excess coolant from the system when its pressure rises above the permissible limit. This situation is possible with a sharp increase in the temperature of the water (coolant) in the system. This can lead to damage to the boiler and other parts of the heating system. Therefore, it is better to purchase a boiler with a built-in safety valve or install it separately.

Automatic air vent

During the commissioning of the heating system, air inevitably gets into it, which can be quite difficult to get rid of. In addition, air can accumulate in the system and during operation. It interferes with the normal operation of the heating system, creates noise and seething in the pipes. The air vent (fig. 6) automatically releases all the air accumulated in the heating pipes. It cannot be called a mandatory node, but its presence in the system greatly simplifies the life of the user. Therefore, the best solution would be to choose a boiler with a built-in air vent.

Rice. 6 Air vent

Automatic transition from an external power source to an autonomous power supply in case of a power outage in the network

This function is relevant only for volatile heating boilers. When the external supply voltage fails, the boiler can be powered from a backup battery for some time. Automatic backup power input is especially important if the boiler is often left unattended by the owners. For example, in the case of a country house, in which the owners come only for the weekend.

After considering the automation modules belonging to the first group, only one conclusion can be drawn: you should not save on safety. When choosing a gas boiler, make sure that it has all the necessary protective functions. If some of the modules are missing, and the boiler where they are is much more expensive - find out if these modules can be delivered to the heating system separately. Perhaps this will save you money.

Automation for convenience

The second group includes modules that allow you to completely or partially save the user from participating in the boiler control process. This automation provides a choice of optimal operating modes of the boiler, increasing its efficiency and energy saving.

Auto ignition

The boiler with auto-ignition allows you to ignite the pilot burner in automatic mode. In order to ignite the boiler without auto-ignition, the user usually has to press the piezo ignition button and hold it for a while, after which the igniter burns all the time. In a boiler with automatic ignition, the pilot burner turns off when it is not needed and automatically turns on when necessary. This makes the boiler more economical and more reliable.

Flame modulation

The presence of the flame modulation function allows you to automatically smoothly adjust the boiler power depending on the temperature that needs to be maintained in the room and the current hot water consumption (in the case of a double-circuit boiler). In order for the user to set the desired temperature in the room, the boiler must be provided with a mechanical or electronic (more often) setpoint. Also, the system must have a room temperature sensor, to provide feedback. You can read more about smooth control in automation systems. . Such regulation provides the most economical mode of operation of the boiler.

Auto-diagnostics of the boiler

The "Autodiagnostics" module collects data on the operation of all sensors and actuators of the boiler, generates errors in the event of a malfunction of one of the nodes and displays them on the display in the form of a numerical code or in text form. For instance:

“Error No. 04 No Flame” or “Error No. 06 Temperature Sensor Error (Hot Water)”.

The "self-diagnostics" module is very useful in diagnosing boiler malfunctions. However, this module is optional. Do not choose a boiler with
"self-diagnostics", if this significantly increases its cost compared to a similar boiler in which this module is not present. In the event of a breakdown, you still have to call a qualified technician to fix the problem. The diagnostic module, of course, will help the master in his work, but the cost of repairs will not decrease from this.

Gas boiler programmer

Rice. 7 Programmer

The programmer allows you to set the schedule of operating modes for a day, a week, etc. This allows you to save energy consumption when possible. For example, it is useful to lower the temperature in the house during the day when everyone is at work or at night in order to sleep better. And vice versa, the boiler can automatically warm up the room by the time the owners arrive.

External boiler control

This function allows you to organize external control of the boiler, makes it possible to integrate the boiler into "smart home" systems, organize remote control and control of key indicators using an external GSM module. This function also usually provides for the possibility of connecting additional equipment (room and outdoor temperature sensors, thermostat, weekly programmer, etc.). If you do not plan to connect external control, it makes no sense to overpay for this function.

Domestic heating units using natural and liquefied gas do not need constant monitoring by users. Combustion and maintenance of the required coolant temperature are monitored by electronic and mechanical units built into any heat generator by the manufacturer. Our task is to explain how automation for a gas boiler works and what types of devices are used in modern water heating installations.

The vast majority of boiler plants of this type are equipped with safety automatics that operate without an external power source (non-volatile). According to the requirements of regulatory documents, automation equipment must shut off the gas supply to the burner and igniter in three emergency cases:

Extinction of the flame of the main burner due to blowing out or for other reasons.
When there is no or sharply reduced natural draft in the chimney.
The pressure drop of natural gas in the main line is below the critical level.

For reference. The implementation of these functions is mandatory for gas boilers of all types. Many manufacturers add a fourth level of safety - protection against overheating. When the temperature of the coolant reaches 90 °C, the valve stops supplying gas to the main burner at the signal of the sensor.

In various gas models from different manufacturers, non-volatile automation of the following types (brands) is used:

Italian blocks EuroSIT (Eurosit) series 630, 710 and 820 NOVA (heating units "Lemax", "Zhitomir 3", Aton and many others);
Polish devices "KARE" (heat generators "Danko", "Rivneterm");
American automatic control devices Honeywell (heaters of the Zhukovsky plant of the Comfort line);
domestic products of ZhMZ, SABK, Orion, Arbat firms.

Fuel supply system in the simplest AOGV devices equipped with ZhMZ valves. The burner is hidden in the lower part of the body.

We have listed the most common brands of automation, which are often installed on hot water boilers of the same company. For example, the Zhukovsky plant completes budget versions of AOGV devices with its own ZHMZ safety units, heat generators of the middle price category with EuroSIT devices, and powerful models with Honeywell automatic valves. Let's consider each group separately.

SIT Group Brand Gas Valves

Of all the types of automation found in boiler plants, EuroSIT safety blocks are the most popular and reliable in operation. They are recommended by companies - suppliers of natural fuels, including for replacing the old gas equipment of boilers KCHM, AGV, and so on. They work without problems as part of Polidoro, Iskra, Vakula, Thermo and others microtorch burners.

The exact names of the three models used are as follows:

630 SITs;
710 MiniSIT;
820 NOVA.

Connection sockets for thermocouple, main burner and pilot burner are located on the bottom panel

For reference. The SIT Group discontinued production of the 630 and 710 series, considering them obsolete. It was replaced by a new automatic safety of heating boilers - gas valves 820 NOVA, 822 NOVA, 840 SIGMA and 880 Proflame (powered by batteries). But old products are easy to find on sale.
In order not to bore you with the details of the design of automatic EuroSIT devices, we will briefly explain the principle of operation using the example of the simplest block of the 630 series:

Note. Older modifications of automation were not equipped with temperature sensors and ignition units, so matches were required to start the heat generator.

Scheme of connecting the automation unit to the gas burner
A membrane valve, which plays the role of a pressure regulator, is responsible for the normal supply of gas in the device. When it falls below a predetermined value, the fuel channel closes and an emergency shutdown of the boiler occurs. Other situations lead to refusal:

The burner and the wick that heats the thermocouple go out. Voltage generation stops, the solenoid valve closes the fuel passage.

If the draft in the chimney unexpectedly disappears, the sensor located in this channel overheats and breaks the power supply circuit of the electromagnet. The result is similar - the fuel supply is blocked.

In heaters equipped with overheating sensors, the electrical circuit is broken after the water reaches a temperature of 90-95 °C.

Automation for a gas boiler is divided into two main types:

Non-volatile mechanical structures. They are simple yet highly effective. Such automation reacts to changes in the temperature of the water in the system.

Volatile electronic devices. This is equipment that operates from an external source of energy, whether it be a network or a generator. This group includes a lot of innovative developments designed to make the boiler your everyday assistant.

Let's consider each of these groups separately.

Mechanical automation

Mechanical automation has a number of advantages. Firstly, this equipment, as already mentioned, is simple in design. Because of this, it is very reliable and practically does not break. And in case of failure, mechanical automation is easily repaired or replaced with a new one without significant losses for the family budget.

Secondly, such automation is cheap, which affects the cost of the boiler. It is self-contained in application, since it does not require external power sources for its operation.

Mechanical automation for a gas boiler is configured manually. The specialist sets the temperature range of the coolant. Such automation works on a simple principle. The temperature controller starts working immediately after ignition and reacts to changes in the parameters of the coolant. If the temperature of the water in the system drops, then the automation opens an additional gas supply to the main burner.

The design of the thermostat implies the presence of a rod made of a special material that reacts to a decrease or increase in the temperature of the coolant. In the process of changing the parameters of the coolant, the thermostat is lengthened or shortened, while regulating the gas supply to the main burner.

Often, a draft and flame sensor is included in the set of mechanical automation. These units are very important for the safe operation of the boiler. They turn off the gas supply if the burner flame goes out or the draft level decreases. Such sensors are often bimetallic plates that change their shape under the influence of temperature, thereby regulating the fuel supply in the system.

Electronic automation

Electronic automation for a gas boiler is distinguished by the complexity of designs and the variety of functions performed, among which the following are worth noting:

Creation of safe conditions for the operation of heating equipment;

Ensuring maximum comfort in a heated room;

Increasing the efficiency of the system;

Improvement of environmental performance;

Programming the boiler operation depending on the time of day or day of the week;

Weather-dependent regulation of the boiler;

Automation of control of various circuits of the heating system;

Heating of the heat carrier for domestic needs.

All modern electronic devices operate on the basis of the solenoid valve principle, which is controlled by a microprocessor unit. Boilers with such gas automation are equipped with a special display, with which one or another mode is selected. Compliance with the conditions specified by the user will be “monitored” by gas automation for boilers.

The standard list of functions that such equipment performs is as follows:

Automatic start of the boiler;

Burner power control based on information provided by built-in sensors;

Stopping equipment;

Emergency stop of equipment in case of detection of a certain problem.

In addition, some manufacturers, in an effort to expand the functionality of the equipment they offer, complete it with an antifreeze system, pump and three-way valve jamming protection, a troubleshooting system and a pump overrun. Among the most common electronic automation components for a gas boiler, an electronic controller, gas pressure switch, gas fittings, valves, and a display should be highlighted. In some cases, advanced technology is equipped with a pressure switch and a water level sensor.

Non-volatile boilers are not as expensive as units equipped with electronics. That is why a potential buyer, before making a final choice, needs to decide what he expects from a gas boiler. If you nevertheless decide to purchase a volatile unit that can give you maximum comfort, then make sure that you can provide the boiler with uninterrupted power from the mains or from a generator. Otherwise, the technique simply will not be able to continuously perform the functions assigned to it.

Types of automation for gas heating boilers

Attention! This system provides for the possibility of connecting a room thermostat, with the help of which the set temperature in the heated room is automatically provided.

The functions of modern automatic control systems have long been not limited to controlling the start and stop of the boiler, but also effectively provide diagnostics, signaling and power control of the heating installation.

The operation of absolutely any heating equipment is based on a uniform and constant supply of fuel. This is especially true for equipment running on natural gas, since there are problems with gas pressure in domestic supply networks. That is why it is important that all the processes occurring in the boiler, and in particular the gas supply to the burner, be monitored by automation.

What types of automation exist

All products that are currently produced in the category "automatic control systems for heating boilers" are divided into only two groups, namely:

volatile types.

non-volatile types.

Volatile devices need 12 V electricity to work, while the second type works without it.

Volatile automation

Volatile automatics for heating gas boilers are electronic devices whose main task is to regulate the supply of natural gas by closing or opening a tap. This device is quite complex, and manufacturers endow it with a number of additional functions. So, what can an automatic electronic network do:

Visually show the operation of the boiler itself, the temperature of the heated water, and so on.

In the case of a programmed mode or in emergency situations, stop the operation of the boiler.

Using the installed temperature sensor, adjust the burner power.

Start the boiler in automatic mode.

Open or close the gas supply valve.

Independently diagnoses heating, and detects malfunctions of parts and elements.

Protects the heating system in case the three-way valve fails.

Protects the heating system from freezing. In the event of a sharp drop in temperature inside the house, the automation quickly starts the heating boiler.

Controls and controls the operation of the pump.

So it turns out that this type is a safety automation for gas heating boilers. It is the use of these blocks that guarantees that the boiler will work without jumps, smoothly, in compliance with the exact temperature regime, and at the same time will not create problems during long-term use.

Particular attention should be paid to the diagnostic system. Its presence helps to prevent the occurrence of serious malfunctions. Accordingly, this allows you to save a lot on the overhaul of equipment.

Today, the market offers a variety of volatile devices. These are both programmable blocks and conventional ones that do not have program control. The convenience of the first is that you can set the desired temperature for a long period of time, about a week. After looking at the weather forecast, you can set the desired temperature for each of the following days, which will allow you to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house. In addition, these blocks allow you to program the temperature for day and night.

Non-volatile automation

Non-volatile types of automation include mechanical devices for monitoring and regulating gas combustion in heating boilers. When it is necessary to choose from two groups of automation, many consumers prefer the mechanical option. What is the reason?

These designs are the cheapest.

They have a manual setting, and this allows even people who are poorly versed in this to understand the regulation.

The autonomy of such blocks, since their operation does not require a network connection. Even if the electricity is turned off for a period, it will be easy to regulate the gas boiler.

What is the essence of manual tuning? The device has a temperature scale from minimum to maximum. When you set the regulator arrow to a certain level, you set it to the boiler. After the boiler is ignited, the thermostat comes into play, which will regulate the set temperature level by opening or closing the fuel supply valve.

The thermocouple for a gas boiler built into the heat exchanger directly touches the coolant, and incorporates a special rod, which is made of a material that reacts to temperature changes. The main material for it is invar, which is an alloy of nickel and iron. Under the influence of temperature, the rod begins to lengthen or shorten. It is connected to a valve, which, under the influence of this rod, regulates the gas supply to the burner.

Today, manufacturers add two sensors to the mechanical automation unit:

Flame sensor.

Traction sensor.

Both devices immediately turn off the gas supply to the boiler if the pressure in the pipe drops sharply, or the draft suddenly drops in the chimney. The device of these sensors is based on the bending of a thin plate made of an alloy of two metals. For example, if the temperature is high, the plates buckle and hold the valve open. As soon as the flame has decreased, the plate straightens out and closes the valve. The same thing happens in the chimney with a draft sensor.

Automatic multiblocks

Today, thanks to scientific and technological progress, we can use devices that, despite their compact size, have wide functionality. This also applies to automation for gas boilers. Manufacturers offer users multiblocks that include:

Burner valve. Usually this device has a two-stage action.

Stabilizing gas pressure device.

Traction sensor.

Thermal sensor.

Temperature controller.

Combined gas valve.

Pay attention to the first valve. This device works in conjunction with a thermostat, which, using a temperature sensor, directly in the heating circuit controls the temperature of the coolant. This type of mini-block can be paired with a thermostat installed in the room. The thermostat controls the air temperature, and, accordingly, the temperature regime for the gas boiler. The use of such a bundle helps to adjust the operation of the heating boiler much more accurately.

Installation methods

Wireless blocks.

wire blocks.

What is the difference is easy to understand from the name itself. Wired units use wires or cables to connect to the boiler. This applies in particular to thermostats and sensors. If the installation is carried out in an already finished house, this option is not the best, since for installation it will be necessary to make open or hidden wiring. If the hidden option is chosen, then it will be necessary to ditch the walls, which will bring unnecessary costs. The wireless option is a much better solution, but also more expensive.
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