Kuznetsov's heating and cooking stove. Kuznetsov's stoves, their types and features. Prices for ceramic bricks of strength grade M150

The principle of operation of Kuznetsov's devices takes into account the natural properties of hot air and gases released during fuel combustion. The design of a brick stove is different in that the smoke is trapped inside the oven itself. For this, a so-called bell is equipped - a combustion chamber, which is a closed dome, where the hottest air rises, displacing the cooling air through the lower side outlet.

Photo 1. Scheme of Kuznetsov's bell-type furnace, the features of the movement of gas flows in the device are shown.

The ventilation hole under the bottom of the firebox ensures a constant flow of cold air. Due to the fact that the hot air is retained in the stove as long as possible, the heat transfer efficiency increases three times compared to other similar devices.

The designers also tried to achieve such results in the case of traditional stoves - for this, models with a system of chimney ducts were developed. They also retain hot air inside the device, but the elongation of the chimney naturally worsens the hood, therefore, the heating efficiency does not increase much.

In the case of Kuznetsov's devices, the thrust is not disturbed, and hot air is not retained by increasing the length of the channel. It happens due to the natural properties of hot gases to rise and displace colder ones. The dimensions of this type of stove can vary depending on the required power and the area of the room that needs to be heated. Models with one cap are usually compact and suitable for arranging a small country house.

Double bell oven

The most common option for high-quality heating of a private house is a Kuznetsov device with two hoods.

Its efficiency is much higher due to the longer retention of hot air.

The hoods made of heat-resistant bricks are located one above the other with a slight displacement - the air displaced from the first hood immediately enters the second, from which it already goes into the chimney.

The size of such a stove is directly dependent on the area of the house, it is even possible to build with an internal volume up to 5 cubic meters. m. The firebox usually occupies the entire base area, this helps to increase the heating capacity of the air in the furnace.

Reference. In the design of a two-bell furnace, special valves are often installed to isolate the second bell and reduce the heat transfer of the device. It's necessary in the warmer season when a large heating power is no longer required.

When using valves, hot air from the first bell is directed directly into the chimney.

Heating and cooking version of the device

A feature of this design will be the changed location of the first cap - it is made protruding and a hob is installed in its arch, most often made of cast iron.

The stove must necessarily be solid, since due to the design, the smoke is not drawn out of the hood, therefore it will inevitably enter the room through the split burners.

Sometimes a stove is also installed above the second bell - it does not heat up so much and cannot serve for cooking, but it will be an excellent tool for drying vegetables, fruits, mushrooms and herbs... There is often a niche for storing the logs and drying them before use.

With a bread chamber

This option almost does not differ from a standard heating and cooking oven, but additionally equipped with an oven, mounted in the space of the first hood. The chamber is usually made of cast iron or extra strong steel, lined with fireclay bricks from the inside to provide a softer heat for baking.

In addition to the bread chamber, it is often installed water heating tank- the area of the second hood is also suitable for this. Depending on the number of additional functions, the size of the furnace will increase, it will require high fuel costs.

Kuznetsov's stove for a bath

According to the principle of operation, the sauna stove does not differ from the options described above. But still she has several features:

mounted in the lower cover of the device pallet with stones;
the device provides access for water and steam outlet holes;
possesses thicker walls for maximum heating of stones and to avoid overheating of the room.

Furnace drawings

Photo 2. Drawing and ordering of Kuznetsov's two-bell furnace. The device is presented in one piece and in section.

Photo 3. Drawing of Kuznetsov's bell-type furnace. The device is also equipped with a chimney duct system.

DIY construction, ordering the device

Before undertaking work, it is necessary to correctly calculate the design of the device, for this, the following factors are taken into account:

Furnace power- depends on the total area of the room and the quality of its thermal insulation.
Number of caps- in Kuznetsov furnaces, they are often made three or more, which significantly increases the heating efficiency, almost without requiring unnecessary fuel consumption. Only the change in the massiveness of the device is taken into account.
The main function of the furnace- whether the device will be used only for heating or if additional features are needed: cooking, heating water.

Photo 4. Step-by-step ordering of the Kuznetsov furnace. The device is also shown in finished form from different angles.

A common option for construction is a two-bell oven with a hob... It is functional with a fairly compact size and is well suited for placement in small country houses.

Materials (edit)

A very high temperature develops inside the area of the hoods, therefore only suitable for laying the appliance refractory brick and fireclay clay with fine sand for masonry mortar. Homemade mixture is often recommended to be replaced ready-made mixtures from hardware stores- this reduces the risk of the hood cracking during operation and losing its sealing.

For laying out the outer walls and upper tiers, ordinary ceramic bricks with a density M150 and cement mortar.

When working, one must not forget that laying ordinary and fireclay bricks in one row is excluded - they have different expansion rates and during operation the masonry will collapse.

In addition to masonry materials, you will need to purchase additional elements- metal corners, doors and hinges, latches, hob. All of this is available for purchase in specialized stores. You will need reinforced wire to tie the masonry.

Instruments

For all types of work you need to prepare a set of tools in advance:

a container for preparing a solution and a shovel for mixing it;
kiln hammer-pick for breaking bricks;
grinder with stone cutting disc;
wire-cutting pliers and scissors;
mortar trowel;
rule for leveling;
protective gloves and goggles.

To check the correctness of the masonry, you will also need various measuring instruments: tape measure, building level, plumb lines, cords, etc.

Site preparation

The construction of a brick kiln always starts with the equipment of the base. Under blacksmithing a standard type foundation is suitable- depth half a meter and with the parties that go beyond the boundaries of the perimeter of the future masonry on 10 cm. Operating procedure:

The pit is being prepared, the bottom is on 15-20 cm closes the drainage - a layer of sand and broken rubble.
On a well-rammed drainage, a wooden formwork is placed, protruding above the surface for 20 cm.
The foundation is poured with a concrete mixture and left to harden.
After the correct laying of the foundation, a flat platform is obtained, protruding above the floor surface by 10-15 cm(depends on shrinkage).

The surface of the base is closed a layer of waterproofing(roofing material works well), then fit reflective layer metal industrial foil. In the case of the construction of a blacksmithing, the heat from the furnace will be stronger than from conventional appliances, especially in the lower tier, so the foundation is protected from overheating.

Walls adjacent to the future location of the device are closed thermal insulation material, it is recommended to fill a metal sheet on the floor in front of the firebox to avoid the risk of fire from falling out coals. The location of the chimney is calculated in advance - it is not recommended to place it next to the roof ridge.

Masonry

After the foundation has been prepared, work begins on the construction of the device itself:

The solution is mixed in the prepared container- before starting work, the clay is soaked for two days. In addition to a shovel, using a construction mixer will be effective for mixing.
When performing masonry, it is recommended first lay each row on a dry surface to accurately measure the brick cut. The first row of the base is made solid.
Starting from the second row the blower is laid out, and then the area of the first cap. If necessary, hinges for the fire door are installed. Every third row the masonry is tied with a wire, the cut pieces of which are laid in the solution.
Inner part of the firebox laid out with fireclay bricks, outdoor- conventional ceramic. There is no binder solution between these layers, a small gap is left. Bricks from two rows should also not protrude, intersect with an adjacent layer.
Inside the vault of the first bell, on the fireclay brick supports is installed hob cast iron surface, which is hermetically fixed with a solution.
After completing the vault first cap, begins laying out the base for the second with a slight offset ( per hob width).
Laid out second cap, chimney column, valves are installed to isolate the second level in the summer.

After laying the pommel and installing the chimney pipe, the finished stove is left to dry, which takes at least a month. The first two weeks the device dries with open windows and doors, starting from the third week produce gradual heating, increasing the volume of fuel until it reaches a full-fledged bookmark.

Possible difficulties

Blacksmith's masonry has some specific features, therefore in the absence of experience, mistakes are often made:

No gap is left between the walls of the firebox and the outer- fireclay brick expands when heated, so it can destroy the masonry.
No wire is used to tie the masonry- due to the higher degree of heating, the walls of the furnace may crack.
No clearance left when installing metal parts- also leads to expansion of the metal with strong heating and the appearance of cracks.
Incorrect heating disrupt the process of drying the masonry and lead to deformations and cracks.
The correct thermal insulation has not been carried out walls and ceilings (in the place where the chimney is installed) - due to the high heating temperature, the risk of fires in the case of using a blacksmith is higher than that of a simple stove.

Due to the very high temperatures inside the combustion chamber, most of the ash and soot burns out, thus reducing the frequency of cleaning.

One of the advantages of blacksmithing is the choice any currently available solid fuel: firewood, dry lumps of peat, sawdust.

With minor design changes, it is possible to install a heating system with gas or electricity. It is available to connect the furnace to the water circuit, which will allow high-quality heating of remote rooms. The undoubted advantage will be relatively low cost of materials, the ability to perform all stages of work independently.

When building or buying a country house, first of all, the issue of heating is taken into account. It all depends on how often you plan to use the premises for living. Let's consider just one example, when it is decided to spend only weekends in a country house, in other cases the proposed options are irrelevant.

Content:

Fireplace stove

The classic version is Kuznetsov's fireplace stove. The stove is used everywhere, its versatility, design and execution options are time-tested. The oven maintenance mode assumes a two-time firebox per day. The morning firebox of the stove to provide warmth in the house for the whole day, is also designed for possible cooking. In the evening, the stove is heated for night heating. The average village house for the winter period requires harvesting about 5-10 cubic meters of wood. We subtract working days, in the end we have the result - two cubes of firewood for the winter. Not so much, in general.

Furnace differences

The Kuznetsov furnace does not have any special fundamental differences from other furnaces. The traditional tiling gives it an attractive look and a constant reminder of the Christmas holidays. Tiles are made by hand, piece by piece - the cost of such a stove, respectively, is an order of magnitude higher.

Furnace heating

Any well-folded stove gives even and comfortable warmth throughout the house. The process of heating the stove adds positive emotions to the time spent in a country house.

Fireplace functions

Fireplace - as a type of heating, should be considered only for a single room. Undoubtedly, it is part of the interior of the living room and is not able to heat the whole house. There are two types of fireplaces: with an open firebox and protected by fireproof glass. The fireplace gives the effect of heat almost immediately, but it cools down without additional lining of fuel after an hour. Dry wood burns well and quickly. Kuznetsova also exists.

Description of the Kuznetsov fireplace stove

Stoves and fireplaces are usually built of ceramic kiln bricks, without the use of cement, which enhances their buffer properties of accumulation and uniform heat transfer. Additionally, the furnaces are equipped with a multi-pass system for removing hot gases, which reduces heat loss.

Chimney

Any device that runs on solid fuel provides for the removal of flue gases, that is, chimneys. This also applies to small stoves, under the common popular name "potbelly stove". In a homemade version, they are a cut of large-diameter pipes and are equipped with stove attributes. They are also produced in cast iron, with a good cast design. Extremely gluttonous and fire hazardous.

It should be noted that it is necessary to strengthen fire safety measures when using open fire. Elementary skills in using ovens are unconditional.

Construction scheme

Video

I. V. Kuznetsov is a man who devoted his whole life to the design of stoves. He invented a huge number of new designs, and also worked on improving them. His activities in this area began in 1962. At the beginning of his work, he needed almost no advertising. The fame came thanks to the positive feedback from customers. Today Kuznetsov has his own website and a team of like-minded people. The site contains numerous designs developed personally by I. V. Kuznetsov using his special technology. Let's take a closer look at this technology, because it is great for the construction of stoves in modern dwellings, since it provides both high-quality furnishing of the premises and gives a certain zest to its appearance.

The main indicator that I.V.Kuznetsov was striving for in his developments is improving the efficiency of the furnace... Depending on the purpose of the thermal devices, they were equipped with improved capabilities. Some have increased heat conservation, others have changed the furnace, or added equipment. The quality of these structures is proven by their fame and long-term operation. Many, in order to save money, but knowing about the positive reviews of Kuznetsov's stoves, undertake to make them with their own hands. This is possible if the procedures are strictly followed and the correct materials are used.

Features of Kuznetsov furnaces

As previously mentioned, the main thing in Kuznetsov's developments is efficiency and productivity. Scientifically speaking, this is a high value of efficiency. The difference between these ovens is fundamentally new and perfect development... The internal gas movement system is thought out most competently. Hot air stays in the furnace longer and stores heat, and cold air quickly flies into the chimney through a special depression. These ovens are called " bell-type". This name was formed because inside it, according to the project, they make a kind of "bell" - the union of the hearth and the lower part of the furnace. It acts as a separator between hot and cold gases. The hot ones rise into the bell and stay in it, concentrating the heat. The combustion temperature in such a bell is much higher, due to which 95% efficiency is obtained. For a simple comparison, it should be noted that the traditional Russian stove has a value of 25-40%. Used in the furnaces of I. V. Kuznetsov free gas movement system, is more natural, limits the formation of soot, and optimizes uniform heating and oven operation.

Other benefits follow from this:

uniform heating and heat transfer;
more places for installing a steel heating element;
burning without soot and smoke;
the need for cleaning is reduced tenfold;
low level of heat loss;
profitability;
resistance to cracking;
the opportunity to experiment with the shape and design of the oven.

Household stoves are different depending on their main purpose.

Cooking ovens created for cooking.
Heating used primarily for heating living quarters.
Sauna stoves respectively set in the bath.
Street there are both complexes and simple barbecues.
Bread... They are often combined with cooking and others.
The purpose of fireplace stoves is primarily aesthetic.

And this is not the whole list of the variety of stoves for various special purposes, the designs of which were developed by Kuznetsov. In addition, there is a convenient opportunity to create mixed views using several functions. And even the creation of entire multifunctional complexes. For example, heating and cooking stoves are very popular in everyday life.

How to build a Kuznetsov furnace yourself

Before implementing the idea to make a Kuznetsov oven with your own hands, you need to decide on what function should it perform... Kuznetsov has developed more than 150 drawings of heating devices, so it will not be difficult to decide and choose the option that suits you. We will consider the option simple heating stove.

Study the plan of the room in which you are going to install it. If the house has not yet been built, plan the placement so that every room was equally heated... It is not advisable to integrate heating into a finished house, but it is possible if necessary. In this case, the location of the beams and supporting structures must be taken into account when organizing the place for the chimney.

Then think about preparation of the foundation... It is made of concrete, 10 cm wider than the planned size of the oven. If possible, it is better to plan the foundation for the stove in advance in the process of building a house. Foundation laying operation laborious... Therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, invite a specialist to this stage.

Basic rules to know

The refractory shell inside the furnace should, as it were, hang in the air, be free from all sides. This is necessary because the brick expands during heating.
Not always visible in the drawings, but the internal refractory the laying is always done on the edge... This applies to fireclay bricks. Clay bricks on the posts and inner walls are placed at the discretion of the master.
Every two rows of bricks you need strengthen the ligament by laying the wire.
Metal elements, doors and other appliances must be installed, leaving room for possible expansion... A special gasket is placed between the brick and the metal element.
Desirable process a brick at the end of construction with a refractory composition.
The first kindling starts with minimum temperature and with further gradual heating.

Ordering

Laying the oven on your own for a person with hands is a feasible task. Anyone can understand the principle of operation of the oven, it is not difficult. But to create a high-quality oven, you should still unquestioningly use drawings and orders... Ordering is a set of drawings depicting the step-by-step layout of the furnace, for each row of bricks separately. It is not recommended to arbitrarily change something in the drawings. And even more so, you shouldn't do this if you are taking on such work for the first time. Kuznetsov has spent many years of hard work and painstaking work to create hundreds of perfect and proven blueprints. You just have to choose and get down to business.

What materials do you need

Indoor brick... Refractory fireclay bricks are used. It is best to calculate the required amount yourself according to the drawing. It is not so much needed for a simple design. Some, due to limited financial resources, do not use fireclay bricks. This is permissible.
Outdoor brick... That is, ordinary clay brick, the acceptable grade is M150. It is better not to use bricks of lower quality for the construction of heating appliances.
Clay (100-130 kg). It is desirable to purchase it of good quality, especially since there is now a wide range of decent material in stores. The choice of low-quality materials can negatively affect the first firing of the finished furnace. Such a solution will crack easily.
Refined sand. Usually sand is taken twice as much as clay. You can buy ready-made clay-sand mortar in the store. So you will not go wrong with the proportion. A mixture of clay and sand for 500 bricks needs about 0.2 cubic meters. m.
Metal fittings. This is a gate valve, furnace and blower doors, a grate, 5 meters of wire and two steel corners.

Here is an ordering option Kuznetsov's bell-type furnace... It can be used for self-laying of a household heating stove at home without special training. Each row of bricks should be laid out according to the images in numbered order. At the same time, do not forget about previously described rules. This oven is one of the easiest to make and versatile in daily home use.

There are few features for building this particular project. Here, the channel between the first and second tiers is made in a quarter of a brick to lengthen the firebox. And on row 21 you need to leave two narrow passages on the sides of the inner walls. They are needed to ignite the stove. That's all a beginner master needs to know. And having done your first job, you will understand that it is simple and understandable. The main thing is not to be afraid to start, and it will go by itself.

Then you can make a more complicated design yourself. Kuznetsov developed so many various interesting options that you will certainly want to bring to life more than one of them.

IV Kuznetsov devoted his whole life to the design of furnace structures. Since 1962, he has created the most efficient and economical ovens, which are still in high demand even after more than half a century.

Today, the inventor has more than 150 furnace options, many of which have very high efficiency rates - over 90%. IV Kuznetsov continues his activity, working with a team of professionals and having his own website.

Design features

All Kuznetsov furnaces use the same operating principle, which involves the separation of combustion products. The gas formed as a result of fuel combustion is divided into two streams: hot and cold. The unique bell-type design works in such a way as to trap hot air in the structure, leading cold air to the chimney through a specially designed duct.

During the operation of the furnace, a higher temperature is formed in the bell, and due to the design features, uniform heat distribution occurs, and the efficiency increases to 85-95%.

Important! An ordinary "potbelly stove" boasts an efficiency of no more than 35-40%. Such low rates can be explained as follows: warm air, without encountering any obstacles in its path, enters the pipe vertically upward, absolutely not lingering in the system. In the units designed by Kuznetsov, hot air remains inside the furnace for as long as possible, contributing to its efficient heating.

In some variants of furnace structures, the chimney is lengthened, as an attempt to solve the problem of the rapid removal of hot gases. But in this case, a significant reduction in thrust is possible, as a result of which the efficiency may decrease even more. Therefore, the primary task pursued by Kuznetsov was to increase heat transfer without disrupting traction.

Features of furnace designs

As mentioned above, the Kuznetsov furnace can have various modifications. Depending on the functionality, such constructions can be:

Heating which are used only for space heating.
Cooking- are intended for cooking.
Fireplaces- bearing a more decorative function, however, possessing a consistently high efficiency characteristic of all structures invented by I. V. Kuznetsov.
Street... These can be both simple barbecues and whole complexes.
Bread... Often, such designs are successfully combined with cooking.

Naturally, the most popular oven model is. Most often, the location of the firebox in such structures is located near the floor. Thus, bottom heating is ensured, when hot air gradually rises to higher levels and heats the entire furnace structure at the same time.

Hot gas separation is carried out thanks to a special hood, which has a lower outlet. Thus, hot air rises up, warming up the stove, and cold air settles on the bell and is discharged through this hole. This circulation takes place continuously, until the wood in the firebox burns out.

Important! Such bottom heating contributes to the heating of the floors, and not only next to the furnace structure, but practically in the entire room. Thus, the room is heated more efficiently, and the overall heat transfer is improved.

Some experts argue that the Kuznetsov method is ineffective due to the deterioration of the thrust during air separation. But in practice this is not the case, because the basis for the effectiveness of such furnace structures is the retention of warm air without disrupting the traction process.

Advice! It is possible to use the Kuznetsov oven not only for cooking and heating the room, but also for obtaining hot water. For this, a heat exchanger made of cast iron or steel is placed on the back of the bell.

The effectiveness of the bell method

Let us consider in more detail why the bell-type furnace has such a high efficiency:

The bell is located immediately behind the firebox, so hot gas enters the bell instantly, maintaining its high temperature.

Since all combustion products enter the bell, the processing time increases, and the chimney is protected from soot deposits. For this reason, the Kuznetsov oven does not require frequent cleaning, which is another advantage of it.
The location of the heat exchanger outside the furnace does not contribute to the intake of heat, and therefore does not reduce the efficiency.

Advice! An increase in the number of bells in one furnace leads to a proportional increase in efficiency, since in this case the hot air encounters more obstacles on its way, and, accordingly, is present in the furnace structure for a longer time.

Furnace construction process

The laying of such a furnace presupposes the obligatory presence of its scheme. Do-it-yourself ordering shows in stages the entire process of erecting this structure. To work, you will need 755 pieces of solid red bricks and 65 pieces of fireclay. You also need 150 kg of sand and 135 kg of medium-fraction refractory clay to prepare the solution.

Advice! Immediately before laying, it is necessary to manually check all bricks for defects. If chips, hollow cracks, etc. are found on the surface of the material, then it must be rejected.

Foundation

Any brick oven needs a solid foundation. The foundation can be of two types:

Home related. This is the best option, but it should be considered only in the case of the simultaneous construction of a house and a stove.

Advice! If the stove is being built some time after the construction of the house, then you should not try to connect its foundation with the foundation of the house.

Separate base for the stove.

The foundation must be protected from groundwater, for which roofing material or bitumen insulation is used.

Furnace construction process

Having the drawings of the furnace, you can proceed to the construction of the structure. This process is carried out in accordance with the order:

For optimal convection, the furnace designer recommends making the lower part thicker. However, two rows of bricks are sufficient. Therefore, two rows are laid out in solid, after each of them a careful measurement of the angles is carried out.

Advice! For greater strength, each even row should be fixed with steel wire.

From the third row, the laying out of the blower and ash pan begins.
Further, in accordance with the order, internal partitions and a wall made of fireclay bricks are built, located between the stove and the blower.
Laying out the fifth row, we mount the cast iron grate. A small deformation gap (about 5 mm) should be left between the grate and the wall. The grille itself is mounted at a slight angle in relation to the door.

Advice! The thickness of the grate should be selected based on the size of the logs planned to be loaded into the chamber.

The fuel chamber door is also installed in the fifth row. It must be revetted with fireclay refractory bricks ( laying is done on the edge). This process is called lining and is designed to protect the furnace walls from elevated temperatures.

The 16th row is laid out in such a way as to completely close the chamber by installing the cap.
From the 17th row, the second chamber begins to lay on top of the first.

Further, the calculation continues with respect to the ordering. On the 26th row, it is necessary to completely close the upper part of the furnace with a brick.

Important! The operation of the furnace should be checked no earlier than a day after construction. A test run is carried out with a minimum of fuel. The structure should be warmed up slowly.

Conclusion

The Kuznetsov furnace has a very high efficiency and can be used for various needs. But the most popular design remains the heating and cooking room. Having a plan of ordering, you can build it yourself, in which the above instructions will come in handy for home craftsmen.

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The stoves, who do their job professionally, believe that Kuznetsov's heating stoves, the drawings of which we will consider in this article, have deservedly received recognition. Their creator I. V. Kuznetsov devoted his entire career, which began in 1962, to his favorite pastime, namely the design of new structures and their improvement.

The designer gained fame as a result of numerous positive reviews from clients and customers. Now Kuznetsov has a team of like-minded people and his own website, which presents various options for design solutions, developed by him personally using a special technology.

Do-it-yourself Kuznetsov stove can be installed in modern residential buildings. Its design solutions allow not only to heat the premises with high quality, but also to give the interior a peculiarity and uniqueness with its appearance, which can be seen by looking at the provided photo.

While developing new heating units, Kuznetsov strove to improve the main indicator of their performance - efficient heating. Depending on the purpose of the structures, certain indicators were improved for them. In some models, the furnace was modernized, in others, heat saving was increased, and in the third, equipment was added, as evidenced by the drawings on the Kuznetsov furnace.

The proof of the high quality of the structures is the popularity of the heating units, their demand and long-term operation.

Such work can be done with your own hands, but on condition that the owner of the house will use and use only the recommended quality materials.

Features of the Kuznetsov furnace

Since the main goal of Kuznetsov's developments was efficiency and productivity (he worked to increase the value of efficiency), this required a fundamentally new and perfect approach.

If you look at the drawings of Kuznetsov's stoves, every professional sees that he has thought out the most competently the system of internal gas movement. As a result, due to the structural solution, hot air is retained in the unit for a longer time and retains heat, and the cooled air masses quickly fly into the chimney through a special depression.

Such furnaces are called bell-type furnaces. Inside, they are united by the hearth and the lower part, creating a kind of hood. Its functional purpose is to separate hot and cold gases. The last of them rise into the cap and, lingering in it, concentrate the heat. The combustion temperature in such units is higher, and their efficiency is 95%. How much more efficient the functioning of the structures developed by Kuznetsov is, is evidenced by the fact that for a traditional Russian stove this figure is 25-40%. Read also: "".

From the above, the conclusion follows: the system of free movement of gases created by this master is more natural, it optimizes the operation of the device and uniform heating. In addition, the formation of soot is minimized.

In addition to these advantages, Kuznetsov furnaces have other positive aspects:

combustion takes place without soot and smoke;
heating is more uniform;
better heat transfer;
the need for cleaning is dozens of times less;
profitability;
there is more room for the steel heating element;
low level of heat loss;
resistance to cracking;
the ability to change the shape and design of the structure.

Kuznetsov furnaces: drawings and their variety

Kuznetsov, over the course of more than a dozen years, has developed many designs of furnaces for various purposes. You can build some of them yourself. This will require drawings and orders of the Kuznetsov furnaces.

Household stoves, depending on the main purpose, are divided into:

cooking constructions for cooking;
heating units for heating living quarters;
bath devices (read also: "");
street complexes and simple barbecues;
bread ovens, which are often combined with cooking structures -;
fireplaces that perform more aesthetic function.

It is possible to create mixed models of ovens that serve several purposes. As an example, we can cite heating and cooking constructions that are popular among consumers (in more detail: "").

DIY Kuznetsov furnace construction

Before making one of the heating devices, you need to decide on its purpose. Kuznetsov created more than 150 drawings of household appliances (read also: ""). It is not difficult to make a choice among a variety of models. When Kuznetsov furnaces are created, ordering is necessary. In this case, a simple version of a heating unit is shown as an example.

The sequence of actions is as follows:

First, they study the plan of the room where the installation of the heater is planned. In the event that the house has not been erected, it is necessary to ensure uniform heating of all rooms. It is undesirable to build a heating unit into a finished building, but if necessary, it is possible. But at the same time, the location of the supporting structures and beams should be taken into account when arranging the chimney.
Then the foundation for the heating device is prepared. It is made of concrete, while the width should exceed the size of the device by 10 centimeters. It is advisable to design the foundation for the oven at the planning stage of the house.

Basic rules for creating a heating stove

To make Kuznetsov's stoves, orders (masonry schemes) should be printed in advance.
The refractory shell located inside the furnace must be free on all sides, since the brick expands during the heating process.
Internal refractory masonry in the case of using fireclay bricks is always made on the edge. If the bricks are made of clay, on the inner walls and on the posts, they are laid at the discretion of the stove-maker.
To strengthen the bond, wire is laid every two brick rows.
When a Kuznetsov furnace is created, it provides that various elements (for example, doors) are installed in such a way that there is room for expansion. A special gasket is placed between the brick and the metal element.
After completion of the construction of a brick structure, it should be treated with a refractory compound.
The first kindling begins with the minimum temperature and then gradually increases.

Ordering the Kuznetsov furnace

Laying out the heating structure on your own is a completely solvable task, but you will need to order a Kuznetsov bath stove or another type of heating unit. The principle of operation of the heater is not so complicated that it is impossible to understand it (read also: "").

To create a high-quality heating unit, regardless of the bell version or Kuznetsov's stove for the bath, ordering will be required, like the general drawing. What is ordering? This is a set of drawings, which schematically depicts step by step, in detail for each row of bricks. You should not make any changes to them.

Materials for building a brick oven

Fireclay brick for interior masonry. You can count its amount according to the order. For a simple design, it will take a little.
Clay brick for outdoor masonry, when they are created, including Kuznetsov's bell-type furnaces - the order will help to find out its quantity. It is advisable to purchase products of the M150 brand.
Clay in the amount of 100-150 kilograms. It needs to be of good quality. Otherwise, during the first firing of the finished structure, the solution will crack.
Refined sand... It will take 2 times more than clay. Ready-made clay-sand mixtures are on sale. They are needed for 500 bricks of about 0.2 m³.
Metal fittings- grate, furnace and blower doors, 2 steel corners, 5 meters of wire.

Ordering samples

This article discusses the Kuznetsov order bell furnace, and more specifically one of its options. Each row should be laid out in numbered order in full accordance with the images. This oven is simple to implement and is a versatile solution for domestic use.

Similarly, when there is an ordering on the Kuznetsov stove for the bath, the laying can be done independently (read also: ""). After the work on creating a heating unit is completed for the first time, it becomes clear to each contractor that this is not difficult and quite doable.

Next time, it will be possible to make a more complex design without any problems. It can even be Kuznetsov's two-bell furnace - the order of one of the options for creating which, as an example, is available on the site. Perhaps in the future there will be a desire to make one of the many projects of the great master come true.

Video of the phased construction of the Kuznetsov furnace according to the drawings: