Heating of a 2-storey building. How to make heating in a two-story house correctly. System installation algorithm

The choice of heating scheme for a two-story house depends on its area and layout. The most familiar and widespread scheme for summer cottages and country houses is still a heating system with natural circulation of the coolant, which is not much different from the heating scheme of one-story houses.

The only feature of the natural circulation heating wiring diagram in a two-story house is the choice of a place for installing the expansion tank. There is no need to take it out to the attic and you can limit yourself to its location anywhere on the second floor (of course, at the highest point of the room), providing the ability to discharge the coolant.

With this method of connecting heating devices, the coolant enters them from above (upper wiring), which ensures uniform heating of radiators and heated rooms. To ensure the directed movement of the coolant, the pipes must be laid with a slope of 3-5 degrees, remembering that the diameter of the return pipeline should increase as it approaches the boiler.

The supply line can be laid under the ceiling or under windowsills. Examples of connecting radiators are shown in Figure 1.

Among the advantages of the heating scheme for a two-story house with natural circulation are:

Independence from power supply
Reliability
Ease of operation
Silent system operation

Unfortunately, there are many more disadvantages in a natural circulation heating system than advantages:

The complexity of installation and the need to lay pipes with a mandatory slope
Small heated area: the system simply does not have enough pressure to heat a two-story house with an area of more than 130 m2
Low efficiency
Large temperature difference between supply and return, which negatively affects the operation of the boiler
The presence of oxygen in the coolant and, as a result, internal corrosion of the system
The need to monitor the level of constantly evaporating coolant and add it. As a result, scale builds up on the pipes.
For the same reason, antifreeze must not be used.
High material consumption of the system

It is much more efficient to use heating systems with forced circulation of the coolant in a two-story house. In this case, the easiest way is to implement the following schemes:

One-pipe
Two-pipe
Collector

You can do them yourself

One-pipe heating scheme for a two-story house

With a one-pipe connection scheme for heating devices, the movement of the coolant is divided into two branches, one of which goes to the first floor, and the second to the second floor. On each floor, shut-off valves are installed at the entrance to the heating pipe, which allows only half of the premises to be heated.

After passing through the heating devices, the pipes with the coolant are again combined into one, going to the boiler. The connection of radiators on each floor is the same as for one-story buildings.

To regulate the heating level of radiators and to balance the system, shut-off valves are installed at the inlet of each heater. At the exit from the radiator, shut-off valves are also installed, designed to turn it off in case of replacement or repair. With this connection, the replacement of heating devices can be performed without stopping the entire system and draining the water. Also, on each radiator, an air vent is installed in its upper part.

Installation of radiators is carried out with a bypass line, which significantly increases the uniformity of heating the room. It is possible to mount heating devices without a bypass line, but in this case, it is necessary to install heating devices of different thermal power in the house, taking into account the loss of cooling of the coolant: the farther from the boiler, the more sections the radiator should have. If you do not follow this rule, then in some rooms it will be hot, while in others, on the contrary, it will be cold.

The heating scheme of a two-story house can be without shut-off valves, or rather, with a smaller amount, but at the same time its maneuverability is significantly reduced. In this case, it is no longer necessary to talk about separate heating of the first and second floors.

Advantages and disadvantages of a one-pipe heating system

One-pipe heating system is relatively easy to install
Its use provides efficient heat dissipation
A single-pipe heating system for a two-story house saves on materials.

The disadvantages of this type of heating system include the uneven distribution of heat over heating devices, as well as the need to balance the system.

All these shortcomings are devoid of a two-pipe heating system of a two-story house with forced circulation of the coolant.

Heating scheme with forced circulation of a two-story house

The two-pipe heating system of a two-story house with forced circulation provides an even distribution of heat and is a more efficient system, it is not for nothing that it is often compared to the human circulatory system. In it, the heated coolant is supplied to each heating device separately through a branch from a common supply pipe. An outlet is also provided for the return pipe from each radiator.

Radiators are installed with air vents and shut-off valves on the supply pipe, allowing you to change the degree of heating of the heater. For safety reasons and to avoid overpressure in the heater, no shut-off valves are installed on the return pipe outlet from the radiator. The supply pipe can be laid under the ceiling or under the windowsill.

The only drawback of a two-pipe heating system is its high material consumption: pipes are needed in double quantities for supply and return. In addition, pipes are difficult to decorate, and it is not always possible to hide them. The collector heating circuit is devoid of all these disadvantages.

Collector circuit for heating a two-story house

The collector circuit can be used with equal success to heat both one-story and two-story houses. It works only with forced movement of the coolant, which is preliminarily supplied to the collector. In this case, each heater is separately connected to the manifold through shut-off valves.

This connection method allows you to mount and dismantle heating devices on a working system, without stopping it and draining the coolant.

The system is easy to manage. Each of its circuits is independent and can be connected to a separate automatic control system with a separate circulation pump.
You can connect a warm floor
You can hide the pipes in the raised floor by placing the manifold in a separate cabinet
The heating system is easy to install and can be done "with your own hands"

What to give preference to

Any of the above schemes for heating a two-story house has been tested in practice and has repeatedly proven its effectiveness. There is no fundamental difference between them. It is much easier to implement in practice a collector heating circuit.

User questions:

What diameter of plastic pipes should be used in a two-pipe heating system of a two-story house?
With a forced circulation system, how to make wiring on the second floor so that the solid fuel boiler does not boil when the electricity is turned off
Which heating system is best for a three-story kindergarten?
Hello. Tell me please. One-storey house with a ground floor. At the level of the first floor, a boiler room is attached (the boiler is on the first floor, I want to note - NOT in the basement). How to properly assemble a one-pipe system, where to install a circulation pump
In accordance with which regulatory documents the choice of the heating system scheme is made (one-pipe, two-pipe, with bottom wiring, with top wiring, dead-end)
Hello. Two-storey house. On the ground floor there is an electric boiler and a sequential diagram for connecting radiators. The first floor has its own electric boiler, but the connection diagram is collector. It is possible to combine them and close them to one boiler. Both schemes have p
Hello! Double-pipe horizontal heating system with forced circulation. The house is two-storey. On the second floor there are 2 radiators. Can I power them from two different points on the ground floor?
Good day! Is it possible to combine a two-pipe and one-pipe system in the heating circuit? thanks
Is the battery bypass required? If so, what SNiP does it regulate?
hello, please tell me what pipe diameters you need to conduct heating lines for a two-storey building
Good day! I have a two-storey house on the second floor of 10 radiators, on the first 10 radiators! I bought a Ferroli floor boiler, and a pump, I want to make a forced heating system, two-pipe! Please tell me how? Thank you in advance, sincerely
I have a 2-storey house. On the ground floor there is heating without a pump. Second floor without heating. Is it possible to connect the second floor to the existing heating through a pump, and leave the first one without a pump? All heating from one boiler. If so, how?
Good afternoon! Tell me please! My husband and I built a house ourselves without involving others. But we cannot decide on heating. The house of the 2nd floor has a boiler room attached at the 1st floor. From heating we want to get the following: on the 1st floor, underfloor heating and batteries, 2nd floor only
Good day. A suspended boiler, two-pipe system polypropylene 25 mm. I built an attic. On the second floor, builders launched a metal-plastic pipe 20. Two batteries, a single tube. The second floor does not heat up at all. HOW CAN I CORRECT? THANKS.

In order to make heating of residential and auxiliary premises in a private two-story house, it is necessary to correctly and competently approach this matter. And the owner of the facility will have to choose the most optimal option based on his own capabilities and the type of fuel that is available in the area where he lives.

Often preference is given to water heating system, and recently, air heating has also gained popularity. As a basis, one should take a typical heating scheme for a two-story house, and already alter it to fit the needs of the existing facility. At the same time, you will need to turn to the services of specialists, since making changes to the project with your own hands is not an easy task, and attempts to do something on your own may in the future turn into serious problems during operation.

So that you understand - the heating system is a whole complex, which includes a boiler, pipelines, heating radiators, fittings, various control sensors, etc. Only the right combination of these elements and the optimal heating scheme will provide a comfortable microclimate in the premises, and thereby reduce the cost of heating the entire house as a whole.

Heating systems can divided into several types:

one-pipe and two-pipe;
with bottom and top wiring;
with horizontal and vertical risers;
with dead-end and main water traffic;
with forced and natural circulation.

For heating two-story houses, the last option will be the most optimal, which requires a boiler, a manifold, a pipeline, heating devices and an expansion tank. The pump circulates water. The type of fuel for the boiler does not matter - it can be coal, gas, wood or electricity... If you have a gas pipeline nearby, then ideally it would be to install a gas boiler, since this is the most economical unit.

Wiring systems for two-story houses

For heating two-story houses, you can use one-, two-pipe and collector wiring. If you choose a project with a one-pipe system, then adjusting the temperature in the premises will be a rather difficult task, since it is impossible to shut off one of the radiators while the other devices are operating. It implies the sequential circulation of the coolant from the device to the device.

As for the two-pipe, it is more versatile and ideal for heating a private two-story house. The implementation of such a system is simple - for each device of the heating system two pipes are connected- one of them is responsible for supplying hot water, and the second comes out cooled. But unlike a one-pipe system, such a scheme differs in the order of connecting heating units, and therefore, in order to increase its efficiency, experts recommend installing a regulating tank in front of each radiator.

Regardless of the size of the house, for a 2-storey building, there will be enough distance between the top point of the supply line and the center to ensure normal water circulation. Thus, the installation of an expansion tank will be possible not only in the attic, but also on the upper floor. And the pipes themselves can be mounted under windowsills or ceilings.

In addition, a two-pipe system with a circulation pump also allows you to implement a "warm" floor system, as well as connect heated towel rails on each floor and other devices of this class. But more about them later.

This is one of the most common questions, especially for those who plan to make heating in a private house with their own hands. Let's say if your house has basement or attic, then it will be possible to make a heating system with both upper and lower piping. But there are a few points:

An approximate wiring diagram for a two-story house

Let's look at an example of a hot water heating scheme for a typical two-story building, where manual temperature control will be provided in each room. Such a system is mounted using a horizontal installation of two pipes, and heating radiators will have a side connection.

It is advisable to use pipes made of metal-plastic because they are characterized by high strength and durability. For the installation of metal-plastic pipes, no special skills are required, and therefore all the work can be done by hand. Among their advantages, it is worth noting the following:

corrosion resistance;
there are almost never blockages in polymer products;
affordable price;
all work is carried out using threaded and press connections, and a special soldering iron is not required.

The only drawback is the high coefficient of thermal expansion, which can cause leaks in case of improper installation and operation.

Of course, no one forbids the use of polypropylene pipes, but in the case of them, you will need a special soldering iron of considerable exposure, since in no case should you make mistakes when soldering.

Steel pipes are practically unclaimed for the organization of heating in private houses, since the material is extremely unstable to corrosion. In some cases, can be applied galvanized or stainless steel pipes, and for their connection, threaded connections are used, but for such work, appropriate skills and equipment are required. If you have enough money, you can buy copper pipes that will also serve your grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

When drawing up a heating project for a two-story house, you should carefully calculate the required number of adjustable, corner and connecting elements of the system, as well as mark the installation locations of plugs with taps. Similarly, the number of radiators and their sections should be determined. At the same time, do not forget about the mounting brackets for installing radiators, which can be calculated by determining its size.

The diagram should include the installation locations of the expansion tank, pump and the boiler itself. As mentioned above, you can choose any boiler, but at the same time you need to be guided by what fuel is most in demand in your area and, of course, your own capabilities. Usually in new houses already have been using gas for a long time because solid fuels have a low level of environmental friendliness.

If the dimensions of the boiler are small, then it is quite possible to place it directly in the house, for example, in a storeroom or workshop. Modern boilers can be hung directly on the wall, which saves a lot of space. It is not recommended to install it in bedrooms or other living areas as it can generate noise during operation. For large-sized boilers, a separate room or even an entire extension near the house should be equipped.

Collector systems

For heating two-story houses, you can also use a collector system on a two-pipe basis. In this case, it is assumed that the supply and return collectors are installed in special cabinets. Supply manifold will collect and distribute hot water to the radiator through pipes running along the walls. The main advantage is the possibility of hidden installation of all systems. Also, their advantages include the fact that installation work can be done by hand, even without special skills.

The heating itself can be carried out both on two floors, and on one, while the boiler is installed on the first floor, and on the second - an expansion tank. Hot water pipes are installed under windowsills or ceilings, and each radiator must have a separate control valve.

Each radiator is connected to a manifold, i.e. the heating system will be with forced circulation of water, which will minimize the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet, and significantly simplify the system, making it more compact, which will significantly save on materials. Ball valves allow you to exclude any radiator from the system without disrupting the operation of the heating system as a whole. In fact, with a collector system, each heating circuit is independent, and, if necessary, can be equipped with its own pump, taps and automation.

"Warm floor

For the rational distribution of heat when heating a 2-storey building, it is worth include "warm" floor in the scheme and system... As you know, warm air rises up, while cold air remains below. Accordingly, such a system will help to retain warm air below, and not uselessly give it to the roof.

The installation of the system should be carried out already during a major overhaul, since the pipes are laid in a cement-sand screed. Of course, this can also be done after, using heat distribution plates made of aluminum, which ensure uniform heating of the floor. Accordingly, for underfloor heating on one floor in several rooms, the collector connection, which was mentioned above, is used. Among the advantages of such a system it is worth highlighting the following:

rational distribution of heat;
comfort in winter;
low water temperature required for system operation.

Finally, it remains to add that the heating scheme must fully comply with the profile documentation, and be certified by the relevant authorities. If you doubt something, then entrust all the work to specialists.

Before every homeowner who decides to correctly make heating in his two-story house, the question of choosing the type of system initially arises. There are several options for traditional and new schemes, but in order to opt for any of them, you need to understand a little the essence of the issue. The task of this article is precisely to consider what the heating scheme of a two-story house is, to reveal the pros and cons of each type of system.

Single pipe or double pipe?

As the name implies, these systems differ in the number of main pipelines that supply the coolant to the radiators. In a one-pipe circuit, all battery connections are connected to one common pipeline, which is both supply and return. A striking example of such a system is the famous "Leningrad", shown below in the figure:

Despite the seeming simplicity of installation and economy of materials, the one-pipe system has one serious drawback. Since each battery discharges cooled water into a common line, the coolant comes to the next radiator with a lower temperature, and so on, to the end of the branch. Because of this, the very last heater can be barely warm. What does it mean?

The room still needs to be heated, which means that it will be necessary to increase the heat transfer of the battery, that is, to increase the number of sections. It turns out that we saved on pipes and fittings, but spent on additional sections. Add to this the difficulty of regulation in two-story houses and the impossibility of natural circulation.

The disadvantage of a two-pipe system is only that more materials are needed for its assembly, since in this case the supply and return collectors are separated. That is, the coolant comes to all the batteries through one pipe, and leaves through the other. This scheme of the heating system of a private house has many advantages, and therefore is the most popular. This is a reason to opt for a two-pipe system.

Types of two-pipe systems

Currently, the following types of two-pipe schemes are used in private housing construction:

with natural circulation;
with forced circulation;
collector system;
scheme with a double-circuit boiler.

Each of the above systems has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages that determine its scope. Let's consider all the schemes in order and reveal their features.

Natural circulation system

Its principle of operation is based on the convective movement of water. The hot heat carrier leaving the boiler has a lower density and weight than the chilled water coming through the return line. The latter tends to go down and displace the lighter heated coolant. Due to this, natural circulation occurs. For normal operation of the system, several conditions must be met:

due to the low speed of fluid movement, the diameters of the pipes must be increased to ensure the required flow rate of the coolant;
the difference in the densities and masses of water with different temperatures is small, therefore, a heating scheme with natural circulation should be mounted with large slopes of horizontal sections;
the pipeline network is under natural pressure, creating an excess is unacceptable, otherwise the fluid flow will stop. This means that the expansion tank can only be of an open type and must be installed above the entire system;
in order to withstand all slopes, the boiler often has to be placed in a shallow depression.

What does such a heating distribution scheme in a two-story house give us, where compliance with all conditions requires careful calculations and leads to a large consumption of materials and installation complexity? The answer is simple: the gravitational circuit, functioning in conjunction with a conventional solid fuel or gas boiler, makes the water heating of a two-story house independent of electricity. This is sometimes a very important factor, for example, in areas with unreliable power supplies. This is the area of application of gravity systems.

Forced circulation system

Here, the movement of the coolant through the pipeline network occurs due to the operation of the circulation pump, which creates excess pressure in it. The introduction of a pumping device into the circuit made it possible to achieve the following advantages:

reduction of pipe diameters. The fluid flow rate has increased, and now, to ensure the required flow rate, a smaller flow area of the pipes can be used;
improving work efficiency. If the heating circuit with forced circulation is developed correctly, then high-temperature water will successfully reach both the nearest and the farthest radiators;
pipes can be laid in the most convenient way, which plays a huge role in interior design issues. The lion's share of highways can be hidden using boxes or floor and wall structures;
convenience and comfort during operation. The fact is that forced circulation makes it possible to implement any projects to automate climate control in the house;
efficiency in energy consumption. The conclusion stems from the previous paragraph, since the automation allows you to heat the premises on a daily schedule at a time when there are people there;
the system is easy to regulate.

Note. In two-story houses, where the old scheme with natural circulation is involved, you can always install a pump. This modernization will allow realizing, if not all, then the main advantages of the pressure system.

Installation of a circuit with artificial impetus is laborious, but relatively uncomplicated, you can safely do it yourself. Take at least a membrane-type expansion tank, which does not need to be placed in the attic, and even control the water level, as in the case of gravity. Its place is in the furnace room, near the boiler.

The most significant drawback of the circuit is its volatility. One has only to disconnect the two-story house from the electricity, and after a while the heat in the premises is gone. The ways to eliminate the disadvantage, although simple, are costly: the purchase and use of an electric generator or, at worst, an uninterruptible power supply unit.

As for the allegedly high cost of materials, we have already discussed this issue, talking about a one-pipe system. Although it should be noted that the cost depends on the number of control valves and automation equipment included in the heating project. In a budget version, the assembly of the circuit will cost a little more than a one-pipe one.

Collector heating system

This is one of the new trends in the field of heating private houses, which appeared relatively recently and originated from two-pipe pressure systems. Only in contrast to them, the collector heating system of a two-story house has many branches converging to one center - a distribution header. The circuit resembles a set of rays diverging in all directions, with a distributor inside, as shown in the figure:

As you can see, the radiant heating system provides for a separate connection of each radiator to a collector directly connected to the boiler. In this case, the "rays" are completely hidden in the floor structure, and the distributor is built into the wall inside a special cabinet. Only the supply lines to the batteries remain in sight, and even the branch coming from the boiler.

It is unnecessary to convince someone that the collector heating circuit in a two-story dwelling is the most efficient of all. Each radiator is powered separately, they do not affect each other. Regulation and automation can be implemented as desired. The rainbow picture is spoiled by only one circumstance - the high cost. This fact is also well understood at one glance at the diagram. There is also a disadvantage that has been inherited - dependence on electricity.

Heating scheme with a double-circuit boiler

In reality, the heating scheme for a two-story house with a double-circuit boiler is no different from a conventional two-pipe system. The problem is somewhat far-fetched and its solution does not depend in any way on heating networks. The crux of the matter is that the double-circuit boiler disconnects from the system during water heating and deals exclusively with hot water supply. If it takes a long time, then the building starts to cool down and it gets cool inside.

A similar situation is a consequence of the incorrect selection of the boiler power, the installation of heating has nothing to do with it. The power of the heat generator must be determined taking into account the heating of the hot water. If this has not been done and the boiler is already installed, then there is only one way out - to reduce the water heating temperature and consume it sparingly.

What is the best heating system for a two-story house?

The answer to the question depends on individual conditions and wishes. If you want not to depend on electricity, you will have to make a gravity system with all its disadvantages. When there is a desire and opportunity to build an effective and economical circuit, then a system with a manifold connection is at your service.

In practice, the distribution of heating in two-story houses is most often two-pipe with forced circulation. From the point of view of cost and efficiency, this is the optimal solution, it allows you to realize a lot of opportunities and economically heat a home, having incurred medium-sized costs. And for self-assembly, this scheme is quite convenient.

The heating scheme of a two-story house with forced circulation is one of the components of the engineering project. The natural flow of the coolant under such conditions is ineffective, since it is problematic to raise water to the second floor without a pump. The editorial board of "Plumber Portal" will tell you how the heating system of a two-story house works, and which wiring diagrams are the most effective.

The comfort of living directly depends on a properly organized heating system of a two-story private house. This communication was created to maintain an optimal temperature, reduce heat loss and preserve the building itself.

The center of the heating system in a two-story house is boiler, bringing the coolant to the optimum temperature. Based on the technical characteristics, the heat generator maintains the required temperature constantly. In modern private houses, almost all types of heating are used, and sometimes 2-3 types are combined together.

The boilers are capable of operating on coke, coal, wood, diesel fuel, wood, peat, pellets, natural gas and electricity. Fuel is selected based on its availability. More than 70% prefer gas boilers. A boiler powered by electricity (convector) is used as a backup or combined option, the boiler is introduced in advance into the heating project of a two-story cottage.

The power of the boiler depends on the flow rate of the coolant, which is determined by the internal radiator volume, the capacity of the heat exchanger and the filling of the pipeline sections.

Heat carriers in the heating system: water, antifreeze or electrolyte for flow-type electrode boilers. Water has a higher heat capacity and density, but in winter it is required to maintain a constant temperature in the room. People who use the house irregularly in winter prefer to use antifreeze as a coolant.

Antifreeze with its viscosity, coefficient of expansion and heat capacity slows down the heat transfer process and reduces the heat dissipation of radiators. In the case of using "non-freezing" as a heat carrier, it is necessary to increase the flow area of the system and the power of the pumps.

Important! In the case of the presence of ethylene glycol in the antifreeze, its use in double-circuit boilers is limited. Some additives destroy parts made of polypropylene, cast iron, non-ferrous metals and rubber.

Heating device is a steel, cast-iron combined or anodized radiator, the task of which is to give off its heat, thereby ensuring the optimum comfortable temperature in the room. Heat transfer and inertia depend on the size and material from which the device is made.

The length of the radiator is changed by adjusting the required number of sections.

The required number of radiators (I) is calculated by the formula:

I = S * k1 * k2 * k3 * k4 * 100 / P (pcs), where:
S is the area of the room, (m2); P is the nameplate value of the power of one section, (W); k1 - increasing coefficient for double-glazed windows; k2 - reduction coefficient of losses, which depends on the area of the outer walls; k3 is the dependent coefficient on the design and roof insulation (with or without an attic); k4 is a dependent coefficient on the height of the ceiling (k4 = 1, with h = 2.5 m), the higher the interfloor space, the greater the value of the correction.

Air vent(Mayevsky's valve) and a thermostat valve are installed at the inlet of the coolant to the heating device to ensure a uniform design heat removal. The shut-off valve is mounted on the outlet pipe needed for maintenance.

Piping(closed loop) ensures the tightness of the system. For the installation of heating systems in a private house, seamless and polypropylene pipes with a minimum internal resistance are used.

The task of the pipeline is to distribute, transfer and return the heating medium to the boiler. The flow movement can be hindered by the roughness of the inner surface, by changing the diameters of the flow area, and turns. The way of circulation (natural or forced) is determined by the value of the hydraulic resistance.

Additional elements of the heating system

Expansion tank a closed or open heating system is available in all types of interchanges in a private house. The pressure created in the pipeline by a circulation pump or by the force of gravity changes the boiling point of the coolant.

A spontaneous jump in pressure can provoke a sharp boiling of water, as well as the release of dissolved gases and a multiple increase in volume, which leads to the destruction of elements of the heating system. The expansion tank helps prevent such problems.

Mounting shut-off valves in the heating system makes it possible to turn off a section of the system or equipment so that it is possible to carry out preventive maintenance, repair or replacement. Ball valves are mounted on the risers before and after pumps, collectors, a boiler and a boiler.

TO safety fittings includes a non-return and safety valve, an automatic air vent and a balancing valve. Their task is to protect the pipeline from throttling flows and water hammer. The cut-off valve stops the fuel supply at the moment the gas analyzer sensors are triggered, the power is cut off and the circulation through the heat exchanger is stopped.

Control valves(electronic or electromechanical control valve, thermostat valve) must equalize the indicators in the heating system. The main condition for fittings and fittings in the heat supply system is that the fitting must ensure the permeability of the coolant with the lowest pressure losses and tightness of branches, turns and diameter transitions.

Hydrostrel and distribution manifold reduce losses, separate hydraulic circuits, increase permeability and distribute heat load. They also serve as a place for the installation of measuring instruments responsible for safety (heat sensors, flow meters, manometers, thermometers). The task of the thermodynamic arrow is to ensure the removal of dissolved gases and suspended particles from the coolant.

The task circulation pump in the heating system, it is to ensure the movement of the flow of heated water in a closed loop, because of this, the height of the house does not affect the power of the pump. In "wet" circulation pumps, the rotor with the impeller is located in the heating pipe. The working medium serves as the lubrication and cooling of the engine parts. The principle of operation and functional features of the pumps depend on the power, flow rate, efficiency and pressure.

The circulation pump is usually mounted on the return pipe in front of the boiler or the pressure blower is brought out to the bypass. Instructions for the installation and operation of the device are developed by the manufacturer.

Features of the forced circulation system

Most of modern heating systems are capable of functioning at full capacity only when an individual artificial circulation is created, such in which the coolant moves through the system due to the operation of the circulation pump.

To arrange forced circulation of heating in a two-story building, there are some prerequisites:

installation of a pipeline of a smaller diameter, which facilitates the general assembly of the wiring;
provision of zonal regulation (jointly or instead of general);
the presence of the 2nd and higher floors does not in any way affect the heating;
lowering the temperature of the coolant without changing the heat transfer parameters;
the ability to use inexpensive plastic pipes.

The disadvantages include the presence of power supply - interruptions are possible, but this is easily avoided when using redundant UPSs. The problem of louder noise is solved by installing soundproofing in the boiler room.

The most suitable place for tapping the circulation pump is where the temperature drops to a minimum, that is, in front of the boiler on the return line.

The natural circulation pattern is an alternative.

At the moment, autonomous heating systems with gravitational circulation, that is, operating on the basis of the natural laws of physics, are quite rare. The principle of operation is explained by the difference in the density of cold and heated water and the presence of an additional control device - an expansion tank, mounted in the upper part of the hot water riser.

A feature of the natural-type network is the location of the horizontal pipes (distributing and return) at an angle and the location of the boiler - it is mounted as low as possible. The coolant is supplied through the expansion riser, the cooled water (or antifreeze) is discharged through the return pipe.

If you are thinking about how to properly heat a private house with your own hands, then remember that the advantages of the gravitational circuit are independence from the power supply, ease of installation, and the absence of noise produced by the circulation pump. But heating a large cottage with forced circulation wiring will turn out faster and more efficiently.

Single-pipe and two-pipe wiring diagrams

The choice of the type of heating and coolant wiring occurs during the development of the project.

A single-pipe heating system works on the principle of a series connection of radiators in the distribution of the heating circuit. The thermodynamics of the process is based on the increased diameter of the pipeline (not less than 32 mm), the slope of straight sections (0.5% of the length) and the excess of the radiator axis over the central line of the boiler (H).

Self-regulation in the circuit is due to the temperature difference between the first / last radiator and the force of gravity. The flow goes alternately through each heater (the return flow of the previous radiator is the supply of the next one). The temperature decreases with distance from the heat source, while the density of water, on the contrary, increases.

This wiring is usually used for natural circulation systems. Diagram of a one-pipe heating system with natural circulation of an open type, sample:

In a two-pipe heating system, they are divided into a supply line and a return line. Wiring in two pipes increases the efficiency of the system, reduces heat losses and hydraulic resistance. The two-pipe circuit determines the parallel connection of the inlet and outlet pipes of the heater. The temperature of the coolant in the radiators is leveled, the distance from the heat source does not affect the heating.

Two-pipe radial heating wiring diagram with a manifold, photo:

Installation of valves and taps of thermostats allows replacement or repairs without shutting down the system. By adding a hydraulic module (arrow with a coplanar manifold) to a two-pipe system, you can separate the radiator (high-pressure), underfloor heating (low-pressure) and hot water circuits. There are no minuses in the system with the correct heat engineering calculation.

Top and bottom feed features

With the lower supply of the coolant in the heating wiring diagram of a two-story house, it is meant to insert the heating risers into the ring of the first floor (basement and technical underground).

The distribution chain (supply) is laid together with the return ring. The coolant moves upward, passes through the radiators, and a collecting pipeline goes down through the return pipes, through which it returns to the boiler.

The supply risers are raised above the radiators of the second floor by connecting them with an air line, which is equipped with an automatic valve to remove air from the system. Each heating device is equipped with a Mayevsky tap.

The upper distribution distinguishes the direction of movement of the working stream (from top to bottom). The main riser (a pipe that rises from the boiler through the floors to the central expansion tank) supplies the coolant to the ring or to the dead-end sections of the upper wiring.

Supply risers descend from the attic, which supply hot water to the radiators. Vertical risers collect the coolant in a return pipe that returns the coolant to the boiler.

The top routing is used in the southern regions of Russia. In the northern and central regions, this method of supplying and distributing the coolant requires the arrangement of a warm attic.

Vertical and horizontal routing

A two-pipe vertical system (with both bottom and top feeding methods) requires constant balancing. When the setup conditions are met, it has hydraulic and temperature stability when the setup conditions are met.

Diagram of the vertical wiring of the heating system of a two-story private house, example:

The basis of the horizontal two-pipe heating system of a two-story house is the collector connection of heating radiators. The comb is located in a special prefabricated cabinet. Polypropylene elements of the system are completed by the manufacturer.

Thus, according to the consultants, the site is the most effective heating scheme for a two-story house with forced circulation - a two-pipe wiring with a liquid heat carrier, equipped with a gas or electric boiler and a circulation pump.

Combined systems are more effective, the selection of heat sources depends on the number of storeys and the structure of the building itself. In any case, in order to draw up an individual scheme, it is recommended to consult with a specialist and make a final choice based on personal preferences. The price for his services is not so high, but the benefits are priceless.

Video example of organizing a heating system with a Tichelman loop:

The optimal heating scheme for a 2-storey private house is selected taking into account many factors: efficiency, cost and complexity of installation, availability of reliable power supply and frequency of use. In addition, projects of water heating systems must take into account a number of personal requirements of the customer for the interior design of rooms, which not every type of piping and heating devices can satisfy.

Possible options

In order to choose the right wiring method correctly, it makes sense to take existing heating schemes suitable for houses with two floors, and analyze the pros and cons of each of them. Most often, the following options are considered and implemented:

one-pipe horizontal scheme ("Leningrad");
one-pipe heating system of a two-story house with vertical risers and natural movement of the coolant;
a two-pipe dead-end scheme with branches of equal length or an annular passing system with a circulation pump;
collector circuit for heating a two-story house with forced water circulation;
water heated floors;
plinth heating, also two-pipe.

Wiring options for the installation of radiators can be either open type (communicating with the atmosphere) or closed type (operating with excess pressure). Homeowners who want to provide water heating for household needs should be aware that the heating scheme of a two-story house with a double-circuit heat generator does not differ from the wiring supplied to a conventional boiler with 1 circuit. The difference lies in the operation: any heating system of a two-story house with a double-circuit boiler heats water for radiators and hot water supply alternately. When the hot water tap is open, the heating of the coolant stops, the unit completely switches to DHW.

One highway: pros and cons

The single-pipe heating system of a two-storey building - the "Leningradka" scheme - consists of one main line laid horizontally along the perimeter of the building, above the floor of each floor. Heating devices are connected to the main line with 2 ends, alternately. This type of heating network is well suited for houses where two floors occupy a small area (up to 80 m² each). There are reasons for this:

The coolant entering each subsequent radiator has an ever lower temperature due to the addition of chilled water from the previous batteries. Therefore, the length of the ring is limited to 4-5 heating devices.
In order to heat well the second floor and the rooms where the last batteries are located, their heat transfer should be increased by adding sections.
The horizontal network of a two-story house with natural circulation should be carried out with a large slope (up to 1 cm per 1 m running pipe). The boiler is placed in a recess, and an expansion tank is located in the attic, which is in communication with the atmosphere.

The Leningrad distribution of heating a two-story house with forced supply of a coolant works much more stable and efficiently than by gravity. For natural circulation in a private house, it is better to make vertical risers piercing the ceilings and distributing heat to the radiators near the windows. The supply of water to the risers is carried out from a horizontal collector laid in the attic, and the return to the boiler is carried out along the same line running above the floor of the 1st floor.

As in the first case, an open expansion tank is placed in the attic of a 2-storey cottage, and the lines are laid with a slope. If the heating system is closed, then the slopes are required minimum (3 mm per linear meter of the pipe), and the membrane tank is placed in the boiler room.

Single-pipe heating wiring for a two-story house, although inexpensive to install, is complex in calculation and execution.

And not every owner will like it when large-diameter pipelines pass through part of the premises, they have to be hidden under boxes.

Optimal solution - 2 lines

The two-pipe heating system of a two-story house is good in that the coolant is directed to the heating devices through one pipe, and returns through the other. In private housing construction, 3 types of such systems are used:

dead-end, in it the coolant reaches the last battery and flows back, the streams move towards each other;
passing, where the supply and return flow flows in 1 direction, and the circuit is a closed ring;
collector, characterized by an individual supply of heated water to each radiator from the distribution manifold.

All two-pipe water heating schemes for a 2-storey private house are easy to do with your own hands, this is their advantage. If the architecture of the building is not too complicated, and the area does not exceed 300 m², then it is possible to assemble the pipeline network without preliminary calculations. The feed from the boiler is made with a pipe of 25-32 mm, branches - 20-25 mm, and connections - 16 mm. It is understood that the coolant is impelled to move by the pump. Gravity heating of a two-story house, when two large pipes pass through all the rooms, will not please anyone.

Dead-end and passing schemes are similar in installation, and when installing a collector system, pipelines will have to be laid directly to the batteries in the floor. This is an option for developers who have high requirements for the interiors of the premises, since the pipes will not be visible on the walls of the rooms. It can also be implemented in a private house with your own hands, although equipment and materials will cost more than with a dead-end scheme.

When installing a dead-end system, it is important that all radiators installed in a two-story house be divided equally into groups in order to stretch branches of the same length to them. It is customary to do this: 2 branches on the 1st floor, two more - on the second, the coolant supply upstairs - directly from the boiler through the riser. The associated scheme is implemented differently: the supply pipeline is laid horizontally from the first to the last device, and the reverse starts from the first and goes to the boiler, collecting cooled water from all batteries. So, a ring is formed around the perimeter of the house, serving all the radiators.

Two-pipe systems are united by common advantages:

supplying all heating devices with a coolant with the same temperature;
reliability in work;
the convenience of balancing, especially the passing scheme;
the ability to effectively control the heating operation using various automation;
simplicity of DIY installation.

Heating floor and skirting board

Pipes with hot water, laid in the floor with a calculated pitch, allow uniform heating of the premises with the entire surface of the floor covering. From each heating circuit, whose length does not exceed 100 m, the connections converge to a manifold with a mixing unit, which provides the required flow rate of the heat carrier and its temperature within the range of + 35 ° ... + 45 ° C (maximum + 55 ° C). The collector is powered directly from the boiler by one branch and controls heating on 2 floors at the same time. Positive sides of a warm floor:

uniform heating of the space of the rooms;
heating is comfortable for people, since heating comes from the bottom;
low water temperature allows saving up to 15% on energy resources;
any level of system automation is possible - work from thermostats, weather sensors or according to the program included in the controller;
the system with the controller can be controlled from a distance - via GSM-connection or the Internet.

Similar automatic control systems are being introduced into the collector circuit of a two-story cottage. The disadvantage of underfloor heating is the high cost of materials and installation work, which are difficult to do on your own.

Heating skirting boards are a suitable option for any private house, not just a two-story one. These heating devices in the form of large skirting boards are copper or aluminum convectors connected in a two-pipe scheme. They surround the premises around the perimeter, heating the air from all sides. Skirting heating is easy to install and meets any interior design requirement.