Foam glass: advantages, disadvantages, insulation technology material. Insulation (thermal insulation material) foam glass. Advantages and disadvantages fabric under foam-glass

The variety of insulation for individual construction is growing every year. Some of the materials are only conditionally new, a visual example - foam-glass. Invented in the thirties of the last century, it entered mass construction only in nineties, after working out technology and reduce production costs.

Penodoneglo is a combination of conventional silicate glass and foam. Glass is quite solid, but fragile. The foam is gas bubbles connecting with thin liquid films using surface tension.

The combination of these materials is obtained by heating the silicate mass and its melting. Through the melted mass is passed gas, the bubbles of which are captured by the melt, forming a porous structure.

Varieties of foam glass

In individual and urban planning, two types of this insulation are used:

Block foam glass - has the shape of plates and a cellular structure. It is used for the heat insulation of the base, the facade, the scene, the inter-storey overlap, the foundation, the pipeline, the ceilings. The stove does not give a shrinkage, therefore can be used as a basic building material.
Granulated foamworm - has the form of small granules in the form of a sphere, or resembles gravel or sand forms. The size of fractions from 1 to 20 mm. Used for thermal insulation of interior walls, overlaps and floors.

Despite the differences in the areas of use and production technology, both forms of material provide high-quality insulation and possess the same technical characteristics.

Features of production plates

Penodoneglo is released in two forms - blocks and granules. The main raw materials receive the bottle and window glass. This allows the use of secondary processing technology of raw materials, as the glass decomposes long enough.

After cleaning and sorting, the glass battle passes the grinding to the state of the powder. For foaming, carbon is added to the fraction and the mixture is heated to a thousand degrees. At this temperature, gas is destroyed, and the glass masses foams.

The heated glass is a viscous mixture, which after extracting from the furnace solidifies and undergoes a burning.

Thus, the technological scheme from raw materials to the finished product contains:

Glass cleaning;
Sorting raw materials;
Melting glass mass;
Gas passage;
Cooling;
Firing finished plates.

Granules production

The technology of manufacturing a granular foam glass is somewhat different. After cleaning and sorting raw materials, it passes the following processing:

Melting at high temperatures;
Spilling into the occasional billets;
Foaming in a rotating furnace;
Cooling and firing ready-made granules.

Granulated foam glass in volume exceeds the resulting raw materials 15 times. It should also be distinguished insulation from liquid glass, which is performed at lower temperatures to the rapid removal of water and gaseous substances. Liquid glass is not insulation and unstable even when exposed to water.

Specifications

Despite the stiffness of the material, it has a sufficiently low thermal conductivity, and therefore, good indicators of thermal insulation. The main characteristics of the foam glass:

Thermal conductivity of material 0.04 W / m * p. Compared to the wood, the thermal conductivity of the foam glass is two times lower, and thermal insulation properties are two times better. The thermal conductivity is popular in the insulation of mineral wool above thirty percent. Such indicators of foam glass are caused by a cellular structure.
Temperature stability. The stove is able to withstand the limit temperature of the 300 OS without deformation and destruction of the material. In the process of production in the glass mass can add substances that increase the heat resistance threefold. The lower limit temperature at which the destruction of the material is destruction -200 ° C.

The strength of the material. One square meter material withstands the load from 40 to 100 tons or 0.5-1.2 MPa. During operation, this parameter does not change. But in relation to impact strength, the material is somewhat losing in front of its counterparts, since it can be divided by the application of mechanical force.
The foam cell density ranges from 100 to 250 kg / m3. For comparison, dry wood density is from 550 to 750 kg / m3.

The soundproofing of the material is comparable to a similar indicator of mineral wool - foam glass copes with sound waves in 45-56 dB.
The steam permeability indicator of the material is 0.005 mg / (m * h * pa), which allows the use of foam glass as a vapor polyplator.
The moisture resistance of blocks is equal to two percent of the block volume, the material itself does not enter into interaction with water and is not deformed under its impact.

The chemical stability of the foam glass is detected in relation to acids, alkalis, gases and petroleum products, as well as building mixtures. Deformed only under the influence of fluoride acid, which is practically not used in everyday life due to its high toxicity.
The biological stability of the foam glass in front of insects, rodents and fungal colonies is quite high, which gives it an advantage over other insulation.
The material does not burn and does not release toxic gases, and in its composition there are no substances harming the human body, because it is considered quite environmentally friendly.

Benefits

Many of the advantages went to the insulation precisely from glass, some are unique due to the combination of gas capsules and glass cells.

Duration of operation - Manufacturers indicate the period of operation up to one hundred years without deformation even with temperature drops. The changes in dimensions and shrinkage are not characteristic of the material, the operating temperature range from +350 to -250 OS.
The versatility of the material for insulation purposes, as it is suitable for insulation of pipes, roof, walls, foundations, as well as to isolate buildings of high fire hazard.
Resistance to open fire and makes it possible to use the material on fire-hazardous objects, since at high temperature the material will melt, and not burn.

Soundproofing quality material with a thickness of 10 cm can cope with the crash of the tractor, without passing the sound inside the building.
The foam glass is easy to install, resembles a foam concrete laying technology. It is easy to cut with a hacksaw, it has a small weight - a cubic meter accounts for 150 kg.
The safety of foam glass in the sanitation is another advantage, since its environment is unsuitable for the reproduction of microorganisms, it does not release toxic volatile substances and can be used in the insulation of children's institutions and hospitals.

These qualities make foam glass insulation of a new generation, with high ergonomics and safety, as environmental purity is the motto of the construction of the last decade.

disadvantages

Negative sides of the foam glass less than positive, but they also have a place to be, namely:

High price category, since the material is the most expensive in comparison with other insulation. The cost is due to the complex technological scheme for the production of material, in particular, the firing of finished plates is a sufficiently energy-intensive process.
The greenhouse effect created by the plates can provoke the development of fungus and mold on the walls that are covered with foam cell. If you do not take care of high-quality sealing, there will be no prose from the insulation.
Low impact resistant to complete the shortcomings of the foam glass. Possessing good stiffness and compressive strength, the material cracks from a strong blow and no longer performs the functions of the insulation during destruction.

However, with a properly completed installation and careful attitude, the foam glass will last long enough.

How to choose

There are several foam glass producers in the domestic market. Each product must respond to certain criteria for a qualitatively manufactured insulation.

Plates in one batch must be the same sizes, and the cellular structure of the plates and blocks should be saved - they should not merge among themselves. Manufacturers of high-quality foam glass make a material passport in which you can find out the vapor permeability of both plates and granules. If there is no passport or it does not indicate characteristics, it is better to refrain from buying.

To prevent condensate accumulation, it is recommended to calculate the optimal thickness of the plate so that the dew point is located in the stove, and the walls were cooled outside with no more than +5 OS. Take the insulation only from proven manufacturers, since the poorly made insulation may worsen the condition of the walls, without even performing its functions.

It is better to carry out insulation during the construction of an object, than already on the finished building. This is due to the fact that during construction you can do thin and cold walls when the insulation is planned in them. If the object is already built, you will need a thick layer of the insulation to shift the dew point in it.

Manufacturers

The first material samples were made in Russia, it is made today in different countries. The most popular the following manufacturers:

Saitax is one of the largest manufacturers of foam glass in Russia. The company's products are used to insulate administrative buildings and government facilities.
Pittsburgh Corning is an American insulation manufacturer with half a century development history. The company's capacity is located in Russia. Isolation is sold under the Foamglass brand and is used both in civil and industrial construction.

Gomelteklo - the Belarusian company of the international level, which supplies insulating materials to many countries of the world. Open access is certificates and passports of materials.
ZSTM is a building heat insulating material plant located in Ukraine. The plant produces insulating materials produced by unique technologies developed in research centers. At the moment, block and tile products are available.

Pay attention to the manufacturer's history, reviews about it and the availability of certificates - then the high cost will not become a barrier and will pay off a decrease in spending on heating and climate techniques in the house.

Foamglass refers to durable, durable and popular materials for insulation. It is characterized by simplicity of installation and high efficiency. The technology was invented almost a century ago in the USSR, and practical application was invented later in Canada. Masso in the construction materials market, foam glass appeared recently when the technology of its production allowed to make it affordable and high-quality. Before use, it is worth considering what granules or stoves from foam glass, their main advantages and disadvantages, as well as methods of use for insulation.

Penodoneglo combines the advantages of two material at once. It combines silicate glass, which is distinguished by strength and fragility, as well as foam - incredibly lung material. The production of foam glass is to heat the silicate mass with the addition of a substance that forms gas. High temperature leads to melting of a substance, as well as the formation of small bubbles. This technology allows you to get a lightweight and durable material that has a high heat resistance.

In the field of thermal insulation, two main types are applied:

Slab foamula. The insulation has a slab forms that has a structure with closed cells. Optimally suitable for insulation base, facade, ceiling, overlap and foundation. The thickness is 6-12 cm, and the size of the plate is 45 * 60 cm. They withstand even significant operational loads, do not shrink and resistant to deformation under mechanical effects.

Slab insulation

Granulated material. It is microporous spherical granules. It is performed in the granules of various sizes from 1-5 mm to 7-20 mm. Can be used as insulation for inner walls, overlap and floors.

Granulated foamglo

The technical characteristics of the two types of material are similar, so when it is elected, it is necessary to be based only on the convenience and appropriateness to use the insulation of one or another form.

Main characteristics

According to statistics, the higher the material hardness indicator, the lower its thermal insulation properties. Foamglass refers to insulation, which not only withstand serious loads, but also have a low thermal conductivity.

On other characteristics of the material refers:

Thermal conductivity. The foam glass has a thermal conductivity indicator of 0.04 W / m * p. If you compare it with a tree, then this material is twice as lower in this material, and at a minimum wool above an average of 25%. Therefore, foam glass perfectly protects against heat loss better than wood, minvats and many other insulation. High thermal insulation properties are explained by the presence in the structure of small closed cells with subtle partitions.
Strength. The square meter of the insulation is able to withstand the pressure of 40-100 tons, and the strength indicator is 0.5-1.2 MPa. This indicator does not deteriorate over time. However, impact strength at the material is low. Penodoneglo can be broken down with strong mechanical effects.
Soundproofing. The foam cell is effectively used not only to protect against heat loss, but also from extraneous noise. The material is able to extinguish sound waves by force in 45-56 decibels.
Resistance to temperatures. The insulation is able to withstand the temperature from -200 to +300 degrees, which allows it to be used even at extreme temperatures.
Density. This indicator of the material is very low and equal to 100-250 kg per cubic meter. And this indicator below the density of the tree is at least three times.
Parry permeability. The foam glass can be used as a vapor polypoletor. The vapor permeability indicator is only 0.005 mg / (m * h * pa).
Moisture resistance. Foam's plates and granules can absorb no more than 2% of water from their own volume. The material not only does not absorb moisture, but also does not change its properties when interacting with it.

High moisture resistance

Biological stability. Penodoneglo has a high rate of resistance to insects, rodents and microorganisms. The insulation does not absorb water, so mold and fungi is not formed in it. A high hardness of the material protects it from insects and rodents.
Chemical stability. Penodoneglo is a chemically inert material. Therefore, when contacting acids, alkalis, gases and petroleum products, foam-glass does not interact. The only substance with which the foamworm interacts is a plastic acid.
Environmental purity. The foamglass does not burn, does not release toxic gases and does not produce decay products. This makes the material safe for the insulation of residential premises.

The unique characteristics of the material is explained by the combination of properties of silicate glass and gas microcapsules.

Main advantages

The use of foam glass as a heater has a number of significant advantages. These include:

Excellent thermal insulation characteristics. They are explained by the peculiarity of the material structure - small closed cells with subtle partitions.
Universality. The material is universal, so it can be used for the insulation of facades, roof, foundation, communications, walls and gender. It can be used even for objects with a high fire hazard.
Long service life. Material is capable of listening over 100 years without loss of performance. At the same time, it tolerates high and low temperatures well, as well as their sharp differences.
Good sound insulation properties. The insulation layer of 10 cm is capable of drowning even the sounds of the tractor operating motor. Therefore, the material is effectively used not only to protect against heat loss, but also from extraneous noise.
Easy installation. For cutting plates can use ordinary hacksaw, the granules just pour out on the prepared surfaces. The material is incredibly light, so it is easy to work with it.
Safety. The material does not highlight dangerous compounds, so it can be used in the premises of social and residential premises.
Non-hatching. The foam glass is not lit, and at a very high temperature only melts, without highlighting toxic components and smoke.

The advantages of foam glass made it one of the most successful and high-quality materials for insulation of the floor, roof, overlap, base, walls and other surfaces.

Basic Disadvantages

Despite the explicit advantages of foam glass, when it is elected as a insulation, the disadvantages should also be taken into account. These include:

High price. In the market of building materials, foam glass is one of the most expensive insulation. This is due to high energy consumption in production. In addition, the manufacture requires expensive equipment.
Low shock strength. The material has a high compression strength indicator, however, is a rather fragile material. Therefore, with strong blows, foam glass can crack, and such cracked slabs can no longer be used as a heater.
Low steam strength. This property of the material is its advantage, and a disadvantage. Despite the fact that fungi and mold cannot be formed in the foam glass, the surface that it covers does not happen an air exchange, so foci of infection may appear.

The foam glass is a high-quality and modern insulation for various types of surface, however, when it is selected, the disadvantages should also be taken into account.

Details of the insulation of the house Penodonegle can be found from the video:

Application

The peculiarity of the material is its excellent thermal insulation abilities in combination with high strength. Therefore, it can be used to insulate the base, foundations, bearing walls and pipelines. The low water absorption indicator allows it to be used for the thermal insulation of the basement, the foundation and the ground floor. Granular material can be used as a warming additive for concrete. For thermal insulation of the walls, it is enough to fall asleep it in their cavity.

Warming with granular foam cell

The foam glass is well cut and dried, so it's easy to make pieces of the desired size from the slabs. In addition, the slabs hold well plaster, putty, glue and other compositions for finishing surfaces.

The material can be used not only for residential and public premises. It is used for enclosures of various technological and industrial equipment, which operates at high temperature.

Insulation foam cell

Technology insulation foam cell

To guarantee high thermal insulation material material, it is required to comply with its installation technology:

For mounting plates, it is recommended to use special glue that needs to be applied to the opposite side of the plate and the side walls. After that glue should be evenly distributed over the surface of the sheet.
If the surface has holes, bulges or other irregularities, the adhesive on the foam glass should be fluttered to get the most accurate framework.
With the insulation of a wooden base, it is recommended to fix the plates with special dowels. The tree when exposed to moisture and temperature expands, so the insulation to it must be mounted in a mechanical manner.
When mounting the plate on the vertical surface, you must install the bottom plank using the construction level. As a plank, it is best to use a metal profile or rack.
The first series of insulation should be mounted on the profile that will act as a support. After completely frozen the glue, the support can be removed. However, it is best to remove it after the complete completion of the work.
When installing plates on vertical or inclined surfaces, it should be started at the bottom, and on the horizontal - from the far corner.
Plates should be placed close to each other with a displacement of one row relative to the other. After applying and completely drying the glue, it is additionally recommended to strengthen the plates with special dowels.
Around the windows and doors, thermal insulation plates are recommended to mount solid figures. On the angular lines, separate pieces of material are not allowed.

Insulation of the roof of foam cell

The foam glass is a high-quality, modern and very lightweight material for thermal insulation of various surfaces. The competent followation of the installation technology will increase the efficiency of thermal insulation and extend the service life of the material.

Modern technologies are continuously improving - new ones come to replace the old ones. Not exception is the construction industry, which, how no other is subject to constant changes. Modern building materials and technologies appear with enviable regularity - did not have time to get used to the process of insulating the foam, as a replacement came foamy. What kind of beast is this, and how to contact him? It is with this question that we will understand today on the pages of the site "Dream House".

What is foam glass and where it is used

As you already, probably, understood from the foregoing, foam glass is the newest development in the field of energy-saving technologies. Moreover, today it is better than foam glass, insulation for walls, floor or roofs to find is simply impossible. This material has a practically zero thermal conductivity coefficient - to be accurate, then at a temperature of + 10˚C is only 0.0411W / M.KV.

It is made at very high temperatures, so the production of foam glass is impossible at home. In the process of manufacture, this material passes a rather long path - first the glass is crushed almost to the consistency of dust, then it is saturated with carbon dioxide, and already in such a form, it is fed into the furnace, where there is a plurality of small and sealed glass bubbles at a temperature above 750˚C. Subsequently, the resulting mixture form either familiar to all blocks or granules.

It is used foamula in different ways. Block material is used to insulate the walls - it is laid inside the wall during construction. A kind of puff pie is created, consisting of a facing layer, insulation and roughing (internal). If we talk about a granular foam glass, then it can be used for both insulation of walls and for heat insulation of the floor and a flat roof. With it, even the foundation of the building is insulated. About such a universal insulation used to be only to dream.

In addition to the direct insulation of buildings, foam glass is used for thermal insulation of all sorts of pipelines. Modern technologies allow it to be made in almost any image, including in the form of a shell for pipes. Moreover, not only straight sections are manufactured, but also turning.

Granulated foam glass is also successfully used as a filler in the manufacture of lightweight concrete structures.

Foam glass and its properties: advantages and disadvantages

As they say, everything is known in comparison. Therefore, let's try to analyze the foam glass and compare it with other similar insulation. Alternatively, we take a similar purpose - aerated concrete and ceramzite.

Water and parangarity. Unlike foam glass, both of its competitor absorb moisture - aerated concrete, and the ceramzite to a lesser extent. What advantages gives this property of foam glass? First, when using certain adhesive compositions, it allows it to be used as waterproofing. Secondly, it can be applied outside the room without additional protection.
Soundproofing. The block or layer of the foam glass in the form of a thickness of 100mm is able to completely drown out the sound with a power up to 56DB. There is no little, but the rake of the tractor motor for such protection you barely distinguishes.
Antiseptic. If the foam and mineral wool use special impregnations to give these properties, the foam cell itself is an antiseptic. In this regard, it exceeds even aerated concrete and a ceramzite, in which all insects live freely.
Resistance to most types of acids. This advantage is completely deprived of our alternative insulation - and aerated concrete, and clay. Almost all modern thermal insulation materials are destroyed under the influence of aggressive acids.
Non-calamity. It is difficult to talk about the temperature of the ignition of this material, because with the indicator above 750˚C, it only begins to soften. The foam glass can be called generally non-combustible material - it can become liquid, but to light up almost unable.
High compression strength. Here is the principle of co-confrontation of loads. In this regard, the foam glass can be compared with plywood - one layer is easily broken, and ten layers are withstanding huge loads. Similarly, it happens with foam glass - millions of smallest balls are able to withstand the load up to 4MP to 1kv.Sm. This is enough for the wall of the foam glass withstand the weight of concrete floors.
Easy processing. The process of insulation of foam cell can be compared with the laying of aerated concrete - and the other is pretty easily cut by an ordinary tree hacksaw.
Ecology. This property in the modern world is valued very high. This material, except glass and carbon dioxide residues, does not contain.

But this insulation has practically no flaws. These include except that the high cost is today the foam glass is the most expensive thermal insulation material.

How to work with foam glass

Despite the complexity of the production process, it is quite simple to work with foam glass. In this regard, it does not differ from the same aerated concrete or clay. The block foam glass is stacked almost the same as aerated concrete - for this, specialized glue is applied. Depending on the purpose of masonry, the foam glass adhesive can be used different. The foam glass in the form of granules is used as a bench under the tie or filler for light concrete - in this respect it is completely similar to a clay.

Oh neither twist, but better than foam glass, thermal insulation material today is almost impossible to find.

Each person who has identified the thermal insulation of the house is interested in the choice of a qualitative insulation material. By winter, as you know, you should prepare in advance, since it is hard to heat the walls that are not insulated, you can hardly manage to leave the room freely. For this reason, you need to solve two tasks at once:

purchase a good insulation;
competently install it, performing insulation at home.

The foam glass used as a heater has not only insignificant thermal conductivity, but also a list of other characteristics. We will get acquainted with the peculiarities of this material, its strengths and weak parties, leading manufacturers and features of the installation.

Foamglass - what does it represent?

This kind of glass is considered universal insulating material used both in the oil and chemical industry and in construction. Roughly speaking, it is a foamed glass mass.

In the manufacture of this material, silicate glass is used - at high temperature (about a thousand degrees), it is softened, and then carbon is passed through it (this substance plays the role of a kind of gas formator). Thanks to this, the glass masses and foams. After the material cools up to 15-20 degrees, it acquires its unique properties.

Note! The foam glass, as well as mineral wool or polystyrene foam, is used for thermal insulation of the roof, facades, walls, gender, and so on. It can also be insulated with balconies and loggias.

Video - foamed glass

Price

To understand how profitable to buy a foam glass, we suggest familiarizing yourself with the average price of popular insulation materials in the domestic market. For the convenience of visitors, the data are presented as a small table.

Table. Comparison of prices of popular thermal insulators

Insulation	Cost 1 m3, rub
Footplate in products (plates, blocks)
Foam glass in granules
Polystyrene foam
Mineral wool
Mineral plate
Basalt stove
Basalt Vata.
Ceramzite bulk M400.
Nanobotone blocks

How to insulate the facade of polystyrene

Earlier, we talked about the technology of insulation of the facade polystyrene foam, the benefits of the material and laying plates, in addition to this article we advise you to get acquainted with this information.

Disadvantages and weaknesses of foamed glass

Immediately disclaim that the benefits of the foam glass have a mass, it has unique technical characteristics. We will get acquainted with the most essential of them.

The material is strong enough and durable.
It is quite simple to install it, with the procedure it is quite possible to cope with your own.
This insulation is non-combustible.
It is absolutely safe for the body, both in terms of hygiene and in terms of ecology.
It is moisture reform, thereby ensuring the maximum stability and strength of the entire object.
Also, this insulation of racks to the most different aggressive impacts.
In the course of operation, it does not sit down.
Its cost is quite low, so it may well compete with other materials.
Finally, the thermal insulator is resistant to low temperatures.

But there are foam glass and some disadvantages, which should be found before buying.

So, it is quite fragile, as a result of which a certain kind of difficulty may occur during installation.
Low aesthetic indicators - the material itself looks like, to put it mildly, "not very", therefore needs a subsequent decorative decoration.

Note! If the insulation mounting is made in fire-hazardous structures, it is mandatory to use polymer-cement glue, which is known to be extremely elastic and has good adhesion.

Main characteristics of material

Foamglass has, as we have already noted above, excellent characteristics. Read the key features of each of them.

Water and parangarity

This material, as we already know, moistureproof. It does not absorb water and does not increase in size, and also reliably protects the design from the flow. Moreover, it also performs the function of the steam insulating layer. Another heat insulator is durable, it retains the initial thermal conductivity indicator throughout the service life. And this period, by the way, is equal to the service life of the object itself.

Stable dimensions

Due to the insignificant indicator of thermal expansion (especially, to compare with foam) approximated to the coefficient of steel and concrete, thereby ensuring excellent adhesion with the surface, and the internal deforming voltages between these insulating layers is excluded in principle. It is also worth noting that the so-called "cold bridges" in this case are also absent.

Strength indicators

The foam glass compressive strength is 160 tons per square meter.

Chemical value

The material is immune to almost all chemicals. An exception is except the plastic acid, which, by the way, is not the most common substance on the planet. Moreover, the biological environment does not affect the properties of the material, because it is impossible to develop any life-shaped.

It is worth noting that one of the main features of the foamed glass is its unique property - there are no such materials in other materials - "obstruction" for insects and rodents. This is essentially an excellent abrasive, and in nature there are still no biological forms that can be dragged or gnawing abrasives without applying substantial harm.

Safety

The insulation is safe both in terms of hygiene and in terms of environmental friendliness. Blood, used in its manufacture, is 100 percent recyclable material, which can later be recycled to new products.

Oh foolishness

The foam glass is not lit, under the action of high temperatures does not highlight harmful gases and evaporation. If there is a fire, but the insulator will prevent the spread of the flame (we are talking about the so-called "fire effect").

In order to learn more in detail, which is a foamed glass, suggests reading the characteristics of one of the most popular brands in this industry.

Table. Parameters foam glass brand Foamglas

Name, units. Measurements	Indicators
Density, kg / m3
MPA compressive strength
Bezlebet Strength MPa
Thermal conductivity at 25 s, W
Thermal conductivity under operating conditions Ai b, W
Water absorption,%
Parp permeability, mg / (m * h * pa)

Features of the production process

In the manufacture of foam glass, generally accepted standards are observed. For the manufacture, as already noted above, used by glass or, as an option, the same materials that are used in the production of ordinary glass (sand, limestone, soda). After grinding, the silicate glass is treated with carbon (anthracite, coke and so on) can be added to it, in order to be added to it later when heated. When the material cools, it gains a cellular structure required by standards. The cells themselves here are closed type, they can have both hexagonal and round shape.

The dimensions of the cells can be different - from the tenths of a millimeter to a whole centimeter. As for the porosity of the insulation, here this figure varies within 80-90 percent. It is also worth noting that after foaming, the volume of the material increases approximately 15 (!) Times.

Varieties of foamed glass

There are several types of foam glass, read the features of each of them.

Insulation, made in the form of blocks and plates.
Crisp heat insulator made in the form of granules.
The molded insulator (this group includes elements of the shaped destination - adapters, couplings, connecting fittings and other).
Fight or crumb of foamed glass.

Plates / blocks can be used in any construction industry, including in tandem with other building materials. When the blocks are aligned during the manufacture, the waste remaining at the same time are used as a crumb of foam glass. The material is granulated, as can be judged from the name, is performed in the form of granules having different dimensions - from the tenths of a millimeter to several centimeters.

Video - Types and use of foam glass

Scope of application of the described insulation

Penodoneglo has a rather large operational period - it is about 100 years. This is an excellent option of isolation in private house-building. Using it, you can isolate almost any structure, including buildings that are characterized by special requirements for humidity and temperature regimes (for example, baths, pools, so on., As well as fireplaces and smoking structures).

Using blocks of foamed glass, you can heat the objects of almost any forms, the climate can be the most different. The insulation in granules is cheaper than blocks, but also somewhat inferior to them in their insulating characteristics. In most layers, the granules are used in the composition of frustration in the insulation of the roof, gender, external walls, as well as in the role of aggregate in various plaster and masonry solutions.

The baby, in turn, is an effective bulk thermal insulator, which has a lot of advantages of foamed glass. With it, you can replace the clayzite or any other bulk insulation.

Note! Due to its resistance to high temperatures and chemical exposure, foam glass is actively used in insulation of reaction media and various equipment.

Instructions for the use of foamed glass as thermal insulation material

The foamed glass is a universal insulation, which we have repeatedly spoken. This means that it can be used for a variety of structural elements of objects, consider each of the possible options in more detail.

Option number 1. Wall insulation with foamed glass

In most cases, walls are insulated with foam glass. As a rule, external insulation is performed, although due to its ecology, the material may well be used for internal insulation. The installation procedure itself does not constitute anything complicated and includes the following steps.

Step 1. Initially, the surface is prepared. Dirt, dust, as well as the layer of the previous finishing material (with any) are removed from the walls.

Step 2. Penochock is processed by a special adhesive composition (as an option, it can be used instead of an ordinary solution from cement). It is also worth noting that the hydro or vaporizolizing layer is not needed in this case, since the foamed glass does not absorb moisture.

Step 3. The unit is most closely pressed against the wall. What is characteristic, additional fasteners are not required here.

Note! The material is very fragile, for this reason, it is recommended to use only the glue composition. If dowels or self-tapping screws are used, the structure of the insulation can be destroyed.

Step 4. On top of the heat insulator is applied with a plastering layer.

If foam glass is used for insulation, then the total weight of the design is noticeably declining, therefore, it is not necessary to lay a particularly powerful base. This moment is especially relevant in cases where country houses are constructed on swampy soils (near reservoirs) or relatively weak.

Option number 2. Floor insulation

The blocks of this insulation are not seated and are characterized by increased rigidity, and therefore, with their help, you can isolate the floor. The algorithm of actions in this case should be as follows.

Step 1. The base is covered with a thin sandy "pillow" (about 50 millimeters thick).

Step 2. Plates of thermal insulator are stacked over the sand.

Step 3. The gaps formed between the plates are stirred by mounting foam.

Step 4. A reinforced concrete screed is equipped over the insulation layer.

For such a basis, the arrangement of the old good militant floor is ideal.

Note! If the insulated floor is located above the basement, then it is necessary to isolate from the inside, that is, with the heated side of the room.

Option number 3. Isolation of foundation

As neither regrettable, but the problem of flooding is relevant for many country owners. After all, if in the ground the high concentration of the river organic, the base and walls of the house will start to dance, as a result of which they will cut down, they will begin to sit down, rot, rust. In short, building materials will be destroyed. Not the best way out of such a situation is the frequent capital repairs. It is preferable to take care of the problem in the construction of the house, and it is better to apply foamed glass for this.

If you protect the foundation or basement with this insulation, then such a problem will disappear once and for all. After all, foam-glass not only protects the structure of building materials, but also provides the most favorable climate in the indoor indoor. This is possible due to the porous structure of the insulation, which remains throughout its service life.

Option number 4. Bath insulation

A distinctive feature of the bathroom is not only a special, specific microclimate, but also the aggressiveness of the medium caused by elevated thermal and humidity indicators. A number of thermal insulators are simply unable to withstand such extreme operating conditions and highlights pairs, harmful to the human body. But the foamed glass can be applied without fears to protect the bath. The procedure of insulation is performed in the same way as in the case of household or economic premises.

Video - thermal insulation at home by foam cell. First part

The second part of

The third part. Outdoor plaster

Fourth part. Interior decoration

Summing up

Experienced experts assure that foam glass has simply unique characteristics that have no other insulating material. Thanks to this, the insulation and uses so much popular in the field of construction throughout its history (and then almost a century).

Foamglass (foamed glass, cellular glass) - Environmentally friendly and durable insulation (thermal insulation material). It is produced when glass is heated to a temperature of 700-1000 degrees Celsius, as well as the addition of a gas formator. As a result, it turns out foamed glass masses, similar to solid soap foam with cells in the form of spheres or pyramids (spherical and hexagonal cells). Penodoneglo has high thermal insulating and sound insulation properties. In contrast to many other insulation, the foam glass is not afraid of moisture and even can be kept on the water. The foam glass can be used for insulation of walls, floors and roofs.

Since in addition to glass and gas formation, manufacturers can add various impurities to foamula, the color of the product obtained can be from light brown and blue to black. In addition to color, the characteristics of the foam glass from various manufacturers are also different. In particular, some types of foam glass have greater steam-conducting and / or better thermal insulation properties. And some types of foam glass are so strong that they can be used as a thermal deposition under the bearing wall. In addition to the advantages used in the production of foam glass, for example, outdated production technology may have disadvantages, such as the release of hydrogen sulfide during the operation of the foam glass.

Types of foam glass:

granulated foam glass (gravel, crushed stone, sand),

block foam glass (blocks, plates and shells from foam glass).

Russian foam glass manufacturers:

(Aisaem Glass / Icmglass, Kaluga Region). Penodonegular crushed stone (PSIS).

/ Saitax (Dmitrovsky factory of innovative thermal insulation materials and composites, Moscow region). Granulated foam glass (gravel and crushed stone), granulated foam gunners, plaster and foam-based mixture. Granules contain hydrogen sulfide.

(Staes-Vladimir, Vladimir). Heat insulating plates, shaped products (shells, segments, knee), fractional heat insulation crushed stone.

(Moscow region). Granulated foam glass.

(Krasnoyarsk). Plates from foam glass.

(OOO "Novoural Plant of thermal insulation products Teziz", Sverdlovsk region). Plate foam glass spike groove, foam glass crumb. The penetrate thesis is not clean, contains a binding component, thanks to which vapor permeability is carried out.

(CJSC "MODIS", Yaroslavl region). Granulated foam glass.

(LLC "Penocham", Perm). Platular (block) and granulated foam glass (gravel, crushed stone, sand).

(LLC "SBT", Tula region) - granular foam glass and foam-meramics.

(Moscow region) is a granular foam glass, foamulatory crushed stone, dry mixes with foam glass, dry fridge from the foam glass of various fractions.

(Novgorod region) - granulated foam glass.

(United Industrial Initiative, Moscow Region). Blocks, plates, shaped products (shells, segments, knee, boxes) from foam glass. It imports Pittsburgh Corning products, in Russia it makes shells, segments, knee, conical segments, collapsible structures.

Belarusian foam glass manufacturers:

(OJSC "Gomelsteklo"). Block foam glass and foam-glass crumb.

What other Russian and Belarusian manufacturers also offer foam glass?

When buying products from foam glass, you must pay attention to thermal insulation properties and strength characteristics. They can be very different from different manufacturers.

The advantages of foam glass:

Good heat and sound insulation

Waterproofing, vapor insulation

Ecology (does not release toxic substances), sanitary security

Non-aggression, fire safety

Durability (retains the physical properties of 80-100 or more years)

Wide temperature range of application (from extremely low to extremely high temperatures in hundreds of degrees)

Does not absorb and does not accumulate odors

Resistant to the effects of rodents and pests, because does not contain organic compounds

Resistant to aggressive media, including acids and organic solvents.

Insoluble in water, not blurred by water, allows you to build floating structures.

Size stability (no shrinkage due to a rigid non-shrinkage)

Low linear temperature expansion coefficient

Strength

It is not a nutrient medium for fungi, mold, microorganisms

Wine glazed glass production can be used for production

Disadvantages of foam glass:

High cost, especially slab foam glass

Fragile structure, so it is important to comply with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Very low steps, which in some cases can lead to locking moisture between the wall and the insulation, and, as a result, the appearance of fungi and mold is not excluded.

It is damaged under the influence of strong alkalis and plastic acid.

The absence of plasticity plates (there is a risk of cracking due to mobility of the base or walls)

Please note that some manufacturers offer plates from foam glass, although they contain plaster, cement, basalt wool, ... to the present foam cell such products are certainly small, their characteristics can differ significantly. For example, one of the Russian manufacturers offers an innovative "foam glass" based on sodium glass; This material has low strength and limited moisture resistance, is not an analogue of calcium-sodium glass. This foamboard has a melted structure, providing moisture resistance, frost resistance, durability, operational stability, non-combustibility, strength and durability. Durability of foampelters from the "liquid" glass drops sharply when exposed to water vapor, because As part there are silicates.

Some manufacturers offer to use polyurethane glue or bitumen mastic for styling foam-plates. In case of its use, environmental friendliness is lost.

Andrei Kuryshev in his program "" a lot told a lot about the merits of the environmentally friendly insulation of foam-glass. Unfortunately, from the moment the program is released, this thermal insulation material has greatly risen. In this regard, the practice of applying foam glass in Russia remains very small.

Hearth foam glass, especially when used on the facade, you need to be carried out correctly. It will not hurt to pay attention to the recommendations of manufacturers. Since foam cells react with alkalis, the use of cement-based glue for blocks is strictly prohibited. Foamglas, for example, offers a glue based on a modified bitumen.

"Since the outer surface of the material consists of a plurality of cut cells, the foam glass is easily and firmly glued by mastic, it is well placed, combined with aluminosilicate knitting (cement, lime-cement solutions)."

"Three-layer walls. Blocks are recommended to be used as a middle layer of three-layer brick walls made of ceramic or silicate bricks on cement-sand or cement-lime solution, as well as from other small-piece materials, such as structural light concrete, cellular concrete, aerated concrete, gas-silicate etc."

"Two-layer walls. Blocks are recommended to be used as a thermal insulation of two-layer walls. The insulation is laid directly on the inner surface on glue, mastic or using mechanical fixation."

But since the foam glass can react with alkalis, as well as due to cement shrinkage, use these recommendations to be carefully.

The UE "Institute Niptis" developed and approved the recommendations "The use of thermal insulation blocks from foam glass with the insulation of buildings and structures." They can be found as recommendations for the calculation of thermal insulation and recommendations for the design, including concerning two-layer and three-layer walls, light plaster and severe plaster, insulation of walls on the inside, insulation of the roof and attic floors, thermal insulation of the caps.

Despite the disadvantages of the foam glass, if there are durability, environmental friendliness, fire safety and inertness, then there is practically no alternative. At the same time, the slab foam glass is very expensive. In addition, foam glass is afraid of alkalis, so it is impossible to use plates with cement. In addition, in the case of a tire foam cell, the question of locking moisture in a multilayer wall is not solved.

Instead of plates from the foam glass, you can use well brickwork with foam glass puffing or foam-glass rubble. In addition, the foam glass is the perfect heat-insulating material for basements, basements, ceilings, attic, where its thermal insulation properties are complemented by paneraphracy.