It's no secret that copper and aluminum wires are not recommended. But many, even knowing it, they still neglect by this, hoping for Russian "Avos will be held."
As a result, such a pair of copper aluminum will live very long. And if the connection is on the street or indoors with high humidity, then the life of such a pair is at times less.
But quite often there are situations when we need to connect copper and aluminum wiring. Often this situation occurs when repairing electrical wiring in homes, where aluminum wiring is laid.
We will help to get out of this situation, we will help us with special terminals and bolted compounds, through which we connect copper and aluminum wires. Applying terminal and bolted joints, we do not allow direct contact with copper aluminum pair.
Not particularly going into the design features of terminal clamps, consider the most used of them.
One of the old and proven ways to connect wires are type terminal connections. They received their name, because of the external similarity with nuts.
Connections of this type consist of three plates, between which, actually, the wires are clamped. One of the advantages of this type of connection is that to connect the exhaust wire, there is no need to break the line. It is enough just to unscrew 2 bolts, insert the wire between the two plates, and tighten the bolts into place. The exhaust wire is inserted between the middle and the remaining plate. All, the connection is ready.
The next to popularity can be called. These connecting terminals allow you to produce from aluminum and copper. It is enough just to clean the wires for 10-15 mm, insert into the hole of the terminal bar, and everything, the next connection is ready to work.
The inside of the clermin is filled with a special lubricant, which does not allow the wires to be oxidized. Use this type of compounds we recommend in lighting chains. The use of these compounds in power circuits is not recommended, since a large load can lead to heating of spring contacts, and as a result of a bad contact.
Another popular compound is. Externally, they represent a bar with terminal micro. It is enough to clean the end of the wire, insert into one hole and pinch the screw. An exposed end of the second wire is inserted into another hole. These terminal cords also allow connecting wires from different metals.
Bolted wire connections. This type of connection can also be used if you need to connect the copper and aluminum wires. When installing the compound, it is necessary to install a metal anodized washer between the copper and aluminum wire.
All installation work should conduct a specialist. All screw and bolt connections must be checked: for aluminum wires - once in half a year, for copper- enough every two years.
Sergey SEROMASHENKO
There are still quite a lot of apartments in which the electrical wiring is made by aluminum wires. And since manufacturers of lighting and electrical engineering switched to copper feed cables, the question of how to connect the copper and aluminum wire, is still relevant today. Due to the fact that copper and aluminum have different electrical potentials, the voltage will necessarily be formed between them. If this bunch of two metals was located in a vacuum, the connection would light forever. What can not be said about the air atmosphere where humidity is present. It is a catalyst for chemical processes inside the contact of copper and aluminum.
Experts have long come to the belief that the potential difference is greater than 0.6 mV is already dangerous for wire connections. You won't call such contact long-term. As for copper and aluminum, the electrical potential is 0.65 mV between them, which is higher than the norm. A galvanic pair is obtained as in the battery. Therefore, it is not allowed to connect them in the electrical wiring. But what to do those who have an aluminum wire layout diagram in an apartment or house? There are several outputs.
Twist two wires
The oldest option for connecting electrical wires is a twist. He is the easiest. We return to the electric potentials of metals. In aluminum with lead-tin solder, the potential difference is 0.4 mV, in copper with a solder only 0.25 mV. It turns out that if one of the connected wires are processed by this solder, you can carry out a safe connection. Usually solder are applied to the copper wire.
You can browse the single-core wire, and stranded. In the second case, the cores need to twist, while the amount is taken into account. For cables of a large cross section, three veins can be brought for small sections (no more than 1 mm²) five lived.
But even this connection option does not allow one hundred percent warranty that contact will work for a long time. There is such a concept as a linear expansion of metals, that is, under the action of temperatures, they expand. When twitching, it is not always possible to achieve a thick clips of the wires to each other. When expanding between them, gaps are formed, which reduce the density of the adjoining. And this leads to a decrease in the conductive value. That is why the twist is rare today.
Threaded contact
It is believed that threaded copper compounds with aluminum are the most reliable contacts that will serve without problems of the entire life of the wires themselves. Easy connection and the ability to docile multiple cables in one node make this type in demand today. True, it is usually used to dock the wires of a large cross section. The number of connected electrical lines will be limited only by the bolt length (screw).
We return to the electrical potential of metals and determine that between aluminum and steel (all elements of the bolted compound are made from it) the potential difference is 0.2 mV, between copper and steel - 0.45 mV, which is again less than the standard. That is, the oxidation is not threatened with all those present in the bunch of metals. The strength of the compound of aluminum wires with copper in this case provides a well-carried out clamp of the nut. Between two veins, steel washers are installed as a limiter or contact break.
Attention! During the operation of the threaded joint, it is necessary to ensure that the building vibrations does not occur spontaneous unscrewing nut. This will deposit contact. Therefore, under the flat washer necessarily stacked the washer of Grovers.
How to spend correct contact with a threaded connection
To properly connect aluminum and copper wires with each other, you must:
- Remove the insulating layer for a length equal to the four diameters of the bolt. If the M6 \u200b\u200bbolt is used, the length of the open section should be 24 mm.
- If the veins already have oxidation on the surface, then it is necessary to clean them.
- The ends are folded into the rings with a diameter of slightly larger than the diameter of the bolt.
- Now in the sequence put on the bolt: a simple flat washer, one of any wire, a flat washer, the second wire, another washer flat, the washer of grovers and nut, which is twisted until it stops.
Note that for the clamp in this way of wires, the cross section of no more than 2 mm² can be used bolt M4. If the copper wire is processed by the solder, it is not necessary to lay a puck between two cores. The end of the multicore copper cable must be processed by the solder.
Incomponable connection
This type of contact is similar to the previous one, only it is indeplicated. And if there is a need to add another wire to it, then the connection will have to break and make it in a new way. In fact, this contact is based on riveting clips. The process itself is performed using a special tool called a riveter.
- Purified from the insulation of the ends, as in the previous embodiment.
- Rings are made slightly larger than the rivet diameter (the maximum value is 4 mm).
- First put on an aluminum end.
- Then the flat washer.
- Copper end.
- Another washer.
- Insert the end of the rivet into the riveter and squeeze the handles of the tool to click, which indicates that the cutting of the steel rod occurred.
Contact in the terminal block
This type of compound of copper and aluminum wire is most often used in lighting devices. Pads come complete with lamps. For the reliability of the connection, they are inferior to threaded contacts, but this is one of the easiest options. There is no need to twist the rings, or to brighten the ends, to carry out insulation. It is necessary to clean the wires for a length of 5-10 mm and insert the devices to the terminal grooves. Clamp is made with screw. Effort to attach will have, especially for aluminum wire.
If with the help of the terminal blocks, copper with aluminum is connected, then it is impossible to lay the device under the plaster. It can only be used in closed boxes: in the junction box or in the cap of the lamp.
Terminal
Wago.
Wago adapter can not be accessed. This is a German-made device with which you can connect aluminum and copper with each other without effort and without tools. The only thing to do is to clean the ends of the conductors.
Termnik WAGO - a spring device in which cable veins are inserted, and it will automatically clamp them. Today, the manufacturer offers two executions of the pads: disposable (series 773) and reusable (series 222). In the first case, the wires are inserted into the terminal bar and you can only pull them out from there, breaking the device. The second option is the device, which includes levers. Raising or lowering them, you can clamp the end of the vein or release it. In each detachable nest there is a lever.
In a disposable terminal bar, it is possible to install wires with a cross section of no more than 2.5 mm² (it is withstanding current up to 10 A), in a reusable no more than 4 mm² (current up to 34 A).
Orekhi
Another design, with which you can dock aluminum with copper. The device is made from a metal connective element of a plate-type and plastic case, something like a nut. Hence the name.
The principle of fastening, like a threaded option. Only on the design, these are two plates that are pressed to each other with four screws. In one of the plates in the holes, the thread is cut to which screws are screwed, compressing the plates between themselves. Connect aluminum with copper so:
- Protect the ends of the conductors.
- One is inserted on one side into a specially formed groove between the plates.
- On the other hand, the second is inserted. It is important here that two wires (aluminum and copper) do not come into contact inside the connecting device. Therefore, the composition of the nut includes an additional plate of steel, which is located between the clamping elements. So one wire must be placed on top of this plate, the second under it. This will ensure the absence of contact between copper and aluminum wires.
- Screws are clamped until it stops, which ensures the reliability of the contact.
- The design is closed by a spring-loaded case.
Today manufacturers offer a wide variety of nuts, both in terms of power and size. There are options in which the hull itself does not open, and the whole filling is hidden in it and is not available. Connection is made by inserting the end of the wire into the socket, where it is clamped with a screw. There are nuts with a toothed connection, you just need to insert a conductor in the groove where compression will occur with the help of teeth, which will ensure the reliability of contact.
Returning to the questions, it is possible to connect, and how to properly connect the copper and aluminum wires, you need to make a generalization that there is a lot of options. Each has its advantages and cons, but under the necessary requirements you can choose one correct, which will create the conditions for long-term operation of the electrical distribution scheme.
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When installing electrical wiring, it is quite often a need to connect different current conductors, namely, aluminum and copper wires. From the point of view of electrical and fire safety, this type of connection is more risky and must be carried out with strict observance of a number of rules.
What is the essence of the problem of connecting aluminum and copper wires, and what are the options for its solution? Let's try to figure out.
The complexity of the compound of aluminum and copper wires
Over the past decades, there was a rapid growth in power consumption by the population. This led to an increase in the load on the electrical networks and, accordingly, to connect the wires in the wiring.
Therefore, today there are serious requirements for the installation of electrical wiring aimed at increasing electro- and fire safety.
Reliable connection indicators:
- The density of tightened contact.
- Electrochemical compatibility of contact wires.
The first requirement of high-quality electrical wiring is quite simple. The second requirement in practice is often ignored and connected by direct method (twisting) incompatible current conductors. It is due to the electrochemical incompatibility of metals arise difficulties when connecting copper and aluminum wires.
Aluminum - metal with an increased degree of oxidation. The oxide film formed on the surface of the aluminum wire during contact with humidity has high resistance. This negatively affects the conduction of the connections.
Copper is a sufficiently inert metal and oxide film on copper wires has a smaller resistance.
In a pair, copper and aluminum form a short-circuited galvanic connection - when moisture gets into contact, the aluminum wire begins to actively oxidize. A thin film with high resistance is formed between the current conductors, as a result, the conductor is hampered, the electrolysis process occurs, the sinks, heating, sparking of contacts are formed at the contact site. Such a situation can lead to ignition.
The electrochemical potential between copper and aluminum is 0.65 mV, while the permissible value of this indicator is 0.60 mV
The solution to this problem is the exclusion of direct contact between aluminum and copper wires. There are several options for connecting different conductors that ensure the reliability and safety of electrical wiring.
Main ways of connecting different current conductors
Application of terminal blocks
The most common way is to connect wire through terminal blocks.
In fact, the terminal block is an insulating plate with contacts. Fastening the wires in the terminal block there are two types:
- screw tightening (there is a risk of damage to the wire by the screw itself);
- pressing plates (more reliable mounting option).
To the number of "terminal" method of connecting wires can be attributed:
- simplicity of connection;
- the connection does not need to be additionally wasolate;
- available cost of adapters.
The sequence of compounding copper electrical wires with aluminum:
The terminal block is convenient to use when the chandelier is connected when the length of the conductor is too short, or to connect the broken and interrupted in the wall of copper and aluminum wires.
Terminal block before hiding under the finish, be sure to put in the junction box
Spring terminals for connecting wires
One of the varieties of terminal pads are pads with a spring closure WAGO.
Spring terminals - the most efficient and fast way to connect wires. The main difference from conventional terminal workers is in the method of fixing the wire - the spring clamp is applied. It is enough to remove the insulating layer from the conductor and insert the wire into the terminal bar.
In order to connect the copper and aluminum wire, it is better to use special Wago Terminals. Contacts in such a terminal plate are made of bimetallic plate and covered with special paste, preventing wire oxidation.
Spring terminals are two types:
The disadvantage of terminal blocks with spring mechanism is their cost, they are an order of magnitude more expensive than ordinary adapters.
connection through "nut"
To connect wires with a large cross section (4 mm² or more), you can apply a branch slice known in everyday life as "nut". It is a plastic body of an oval shape, inside which is a block of metal plates. Aluminum and copper wires are clamped between plates with screws.
This compound is not entirely convenient because of the large dimensions of the adapter itself, which is difficult to hide under the decoration trim: plinths and boxes.
Incomponable connection
In-block connection is performed using a special tool - a riveter.
The principle of operation of the riveter is simple - retracting and subsequent cutting with a rod that passes through a tubular rivet with a hat.
Wire connection technology Next:
- From conductors to remove insulation (the cleaning length is equal to 4th diameters of future rings). Optimally, if the diameter of the rings will slightly exceed the diameter of the rivet.
- From the peeled ends of the wire twist the rings.
- On the rivet to wear all the elements in such a sequence:
- aluminum wire;
- spring washer;
- copper wire;
- flat washer.
- Steel rod insert into the riveter and squeeze his handles to a characteristic click.
- Called connection sections need to isolate.
The reliability of an in-point connection is very high, the only drawback is not possible to disconnect and reincarnate the wires.
Alternative methods for connecting aluminum and copper wires
If there are no special adapters or a rivet at hand, you can use alternative ways to connect different conductors.
Bolt connection It is considered rather durable and safe. Among its advantages, it is possible to highlight the simplicity of installation and versatility (in this way, almost any types and brands of aluminum wires with copper) can be combined.
Technology for performing a bolted connection:
For connecting conductors with a cross section of less than 2 mm², screw M4 is suitable
A technologically more complex and time-consuming method - applying solder on the copper wire. You can use lead tin solder.
Upon contact of aluminum with lead-tin solder, an electrochemical resistance indicator is 0.40 mV (permissible norm - no more than 0.60 mV)
The wire connection sequence will be as follows:
This method can be applied if there is no jumpers or bolted connection is not placed in the box. However, for electrical pipes with significant loads, this connection cannot be used.
Features of the connection of wires indoors and on the street
Connections of wires located on the street are exposed to external factors and need additional protection.
The optimal solution for compounds on the street is the use of branch clips for SIP. The manufacturer of the manufacture of clamps is resistant to ultraviolet rays and low negative temperatures.
In addition, the streets of nuts are suitable for the street.
You can use different conductors to connect the wiring indoors. One of the most convenient is the self-superscript Terminal Wago.
Specialist advice: how can you not connect aluminum and copper wires
There are often cases of applying dangerous, unacceptable ways to connect aluminum and copper wires that have had very sad consequences. These methods include:
- Copper and aluminum wire twist. It should be noted that a number of specialists do not recognize the twist, even if a layer of soldering is applied to the copper wire.
- Wirker twist with subsequent protection of the connection site from moisture. As a waterproofing, some "crafts" use paraffin, butter or varnish. This method is unacceptable and, to put it mildly, is ineffective.
To date, the problem of connecting different current conductors is solved very simply and quickly - it is enough to purchase one of the special adapters. Therefore, it is absolutely inappropriate to spend time and experience unverified methods, jeopardizing the safety of not only housing, and people living in it.
In residential buildings, which were built in Soviet times, electrical wiring was performed by aluminum wires. Modern household network Professional electricians prefer to make copper wires. Therefore, we want it or not, but often it is necessary to deal with such a problem as connecting the copper and aluminum wire. Do not listen to those who will tell you that it is impossible to do this categorically. Of course, not all ways are suitable for a given case, however, the connection of electrical aluminum and copper wires is a completely solid task. The main thing is to fulfill everything right.
These two metal have different chemical properties, which affects the quality of their connection. But there were smart heads that came up with how to connect two conductors, excluding direct contact between them.
We will look at all the existing options for how to connect the copper and aluminum wire, but for starters, let's understand why it is impossible to make it an ordinary twist and what is the cause of such incompatibility?
Causes of incompatibility
The main reasons for the undesirable connection between these two metals will cover the aluminum wire.
the result of the cleaner of copper and aluminum - overheating of the connection, melting isolation, the possibility of fire
There are three reasons, but they all lead to the same result - over time, the contact connection of the wires weakens, begins to overheat, the insulation melts and the short circuit occurs.
- The aluminum wire has the ability to oxidation under the influence of moisture in the air. When contacting copper, this happens much faster. In the oxide layer, the resistance value is obtained greater than that of the metal aluminum, which leads to excessive heating of the conductor.
- Compared to the copper conductor, aluminum is softer and has less electrical conductivity, due to which it is heated stronger. In the process of operation, the conductors are constantly heated and cooled, resulting in several expansion and compression cycles. But aluminum and copper have a big difference in linear expansion, so the change in temperature leads to the weakening of the contact compound, and weak contact is always the cause of strong heating.
- The third reason is that copper and aluminum have galvanic incompatibility. If you perform their twisting, then when the electrical current is passed through such a node, even with a minimum humidity, a chemical electrolysis reaction will occur. It in turn causes corrosion, as a result of which the contact compound is disturbed, and as a result, heating, the insulation, short circuit, fire.
Bolt connection
The bolted connection of aluminum wires with copper is considered the most affordable, simple, fast and reliable. To work, you will need a bolt, nut, several steel washers and a wrench.
Of course, you can hardly apply this method to connect wires in the apartment distribution box, because now they are released miniature sizes, and the resulting electrical node will be very cumbersome. But if your house still costs the boxes of Soviet times or when you need to connect in the distribution panel, then such a bolted way is suitable in the best possible way. In general, it is considered an ideal option when it is necessary to switch absolutely incompatible veins - with a different cross section, made of various materials, stranded with single-core.
It is important to know that with the help of a bolted way you can connect more of two conductors (their number depends on how much the length of the bolt).
You will need to do the following:
- Each wire or cable is cleaned from the insulating layer by 2-2.5 cm.
- From the stripped tips, form the rings on the diameter of the bolt so that they can easily wear it.
- Now take the bolt, put the puck on it, then the ring of the copper conductor, again the washer, the ring of the aluminum conductor, the washer and tighten everything with a nut.
- Inseulate the connection using an insulating tape.
Most importantly, do not forget between aluminum and copper wires to place an intermediate washer. If you connect several different conductors, it can not be installed between the veins from one metal.
Another advantage of such a compound is that it is discerned. At any time you can spin it and if necessary, then connect additional wires.
How to properly perform bolted wires in detail in this video:
Clamp "Walnut"
Another good way to combine the copper and aluminum wire to combine the use of "Walnut" clamps. It is more correct to call the shout. These are already electricians nicknamed it with "nut" due to external similarity.
It represents a dielectric polycarbonate case, inside of which the metal core (or core) is located. The core is two dies, each of which has a groove for a certain cross section of the conductor, and an intermediate plate, all this combines bolts.
Such compounds are sold at any store of electrical products, they have different types that depend on the cross section of the connected wires. The disadvantage of such a device is not a tightness, that is, there is a possibility of moisture, dust and even small sera. For reliability and quality of the connection, it is better from above to wind the "nut" of the insulating tape.
The process of connecting wires with such a complication is as follows:
- Disassemble the compressive body, for this, you will find and remove the locking rings with a fine screwdriver.
- On the connected wires, clean the insulating layer on the length of the dice.
- Unscrew the locking bolts and insert the cage conductions into the spotted grooves.
- Tighten the bolts, place the shoe in the compressive body.
- Close the housing and put on the locking rings.
Practical example of using the walnut clamp is shown in this video:
Terminal block
The cheap and simple solution in the question, how to connect aluminum wires with copper, is the use of terminal blocks. You can buy them now - this is not a problem at all, moreover, you can buy not a whole section, but ask the seller to cut off the desired number of cells. Terminal pads are sold different sizes, depending on the section of the conductors connected in them.
What is such a shoe? This is a polyethylene transparent frame, calculated immediately into several cells. Inside each cell there is a brass tubular performance sleeve. From the opposite sides, in this sleeve it is necessary to insert the tips of the connected wires and clamp with two screws.
The use of terminal blocks is very convenient because it is always possible to cut off exactly so many cells, how many pairs of wires must be connected, for example, in one junction box.
Use terminal pads is very simple:
- Unscrew one clamping screw, exempting one side of the sleeve for a passage of the conductor.
- On the veins of the aluminum wire, clean the insulation for a length of 5 mm. Insert it into the terminal, tighten the screw, thereby pressing the conductor to the sleeve. Screw the screw should be firmly, but do not too much at the same time not to turn the core.
- Do the same operations with a copper wire, inserting it into the sleeve from the opposite side.
Why do you have to do everything alternately? You can immediately unscrew two screws, insert wires and spin. This is done in order to make copper and aluminum wires in touch with each other inside the brass sleeve.
As you can see, the advantages of terminal blocks are simplicity and speed of their use. This connection method refers to the terminated, if necessary, you can pull one conductor and replace it with another.
Terminal pads are not fully suitable for connecting multicore conductors in them. In order to do this, you must first take advantage of the sleeve tips that the bunch of lived.
There is another feature in the use of terminal blocks. Under the pressure of the screw at room temperature, aluminum can flow. Therefore, a periodic audit of the terminal and the contact connection suspension, where the aluminum wire is fixed. If this is neglected, the aluminum conductor in the terminal block is loosened, the contact will weaken, it will begin to heat up and sell, which can end with fire.
How to connect wires using a terminal block shown in this video:
Self-visible terminals
Even faster and easier to combine aluminum and copper conductors in self-arc terminals.
The stripped veins need to be inserted into the holes of the terminal until it stops. There they are automatically fixed using the clamping plates (it firmly presses the conductor to the tinted tire). Thanks to the transparent terminal casing, you can control whether it went to the terminal. The lack of such devices is that they are disposable.
If you want a clip of reusable, use the lever execution terminals. The lever rises and frees the entrance to the hole in which it is necessary to insert the sheltered core. After that, the lever is descended back, thereby fixing the conductor in the terminal. This connection is connected, if necessary, the lever rises, and the wire is taken from the terminal.
In the best way in the electrical engineering market, the Self-Gone Terminals "WAGO" have proven. The manufacturer produces a special series of terminals, in which there is a contact paste "Alu-Plus". This substance protects the position of the contact compound of aluminum and copper from the manifestation of electrolytic corrosion processes. Data terminals you can distinguish on a special labeling on the packaging "Al Cu".
Use such terminals is also extremely simple. At the very climax, it is indicated for which length it is necessary to clean the insulating layer of the conductor.
The advantages and disadvantages of the use of Wago Terminals are described in this video:
Job connection
The twist of copper and aluminum wires is not recommended. If without it, neither do not do, then to begin with the copper conductor, that is, to cover it with lead-tin solder. So you eliminate the possibility of direct interaction of aluminum and copper.
Do not forget that aluminum is very soft and fragile, can go on a break even with minor loads, so perform a twist extremely gently. Do not forget the connection to be insulated, it is best to use a heat-suite tube in this case.
We tried to tell you in detail whether the wires from aluminum and copper can be interconnected, as well as how to do it high quality and reliably. Choose the most suitable way for yourself depending on where this connection will be switched and operated.
Reading time ≈ 3 minutes
Installation of wiring never costs without connecting wires. The higher the power consumption in everyday life increases, the greater the correct connection of electrical wiring wires, which would ensure the requirements for electrical and fire safety. The correct connection of the wires is the level of contact density, as well as the electrochemical compatibility of metals connected by the wires.
Now in many apartments still remains aluminum wiring. As soon as there is a simple task for replacing the chandelier or outlet in such an apartment, there may be a problem connections of aluminum and copper wires.
It is known that the direct connection of these metals is strictly prohibited and is a gross violation. The direct contact of copper and aluminum is unacceptable due to the incompatibility of these metals. Under the influence of moisture, such a connection becomes unsafe: may cause fire.
Dry contact, though slightly more reliable, but also unsafe: just it will collapse more slowly. If this contact suddenly falls moisture, an accident can happen even with a slight current.
How to combine aluminum and copper wires in such a situation?
There are several ways, here are the main of them according to PUE:
- Using terminal clamps
- By a threaded connection
- Using a layer of neutral material
- Using welding
Perhaps the easiest way will be the use of a neutral material layer. As a neutral metal acts lead-tin solder.
Make it very simple
- The stationery knife must be carefully cut and remove the insulation from the wires by about 6-7 cm. Do not put the knife perpendicularly, so you can cut the living wire. It is better to do this at an angle, about the way you are draining a pencil.
- Using a soldering iron cover copper wire solder. To do this, score on the sting of the soldering iron solder and dip in the rosin. After the rosin melts, we spend very quickly sting on the wire.
- We are convinced that the copper wire is well lifted. Solder must completely cover the wire.
- We make a twist of irradiated copper and aluminum wires. A good twist should occupy as a result of approximately 4 cm.
The method is good in that it does not require the presence of clamps, or if the bolted connection does not fit into the box.
Despite the fact that the way simple and fast, yet, if the bulk content is not a problem - it is better to use a threaded connection, it will be more reliable. Threaded connection of copper and aluminum wires Also performed quite simple. For this type of connection, it is necessary to prepare a spring washer, three simple washers and nut. If the conductors have a diameter lived to 2 mm, choose the screw m4.
- Remove isolation about the length of four diameters of the screw.
- We clean the metal to the brilliance and form the rings.
- We wear a spring washer on the screw, then a simple washer, then the ring of one conductor, a simple washer, a ring of the second conductor, washer, a nut.
- We screw the screw and we will tighten everything until the spring washer is straightened and we are still at least half the turn.
If the copper wire is multiple, first need to be accepted. Do not forget that such connections must be periodically verified: the optimal frequency is once a year.