Reinforced concrete slabs of overlappings in a common building estimate does not occupy a dominant place, but by mass indicators this design item cannot be discounted. At the project development stage, it is necessary to clearly calculate what loads can be taken out of the walls and the base of the building, and then make a choice in favor of this or that type of inter-storey overlap.
Types of LB Plate Overlap
A variety of modifications of this building element is relatively small, all of them are standard, as they are made exclusively by gtostas. All existing varieties of the priest meet the requirements of safety during the construction of high-altitude, low-rise or industrial buildings.
- Plate of overlap solid is a monolithic product that does not have large internal voids. Weight slab 120 mm thick - from 4300 to 7100 kg. At the same time, the higher the brand of concrete, the greater the strength and weight of the ceiling element. The weight of the slab overlap is 160 m thick - up to 8700 kg.
A variety of full-scale slabs of overlapping are challenges. The length of such products is standard full-size plates (1.8 - 5 m), but the width is significantly less as the weight (up to 1500 kg).
- The hollow (lightweight) floors plates have a smaller weight, since their body is permeated with the technological holes of a certain form. Basically, it is round chambers with a diameter of 140 to 159 mm (PK1, PK2), there are types of hollow overlap with ellipsed chambers (GHG) and different in shape (PB).
The presence of emptiness in the body of the plate allows to reduce the mass of standard 6-meter overlaps up to 3 tons. Plus hollow plates in good heat and sound insulation characteristics.
- Ribbed bribes can be attributed to the discharge of monolithic, since they do not have the inner cavities. These are plates of the enhanced bearing ability they received thanks to side solid rigids. Standard 6-meter plates weigh from 1500 to 3000 kg, and industrial 12-meter "giants" reaches 7,000 kg.
- The plane of the flooring of polystyrene bauton is a lightweight option of the ceiling plate, where heat-insulating material is used as a filler. The strength of such plates is slightly lower than the classic bribe, but sufficient for loads in 400-500 kgf / cm2. The weight of polystyrene-branded plates is two times lower than the classic full-fledged, while the insulation qualities are at times exceeding the characteristics of the usual concrete.
How many different plates of overlapping weigh?
The weight of the plates depends on many factors, in particular from the brand of used concrete, the number of reinforcing elements, samples, emptiness and other factors.
| Type of ZhBI | Marking | Dimensions (m) | Weight, kg) |
| Forty | PRTM-3. | 1600x400x80 | 85 |
| TP-43-8 | 4300x800x220 | 1400 | |
| PTP 24-12. | 2400x1200x120 | 840 | |
| Ribbed | 1p7-2 | 5550x740x400. | 1500 |
| 2PG-5. | 5970x1490x250 | 1230 | |
| 1p3-1 | 5550x1490x400. | 2650 | |
| Hollow | PK26.10-8 | 2580x990x220 | 78 |
| PC30.15-8 | 2980x1490x220 | 790 | |
| PK50.12-8 | 4980x1190x220 | 1320 | |
| Polystyrevbetonny | 36.10.3 | 3600x1000x300 | 1150 |
| 42.12.3 | 4200x1200x300 | 1610 | |
| 51.15.3 | 5100x1500x300 | 2450 |
Construction of buildings of any destination can be significantly alleviated if using standard unified elements. One of the main construction units is the slabs of overlapping. In our article we will talk about the reinforced concrete structures of the slab slabs.
This is the most common and cost-effective option with significant advantages over other materials. The sorting of concrete slabs is also quite wide, which will vary the size and choose a solution for any architectural task.
Why it is worth choosing from reinforced concrete
Pluses in use have each of the existing building materials. Choosing the appropriate, it is necessary, first of all, to focus on the type of building and the tasks set before him. Wood coatings are characterized by greater flexibility, low weight and naturalness of origin, but also very susceptible to pests and have a smaller service life relatively with concrete varieties. In addition, it makes sense to take into account the difference in and concrete.
Product classification is carried out in all indicators:
- Design type.
- Dimensions.
- The class of fittings used.
- View of concrete.
- Additional resistance to external influences.
- Constructive features.
In order to have an idea of \u200b\u200ball possible options and, consider each of the above parameters separately a little more detail.
Design type according to GOST classification
The product size must be denoted by capital patient letters, the maximum number of which should not exceed three units.
To learn about the wetting plates of overlapping and about their technical characteristics from the article. On the possible options for filling out the openings between the slabs of overlapping, which to choose a foam block or a gasoblock and which material is better, you can.
The main designations of the design of reinforced concrete products:
| No. P / P: | Symbol: | Product name: |
| 1. | FROM | Piles. |
| 2. | F. | Foundations (columnar, tile). |
| 3. | FL | Tape foundations. |
| 4. | FO | Foundations for equipment. |
| 5. | FB. | Foundation blocks. |
| 6. | Bf | Foundation beams. |
| 7. | TO | Columns. |
| 8. | CE | Column overpass (for pipelines). |
| 9. | R | Rigel. |
| 10. | B. | Beams (general designation). |
| 11. | BK | Crane beams. |
| 12. | Bo | Strapping beams. |
| 13. | Bp | Punked beams. |
| 14. | BS | Top beams. |
| 15. | BE. | Boxes under the overpass. |
| 16. | BT | Tunnel beams. |
| 17. | FP | Farms of substropyl. |
| 18. | FS. | Stropil farms. |
| 19. | P | Plates of overlapping monolithic. |
| 20. | PD | Plates of the bottom of the tunnels and channels for communication. |
| 21. | PT. | Plates of overlaps of tunnels and communication channels. |
| 22. | LK | Channel trays. |
| 23. | PC | Peets overlap with round voids. |
| 24. | PP | Plates under parapet. |
| 25. | BY | Plates under the windows. |
| 26. | Op | Support pillows. |
| 27. | LM | Staircase marches. |
| 28. | Lp | Staircases. |
| 29. | LS. | Stair steps. |
| 30. | LB. | Stair beams, boosters. |
| 31. | Sat | Wall blocks. |
| 32. | STC | Wall blocks base. |
| 33. | PS. | Wall panels. |
| 34. | PG | Partition panels. |
| 35. | ETC | Jumpers. |
| 36. | Art | Walls under support. |
| 37. | Sh | Caps are reinforced concrete for the railway. |
| 38. | T. | Pipes reinforced concrete non-paton-free commercial. |
| 39. | TF | Pipes reinforced concrete non-pressure folding. |
| 40. | Tn. | Pipes reinforced concrete pressure vibrohydropressive. |
| 41. | BT | Concrete pipes. |
Select suitable products can be used according to the primary purpose. If the design may have several sizes, the letter designation can be supplemented with a number. Consequently, for reinforced concrete slabs of floors with round voids, the product marking will begin with PC, the monolithic structures "P", the remaining designations decrypt further.
Learn more about what you need, you can read the article.
additional information
For products intended for use in more complex operating conditions, there is also a special classification by type of strainable reinforcement, which is used in the manufacture of the structure. Concrete solution is also labeled.
Any house from blocks has wall partitions, you can learn from the wall blocks from the article.
Basic types of concrete:
Also classified concrete for resistance to the effects of the aggressive medium. This indicator is usually used to designate the permeability of the finished concrete layer. It is used in special construction, and to build individual houses, it is enough to use concrete with normal permeability.
The main dimensions of the wetting plates of the overlap:
| № p / P: | Stove mark: | Length of the product, mm: | Width of the product, mm: | Weight, t: | Volume, m³: |
| 1. | PC 17-10.8. | 1680 | 990 | 0,49 | 0,36 |
| 2. | PC 17-12.8. | 1680 | 1190 | 0,61 | 0,44 |
| 3. | PC 17-15.8. | 1680 | 1490 | 0,65 | 0,55 |
| 4. | PC 18-10.8. | 1780 | 990 | 0,38 | 0,38 |
| 5. | PC 18-12.8. | 1780 | 1190 | 0,65 | 0,46 |
| 6. | PC 18-15.8. | 1780 | 1490 | 0,86 | 0,58 |
| 7. | PC 19-10.8. | 1880 | 990 | 0,55 | 0,4 |
| 8. | PC 19-12.8. | 1880 | 1190 | 0,69 | 0,49 |
| 9. | PC 19-15.8. | 1880 | 1490 | 0,9 | 0,62 |
| 10. | PC 20-10.8. | 1980 | 990 | 0,61 | 0,44 |
| 11. | PC 20-12.8. | 1980 | 1190 | 0,76 | 0,54 |
| 12. | PC 20-15.8. | 1980 | 1490 | 1,0 | 0,68 |
| 13. | PC 21-10.8. | 2080 | 990 | 0,65 | 0,475 |
| 14. | PC 21-12.8. | 2080 | 1190 | 0,8 | 0,571 |
| 15. | PC 21-15.8. | 2080 | 1490 | 0,97 | 0,71 |
| 16. | PC 22-10.8. | 2180 | 990 | 0,725 | 0,497 |
| 17. | PC 22-12.8. | 2180 | 1190 | 0,85 | 0,6 |
| 18. | PC 22-15.8. | 2180 | 1490 | 1,15 | 0,751 |
| 19. | PC 23-10.8. | 2280 | 990 | 0,785 | 0,52 |
| 20. | PC 23-12.8. | 2280 | 1190 | 0,95 | 0,62 |
| 21. | PC 23-15.8. | 2280 | 1490 | 1,179 | 0,78 |
| 22. | PC 24-10.8. | 2380 | 990 | 0,745 | 0,56 |
| 23. | PC 24-12.8. | 2380 | 1190 | 0,905 | 0,68 |
| 24. | PC 24-15.8. | 2380 | 1490 | 1,25 | 0,78 |
| 25. | PC 26-10.8. | 2580 | 990 | 0,825 | 0,56 |
| 26. | PC 26-12.8. | 2580 | 1190 | 0,975 | 0,68 |
| 27. | PC 26-15.8. | 2580 | 1490 | 1,325 | 0,84 |
| 28. | PC 27-10.8. | 2680 | 990 | 0,83 | 0,58 |
| 29. | PC 27-12.8. | 2680 | 1190 | 1,01 | 0,7 |
| 30. | PC 27-15.8. | 2680 | 1490 | 1,395 | 0,87 |
| 31. | PC 28-10.8. | 2780 | 990 | 0,875 | 0,61 |
| 32. | PC 28-12.8. | 2780 | 1190 | 1,05 | 0,73 |
| 33. | PC 28-15.8. | 2780 | 1490 | 1,425 | 0,91 |
| 34. | PC 30-10.8. | 2980 | 990 | 0,915 | 0,65 |
| 35. | PC 30-12.8. | 2980 | 1190 | 1,11 | 0,78 |
| 36. | PC 30-15.8. | 2980 | 1490 | 1,425 | 0,98 |
| 37. | PC 32-10.8. | 3180 | 990 | 0,975 | 0,69 |
| 38. | PC 32-12.8. | 3180 | 1190 | 1,2 | 0,83 |
| 39. | PC 32-15.8. | 3180 | 1490 | 1,6 | 1,04 |
| 40. | PC 33-10.8. | 3280 | 990 | 1,0 | 0,71 |
| 41. | PC 33-12.8. | 3280 | 1190 | 1,3 | 0,86 |
| 42. | PC 33-15.8. | 3280 | 1490 | 1,625 | 1,08 |
| 43. | PC 34-10.8. | 3380 | 990 | 1,05 | 0,74 |
| 44. | PC 34-12.8. | 3380 | 1190 | 1,24 | 0,88 |
| 45. | PC 34-15.8. | 3380 | 1490 | 1,675 | 1,11 |
| 46. | PC 36-10.8. | 3580 | 990 | 1,075 | 0,78 |
| 47. | PC 36-12.8. | 3580 | 1190 | 1,32 | 0,94 |
| 48. | PC 36-15.8. | 3580 | 1490 | 1,75 | 1,17 |
| 49. | PC 38-10.8. | 3780 | 990 | 1,15 | 0,82 |
| 50. | PC 38-12.8. | 3780 | 1190 | 1,39 | 0,99 |
| 51. | PC 38-15.8. | 3780 | 1490 | 1,75 | 1,24 |
| 52. | PC 39-10.8. | 3880 | 990 | 1,2 | 0,85 |
| 53. | PC 39-12.8. | 3880 | 1190 | 1,43 | 1,02 |
| 54. | PC 39-15.8. | 3880 | 1490 | 1,8 | 1,27 |
| 55. | PC 40-10.8. | 3980 | 990 | 1,2 | 0,87 |
| 56. | PC 40-12.8. | 3980 | 1190 | 1,475 | 1,04 |
| 57. | PC 40-15.8. | 3980 | 1490 | 1,92 | 1,3 |
| 58. | PC 42-10.8. | 4180 | 990 | 1,26 | 0,91 |
| 59. | PC 42-12.8. | 4180 | 1190 | 1,525 | 1,09 |
| 60. | PC 42-15.8. | 4180 | 1490 | 1,97 | 1,37 |
| 61. | PC 43-10.8. | 4280 | 990 | 1,26 | 0,93 |
| 62. | PC 43-12.8. | 4280 | 1190 | 1,57 | 1,12 |
| 63. | PC 43-15.8. | 4280 | 1490 | 2,0 | 1,4 |
| 64. | PC 44-10.8. | 4380 | 990 | 1,29 | 0,95 |
| 65. | PC 44-12.8. | 4380 | 1190 | 1,61 | 1,15 |
| 66. | PC 44-15.8. | 4380 | 1490 | 2,06 | 1,44 |
| 67. | PC 45-10.8. | 4480 | 990 | 1,33 | 0,98 |
| 68. | PC 45-12.8. | 4480 | 1190 | 1,62 | 1,17 |
| 69. | PC 45-15.8. | 4480 | 1490 | 2,11 | 1,47 |
| 70. | PC 48-10.8. | 4780 | 990 | 1,425 | 1,04 |
| 71. | PC 48-12.8. | 4780 | 1190 | 1,725 | 1,25 |
| 72. | PC 48-18.8. | 4780 | 1490 | 2,25 | 1,57 |
| 73. | PC 51-10.8. | 5080 | 990 | 1,475 | 1,11 |
| 74. | PC 51-12.8. | 5080 | 1190 | 1,825 | 1,33 |
| 75. | PC 51-15.8. | 5080 | 1490 | 2,475 | 1,67 |
| 76. | PC 52-10.8. | 5180 | 990 | 1,53 | 1,13 |
| 77. | PC 52-12.8. | 5180 | 1190 | 1,9 | 1,36 |
| 78. | PC 52-15.8. | 5180 | 1490 | 2,42 | 1,7 |
| 79. | PC 53-10.8. | 5280 | 990 | 1,6 | 1,13 |
| 80. | PC 53-12.8. | 5280 | 1190 | 1,91 | 1,38 |
| 81. | PC 53-15.8. | 5280 | 1490 | 2,46 | 1,73 |
| 82. | PC 54-10.8. | 5380 | 990 | 1,6 | 1,17 |
| 83. | PC 54-12.8. | 5380 | 1190 | 1,95 | 1,41 |
| 84. | PC 54-15.8. | 5380 | 1490 | 2,525 | 1,76 |
| 85. | PC 56-10.8. | 5580 | 990 | 1,65 | 1,22 |
| 86. | PC 56-12.8. | 5580 | 1190 | 2,01 | 1,46 |
| 87. | PC 56-15.8. | 5580 | 1490 | 2,6 | 1,85 |
| 88. | PC 57-10.8. | 5680 | 990 | 1,675 | 1,24 |
| 89. | PC 57-12.8. | 5680 | 1190 | 2,05 | 1,49 |
| 90. | PC 57-15.8. | 5680 | 1490 | 2,75 | 1,86 |
| 91. | PC 58-10.8. | 5780 | 990 | 1,71 | 1,24 |
| 92. | PC 58-12.8. | 5780 | 1190 | 2,07 | 1,51 |
| 93. | PC 58-15.8. | 5780 | 1490 | 2,73 | 1,89 |
| 94. | PC 59-10.8. | 5880 | 990 | 1,775 | 1,26 |
| 95. | PC 59-12.8. | 5880 | 1190 | 2,11 | 1,54 |
| 96. | PC 59-15.8. | 5880 | 1490 | 2,825 | 1,93 |
| 97. | PC 60-10.8. | 5980 | 990 | 1,775 | 1,3 |
| 98. | PC 60-12.8. | 5980 | 1190 | 2,15 | 1,57 |
| 99. | PC 60-15.8. | 5980 | 1490 | 2,8 | 1,96 |
| 100. | PC 62-10.8. | 6180 | 990 | 1,83 | 1,35 |
| 101. | PC 62-12.8. | 6180 | 1190 | 2,21 | 1,62 |
| 102. | PC 62-15.8. | 6180 | 1490 | 2,91 | 2,03 |
| 103. | PC 63-10.8. | 6280 | 990 | 1,86 | 1,37 |
| 104. | PC 63-12.8. | 6280 | 1190 | 2,25 | 1,65 |
| 105. | PC 63-15.8. | 6280 | 1490 | 3,0 | 2,09 |
| 106. | PC 64-10.8. | 6380 | 990 | 1,88 | 1,39 |
| 107. | PC 64-12.8. | 6380 | 1190 | 2,26 | 1,67 |
| 108. | PC 64-15.8. | 6380 | 1490 | 3,0 | 2,09 |
| 109. | PC 65-10.8. | 6480 | 990 | 1,9 | 1,41 |
| 110. | PC 65-12.8. | 6480 | 1190 | 2,29 | 1,7 |
| 111. | PC 65-15.8. | 6480 | 1490 | 3,02 | 2,12 |
| 112. | PC 66-10.8. | 6580 | 990 | 1,94 | 1,43 |
| 113. | PC 66-12.8. | 6580 | 1190 | 2,32 | 1,72 |
| 114. | PC 66-15.8. | 6580 | 1490 | 3,1 | 2,16 |
| 115. | PC 67-10.8. | 6680 | 990 | 1,96 | 1,45 |
| 116. | PC 67-12.8. | 6680 | 1190 | 2,44 | 1,75 |
| 117. | PC 67-15.8. | 6680 | 1490 | 3,23 | 2,19 |
| 118. | PC 68-10.8. | 6780 | 990 | 2,01 | 1,48 |
| 119. | PC 68-12.8. | 6780 | 1190 | 2,5 | 1,79 |
| 120. | PC 68-15.8. | 6780 | 1490 | 3,3 | 2,25 |
| 121. | PC 69-12.8. | 6880 | 1190 | 2,54 | 1,78 |
| 122. | PC 69-15.8. | 6880 | 1490 | 3,16 | 2,22 |
| 123. | PC 70-10.8. | 6980 | 990 | 2,06 | 1,52 |
| 124. | PC 70-12.8. | 6980 | 1190 | 2,46 | 1,83 |
| 125. | PC 70-15.8. | 6980 | 1490 | 3,27 | 2,29 |
| 126. | PC 72-10.8. | 7180 | 990 | 2,12 | 1,56 |
| 127. | PC 72-12.8. | 7180 | 1190 | 2,53 | 1,88 |
| 128. | PC 72-15.8. | 7180 | 1490 | 3,36 | 2,35 |
| 129. | PC 73-12.8. | 7280 | 1190 | 2,64 | 1,91 |
| 130. | PC 73-15.8. | 7280 | 1490 | 3,41 | 2,39 |
| 131. | PC 74-12.8. | 7380 | 1190 | 2,67 | 1,93 |
| 132. | PC 74-15.8. | 7380 | 1490 | 3,45 | 2,42 |
| 133. | PC 75-12.8. | 7480 | 1190 | 2,8 | 1,96 |
| 134. | PC 75-15.8. | 7480 | 1490 | 3,49 | 2,45 |
| 135. | PC 76-12.8. | 7580 | 1190 | 2,74 | 1,98 |
| 136. | PC 76-15.8. | 7580 | 1490 | 3,53 | 2,48 |
| 137. | PC 77-12.8. | 7680 | 1190 | 2,78 | 2,01 |
| 138. | PC 77-15.8. | 7680 | 1490 | 3,59 | 2,52 |
| 139. | PC 78-12.8. | 7780 | 1190 | 2,82 | 2,04 |
| 140. | PC 78-15.8. | 7780 | 1490 | 3,83 | 2,55 |
| 141. | PC 79-12.8. | 7880 | 1190 | 2,85 | 2,06 |
| 142. | PC 79-15.8. | 7880 | 1490 | 3,68 | 2,58 |
| 143. | PC 80-12.8. | 7980 | 1190 | 3,063 | 2,09 |
| 144. | PC 80-15.8. | 7980 | 1490 | 3,73 | 2,62 |
| 145. | PC 81-12.8. | 8080 | 1190 | 3,1 | 2,12 |
| 146. | PC 81-15.8. | 8080 | 1490 | 3,78 | 2,65 |
| 147. | PC 82-12.8. | 8180 | 1190 | 2,95 | 2,14 |
| 148. | PC 82-15.8. | 8180 | 1490 | 3,82 | 2,68 |
| 149. | PC 83-12.8. | 8280 | 1190 | 2,99 | 2,17 |
| 150. | PC 83-15.8. | 8280 | 1490 | 3,86 | 2,71 |
| 151. | PC 84-12.8. | 8380 | 1190 | 3,02 | 2,19 |
| 152. | PC 84-15.8. | 8380 | 1490 | 3,92 | 2,75 |
| 153. | PC 85-12.8. | 8480 | 1190 | 3,06 | 2,22 |
| 154. | PC 85-15.8. | 8480 | 1490 | 3,96 | 2,78 |
| 155. | PC 86-12.8. | 8580 | 1190 | 3,3 | 2,25 |
| 156. | PC 86-15.8. | 8580 | 1490 | 4,0 | 2,81 |
| 157. | PC 87-12.8. | 8680 | 1190 | 3,13 | 2,27 |
| 158. | PC 87-15.8. | 8680 | 1490 | 4,06 | 2,85 |
| 159. | PC 88-12.8. | 8780 | 1190 | 3,16 | 2,3 |
| 160. | PC 88-15.8. | 8780 | 1490 | 4,1 | 2,88 |
| 161. | PC 89-12.8. | 8880 | 1190 | 3,17 | 2,32 |
| 162. | PC 89-15.8. | 8880 | 1490 | 4,15 | 2,91 |
| 163. | PC 90-12.8. | 8980 | 1190 | 3,2 | 2,35 |
| 164. | PC 90-15.8. | 8980 | 1490 | 4,2 | 2,94 |
The last designation of the figure "8" at the end of the marking is the calculated load, which is standard for residential buildings of 800 kgf / m².
Wetting plates of overlappings are widespread in industrial and civil construction. Their function is separated by the floors of the internal space of buildings under construction, as well as the transfer of load from the above lying structures on the walls and the foundation. Plates are part of the precast concrete overlap, which today is considered the most popular and practical both in small and in multi-storey construction.
What is a hollow plate
The wetting plate of overlapping is a reinforced concrete plate with a thickness of 220 mm with voids of a diameter of 159 mm. The voids are cavities of a cylindrical form that permeate the slab through the longitudinal direction.
Similar the device of the empty slab overlap It is not easy for it. Appointment of voids - decrease in the weight of the structure. In turn, the reduction mass of the wetting plate of overlapping Allows:
- Load the overlap immediately after installation without a concrete screed.
- Reduce the consumption of concrete and reinforcement, thereby reducing the cost of construction.
- Simplify the process of transportation and installation.
- Reduce the load on the foundation and walls, which allows you to build them from less heavy structures that cost much cheaper.
Other emptiness functions:
- Ensuring a high level of sound and thermal insulation due to air inside the holes.
- Creating conditions for communications, which reduces the time to finish.
- Increase the useful volume of the structure.
- The possibility of construction in seismic zones.
The weight of the hollow slab overlap on 1 m 2even enough, even subject to the presence of emptiness, therefore, for installation, there are powerful lifting techniques. For example, the total weight is 712 kg, and 1 m 2 - 712 / 2.4 · 1 \u003d 297 kg / m 2. Knowing how much empty flood slab weighs, You can collect loads to calculate the bearing ability of walls and foundation.
What sizes are released hollow plates
Standard length of empty slabs It is 3 m. This is the most commonly found model size, which is used in the construction of many civil buildings. For example, in most residential buildings, the width of the rooms is designed to be 3 m, so it is the plates of 3 m. Another common size is 6 m.
Generally, sizes of hollow slabs overlap obey the unified modular system in construction (EMC), which provides:
- Unification. So the limitation of sizes of prefabricated parts and structures in order to bring them to uniformity.
- Typization. Choosing from the entire number of unified elements of the most economical in repeated use.
- Standardization. Approval of typed designs as standards (samples).
The purpose of EMC is to simplify and reduce the maintenance. The result of typing in construction was the development of a single sorting, which is based on the module (M). The main model is 100 mm. When designing buildings and structures for its construction, use the integrated module - 2m, 3m, 6m, 12m, 15m, 30m, 60m, etc.
Principles of labeling plates
Empty plates overlap Most often designed using the module M and 3M, that is, their size is multiple either 100 mm, or 300 mm. Dimensions and some features of the slabs are always displayed in their marking. For example, the designation is decrypted as follows:
- PC - round-standing plate.
- 60 - length in decimeters, as well as the number of modules, i.e. 60m, which is 6000 mm.
- 12 - width in decimeters or modules, i.e. 12m, which is 1200 mm.
- 8 - carrier ability, kgf / m 2.
- ATV - Using preframed fittings (AT) V class.
Marking is usually applied to the side surface of the plate
The ATV designation is present in the designation not all plates. With a length of up to 4780 mm, the slabs can be made with unprofitable reinforcement. In this case, the designation is simply lowered. For greater length, the ATV strained fittings should be used. Its voltage is carried out by electrothermal.
Additionally, there may be at the markings:
- Letter "L" - means light concrete.
- The letter "C" is a dense silicate concrete.
- The index "1" - the holes of the plates are embedded with the ends.
In general, the principles of labeling wedding slabs overlapdefined GOST9561 "Reinforced concrete chopping plates" and GOST 26434 "Reinforced concrete slabs of overlaps are the main parameters and types".
In reality, the sizes of the slabs are somewhat different from the markings indicated in the marking:
- 10 - 990 mm;
- 12 - 1190 mm;
- 15 - 1490 mm;
- 24 - 2380 mm;
- 48 - 4780 mm;
- 60 - 5980 mm, etc.
The hollow plates may have a length of 980 to 8990 mm, which in the marking is fixed by numbers from 10 to 90. The weight is determined by specific sizes. the volume of empty slabs overlap.
Varieties of hollow plates
In addition to standard PC plates, there are some more varieties:
- PB - plates manufactured by non-blank formation on the conveyor. In the process of manufacture, a special reinforcement method is applied, which allows cutting plates without losing their strength. PB has a more flat surface, which facilitates the decoration of floors and ceilings.
- PNO - lightweight plates, also manufactured without formwork. The main difference from PB is a smaller thickness that is 160 mm.
- HB is an internal type of flooring with one number of pre-hard fittings.
- NVK is an internal type of flooring, but already with two rows of stress fittings and a thickness of 265 mm.
Device and supporting plates
Difference between PC and PB
PC overlap plates are classic. It was them that they began to make the first with emptiness in Soviet times. PB - Plate of overlapping a new generation, but also empty. The main difference between them is the method of production.
PC Plate Production Technology:
- Metal formwork laid fittings.
- Metal concreting is made.
- To remove air bubbles produce vibration of the entire form.
- Next, it is placed in a special chamber for drying for 6-7 hours.
- At the end, the finished slab is removed and stored.
The main difference in the manufacture of PB plates is the lack of formwork, from where and the name of the method is without a blank. The stages of production are as follows:
- Through the stand of the heated platform, thin cables stretch.
- The molding machine passes over this place and reserves a strip of a concrete solution.
- From above, the semi-finished plate is covered with a film (the length of the workpiece can reach 190 m).
- Produce drying products.
- At the end, the workpiece is cut into the size of the desired to the customer.
Due to the special method of PB production, you can cut at an angle of 30-90 °. From this, their carrier ability will not change. By GOST Sizes of hollow slabs overlap PCs affect the technology of their manufacturing. With a length of 4.2 m, such structures cannot be cut. This is due to the fact that at the ends of the products there are special stops of preframed reinforcement. For cutting hollow slabs overlap It is necessary to cut down together with the end and these stops, and they are responsible for the supporting ability of the structure.
At the same time, PB plates have no mounting loops, which complicates and increases the cost of their installation. Void holes cannot be used for hook, as this can lead to the destruction of the end, and then the hook will break. Therefore, the installation is carried out only with the use of special travers.
The choice between PB and PC plates is carried out specifically for each object under construction, based on the features of the planning and budget. Difference between characteristics of hollow slabs overlapPC and PB are presented in the table.
|
Criterion |
||
|
Carrier ability, kgf / m 2 |
Standard - 800. |
A wider range - from 300 to 1600. |
|
Maximum length, m |
||
|
Brand concrete |
||
|
Using pre-hard fittings |
With a length from 4.2 m. |
For all designs, regardless of length. |
|
Weight of the hollow slab overlap |
Lighter - 4-6% more easily than PB. |
Heavy PC. |
|
Surface quality |
Due to the molding in the metal formwork, the surface quality is somewhat worse than PB. |
The minimum number of defects, which saves on the finishing works. |
|
Opportuning methods |
Produced in several types:
|
Can rely only on 2 sides. |
|
Other important features |
|
|
Note: PB plates give the designer more freedom, because here the sizes of the plates are not tied to the standard - it can be chopped onto the billets of different dimensions.
Comparison of PC and PB hollow plates
Nuances Installation of hollow slabs
The standard average magnitude of the support surface is 100-120 mm. But the specific size of the content depends on what the design is described:
- On reinforced concrete - 70 mm, a maximum of 160 mm.
- On the brick wall: minimum - 80 mm, a maximum of 160 mm.
- On gas and foam concrete: minimum - 100-120 mm, optimally 150 mm.
- On steel structures - 70 mm.
note : These are only indicative values \u200b\u200b- the specific value of the content is selected depending on the calculations carried out.
It is impossible to increase the size of the content to 20 or more centimeters. In this case, the design will not work as a stove, but as a pinched beam, because of which the loads are distributed differently, rather than was taken in the calculations.
For installation, a crane with a carrying capacity is used, which with a small margin covers the weight of the slab. As a rule, the type of crane, the path of its movement at the construction site and the points with which the installation will be carried out, indicate the construction general plan.
Overall overlapboard laying technology:
- Cleaning the surface where the design will be laid from garbage.
- Laying on the place of contact of the plate with the base of the reinforcement rod - it will help to prevent the extrusion of the cement mortar and strictly control the verticality of the installation of structures.
- "Distribution" of the cement mixture is also called a mortar "bed". Its thickness is 2 cm, and it is necessary for a reliable clutch of the plate with walls.
Preparation of mortar "bed" for the stove
The following is very important - it is impossible to overlap with one slabs at once 3 walls. In this case, it arises voltages that are not provided for by the reinforcement scheme. As a result, the design can simply crack. If it does not work in a different way, it does not work, then on top of the partition on the middle partition in the design, they cut the grinder.
Is it really necessary to close emptiness
In the construction of cottages and other low-rise buildings during the warm period of the year, embarrassment is not necessary. You can either leave them, or fill in the mounting foam.
- The plot of pinching the plate is experiencing significant loads and can be destroyed.
- Entering inside the voids of water in winter, if the construction was suspended at this time, it can trigger the appearance of cracks, since ice in volume is more water.
If the house was left for the winter without a roof and you know that water got into the plates, they need to drill a hole in them, through which water can lean out. Otherwise, the frozen water will simply break the slab from the inside.
For sealing emptiness to the depth of the contents, a masonry solution on the screening or large sand is used. Holes for mounting hinges can be seen by any mortar.
Note: On average, the depth of embarrassment is 12-15 cm.
Finally
Wall-to-wear slabs - a common type of building structures, without which it is difficult to present the construction of any destination buildings today. The use of such plates allows to reduce the load on the perimeter of the structure, which reduces the cost of the construction of the foundation and walls. Because of the smaller weight of the vintage, the plant's shrinkage is reduced, which allows you to start finishing work.
The one who at least once has dealt with the construction of the house knows how important the void reinforced concrete plates or the overlapping panels are. Multipurpost concrete slabs of overlap, in fact, and make up about 90% of the total weight of the house. Overlapping slabs (PCs) can vary in weight, and according to their size, depending on which specifically, their goals are used.
Structural features of hollow plates
How to just guess, inside the reinforced concrete slabs of overlapping (PCs) are void, which is marked with the sale as crowded. But the holes inside such plates, contrary to the misconception, may not have not only oval, but also a round, square and other shape.
WORDING WORKING WORK COLOR SCHEME However, in most cases, cylindrical void circles inside have a ceiling slab (PC).
Interestingly, the slabs of the overlap (PC) can be both smashed and reinforced. Reinforced concrete slabs of overlapping (PC) will be reinforced.
Such ceiling slabs (PCs), although they have a much greater weight, which ultimately increases the burden on the building, and the cost of construction, however, have a large margin of safety. Installation of plates Overlapping, it is the montage itself that depends on what kind of slabs will be put on, because the support is also an important criterion.
For example, if the support plates are not sufficiently stable, it may lead to unpleasant consequences, which naturally needs to be avoided.
Wedding plate laying scheme on the second floor Characteristics of honeybar
The size
It also depends on the size of the hollow PC, its ultimate cost, important, in addition to parameters such as the width and length, also has a weight.
PC dimensions vary as follows:
- the length of the PC size ranges from 1180 to 9700 millimeters;
- in width, the PC size ranges from 990 to 3,500 millimeters.
Multipurb panel plates, the length of which is 6000 mm, and the width of 1500 mm are the most popular and in demand. The height or thickness of the panel is also important (it will be more correct to talk about height, but builders tend to say "thickness").
So, the thickness that crowded panels can have is always a constant value - 220 mm. Of course, the weight of the overlapping panel is of great importance. Concrete slabs of overlappings must raise the crane, the carrying capacity of which is minimally 4-5 tons.
Comparative table of coordination sizes of empty slabs The length and weight of the panels are essential for construction, the length is even smaller in importance, rather than weight.
Weight
As for such an important parameter, as a weight, everything is extremely clear here: the range of products produced in Russia is ranging from 960 kilograms to 4.82 tons. Weight is the main criterion for which the method is determined by which panels will be installed.
Usually the cranes are used, as already noted above, with a lifting capacity of at least 5 tons (of course, the cranes should be lifted with some reserve).
The weight of the panels of the same marking may differ, but insignificant: after all, if we consider weight from accuracy to one gram, you can affect it anything.
Comparative characteristics of the main brands of empty plates If, for example, the product fell under the rain, then it is a priori will be a bit harder than the product that did not fall under the rain.
Types of load
To begin, it should be noted that any overlap assumes the presence of 3 following parts:
- Part of the top, with the floor where people live. Accordingly, load the panel will be a floor covering, a variety of insulation elements and, of course, concrete ties - the main component of the load;
- Part of the bottom, with the presence of the ceiling, its finishes, lighting devices. By the way, about the presence of lighting devices should not be skeptical. First, the same LED lamps require partial destruction of the slab by a perforator for a cable laying. Secondly, if you take large rooms, with columns and halls, there can hang huge crystal chandeliers, which will give a larger load than any other device or finish type. This is also necessary to consider;
- Structural. It combines immediately and the upper and lower parts, as if supporting them in the air.
The hollow stove is a construction plate that supports in the air and the upper, and the bottom of the overlap!
By the way, it is not worth discounting and dynamic load. It, as it is easy to guess, create people themselves, as well as their things moving. All this affects the properties and status of the panel.
Diagram of the device of the hollow plate with the presence of holes For example, if you transport a heavy piano once in a small two-storey house with one place to another - this is normal, then the daily movement will create a multi-standard already negative impact on the slab. She will hardly fall, but with ventilance may later be serious problems.
The type of load distribution is divided into 2 groups:
- distributed;
- point.
To understand the difference between these two species, it is worth bringing an example. The same huge crystal chandelier that weighs under one tone is the load point. But the stretch ceiling with a frame over the entire surface of the slab is already a distributed load.
The device of the technological line for the production of empty plates But there is also a combined load that combines point and distributed. For example, filled with top of the bath. The bathroom itself stands on the legs, and its pressure on the legs is a type of distributed load. But standing on the floor legs are already a point load.
The weight depends on the weight of the hollow plate directly.
Complete, but you can deal with it. And you need! After all, the calculation on overlappings and hollow plates during construction will still need to produce.
Brands of hollow plates
Actually, stamps as such hopeless plates do not even have. We are talking about labeling, which reflects some parameters. It is enough to bring a small example.
Wedding Plate Plate Scheme on Rigel Suppose the panel has the following labeling: PC 15-13-10 PC - means a hollow plate; All digital designations indicate any technical parameters.
15 will mean that the panel has a length of approximately 15 decimeters (1.5 meters). Why approximately? Just the length can be 1.498 meters, and on the labeling produced themselves to round this figure to 1.5 meters (15 decimeters). Figure 12 means that the product has a width of 10 decimeters. The last digit (in this case is 10) the most important indicator.
This is the load that the material can withstand (maximum permissible). In our case, the load on the maximum will be 10 kilograms per 1DM². Usually builders consider the load per square meter, here it will be 1000 kilograms on 1m². In general, everything is not so difficult.
The panels brand always has the PC-XX-XX type, if the sellers offer other options, it is worth alert.
Calculation of load
Calculation of limit effects
Calculation of limit effects - a prerequisite in the design of the building. Dimensions and other parameters of panels are still determined by the old Good Soviet GOST at number 9561-91.
The device of the hollow plate with the presence of a reinforced tie In order to define the load that will be on the product, it is necessary on the drawing of the future structure to specify the weight of absolutely all items that will be "putting" to the overlap. Their total weight will be the limiting load.
First of all, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the following elements:
- cement-sand ties;
- gypsum concrete partitions;
- mass of floor covering or panels;
- heat insulation materials.
Subsequently, all obtained indicators are summed up and divided into the number of panels that will be present in the house. From here and you can get the maximum, maximum load on each specific product.
Calculation of optimal load
It is clear that the maximum allowable level is a critical indicator, to bring to which it is impossible. Therefore, it is best to calculate exactly the optimal indicator. For example, the panel weighs 3000 kg. It is necessary for the area of \u200b\u200b10 m².
It is necessary to divide 3000 to 10. As a result, it turns out that the maximum allowable load value will be 300 kilograms per 1 m². This is a small indicator, but it is necessary to take into account the weight of the product itself, which also calculated the load (for example, its value is 800 kilograms on 1m²). From 800 you need to take up 300, as a result, 500 kilograms are obtained by 1 m².
Now you need to approximate how much all loading elements and items will weigh. Let this indicator be equal to 200 kilograms per 1 m². From the previous indicator (500kg / m²) you need to take away the resulting (200kg / m²). The result is an indicator of 300 m². But it is not all.
Scheme of the device of the hollow plate with the presence of waterproofing Now from this indicator it is necessary to take away the weight of furniture, finishing materials, the weight of people who will constantly be indoors or in the house. "Live weight" and all elements, their load, let it be 150 kg / m². From 300 must be between 150. As a result, it turns out the optimal permissible indicator, the designation of which will be 150 kg / m². This will be the optimal load.
Advantages of hollow plates
Among the advantages of these products, the following can be distinguished:
- relatively small load on the perimeter of the whole building, in contrast to the same full-scale products;
- high strength rates, despite the fact that at the bottom of the panel are empty;
- reliability;
- the houses of the house will be much less intense than when using full-scale products (actually, this advantage comes from relatively low weight);
- relatively small cost.
In general, crowded panels are one of the most important building materials. Today, it produces only a few plants in all vast Russia. The main thing is, as already noted above - this is not to fool yourself when buying.
Diagram of the device of reinforcement blocks in the wetting plate of overlapping Sometimes (this is rarely found, but still) sellers are trying to implement poor-quality panels, so-called facilitated. For example, they may be labeled, where it is shown that the product is designed for a load of 500 kilograms per square meter, and in fact this parameter is several times lower.
This is not even a fraud, this is a criminal offense that should be engaged in all the strictness of the law. After all, if you buy a panel, designed for a smaller load, there is a serious risk of collapses of buildings. This situation can be observed not only in the province, but even in Moscow or St. Petersburg.
In general, when buying such products you need to be extremely careful. It is important to remember that any design error may even have tragic consequences.
Video
You can watch a video where experts describe in detail the features of various types of hollow plates.
Reinforced concrete wetting plates of floors are manufactured in accordance with GOST 9561-91 and are used to overlap the spans of residential and public buildings.
Almost no building do without the use of these products. If the FDBS concrete blocks are equivalent to the FBS concrete blocks in the form of a bay foundation, pile, etc., then there are practically no alternatives to the wetting plates of the overlap. Any other solutions (monolithic reinforced concrete structures or wood floors) are inferior or in strength or in ease of manufacture.
From this article you will learn:
- what is the difference in PC plates from PB,
- how to calculate the permissible load on the panel,
- what caused the deflection slabs and what to do about it.
Differences of hollow plates of PC overlaps and PB
In recent years, the new generation products arrive at the Soviet Time in the Soviet Time to replace the PCs of the new generation - the volatile bench panels of the non-blank molding of the PB brand (or PPS depending on the project).
If the PC reinforced concrete plates are manufactured according to the drawings of the 1.141-1 series, then a single document, on the basis of which the bench panels produce, no. Usually, plants use working drawings provided by equipment suppliers. For example, a series of 0-453-04, IZh568-03, IL 620, IL 509-93 and a number of others.
We reduced the main differences between PC plates and PB into one table.
| PC | PB |
|---|---|
| Thickness | |
| 220 mm, or 160 mm for lightweight plates pnto | From 160 mm to 330 mm depending on the project and the required length |
| Width | |
| 1.0; 1.2; 1.5 and 1.8 meters | Most often 1.2 are found, but there are 1.0 and 1.5 meters wide widths |
| Length | |
| For lightweight PNOs up to 6.3 meters with a certain step, individual for each manufacturer. For PCs - up to 7.2 less often to 9 meters. | Since the plates are cut in length, it is possible to manufacture the desired size under the order in 10 cm increments. The maximum length can reach 12 meters depending on the height of the panel. |
| Typical 800 kgf / m2, under the order can be loaded with a load of 1250 kgf / m2 | Although the 800 load is most often released, but the technology allows no additional costs to make plates and any other from 300 to 1600 kgf / m2. |
| Smoothness and evenness | |
| Still, the technology of old and forms have already been worn out, you will not find ideal plates, but also frankly bad things come across rarely. In appearance on firm 4-ku. | They are manufactured on the newest stands, smoothed by an extruder. As a rule, the plates look much better, although individual exceptions are possible. |
| Reinforcement | |
| Up to length 4.2 - simple grid, longer panels make prefoliated, because Using tension allows you to achieve the necessary strength stamp to lower costs. | Prestressed at any length. As a string, depending on the project, both ropes 12k7 or 9k7 and wire BP-1 can act as ropes. |
| Brand concrete | |
| M-200 | From M-400 to M-550 |
| Seeling holes | |
| As a rule, it is performed at the factory. If you have not done, be sure to pour concrete M-200 | The sealing of the holes is not required, since the project is laid down by the adequacy of the strength of the end sides and without additional strengthening |
Load for wetting plates of overlapping
In practice, the question often arises, which load is capable of carrying a reinforced concrete wetting plate of the overlap, whether it will break from a voltage.
In any case, the bearing wall should not be based on it. Capital (carrier) walls can rely strictly or on foundation blocks, or on the same walls of the lower floors.
Where the panel is overlooked on the carrier wall, it is additionally strengthened - from the ends of the hole of the voids are poured with concrete, and on the sides it is not recommended to do the fattest by more than 100 mm, i.e. up to the 1st emptiness.
Load can be distributed or point. For a distributed load, everything is simple - to calculate the plate area in m2, multiplied by the load according to the marking (as a rule it is 800 kg / m2) and subtract your own slab weight. So for PCs 42-12-8 we have area \u003d 5m2. Multiply with 800 \u003d 4 tons. And we subtract your own weight \u003d 1.53 tons. The remaining 2.5 tons and will be permissible distributed load. You can, for example, pour it with a concrete tie 20 cm.
For point loads, it is difficult to give a similar calculation, since the carrier capacity of the plate in the case of point pressure depends not only on body weight, but also from the application point. So at the edges of the panel is much stronger than in the center. Usually it is recommended not to exceed the rated load by more than 2 times, i.e. up to 1.6 tons in the absence of other effects.
In practice, it is more often to calculate the combined load from different sources, such as screed, furniture, people, non-vacant partitions. Here you should trust the experience of the Soviet Research Institute, which took the load "8" typical, i.e. Sufficient use for all "standard" cases.
Their calculations are based on the following considerations:
- own weight \u003d 300 kg / m2
- screed + Flippers \u003d 150 kg / m2 (approximately 6-7 cm.
- furniture + people \u003d 200 kg / m2
- wall / partitions \u003d 150 kg / m2
If in your case these indicators are significantly higher, it is possible to think about purchasing panels with higher bearing capacity.
The wetting plates of overlappings, due to the reinforcement and properties of concrete, distribute the weight of the object of the object to the large surface than the actual contact area. For example, if your partition has a width of 100 mm., And near her there are no other loads, then this pressure will be distributed for a larger surface and will not be outside the limits embedded in the calculations of the limit norms.
You should also not forget that in addition to constant (static) loads there are variables (dynamic). For example, standing on the floor of the hih will have a significantly less destructive impact than fallen from the cabinet. Therefore, dynamic loads on the panel should be avoided if possible.
Deflection slabs
Sometimes buyers face a situation where the reinforced concrete slabs of the floors have a different deflection, including in the opposite direction. It should be known that according to SNIP 2.01.07-85 "load and exposure" of the deflection of over 1/150 part of the product length is not a marriage. So for the most problematic PB 90-12, the permissible value of the deflection is as much as 6 cm.
Reverse deflection is most often formed when the last plate of the PB overlapping is discharged on the stand when its length is significantly less than the length range for which the stand was initially prepared. For longer plates, larger tension is given and because The main reinforcement goes along the bottom surface of the plate, when dipped a short plate, this excess compression force seems to be fused the plate.
To avoid this situation, customers should carefully examine the products before purchasing. As a rule, a reinforced concrete slab with a large deflection is not difficult to notice in the stack of other wetting plates. It should be recognized that these cases are still rare and good producers are practically not found.
Answer to the question of the admissible design of the panels on the walls you will find in our article