Metal products are subject to the influence of the external environment and especially humidity. You can protect the metal with the help of special anti-corrosion coatings (for example, covering the surface with zinc), as well as painting. The paint performs not only the role of a protector against corrosion, but also gives the surface a more aesthetic appearance.
Decorative painting of metal allows you to imitate a wide variety of effects. For example, you can decorate the surface in bronze, silver, or give the metal an aged noble look. How to choose a paint and varnish material, prepare the base and apply paint to it, will be discussed below.
Surface preparation
First of all, you need to evaluate the strength of the old coating. Masking tape will help with this: we make cuts on the old paint and glue the tape on these places. Then, with a sharp movement, tear off the tape. If a significant amount of paint separates after the tape, then the surface is not strong enough. If the layer is strong, then it is not necessary to remove it, it is only necessary to clean the metal from dirt, traces of rust and dust.
Note! If we are talking about heating batteries, the old paint must be removed, because. in this case, each additional layer reduces the heat output.
Surface cleaning (metal, walls, etc.) can be carried out in one of three ways:
- mechanical (using abrasives or tools);
- chemical (using alkaline compounds or active solvents);
- thermal (using a hot air gun or an oxy-acetylene torch).
Padding
Surface treatment with a primer is necessary to create a reliable bond between metal and paint. Primers are produced on the basis of synthetic or natural film-forming substances (organic resins, drying oils, etc.).
An important property of primers is to reduce the likelihood of corrosion. Depending on the type of primer composition, the mechanisms for providing anti-corrosion protection differ.
There are several types of primers according to the nature of anti-corrosion properties:
- Insulating. Such primers do not allow moisture to get on the protected metal.
- Passivating. The action of passivating compositions is based on a decrease in the electrochemical activity of the material.
- Protective. Such primers contain highly dispersed metal powders, in which the electrode potential is lower than that of the protected metal. This provides protection against corrosion.
- Phosphating. The phosphate coating protects the metal from corrosion.
- inhibitory. An inhibitor is a substance that slows down the rate of chemical reactions. Since rust formation is the result of a chemical reaction, inhibitory primers reduce the rate of development of corrosion processes.
- Rust converters. Rust converters transform iron oxide into an insoluble compound.
The primer composition is applied with a brush, roller, swab or spray gun. The primer layer should not be too thick - thinner than subsequent coats of paint. The optimal thickness of the primer layer is up to 0.1 mm.
If the primed surface is matte, it must be carefully cleaned with fine-grained sandpaper. This will improve the quality of adhesion with the paintwork material.
Puttying is necessary to eliminate defects, such as cracks, as well as to level the surface. A putty composition is a mixture that includes a filler (chalk), a plasticizer, a binder, and special additives.
Application of various putties Putty mixes are sold in one of two states - dry (diluted in water) and ready-to-use (diluted in a solvent). Putty is applied and spread over the surface with a spatula.
The choice of paint for metal
For painting metal surfaces, solvent-based paints and varnishes are most often used. Such solutions are a mixture of synthetic resins of alkyd origin and organic solvents. As the latter, white spirit or styrene is most often used.
After drying, alkyd compositions appear thick, durable, transparent, almost colorless films. Such films are resistant to all kinds of chemicals, as well as to moisture. Due to the latest quality, alkyds are widely used not only indoors, but also outside buildings.
However, when choosing a composition, attention should be paid to the recommended purpose of the paint. For example, for coloring batteries, special compositions are produced that are distinguished by high thermal conductivity and at the same time do not reduce the heat transfer of equipment.
For a long time, coloring was not applied to forged metal. There was a generally accepted opinion that the paint eliminates the advantage of handwork, hides the natural texture of the material.
However, not so long ago, paints and varnishes for forged products appeared, which allow you to artificially age the material, create the appearance of a patina, or achieve other visual effects. Also, blacksmith's paints protect the metal from corrosive processes.
The main drawback is their cost. Like the creation of forged products, specialized paints cannot be called cheap.
Metal coloring
You can apply the paint with a brush, roller or spray gun. The number of necessary layers during painting is set by the manufacturer and depends on the hiding power of the paint. Hiding power is the ability of a paintwork material to hide the color of the treated surface. The hiding power is inversely proportional to the transparency of the paintwork material, that is, the more transparent the paint, the more it will be needed.
Note! Hiding power is indicated on the packaging with paint and is determined in terms of material consumption per square meter.
Difficulties may arise when calculating the required amount of paintwork material. Manufacturing companies provide information on consumption per square meter. When it comes to painting flat surfaces, it is not difficult to calculate the consumption. However, one often has to deal with uneven surfaces - gratings, fences, curly details, etc. In such cases, when calculating, you will have to proceed from your own experience or the advice of the seller.
Surface decoration in bronze has been used for a long time. However, until recently, such paints were made on the basis of organic matter. Thus, the scope of use of such paints and varnishes was significantly narrowed due to the unpleasant odor characteristic of organic solvents. In addition, such surfaces are not resistant to temperature extremes.
To date, the most popular paints based on water and acrylic. Such compounds are distinguished by safety, ease of use, resistance to high and low temperatures, as well as anti-corrosion resistance.
There are two ways to decorate a bronze surface. Below are two step by step instructions.
The first option is monochromatic coloring:
- We remove dirt and traces of rust from the surface. We are degreasing.
- We prime the surface. This will improve the adhesive qualities of the materials and, in addition, will create a layer of polymer that will protect the surface from corrosion.
- When the primer dries, apply 2-3 coats. Moreover, each layer can be applied only after the previous one has dried.
The second option is aged bronze:
- We carry out preparatory activities in the same way as described in the first case. Then we primed the metal and painted it bronze.
- The recesses on the surface are treated with a patina. It can be translucent - this will allow you to control the level of dimming.
- When the paint dries, take a dry brush and glaze. To do this, apply light paint to the corners and ledges in such a way as to create a scuffed effect.
- After the layer has dried, apply a transparent varnish to the metal.
You can give the metal an aged look in another way, using a craquelure primer and paint.
Instruction:
- We clean the metal from dirt, traces of rust and grease.
- We cover the cleaned and dry surface with paintwork material. We use a brush for coloring, since an uneven coating in this case is only beneficial.
- When the paint is completely dry, apply a craquelure primer. This composition can be purchased at a hardware store. After drying, a transparent polymer film will appear on the surface.
- We create the main craquelure coating. The result of the work is aged metal with traces of rust. Moreover, small cracks - craquelures - will appear on the surface.
Coloring and low temperatures
Recommends painting surfaces at positive temperatures. It is believed that the minimum allowable temperature is 5 degrees above zero. However, there are situations when you need to paint the surface urgently, despite the thermometer. And in this case, high-quality staining is possible if you follow a number of recommendations, which will be discussed below:
- We clean the surface from ice, dust, dirt, rust and condensation. Moreover, standard cleaning procedures - mechanically - in this case will not be enough. Even if there is very little condensation left, all further efforts will not allow you to create a quality coating. To dry the surface well, use a burner (on gas or gasoline) or a heat gun.
- At low temperatures, the paint will dry 2-3 times longer. Based on this, it is necessary to protect the painted surface from the effects of the external environment. For this, a plastic film and a heat gun are suitable.
Equally important for painting at low temperatures is to choose the right paint. Jelly-like alkyd enamels are considered the best option. Such compositions are characterized by high adhesive qualities.
Products made of copper alloys (brass and bronze) are easy to paint in a dark brown color. A mixture is prepared from 4 ml of ammonia, 5 g of potassium oxalate and 200 ml of vinegar essence. It is necessary to cover the coinage with the prepared composition several times, allowing it to dry completely until it acquires the desired color.
The metallic gloss formed during this treatment soon disappears, and the product acquires an even brown color.
Shades of green can also be obtained using a solution prepared from 5–10 g of verdigris jari, 10 ml of ammonia, diluted in 1 liter of water.
The product is immersed in the solution several times, after which it acquires an olive green color.
For further processing, another 1 liter of water is added to the solution. The coinage is dipped into the bath for several minutes (the interval depends on the desired degree of color), then dried over the fire.
The operation is repeated several times until the metal acquires the desired color.
Products made of copper alloys are painted purple in the following way: the chasing is heated to 70-80 ° C and rubbed with a piece of felt or cotton wool soaked in antimony oil.
The green color of the coinage is acquired after surface treatment with a weak solution of copper nitrate with common salt. After the product dries, it is wiped with a solution of 5 g of potassium oxalate and 10 ml of ammonia, diluted in 100 ml of vinegar essence.
In this sequence, staining should be carried out until the color of the surface becomes dark green. To speed up the reaction, the coinage is heated on fire to a temperature of 50–60 °C.
There is another way: the product ready for coloring is treated with a swab soaked in oleic acid. A layer of copper oxide is formed on the surface, which has a dark green color. After some time, it begins to fade and eventually becomes light green with a yellowish tint. To fix the color, the operation is repeated several times.
All shades of yellow can be obtained by processing the coinage with a neutral solution of copper acetate (yari verdigris).
In addition, the following composition is used: 20 g of caustic soda and the same amount of milk sugar are thoroughly mixed in 1 liter of water and subjected to prolonged boiling. To the mixture gradually add 20 ml of a concentrated solution of copper sulphate.
The solution is allowed to cool and the processed products are placed in it for a short time, after which they acquire a golden hue. This processing method is often used for gold coloring.
A more saturated color with a reddish tint is obtained after wiping the surface with a slurry of 4 parts of powdered chalk and 1 part of gold leaf, which are diluted with distilled water.
Sometimes a composition containing 15 g of ammonium sulphate, 10 ml of antimony chloride solution and 30 ml of water is used. It must be boiled and filtered several times, the precipitate is mixed in 2-3 liters of hot water. For better dissolution, add caustic soda.
The product is immersed in the bath and held until it acquires the desired color.
The coinage can be dyed silver with a solution of 40 g of tartar and 14 g of emetic stone in 1 liter of hot water. Then 50 g of hydrochloric acid, 125 g of tin powder and 30 g of antimony are added there. The composition is heated and the product is boiled in it until it is covered with an even coating.
Another method of painting - mechanical - requires special equipment and skills. To do this, powder paints or fine metal dust of various colors are usually used, a spray gun, solvents and binders are needed for work, which leave a thin layer of a protective film on the surface of the product.
If all this is not there, then the powders are simply hammered into the metal with a mallet or flat chasing. It is better to repeat this process several times, rinsing the coinage under running water in between.
After this method of painting, surface treatment with varnish is required - colored or transparent, the choice depends on the desire of the master.
It must be remembered that varnishes become covered with cracks and become cloudy under poor storage conditions.
It is possible to apply metal particles to the product with the help of special equipment, under pressure. But this method is very expensive and not always available to the master working at home.
From the book: Korshever N. G. Metalwork
Metal is widely present in our premises, and is used where its unique physical qualities compared to other materials are needed. However, often the metal also decorates the living area with its presence. And in order to make its visual characteristics even more interesting, the metal surface can be given one or another color or texture. By itself, metal painting is most often done for protective purposes, but the technique of decorative painting has a lot of differences.
Various metal objects, lamp covers, heating radiators, sinks and similar elements are most often subject to painting with decorative properties. At the same time, work can be carried out both for objects used indoors and for external metal elements.
Tips for those who are going to paint a metal surface at sub-zero temperatures
Although this advice may apply more to ordinary painting than decorative, situations are different. For example, you need to immediately paint a part that has just been brought from the cold. So here are some tips:
- The best way to paint in the cold is to use alkyd enamels of jelly-like consistency, which have high adhesion (the ability to penetrate the surface structure);
- Painting a surface cooled to temperatures below +5 degrees Celsius should be carried out exclusively with preliminary treatment of this very surface with a burner or heat gun. Otherwise, condensation will form on the surface, on which the paint simply will not fall;
- If during painting it is cold in the room itself, then the drying time of the layer can increase several times, which is especially unpleasant for decorative painting. Therefore, it is recommended to install a heat gun and cover the surface with a film.
What are blacksmith paints
Recently, blacksmith paints, specially optimized for working with forged materials, have been very popular. Such paints are applied to forging for decorative purposes, which allows you to imitate a variety of surfaces, ranging from gold to cast iron.
The cost of such paints is higher than that of conventional ones. However, this is due to their increased shelf life, which reaches 5 years or more. At the same time, such paints also look really impressive, allowing you to give the required visual effect by the very fact of your presence. No need to apply different coloring methods.
Today there are many types of such a coating, but the German paint WS-Plast, produced by Weigel & Schmidt GmbH, is rightfully considered the most popular. These paints allow you to give the metal surface a variety of different colors and textures. Here you have an emerald color, and graphite distinguished by red tones, and various types of antique coloring. At the same time, such a coating not only decorates, but also protects the metal surface from corrosion and other troubles caused by the influence of nature.
Also popular is hammer paint (Hammerite), which is currently becoming more and more in demand. The reason is that such a paint does not require a primer, and can even be used directly on surfaces damaged by corrosive processes. However, if the rust is loose, then it still has to be removed. The surface treated with this coating becomes monochromatic with the effect of irregularly shaped patterns and aluminum flakes.
The application of this paint is mainly practiced with ferrous metals such as steel and cast iron. However, some non-ferrous metals can also be processed with it.
How to show patina
Patina is a characteristic greenish coating that appears on the surface of copper and bronze products after oxidation. At the moment, the best way to show this effect is WS-Patina paint. Thus, it is possible to age the metal and give it a characteristic respectable shine.
Antique painting
One of the most popular ways to paint ferrous metal is the effect of antiquity. In this case, several coating options are applied to the metal surface in a certain order. But first, the metal itself must be prepared properly. It is necessarily cleaned of corrosion, subjected to grinding, dirt and grease are removed. Only being sure of the cleanliness of the surface, you can proceed to the process, which is divided into several stages:
- Using a brush, apply metallic paint to the surface. Don't be afraid to do it casually, as this only helps in the effect we are creating;
- As soon as the first layer is completely dry, it is necessary to apply a craquelure primer. The latter allows you to get a layer of transparent film made from polymers;
- The craquelure coating is applied after the primer layer has dried, which allows you to get characteristic cracks, similar to those that appear on things that have been used for decades and even centuries.
Important! Instead of a craquelure composition, the effect of antiquity can be achieved by applying burnt umber to the paint. In this case, it is best to work with a dry cloth, and remove the residue after the paint layer has dried.
Bronze metal finish
Bronze coating is one of the most spectacular visually. Therefore, often people seek to recreate it. And there are several ways to do this, and they all involve the use of bronze paint.
First of all, the surface is prepared. Cleaned from dirt, grease and rust. After that, a layer of primer for metal is applied to it, which will increase the adhesion of the layers applied above. At the third stage, bronze metallic paint is applied in 2-3 layers.
If you want to give this bronze layer the effect of antiquity, then the recesses must be treated with a patina, which allows you to get the effect of darkening with time. After that, glazing is carried out, during which we pass over the protruding elements and those places that are characterized by scuffs, with white paint. After the latter has dried, a transparent varnish is applied to fix the effect.
Conclusion
Painting under all other types of metals takes place in a similar way. Modern metallic paints allow you to create the effect of brass, copper, silver, gold and other metals.
Do not be afraid that you will fail, Practice shows that such metal processing methods are feasible without any serious knowledge. The video tutorial below will give you comprehensive information about this.
Painting metal in bronze can not only protect the material from exposure to excessive moisture, which contributes to the appearance and spread of corrosion, but also give its appearance a fair amount of wealth and solidity.
To perform such work is available to anyone who has the necessary desire and a sufficient amount of time. We will consider the subtleties of this process in this article.
Choosing the right solution
Any bronze paint for a long time had an organic solvent in its structure. Its presence contributed to the spread of an unpleasant specific odor, which significantly limited the scope of such solutions.
In our time, thanks to technological progress, water-soluble mixtures have appeared that have natural metallic pigments in their composition. Acrylates act as binders in such solutions.
Bronze water-based paint (do not confuse - this is not Zinga electrically conductive paint)
Acrylic paint-bronze for metal has many advantages:
- Ecological cleanliness and the absence of any unpleasant odors. During the drying process, only water vapor is released.
- Relatively low price. The use of H 2 O as a base makes it possible to make the production much cheaper, for example, of oil analogues.
- Stunning non-ferrous metal appearance. It is also possible to apply the “antique” method, which will create an even greater effect of naturalness.
- Easy to operate by hand. The application technology is slightly different from the use of conventional paint and is quite feasible for an amateur.
- Moisture isolation. Qualitatively protects metal from rust.
Tip: pre-applied electrically conductive paint Zinga will allow you to protect iron from corrosion as much as possible, as it will create a reliable thin-film galvanizing layer.
- High resistance to mechanical stress and ultraviolet radiation. For many years, this finish will have its original appearance.
- Long service life. With proper operation for at least ten years.
Tip: if there are many fire hazardous objects in the room, it is recommended to additionally use fire-retardant paints for Polystil metal. They have the ability to foam when a fire occurs, preventing it from spreading further.
Paint application
First of all, careful surface preparation is required, the main stage of which is the removal of traces of rust. If you apply paintwork materials over places damaged by corrosion, then this will not protect the metal from premature destruction.
Preparatory work
The instruction is:
- Remove old paint and rust.
To do this, you can use one of the following methods:
- Mechanical removal. A wire brush or abrasive discs are used. Only suitable for rough surface treatment.
Tip: Be sure to get your personal protective equipment before starting work. Metal dust, which will rise into the air during operation, is incredibly harmful to the respiratory system and human mucosa.
- Sandblasting equipment. High-pressure sand grains will perfectly cope with rust, scale and old paint, even in the most inaccessible places. The only negative is the relatively high cost of the device.
- Chemical reagents. Spray the surface with a special compound that will enter into a chemical reaction with the old lining and rust. After that, the remnants of the former coating are easily removed with rags.
- We clean the iron from all the resulting debris, no matter what method of removal was used before
- We apply a couple of coats of primer. So we will increase the adhesion of the metal surface and create an additional polymer layer of moisture protection.
After the last layer of primer has completely cured, you can proceed to the next step.
Painting
- In the first case, you will get a monochromatic coating.
For this:
- We dilute the purchased mixture with water or white spirit according to the annotations attached to the jar.
- For small, extreme and hard-to-reach details, we use brushes. Flat areas are possible.
- If necessary, after the first layer, apply another one to create a more saturated color.
- We bring a bright light source to the applied finish. If no spots are observed, it means that the work was done with high quality, and you can enjoy the result.
- If you want to create an aged, then you should paint in several layers:
- First, we apply a solid dark layer of metal or spray gun.
Paint Acrylic Brass - protective, decorative paint with metallic effect of brass. Resistant to UV and weathering, oils and gasoline. Possesses good adhesion and the increased color stability. Withstands temperatures up to 80°C. It is used on metal, plastics, wood and glass. Ideal for decorative purposes on metal structures, for painting gates, forgings, for protecting and updating the appearance of steel pipes, etc.
MODE OF APPLICATION. The surface to be painted must be dry and clean, free of rust and grease. For highly absorbent surfaces it is recommended to apply a sealing layer (e.g. emulsion paint). Shake thoroughly for 2 minutes. Spray from a distance of 25-30cm with side to side movements. Operating temperature 18-25°C. The coating will be dry from dust in 10 minutes. Full curing after 4-6 hours. Enough to cover approximately 3 m2.
ATTENTION. Pressure bottle. Protect from sunlight and do not heat above 50°C. Empty cans and waste must be properly disposed of. Do not pierce or burn, even after use. Do not spray on hot objects or flames. Keep away from sources of ignition. No smoking. Work in a well ventilated area. Do not breathe vapours. In case of contact with eyes, rinse with clean water. Do not allow to enter sewers and ground water. Keep away from children.
Manufactured by Eckart GmbH, Germany. Volume 400ml
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