Apartment heating system. Heating devices, fittings, pipelines

Today, the only viable alternative to district heating is an apartment heating system. At the same time, its arrangement requires a significant investment of time, effort and money, but as a result of the investment, it pays off in a completely acceptable period.

In our article, we will analyze the pros and cons of such systems, as well as provide recommendations for their installation.

Feasibility analysis

Why is district heating ineffective?

Today, most apartment buildings have centralized heating systems. At the same time, only radiators and supply pipes are placed in the apartments, and the heating agent is heated at special enterprises (boiler houses and thermal power plants). These enterprises can be located at a significant (up to several kilometers) distance from the point of heat consumption, which determines the key disadvantages of the system.

The low efficiency of centralized heating is explained by the following factors:

Firstly, quite a lot of boiler houses use outdated water heating and steam generating equipment with low efficiency. At the same time, burning a large amount of fuel leads to an increase in financial costs, and huge volumes of carbon monoxide and other combustion products get into the air.

Secondly, transportation of the coolant over long distances leads to the fact that its temperature is significantly reduced. Heat losses are especially high in winter, during the most active heating. They are partially trying to compensate by increasing the temperature of the water supplied to the pipes, but this again leads to an increase in costs.

Note! According to SNiP, all external pipelines must be equipped with heat-insulating casings. In practice, from a third to a half of heating mains do not have a high-quality heat-saving circuit, so CHP plants often heat not so much apartments as the environment.

From the point of view of the recipient of heating as a service, the centralized scheme is also very inconvenient:

On the one hand, it is almost impossible to regulate the indoor temperature either up or down. So it is quite real that you will be forced to wrap yourself in woolen sweaters, waiting for the temperature of the water in the pipes to rise at the CHP.
On the other hand, the issues of the beginning and end of the heating season turn out to be a stumbling block. Yes, there are certain standards that stipulate the inclusion of heating equipment, but they are not flexible, and therefore in late autumn we freeze for at least a week, waiting for the "heat". Well, in the spring you have to open the windows, because the batteries are not turned off immediately either.

However, most often the transition to apartment heating is determined by financial considerations. Agree, it is much more logical to independently control the indoor climate and pay only for the fuel used for its intended purpose, and not finance the transportation of hot water through non-insulated pipes.

Advantages and disadvantages of apartment heating

Before deciding on the installation of autonomous heating, it is necessary to analyze its pros and cons.

The strengths of this technology include:

Fast enough payback... By saving on payment for energy carriers, it is possible to completely “go to zero” after five to seven years of system operation.

Note! These terms are valid only in the case of rational use of heat. If the boiler operates constantly at maximum power, while you open windows to reduce the temperature (and even more so, turn on the air conditioner), then the savings will be close to zero.

Comfortable microclimate control... You set the appropriate room temperature yourself, and the boiler will automatically maintain it. The highest quality models can be connected to room thermostats, so that the degree of heating of the air will not depend on the outside temperature.

Sustainability... Modern models of heating boilers are distinguished by the most complete combustion of fuel, which minimizes the volume of emissions into the atmosphere.
Reduced construction costs... This plus is relevant primarily for construction companies: when adding apartment heating to a project, you do not need to allocate funds for the installation of heating mains and connection to the mains.

Of course, the system also has disadvantages:

Firstly, the price of the equipment itself is quite substantial. For many, such a one-time investment will be “unaffordable”, so they will either have to take out a loan with all the attendant risks, or save money for several months.
Secondly, the installation of heating equipment in buildings where centralized heating was previously equipped is associated with very laborious bureaucratic procedures.

Thirdly Both during installation and during operation of the system, the utmost attention must be paid to safety issues. This requirement is especially relevant for gas boilers: you should not install them yourself, since only employees of certified services have the right to work with gas equipment.

Arrangement of individual heating

Legal aspects

The very process of switching to autonomous heating must begin with obtaining permits.

An approximate work algorithm will be as follows:

To begin with, the technical feasibility is being specified. This point is the most difficult, as the operating organizations are extremely reluctant to agree to such a step.

Note! You are more likely to be judged in your favor if you contact a lawyer who specializes in such matters. Also, good results are given by collective applications from the whole house or entrance.

Next, we turn to the design organization, which must develop technical conditions for the connection, including the drawings of the piping, the placement of heating circuits, etc.
The next stage is fire supervision. If the building is made of non-combustible materials (brick, concrete), then obtaining an act usually does not cause problems.

Then we purchase the equipment (we will talk about the choice in the next section) and contact the installer. Its representatives are obliged to request from you certificates for the compliance of the boiler with accepted standards, therefore, when buying a unit, you need to pay special attention to this.
Further, the installation itself is carried out, the boiler is connected by gas experts, as well as the registration of equipment and service. After that, the operating organization should receive a notification from you about the transition to autonomous heating of the apartment.

Note! Forms of documents must be agreed with the organization to which you will submit them. Of course, the instruction assumes the presence of a single state standard for the execution of such papers, but very often organizations establish their own internal rules.

Heating device selection

It is necessary to choose a hot water boiler for the heating system of the apartment. And here we need to determine both the power of the device and the type of fuel used - gas or electricity.

With regard to performance, everything is quite simple here: to heat each square meter of area, at least 100 kW of boiler power is needed. Therefore, an apartment with an area of \u200b\u200b50 m 2 needs a device of at least 5 kW.

With regard to gas and electricity, the choice is more difficult here. To analyze strengths and weaknesses, we structured the information in the form of a table:

However, gas appliances are still more popular, so they will most likely be recommended to you. On the other hand, electric boilers can also be installed in non-gasified buildings.

Installing peripherals

Finally, piping and radiators must be installed for heating.

And although there are very few differences from centralized heating, they are worth paying attention to:

The peculiarity of individual heating is the low pressure in the system and the absence of temperature drops. This leaves its mark on the selection of components.
So, instead of steel pipes, you can use polymer or metal-plastic products. They practically do not corrode, but at the same time they have sufficient temperature and deformation resistance.

Note! Part of the pipes can be laid in the floor screed, providing heating of the lower air layer. This will be more rational than the arrangement of underfloor heating with connection to central heating batteries.

Radiators can be taken less durable, but more efficient in terms of heat transfer. So, it is the installation of apartment heating that allows the use of aluminum batteries: since water hammer during pressure testing does not threaten the circuits, then stability of 25 atmospheres should be enough.

Also, when installing individual heating, the use of bimetallic radiators justifies itself. Due to the high heat transfer of such products, it is possible to maintain a lower temperature in the pipes, which allows you not to overpay for gas even in the cold season.

As for the assembly of the contours, there should be no difficulties here: we connect the metal parts either with welded or threaded fittings, and we use high-temperature soldering technology to fasten the polyethylene pipes.

Advice! Before starting the system, it is imperative to check it for leaks.

Conclusion

Despite the complexity of implementation, apartment heating systems have a number of tangible advantages. So to reduce the cost of heating an apartment, it is quite possible to equip an autonomous heating circuit, following the recommendations given in the article and shown in the video. Of course, the payback period will be considerable, but this technology is quite justified as a long-term investment.

Today, for consumers of utilities, due to the increase in their cost, apartment heating in an apartment building is becoming increasingly important. Such heat supply differs from centralized one and saves money. In the field of providing heat to residents of multi-storey buildings, certain standards and regulations apply. At the same time, experts note that centralized and apartment-based heating methods have their own nuances, advantages and disadvantages. The centralized system for supplying heat carrier and hot water supply is considered to be predominant, but it has serious disadvantages:

a specific consumer of a heat resource (apartment owner) is not interested in its economical use and does not have technical capabilities for this;
the transportation of the heat carrier from the heat source to the end consumer is carried out over long distances and at this stage there are large heat losses.

At the same time, the apartment heating system has the following advantages:

there is no need for the construction of expensive heating mains in terms of financial costs;
the coolant from the place of production to the consumer is delivered without energy loss;
each apartment owner has the opportunity to use the amount of heat he needs.

Arrangement of an apartment heating system

The apartment heating system consists of:

a heat generator, it is also a source of heat supply;
hot water supply pipelines with taps;
heating pipelines together with heating devices.

A heat generator room is a public premises or separately allocated in an apartment for placing a heat generator and other equipment.

The apartment heating system allows at the national level to save funds that must be sought for the construction and repair of heating mains. At the same time, each owner of a heating boiler has the opportunity to personally regulate the heat in his apartment without paying the fixed prices charged monthly under a centralized system. It is clear that the owner of the living space will not turn on the heating in warm weather.

In addition, central heating, which gets more expensive from year to year, does not always provide a comfortable temperature in an apartment in cold weather. There may be several reasons for this: an accident on an old worn-out heating main or the heating season, the regional administration decided to start later.

When there is an apartment heating system, in order to set the required temperature for different times of the day, a programmer is used that is connected to modern heating boilers. For example, if the owner
from morning to evening he is at work, and other family members will not be at home, then there is no need to maintain a high temperature in the apartment. The boiler in automatic mode will provide the temperature set at a level, for example, 18 degrees.

Combined heating system, detailed video:

If we consider the existing types of heating in an apartment, then it should be noted that individual apartment heating is material incentives aimed at saving heat. For many years, consumers have been told that they should insulate apartments and windows, not heat the street. But the exhortations of the utilities remain ineffectual. Now, if available, the amount of payments for gas depends on the degree of insulation of the apartment. Thus, for the owner of the living space, a material incentive is the reduction of utility bills.

If you have your own double-circuit boiler, usually used when horizontal heating is created in the apartment, the residents are provided with both heating and hot water (read also: ""). As a result, when switching to a system of individual heat supply, consumers are not threatened with the shutdown of hot water in the summer, so well known to many residents of large cities.

The presence of central heating in the apartment is, of course, convenient, as the owners "do not have a headache" in this regard. But, unfortunately, it is not always practical, since the temperature in the premises begins to directly depend on the thermal regime set in the general boiler room. In addition, such a system is not insured against emergencies that can occur at any part of its length, as a result of which the entire house is often turned off from heating. Quite a few difficulties arise during periods of "off-season", when cold snaps that come early planned the beginning of the heating season, or, conversely, the batteries are heated when the weather is too warm outside.

Despite violations of temperature regimes and temporary shutdowns of the house from heating, the payment for it remains unchanged, which absolutely not profitable ordinary users. Therefore, in recent years, a trend has been gaining momentum when more and more apartment owners in high-rise buildings resort to installing autonomous heating systems.

Those who decide to "separate", as a rule, have numerous questions related to the various nuances of this procedure. Therefore, further we will consider individual heating in an apartment building - the necessary documents and installation rules for him.

Before deciding on such a cardinal replacement, it is necessary to evaluate all the pros and cons of an individual heating system.

So, advantages the presence of an autonomous heating system are as follows:

The possibility of heating an apartment in the off-season, when the central system is not yet turned on or has already been turned off, in accordance with the established regional norms, which are based on the ambient temperature, at these times of the year is very unstable and with large daily fluctuations.
The ability to maintain the required temperature regime in the rooms, which is much more difficult to organize with central heating, since it does not take into account the location of the apartment and the degree of its insulation. Probably, there is no need to explain that apartments located inside the house, and corner ones, moreover, exposed to the prevailing winter winds, still require a differentiated approach to heating. However, to balance consumption costs, heat bills are charged in the same way, usually based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment.

Therefore, by installing autonomous heating in apartments, you can and should immediately take into account the specifics of the location of the rooms, getting both a comfortable microclimate in any of them, and considerable savings in money.

Autonomous heating is easy to customize the operating modes. For example, there is no point in heating "to the full" if at the moment all tenants are absent. It will only be more logical to maintain the required heating level. But by the time the owners arrive, the automatics will “catch up” the heat so that the rooms have the optimum temperature.

Many modern control systems, in addition, are able to independently respond to changes in weather conditions. They can also be controlled remotely using GSM or IP communication channels.

A decrease in operating costs will also occur due to significantly lower energy consumption, since modern gas or electrical equipment is designed for optimal energy consumption - they have high efficiency rates approaching 100 percent.
When installing a double-circuit boiler, it is quite possible to abandon the central hot water supply system, providing your family with hot water autonomously. This means that an apartment equipped with such a unit will not depend on the summer maintenance of hot water supply, and there will always be hot water in it.

Another category of advantages can be attributed to the fact that central heating has to be paid for in summer, as it requires constant maintenance. Having installed an autonomous heating option, payments will be made only for a gas (or electric) meter, that is, it will be possible to directly control energy consumption and the cost of heating and hot water supply, analyze and find ways to further save.

However, there are also considerable difficulties in transferring an apartment to individual heating, and they can be attributed to disadvantages its arrangement:

All work must be carried out on a legal basis and in compliance with all the requirements necessary for this process. Unauthorized reconstruction, firstly, will not get rid of utility bills for heating and hot water supply. And secondly, it also threatens with serious administrative punishment in the form of a very rather large fine.
There will be difficulties associated with the preparation of documentation for disconnecting from central communications, project development, as well as obtaining permission to install equipment.
It will be necessary to allocate or equip a room with a proper ventilation system for the installation of the heating unit.
Installation of the system belongs to the work of a rather high category of complexity.
Considerable costs will be required, both during paperwork and on the purchase of everything necessary for arranging autonomous heating and hot water supply. And this is without taking into account the installation work.
All responsibility for carrying out operational and preventive measures, as well as for the safety of the system, rests entirely with the owner of the apartment. It should be borne in mind that all the named processes associated with autonomous heating will be controlled by the relevant specialized organizations, whose representatives the apartment owner will have to provide access to the installed equipment.

However, even taking into account all the upcoming difficulties and significant initial costs, an autonomous heating system in all respects is much more profitable than central heating and hot water supply. In practice, it will pay for itself quickly enough and will reliably serve for many years.

A package of necessary documents for "autonomization"

In order to organize autonomous heating in an apartment, you will have to do some redevelopment, and this, as you know, is a rather laborious process. It should be borne in mind that the registration of permitting documents can take from three to five months, and installation work - about a week. In this regard, the preparation process must be started in advance.

Preliminary approvals and obtaining permits

So, the first step is to decide on the documents that will be required in order to start developing a project, purchasing equipment, and then installing an autonomous system. The list of documents is approved by Art. 26 ZhK RF "Grounds for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of living quarters."

Any reorganization of living quarters is carried out taking into account the established requirements and in agreement with local authorities. For approval, it is necessary to collect a package of documents, which includes standard entitling documents for the ownership of this housing, which include the following:

Application-petition for the conversion of housing. The application form is standard and approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Certificate of state registration of the right of ownership of an apartment - this can be a right of inheritance or an agreement on the transfer of housing to ownership. You will need a copy of the document certified by a notary.
Technical passport for the apartment - a photocopy certified by a notary.
Apartment redevelopment project, completed in accordance with the established form.
A certified copy of the document showing all the persons registered in the apartment.
Consent to the reconstruction of the heating system from all residents of the apartment. This document is drawn up on one sheet, where all persons living in the apartment are listed, and then they affix their signatures, confirming their consent.
A document from the organization for the protection of architectural monuments, if the house where the reconstruction is planned belongs to the category of architectural monuments.

The applicant should remember that self-government bodies do not have the right to demand other documents not provided for in this article. After acceptance of the package with documentation for consideration, the applicant must be issued a receipt of receipt, with a list of accepted documents.

Consideration and decision on consent or refusal should be carried out no later than 45 days from the date of submission of documentation. The document developed by the commission must be issued to the applicant no later than 3 working days after the decision is made.

According to the rules and regulations of the technical operation of housing, which are approved by the Gosstroy of Russia No. 170 of 27.09.03. , the refusal to redevelop or reorganize the living quarters may follow if these actions will worsen the living conditions of all or individual residents of the house where the applicant's apartment is located.

However, this is not all. The list of documents indicates a redevelopment project, which must be approved by the controlling organizations of gas and heat supply, since permission must be obtained to disconnect from the central heating system and install gas equipment. And after obtaining such permits, a project for redevelopment and installation of an autonomous system is drawn up, which must be agreed with the relevant authorities.

Therefore, you need to prepare all the above documents, since they will have to be presented to all organizations that directly affect the preparation of the project. Documentation is issued in the following order:

The first organization you need to contact is city or district heating networks. It is there that they give permission to disconnect the heating circuit of the apartment from the central heating system. Consent can be issued if the disconnection does not lead to disruption of the engineering equipment of nearby apartments or the entire house as a whole. In principle, there can be no other reasons for refusal.

If an unreasonable refusal is received from this organization, then this is a reason to apply to the courts. It should be noted that sometimes an application for disconnection is submitted through the organization of the self-government of the housing stock.

Then, with the letter of consent received, you must contact the gas service of the district or city to obtain technical specifications for the installation of autonomous heating. This document must be issued within 10 days from the date of the applicant's request.
After receiving the TU, taking all the documentation for the apartment, you can go to the design or energy organization, which is engaged in the preparation of such projects. If the boiler was purchased before the project was drawn up, and it meets all the requirements for installing a multi-storey building in an apartment, then the design organization should be provided with documentation for it. The project will be prepared taking into account the provided technical conditions.

Most of the requirements imposed by regulatory organizations, including the gas service, are spelled out in the document "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", paragraph 6.2 "Apartment heating systems" SNiP41 - 01-2003.

To free yourself from going to all instances, you can entrust the design and approval of all the necessary documents to the design organization. In some regions of Russia, this function is assumed by the gas service. Naturally, all this additional work is done for a fee.

Autonomous heating project

Separately, it is necessary to say about the project for the reconstruction of heating. Firstly, before contacting the specialists who will carry out the design work, you need to carefully study the technical conditions used in drawing up the project, and it is advisable to draw up a preliminary sketch of the approximate location of the heating elements.

Its exact location can be determined after specialists have studied the apartment plan, which is in the technical passport.

So, the project is a necessary document when carrying out any redevelopment of living quarters. Based on it, a new heating circuit and a heating boiler will be installed. How correctly and accurately this document will be drawn up, and then, according to it, the equipment is installed, how efficiently it will work.

The project includes data on external and internal factors that determine the type of heating:

Climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
Engineering and technical characteristics of the structure.
Available energy sources that the heating system can run on.
Technical characteristics of heated housing - the number of rooms, the presence of loggias, as well as the area and volume of premises.
The financial side of the issue.

Based on these data, not only the place of installation of the heating unit is selected, but also its type and power.

To make heating efficient and economical, it is recommended to entrust the development of its project to specialists. The best way to cope with this stage will be energy companies that themselves control or interact with organizations approving the heating sector, with which the project will subsequently be coordinated, which will definitely ensure its correctness, and hence approval.

To get a positive result and an optimal technical solution, the customer must work closely with the organization developing the project. In the process of creating a project, several options are usually considered. The customer chooses the one that suits him the most, after which the technical parameters of the unit and all the necessary equipment are determined. The project is being developed in several stages:

If the customer has not provided his own version of the sketch, then work begins with him.
A heating circuit diagram is being developed, on the basis of which the system will be installed.
Documentation is being prepared for the projected heating system.
An estimate is made.

If this work is entrusted to professionals, then at each certain stage of project development, specialists in the field of heat supply, ventilation, architecture, and energy supply will participate in it.

The project consists of several parts, which present certain data from different sides of the project:

Descriptive part gives information about the content and significance of the project. This section of the document, in turn, is subdivided into several paragraphs, where the following technical data is located:

Location of an apartment or house, if autonomous heating is planned to be installed in the private sector;

Location of living quarters and layout features.

The descriptive section of the document specifies the technical characteristics of the premises, taking into account their location and climatic features of the region where the building is located. This description is necessary in order to determine the types and types of heating equipment. This information will subsequently be used to carry out calculations and determine the power that the heating system should have, as well as the parameters of the temperature regime in the apartment.

Technological calculations - this is the main part of the project, which summarizes the parameters of the volume of the required energy carrier when the unit is operating in different modes, as well as the optimal temperature of the coolant, which provides the necessary heating of the apartment rooms. It is especially important to determine the power of the heating and hot water supply boiler, since on the basis of these calculations, a selection of equipment and accessories for it is made.

In the same part, heat losses during heating of premises are calculated, on the basis of which it will be possible to draw conclusions about the efficiency of the system.

The calculated parameters will also show how appropriate this or that wiring and the type of connection of radiators to the system circuit is. The calculation also includes the use of automatic control devices in the heating system.

Further, all the data obtained is necessarily reflected in the heating system diagram, which will become a guide for installers during the work. Deviations from the developed by specialists and approved scheme may lead to a failure to commission the system, which is permitted by the selection committee.

Specification ... This section contains data on the main materials and elements of the heating system, and their main technical characteristics. This part of the project also includes a diagram of a heating system with marked nodes and devices listed in the list.

This information is key for calculating the hydrostatics of the system as well as the required heating temperature. If these calculations are carried out incorrectly, then the system will be ineffective, and the gas consumption will be exceeded.

Graphic image - This is an important section of the project that visually represents how the overall design of the heating system will look like. This part of the project is carried out using special computer programs, most often in a three-dimensional projection.

When submitting an application for the development of a project, it is necessary to clarify for specialists the reasons for switching to an autonomous type of heating. The more justifications there are, the more accurate the calculations will be, since specialists will know what to pay special attention to when carrying out them.

A copy of the design documents must be submitted to the gas company, which will further service the installed equipment.

Gas boiler for autonomous heating of an apartment

When drawing up a project, experts will offer options for boilers that can be used for installation in an individual heating system of an apartment. However, you need to independently study some information related to the choice of the unit.

First of all, it is worth referring to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of 16. 04.12. , which deals with the connection of heat supply systems. This decree provides a list of heat and power devices that do not meet the established requirements, and therefore are prohibited for installation in apartments in multi-storey buildings. Having studied this document, it will be possible to immediately determine which devices of which designs cannot be installed in an autonomous heating system of an apartment.

So, the list of boilers that can be used in apartments in multi-storey buildings includes units that operate on natural gas and meet the following requirements:

Having a closed (sealed) combustion chamber.
Mandatory availability of automatic shutdown of the fuel supply in the event of a power outage, the flame of the burner goes out, if there are malfunctions in the protection circuit, if there is insufficient pressure inside the system, which may fall below the limit value, when the coolant heats up above the limit temperature, as well as in case of malfunctions in the smoke exhaust system ...
With a permissible temperature of the coolant in the system not higher than 95˚.
The coolant pressure is not more than 1 MPa.

In addition, boilers are single-circuit, used only for heating an apartment, and double-circuit, designed for both heating and water heating. When applying and collecting documents, this factor should also be indicated. This is due to the fact that heating networks must agree to disconnect the apartment not only from heating, but also from the hot water supply system.

Next, you need to decide on the design of the heating unit, since it can be wall-mounted or floor-standing. For installation in a modern apartment, a wall-mounted version of gas equipment is most often chosen, since such boilers are compact in size and pretty aesthetic design, resembling a gas water heater in appearance. Since the chimney from the heating boiler must go out into the street, it will be convenient to place it on an external wall, with this installation there will be no problems with the location of the pipe in the room. As a rule, there is a window on the outer wall, which will solve problems with the ventilation of the room. Usually, the power of a wall-mounted boiler is sufficient to heat a standard apartment with proper insulation of the walls and the presence of euro windows with double-glazed windows.

Premises in an apartment where a gas boiler can be installed

Separately, a few words must be said about the room for installing a gas boiler, since it will not work out to place it in any room, according to the preference of the owners.

The room for placing gas heating equipment must meet certain safety requirements, which include the following:

Do not install gas equipment in a residential area.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe room must be at least 4 square meters
The entrance door to the room with the installed boiler must be at least 800 mm wide.
The room should be equipped with a window facing the street.
The boiler is wall-mounted or installed on the floor, in the distance, which must be at least 300 mm from other gas equipment, for example, a gas stove.
In the room, it is necessary to find the possibility of bringing the chimney out into the street, that is, through the wall. The outlet of the pipe to the general ventilation duct is not allowed.
Some heating units require forced ventilation in the room, that is, you will have to install an exhaust fan on the window. This will be indicated in the technical specifications.
The wall-mounted boiler must be fixed on a wall built of non-combustible material, and for the floor one must make a fire-resistant flooring, for example, lay ceramic floor tiles.

Without meeting these requirements, the commission that signs the acceptance certificate will not give its consent to the commissioning of an autonomous heating system.

Based on the characteristics of the room, we can conclude that the unit can be installed in the kitchen or in a pre-insulated loggia combined with it. Since the gas boiler is tied to the main pipeline for supplying an energy carrier, which is connected to the kitchen room of the apartment, it is this that is optimal for the location of the heating unit.

In addition, the kitchen must be equipped with a window overlooking the street and a door of the required width. And besides, there is a general ventilation channel connected to it, which is also necessary for the apartment "boiler room".

How to approach the choice of a gas heating boiler?

In order for the purchased boiler to fully meet the the parameters of the system being created heating, was reliable and easy to use, it is necessary to be guided by a number of criteria for evaluating such equipment when purchasing. - read in a separate publication of our portal.

Autonomous electric heating

Arrangement of electric heating is much simpler than gas heating. If only because there is a wider choice of where to install the boiler or other equipment, since the power supply is distributed throughout the apartments, and ventilation and combustion products removal systems are not required.

When planning the installation of electric heating, first of all, you need to consult the institution "Energonadzor" (or a similar organization). It is necessary to check the availability of resources in the house for the release of additional energy. If a written consent is obtained in this organization, then it is necessary to contact the heating network service with him and with a petition to disconnect the apartment from the centralized heating supply.

The list of the rest of the documentation should be clarified with the energy company and with the local authorities. The fact is that when installing electric heating in different regions of the country, the requirements for its installation can vary significantly. The only thing that should be noted is that the number of documents and approvals will be much less compared to the gas heating option for an apartment.

Thanks to modern technology, today you can choose one of two options for electric heating. One assumes the use of a heating unit with a conventional piping for the circulation of the coolant. The second involves direct heating by separately installed devices or systems - electric convectors, infrared heaters, floor heating systems.

Heating using an electric boiler

The system using a heating medium, that is, the piping and radiators remain in place. But they are connected to an electric heating boiler, and the coolant will be heated from it, and not from the central heating main.

Most modern models of electric heating units are equipped with automatic controls. Therefore, the system can be programmed so that the heating of the premises to the required temperature will not occur constantly, but only at the time set by the owners. You can save a lot on this function, for example, using the nightly preferential tariff for "charging" heat accumulator.

On sale are wall-mounted electric boilers, which can have a power of 5 ÷ 60 kW, as well as floor-standing options, their power exceeds 60 kW.

Experts will tell you which one to choose, when submitting documents for drawing up a project for an electric heating system, in which there will be a scheme for its arrangement. The choice of the boiler will depend on the area and location of the apartment in the house, the degree of its insulation, the number of windows and balconies, as well as the frame material. Usually, when choosing the boiler power, they rely on the established technological standards, that is, 1 kW of electricity per 10 "squares" of the area.

It should not be overlooked that if a unit with a capacity exceeding 9 kW is purchased, then there will be a need to re-equip the apartment electrical network and install a three-phase meter. If it is planned to install a heating boiler with a higher capacity, then before purchasing it, you must consult and obtain written permission from the local energy company.

It should be borne in mind that household electric boilers are not designed for a large number of radiators; therefore, their installation is optimal for heating small areas, up to 80 - 90 m². In addition to the boiler, “warm floor” systems can be used, which consume electricity quite economically.

Electrical units operate according to a standard automatic heating system. The heat carrier (water or antifreeze) heats up, passing through the boiler, and then enters the heating circuit with radiators installed in it. Passing this path, the coolant cools down and returns to the boiler for heating, etc. To make the circulation more intense, and the radiators warm up faster, a circulation pump is installed in the heating circuit.

An electric boiler, unlike gas equipment, can be installed in any utility room where it is convenient to lay the power line, and from where it will be easier to carry out the general wiring of the heating circuit pipes. Most often, a kitchen or a bathroom is also chosen for this. But sometimes it is also mounted in the corridor, sinking the wiring of the circuit pipes into the wall surfaces.

What is an electric heating boiler?

The variety of such devices is quite large, and not only in terms of size, power and other operational parameters, but even according to the heating principle. Read more about this in a special article on our portal dedicated to.

Direct heating of premises with electrical appliances

Heating using separate electrical appliances or underfloor heating systems that can be combined or operated separately is called a direct heating system.

This option is preferable to choose if there is a desire to get rid of numerous pipes and volumetric radiators, since, for example, electric convectors have a more aesthetic appearance and compact size. The "warm floor" system can be cable rod or film - but in any case, it is generally invisible to the eye.

When combining individual devices into a single system, it is possible to connect it to a common control unit, with the help of which temperature conditions are set by time of day and by days of the week, taking into account the daily routine of the family.

When choosing any type of electric heating, for safety reasons, it is necessary to provide grounding, without which permission will not be issued to put the system into operation.

The advantage of electric heating is that it is safer than gas heating. And compared to the central system, it can be easily and very precisely regulated by setting the required temperature.

The main disadvantage of the electrical system is that in the event of a power outage, the apartment will remain not only without lighting, but also without heating. Therefore, if in a specific settlement this phenomenon is repeated with frightening constancy, then it is better to opt for autonomous gas heating of the apartment. In addition, very high electricity tariffs are also an obvious disadvantage.

Features of the arrangement of electric heating are in compliance with some conditions that are not provided for the gas heating option. So, experts recommend:

Carry out for the electric heating system from the distribution the shield is a separate power cable that stabilizes the load on the common household electrical network.
RCD systems are installed today in all apartments in new buildings equipped with autonomous electric heating. If it is not there, then you will have to attend to the acquisition of such a block. This is a reliable protection against electric shock when it leaks onto the device case.
It is highly desirable to install a two-tariff meter, which will help to save money if the premises are supplied with heat during preferential hours.

Direct heating devices and systems - what to choose?

The variety of such devices is extremely wide. You can learn more about it in a special article on the portal. E another publication will tell you in detail about the varieties and specific features different systems.

Installation of an autonomous heating system

Disconnecting an apartment from the central heating and hot water supply lines, as well as installing a gas and electric boiler, is carried out only by specialists from energy companies who have a special documented permit to carry out such work.

Such rules were introduced to comply with all safety conditions both during installation and during the operation of the equipment. Do not forget that in an apartment building there are many neighboring apartments with people in them. And you shouldn't endanger your life and theirs.

You can take on the laying of pipes and the placement of heating radiators, the installation of other necessary system elements. But even then - only if you have good skills in conducting such operations.

It makes little sense to dwell on the installation procedure in this publication. The fact is that all the details are set out in a special article on the portal.

The nuances of installing a water heating system

Whether a gas boiler is installed, or an electric one, otherwise the wiring of the pipe circuit, the installation of radiators, additional devices and parts are almost the same. How it is carried out in a house or apartment - the recommended link will lead you to the corresponding detailed instructions.

Before deciding to abandon centralized heating and hot water supply, it is necessary to weigh all the positive and negative aspects of autonomous heating of the apartment. And only after making such a comparison and conducting a thoughtful analysis - to start collecting documents.

Another small clarification. It may also happen that, having disconnected the apartment from the heating and hot water supply, you still have to pay for the general heating. But these amounts will be very scanty, compared to those that were indicated monthly in the payment order earlier.

And in conclusion - a short video that will also help to weigh all the "pro" and "contra" of the autonomous heating system in the apartment

Video: Advantages and disadvantages of an autonomous apartment heating system

Apartment heating (apartment building) significantly reduces costs: based on operating experience from 1997 to 1999 in Smolensk, more than 800 apartments with apartment heating in buildings of various storeys, the cost of utilities for heat supply and hot water supply for a family of 4 people compared to the centralized system decreased almost 6 times, and taking into account subsidies - 15 times. The consumer gets the opportunity to achieve maximum thermal comfort, and himself determines the level of his own supply of heat and hot water; the problem of interruptions in heat and hot water for technical, organizational and seasonal reasons is eliminated.
A sociological study conducted by our company in Smolensk among residents of houses with apartment heating showed that the factor of the presence of apartment heating (apartment heating) in the purchased housing is in second place after the location of the housing, ahead of even such important criteria as price, layout and building material.

For builders

Apartment heating significantly reduces the cost of housing construction: there is no need for expensive heating networks, heating points, heat metering devices; it becomes possible to carry out housing construction in urban areas that are not provided with a developed infrastructure of heating networks, provided, of course, a reliable gas supply; the problem of payback of the heating system is removed, because repayment of the cost occurs at the time of home purchase; the consumer attractiveness of such apartments increases.

For gas supply organizations

Apartment heating (apartment) allows you to save gas by 30-40%, to acquire the most serviceable payer for gas and services in the person of end consumers.

For executive authorities

With apartment heating, heat loss in heating networks is excluded; money resources are saved due to the lack of heating plants, heat points, the problem of accounting and payment for heat energy is removed; the provision of heat and hot water is shifted from the state to the end consumer - the owner of the home; As a result, these factors lead to savings in energy consumption, reduce the costs of budgets of different levels for fuel and energy supply.
The experiment of the Gosstroy of Russia on the construction of multi-storey buildings with apartment heating (apartment) showed the real possibility of this type of heat supply for various construction: both for elite (brick, monolithic) and for mass (block-panel).

Modern assessment of various heat supply systems

Comparative cost of capital expenditures for heat supply of a 36-apartment building (Tula) when wiring on a steel pipe (unit cost per square meter in rubles; 2000 data):

Gas consumption for heat supply of the same type of apartment buildings in Milan, Italy (for 1 apartment in cubic meters):

Examples of design solutions for air supply and smoke removal systems

Beretta boilers can be supplied with kits for air supply and flue gas extraction (so-called manifolds), as well as accessories for hydraulic connections and automatic regulation. In multi-storey construction, it is advisable to solve air supply and smoke exhaust issues with the help of attached or built-in collective air ducts and chimneys, the calculations of the section and insulation of which were made by both foreign and domestic design organizations.

Ecology of apartment heating

Use of boilers with closed chamber combustion allows you to eliminate the problem of ventilation of the room, ensuring the correct amount of combustion air. In such boilers, combustion air is sucked in by a forcedly built-in fan from the external environment and combustion products are discharged there. The intermittent operation of the boiler facilitates the dispersion of combustion products in the air. In normal operation, boilers with a closed combustion chamber and forced draft emit combustion products with a CO (carbon monoxide) content in the range of 80-110 p.p.m. (which meets European standards).

Italian concern Riello S.p.A. offers for apartment heating (apartment) wall-mounted gas boilers of the Beretta brand. The Beretta boiler is a "mini-boiler" the size of a gas water heater. The Beretta boiler is in keeping with modern traditions in the field of domestic design and technical construction. All Beretta boilers are equipped with modern security systems, adapted to the operating conditions in Russia, and have the appropriate certificates and permits from Gosgortekhnadzor and the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service.

The transition to apartment heating systems is increasingly common in new buildings. However, with centralized heating, new houses are also being built enough. This article is addressed to those who are now looking at new housing and thinking about which option is better to stop.

What is it about

The basic idea is clear: the new home is not connected to district heating. What is the result?

The developer, thus, saves on the wiring of communications and the installation of heating devices; in addition, complex calculations and countless agreements with heat suppliers are not required.
For a potential buyer of an apartment, the fact that he is not being sold housing with an already concluded contract for the supply of thermal energy should also be beneficial. At a minimum, he himself can choose the heat source and the temperature regime of heating.

However: in practice, most of the new buildings are rented with preinstalled double-circuit gas boilers. It is clear that their price is included in the cost of housing.

Apartments with supplied communications, but without a pre-installed heating system of any type, however, can also be seen on sale. Let's look at both cases.

A gas boiler

It's worth saying right away: gas REALLY is the cheapest heat source for heating. At least for now. Let's weigh the pros and cons of this scenario.

Advantages

Practice shows that the difference in payment between centralized heating and autonomous, using gas, ranges from 2 to 3 times with the same temperature regime.

Why is DH so expensive?

It is clear that the first, almost unconditioned reflex is to blame greedy officials for everything. However, the tariffs for the heat of housing and communal services have, in addition to someone's ill will, and quite sensible justifications.

They pay for the gas that is used to produce heat by boiler houses and CHPs at a higher tariff than private individuals.
Nobody canceled the depreciation of equipment. The boilers need periodic repair and maintenance; in addition, the tariffs have to include the planned replacement of equipment.
Annual repairs and scheduled replacement of heating mains are also a burden on your pocket.
The home heating system needs to be maintained. This cost item includes the planned replacement and repair of risers, elimination of radiator leaks, revision and replacement of valves in the elevator unit, checking and boring of the nozzle, monitoring the elevator temperature and hundreds of other works that we often do not notice.
Finally, all heat losses: on a heating main with stripped off thermal insulation, in an open doorway, even in the CHPP itself, you pay ... right, you too.

Another important advantage that an apartment heating system has is independence. It seems that anyone had to freeze at home while waiting for the heating to start and suffer from stuffiness on a hot April day. implies that you provide at any time the required temperature regime, in accordance with ONLY with your own comfort.

disadvantages

Of course, not without them.

The use of the removal of combustion products through a coaxial air duct to the facade of the house means that it is better not to open the windows again. Soot, inevitable during gas combustion, will get inside the premises.

However: in houses whose design was initially optimized for individual heating, a more complex boiler operation scheme is often encountered: air is taken from the facade, and the combustion products are discharged into the ventilation duct, the throughput of which allows all boilers in the riser to work at full power simultaneously.

The photo shows just such a new building. Air intake ducts are installed on the facade.

Gas consumption in corner and medium-sized apartments of the house will differ. In the case of central heating, this, albeit somewhat comical, problem of social inequality is solved by the same amount of payment for heat.
The greater the total amount of gas equipment in the building, the greater the likelihood of a gas leak with the corresponding consequences. Yes, modern boilers are much safer than Soviet-style gas stoves; however, in general, the gas is still explosive.

Apartment without heating equipment: solving the heating problem

Well, what options are possible when buying an apartment without a pre-installed boiler? Are there heating schemes that are at least close to gas in terms of convenience and efficiency?

Actually, there is little choice. Most of the heat sources are inapplicable in a city apartment.

Solid fuel boilers disappear even not because of the need for frequent maintenance, but because there is nowhere to store firewood and coal in the apartment.
Solarium is VERY loud burner noise and a container with a volume of at least a couple of cubes. And then, imagine the process of filling it out in an apartment building ...
Heating with electricity (more precisely, direct heating with it) is very expensive. All energy-saving technologies (underfloor heating, infrared emitters, and even more so various electric radiators and others like them) can, at best, reduce costs by a couple of tens of percent. Costs will still be 6-8 times higher than gas heating costs.

What remains? Actually, only heat pumps. And only two types - air-air and air-water.

Costs in the budget option are easy to estimate: for example, for a two-room apartment with an area of \u200b\u200b60 square meters, two household heat pumps C Nordic CH-S09FTXN worth 22,000 rubles each are quite enough. This particular model was chosen not only for its low price, but also for its excellent energy efficiency in combination with a wide range of operating temperatures for heating (up to -25C).

Let's try to estimate the costs in this case. Do-it-yourself calculation is more than easy:

According to SNiP, one kilowatt of thermal power is required for heating 10 m2.

Please note: new houses are being built with the active use of energy-saving technologies, so in practice this value can be safely divided by two. However, we will proceed from the worst-case scenario.

Thus, for an apartment of 60 m2, 6 kilowatts are required. The rated power of one CH-S09FTXN is 3600 watts; however, inverter control technology allows flexible power regulation without interruptions and subsequent compressor starts.
The C.O.P. parameter, which means the ratio of effective thermal power and electric power, for our air conditioners is 4.2. In order to provide a rated power of 6 KW, they will have to continuously spend 6 / 4.2 \u003d 1.43 kilowatts.

Let's dwell on this value: on the one hand, as practice shows, with a correctly calculated thermal power, the AVERAGE power consumption for the heating season does not exceed half of the nominal, on the other hand, the efficiency of heat pumps depends on the outside temperature.

It is clear that at +15 and at -25 per kilowatt-hour of heat taken from the atmospheric air, electricity consumption will be different.

At the current cost of a kilowatt-hour, a day of heating will cost 1.43 kW * 4 r / kW / h * 24 hours \u003d 137 rubles. The month is at 4110.

Is it a lot or a little?

On the one hand, the costs seem to be comparable to the costs of central heating. On the other hand:

In reality, in a house with an insulated facade, the costs will be MUCH less.
The heating season starts when it suits you.
It is worth considering the immediate prospects. It is not difficult to predict the exponential rise in fossil fuel prices in the coming years. But the prices for electricity will grow many times slower: the energy industry of all countries is switching to renewable sources.

Which heating scheme is better to stop at is, of course, only you decide.

How to switch to autonomous heating

Is there an instruction for documenting the transition to autonomous heating for houses with central heating?

Here is a rough procedure.

The owner of the apartment clarifies the technical possibility of disconnecting the apartment from the central heating center. You will have to communicate either with the housing organization, or, which is more reasonable, directly with the heat supplier. The current municipal legislation provides for the theoretical possibility of switching to individual heating.
Technical conditions for the installation of gas equipment are being prepared - calculation of consumption, drawings of gas supply, etc. Of course, if you switch to gas. When using electric heating of any type, your path lies to Energosbyt.
A fire control act is being prepared. In city apartments, walls are usually made of non-combustible material, so there should be no obstacles.
If you plan to use a coaxial duct with an outlet to the facade of the building, you will need permission from the Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.
Next, you need to contact a licensed installation company and prepare a package of documents: certificates for the equipment to be installed, installation instructions, a copy of the installer's license, and a service agreement.
After the complete installation of the gas heating system, you will have to invite a gas service specialist to connect and first start the boiler. In the case of heat pumps, this is clearly not necessary.
It remains to put the boiler for service and inform the gas service about the transition to autonomous heat supply.

However: under certain circumstances, the costs and terms of preparing the documentation may turn out to be such that a reasonable question arises: is it not easier to exchange an apartment for a cottage?

Conclusion

A little more about how you can implement individual heating in an apartment building, you can find out from the video attached to the article.

A large number of companies today offer their services in the supply of equipment for individual heating. In Russia, the expansion of the market for apartment heating in apartment buildings is mainly carried out. In particular, there are firms that are fruitfully working with the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation and other large construction organizations. The time has come when individual heating should be on a par with central heating or even higher in importance. The task is to draw the attention of construction investors and consumers to this area. The segment of construction of residential buildings with apartment heating, although new, is quite promising.

In Russia, they began to talk about individual heating for residential buildings relatively recently, in the late 90s of the last century. And already in the early 2000s, the first objects with software appeared on the territory of our country, including in Smolensk. It is necessary to pay attention to the number of storeys of houses with apartment heating. The fact is that for this technology it does not matter how many floors there are in the house, at least two, at least ten. There are technical solutions for buildings of any number of storeys. The problem exists, perhaps, for fire services, but not for construction companies or equipment suppliers. In the north of Italy, for example, there is a complex of three seventeen-story houses, which has been successfully operated for more than two decades.

In this article, we will conduct a comparative analysis of various heating systems and prove why houses with apartment heating are more promising for the consumer than all the others.

Apartment heating in multi-apartment buildings and central heating: a comparison

The comparison will be carried out based on the main criteria for assessing the feasibility of different types of heating. Namely, these are investments, efficiency, property, maintenance availability and consumer comfort. We will not consider the cases of district heating, which uses free heat sources, as, for example, in Denmark, where waste is used in DH.

Central heating

Investments in this area are practically not invested, as you know, the authorities never have money for DH. Therefore, new equipment is almost never used, and what is available is worn out. The efficiency for district heating in Russia is 45-50 percent. The owner of the DH is understandable, this is the state, that's why it is central heating, that is, common. Maintenance is carried out, but irregularly and not always of high quality; management companies are responsible for it. But let's dwell on comfort in more detail. What kind of comfort can we talk about if people have to either open the vents, or, on the contrary, use additional heat sources in the form of heating devices? It is clear that central heating cannot be called comfortable for the consumer.

Block boiler room in a residential building

The situation for this type of heating system looks much better. The funds are being invested, since construction companies must rent out the house, and this cannot be done without a heating system. Since heating networks put forward high demands on heating systems, they have to comply with them. The efficiency is quite high, since there is no need to transport heat. But with regard to property, then the question arises. On the one hand, all apartment owners in a residential building are owners. But in fact, when equipment breaks down, people do not want to invest in it, since after all it is common, not their personal. Maintenance of block boiler houses is carried out, private companies are responsible for it, which are ready to take on such work. Usually these are the same firms that were engaged in the installation and commissioning of the system. Another question: who will pay for it? Let's leave the question unanswered, since this type of activity is not very profitable and requires significant costs. The level of comfort, however, heating systems with modular boiler rooms are high, but not on an individual basis, although higher than in the case of central heating. In order to make the ideal conditions for yourself personally, you will have to buy rather expensive equipment, such as thermostatic heads.

Apartment heating in an apartment building

The investment required is the same as in the case of the modular boiler house described above. Calculations have shown that software and bookmakers for a standard ten-story building are practically equal and vary by 10-15 percent in one direction or the other. It all depends on what equipment is used and what is the cost of installation work. The efficiency of the system is very high, in fact, it is equal to the efficiency of the boiler. There are no problems with the property, since the entire heating system is owned by the owner of the apartment. The issue of servicing has also been practically resolved: young firms are acting as servicing companies. True, the owners of individual heating systems do not yet think too much about the need for maintenance. In this case, consumer comfort is very high. Each person can adjust the parameters they need. For example, one will need a temperature of 19 degrees, while the other feels good at 25 degrees. It is enough just to set the required temperature on the boiler or on the room thermostat, nothing else needs to be done.

Investment attractiveness of apartments with apartment heating

The question often arises about the investment attractiveness of houses with apartment heating. Above, we have already mentioned that software and bookmaker are practically equal in terms of investment, and central office is much more expensive. Software and BK differ exclusively in comfort and in solving the problem with the ownership of heating equipment. Real research was carried out and the costs of individual heating were calculated in order to compare them with the calculations for BC and DH. It turned out that in terms of investment, that is, at the construction stage, apartment heating is a little cheaper than BC, and much cheaper than central heating.

Saving gas and money

Referring to foreign experience, we note that in Italy tax incentives are provided to citizens who switch to apartment heating. In this case, they disconnect from the boiler room and put a wall-mounted boiler in their home. However, even before this mechanism of “sponsoring” the population was launched, the country's authorities conducted a rather interesting study.

In two nearly identical housing estates in Milan (one with a modular boiler room and the other with wall-mounted boilers), a variety of data related to the operating costs of the system have been measured for four years. In particular, the absolute volume of gas used in one apartment was taken into account. In the course of the research, the equipment became more and more perfect, thermostatic heads and wall thermostats were installed in the apartments. As for the results, it turned out that the software allows you to save up to a third of gas. An impressive enough result of the experiment, you must agree.

Currently, there are similar data, but from Russian sources (for example, an article by VA Yeltsov, First Deputy General Director of OJSC Smolenskoblgaz, Plamya, No. 4 of 2000 considers an example in the city of Smolensk). It is important to note that the consumer also pays significantly less for utility bills with software, since he spends less gas.

Back to western experience

Installation of wall-hung boilers is popular in Italy, as this equipment is distinguished by its perfect design and has many useful functions. About a million wall-hung boilers are sold annually in Italy, and about four million throughout Europe. And the entire fleet of available equipment equals approximately 15 million boilers. And there is nothing strange in this, because apartments with apartment heating are really beneficial for the consumer, and most importantly, comfortable.

Of the million boilers that are installed every year in Italy, about 800,000 replace old systems. Statistics show that on average every family in Italy changes the boiler once every 8 years. The service life of the boiler is much longer (15-20 years), but the equipment becomes obsolete over time. Therefore, it requires replacement. It can be assumed that after a certain number of years, our country will also need a massive replacement of wall-mounted boilers.

What do consumers think about houses with apartment heating?

Let's return to Russian realities and turn to a survey that was conducted in Smolensk, where there are a lot of houses with apartment heating. The results were very encouraging. 250 people answered the questions, their housing had an area of \u200b\u200bup to 70 squares (this was 25 percent) and from 70 to 150 squares (71 percent). A question was asked about how they assess their financial situation, 93 percent assessed it as favorable. The family of 62 percent of the respondents consists of three or more members. At the same time, apartment heating systems are used by citizens for up to one year (a quarter of the respondents), up to three years (67 percent) and more than three years (all other respondents).

Based on the above, the average respondent is a person of mature age (41-55 years old) who has a permanent job and incomes of an average level, lives in an apartment of about 100 square meters and has a family of three, and has been using apartment heating for about 2 years. ...

Then the most important question was asked, which, in fact, concerns our entire article. The respondents were asked what influenced the choice of this particular apartment. It was necessary to build several factors based on their importance. There were eight factors in total, ranging from the layout to the location of the house. These included the presence of apartment heating in the apartment. The results were as follows: software came in second in importance! Let's remember that citizens with above average income answered the questions. As you know, it is they who determine the state of the investment climate in construction in general. And a study conducted in Smolensk suggests that apartment heating has ceased to be experimental and has become a factor in the growth and success of construction companies. Representatives of companies need to realize that the cost of houses with apartment heating is not higher, and often even lower, while apartments in them can be sold at a higher price, since they are more attractive to the consumer. As a result, the construction company will be able to earn significantly more.

In general, even before the survey described above, there were scattered data on the assessment of the consumer properties of software. Including, these are numerous conversations with residents, installers of wall-mounted boilers, builders, representatives of service companies. Here is one illustrative example. In one of the cities of the Moscow region, apartments in houses with individual heating cost $ 500-550 per square meter, and in houses with central heating - $ 350-400 per square meter. It would seem that the latter should be more attractive because of the price, but in reality, apartments with apartment heating are much more popular and are sold out faster. One more example. When the construction company completed the settlement of the first ten-story building with software, people overwhelmed it with questions about when the new objects with wall-mounted boilers would be.

Here is a rather interesting and indicative moment. In Smolensk, for example, almost 90% of apartment owners know what brand is the boiler installed in their home. Whereas in Italy this figure does not even reach 30 percent. We can draw a conclusion from this: since people are interested in the brand, it means that they also look at this factor when choosing an apartment for purchase. Accordingly, some brands are more prestigious.

Finally, all the same survey participants from Smolensk had to tell in their own words about the advantages of software for them personally. The respondents were divided into three large groups. The first mentioned economy, the second talked about comfort, and the third about a variety of reasons. Note that the second group also noted independence from central heating as one of the components of comfort.

Features of apartment heating in Russia

With the results of a sociological survey, everything is clear, but what kind of boilers are installed in our country by construction companies? Statistics show that about half of the boilers purchased are equipment with an open combustion chamber. And this is not good, since many have heard about the low culture of building ventilation systems and smoke removal. In addition, plastic windows are popular today, and the boiler needs a large amount of air for combustion. It is known that boilers with an open combustion chamber take air from the apartment where they are standing, and devices with a closed chamber take air from the external environment. Of course, the second type of boilers is more expensive. However, it guarantees safety and comfort to the fullest.

Let's go further. Most of the installed boilers have a capacity of 24 kilowatts. Do not forget that Russians use a lot of hot water, as well as the fact that wealthy people live in apartments with apartment heating (this was shown by the previously mentioned survey). Let's remember that in their families, according to statistics, there are at least three people. It is clear that at the same time in the apartment they can take a shower, wash dishes and do other household chores. Equipment with a capacity of 24 kilowatts gives about 12-13 liters per minute at Dt \u003d 25. And this, you see, is not enough for Russian winters and the habits of our compatriots. Therefore, it would not be superfluous to switch to boilers with a capacity of 28 or 32 kilowatts. In the heating circuit, equipment for 24 and 28 kilowatts is interchangeable, and the latter gives a higher comfort. Moreover, the price per square meter changes only slightly.

In conclusion, we add that 90% of boilers have practically no additional options, although they are in high-comfort apartments.

Let's summarize. Unambiguously, consumers put the comfort and efficiency that apartment heating systems give first place. When purchasing apartments with software, they are ready to pay more. Currently, individual heating has ceased to be just a forced measure to abandon DH. Currently, apartment heating in an apartment building is necessary to meet the high demand of wealthy consumers. This means that it is necessary to pay close attention to it for all construction companies.

What is it about

The basic idea is clear: the new home is not connected to district heating. What is the result?

The developer, thus, saves on the wiring of communications and the installation of heating devices; in addition, complex calculations and countless agreements with heat suppliers are not required.
For a potential buyer of an apartment, the fact that he is not being sold housing with an already concluded contract for the supply of thermal energy should also be beneficial. At a minimum, he himself can choose the heat source and the temperature regime of heating.

However: in practice, most of the new buildings are rented with preinstalled double-circuit gas boilers. It is clear that their price is included in the cost of housing.

Apartments with supplied communications, but without a pre-installed heating system of any type, however, can also be seen on sale. Let's look at both cases.

A gas boiler

It's worth saying right away: gas REALLY is the cheapest heat source for heating. At least for now. Let's weigh the pros and cons of this scenario.

Advantages

Practice shows that the difference in payment between centralized heating and autonomous, using gas, ranges from 2 to 3 times with the same temperature regime.

Why is DH so expensive?

They pay for the gas that is used to produce heat by boiler houses and CHPs at a higher tariff than private individuals.
Nobody canceled the depreciation of equipment. The boilers need periodic repair and maintenance; in addition, the tariffs have to include the planned replacement of equipment.
Annual repairs and scheduled replacement of heating mains are also a burden on your pocket.
The home heating system needs to be maintained. This cost item includes the planned replacement and repair of risers, elimination of radiator leaks, revision and replacement of valves in the elevator unit, checking and boring of the nozzle, monitoring the elevator temperature and hundreds of other works that we often do not notice.
Finally, all heat losses: on a heating main with stripped off thermal insulation, in an open doorway, even in the CHPP itself, you pay ... right, you too.

disadvantages

Of course, not without them.

The use of the removal of combustion products through a coaxial air duct to the facade of the house means that it is better not to open the windows again. Soot, inevitable during gas combustion, will get inside the premises.

However: in houses whose design was initially optimized for individual heating, a more complex boiler operation scheme is often encountered: air is taken from the facade, and the combustion products are discharged into the ventilation duct, the throughput of which allows all boilers in the riser to work at full power simultaneously.

The photo shows just such a new building. Air intake ducts are installed on the facade.

Gas consumption in corner and medium-sized apartments of the house will differ. In the case of central heating, this, albeit somewhat comical, problem of social inequality is solved by the same amount of payment for heat.
The greater the total amount of gas equipment in the building, the greater the likelihood of a gas leak with the corresponding consequences. Yes, modern boilers are much safer than Soviet-style gas stoves; however, in general, the gas is still explosive.

Apartment without heating equipment: solving the heating problem

Well, what options are possible when buying an apartment without a pre-installed boiler? Are there heating schemes that are at least close to gas in terms of convenience and efficiency?

Actually, there is little choice. Most of the heat sources are inapplicable in a city apartment.

Solid fuel boilers disappear even not because of the need for frequent maintenance, but because there is nowhere to store firewood and coal in the apartment.
Solarium is VERY loud burner noise and a container with a volume of at least a couple of cubes. And then, imagine the process of filling it out in an apartment building ...
Heating with electricity (more precisely, direct heating with it) is very expensive. All energy-saving technologies (underfloor heating, infrared emitters, and even more so various electric radiators and others like them) can, at best, reduce costs by a couple of tens of percent. Costs will still be 6-8 times higher than gas heating costs.

What remains? Actually, only heat pumps. And only two types - air-air and air-water.

The costs in the budget option are easy to estimate: for example, for a two-room apartment with an area of \u200b\u200b60 squares, two household heat pumps C are enough [email protected] Nordic CH-S09FTXN worth 22,000 rubles each. This particular model was chosen not only for its low price, but also for its excellent energy efficiency in combination with a wide range of operating temperatures for heating (up to -25C).

Let's try to estimate the costs in this case. Do-it-yourself calculation is more than easy:

According to SNiP, one kilowatt of thermal power is required for heating 10 m2.

Please note: new houses are being built with the active use of energy-saving technologies, so in practice this value can be safely divided by two. However, we will proceed from the worst-case scenario.

Thus, for an apartment of 60 m2, 6 kilowatts are required. The rated power of one CH-S09FTXN is 3600 watts; however, inverter control technology allows flexible power regulation without interruptions and subsequent compressor starts.
The C.O.P. parameter, which means the ratio of effective thermal power and electric power, for our air conditioners is 4.2. In order to provide a rated power of 6 KW, they will have to continuously spend 6 / 4.2 \u003d 1.43 kilowatts.

Let's dwell on this value: on the one hand, as practice shows, with a correctly calculated thermal power, the AVERAGE power consumption for the heating season does not exceed half the nominal, on the other hand, the efficiency of heat pumps depends on the outside temperature.

It is clear that at +15 and at -25 per kilowatt-hour of heat taken from the atmospheric air, electricity consumption will be different.

At the current cost of a kilowatt-hour, a day of heating will cost 1.43 kW * 4 r / kW / h * 24 hours \u003d 137 rubles. The month is at 4110.

Is it a lot or a little?

On the one hand, the costs seem to be comparable to the costs of central heating. On the other hand:

In reality, in a house with an insulated facade, the costs will be MUCH less.
The heating season starts when it suits you.
It is worth considering the immediate prospects. It is not difficult to predict the exponential rise in fossil fuel prices in the coming years. But the prices for electricity will grow many times slower: the energy industry of all countries is switching to renewable sources.

Which heating scheme is better to stop at is, of course, only you decide.

How to switch to autonomous heating

Is there an instruction for documenting the transition to autonomous heating for houses with central heating?

Here is a rough procedure.

The owner of the apartment clarifies the technical possibility of disconnecting the apartment from the central heating center. You will have to communicate either with the housing organization, or, which is more reasonable, directly with the heat supplier. The current municipal legislation provides for the theoretical possibility of switching to individual heating.
Technical conditions for the installation of gas equipment are being prepared - calculation of consumption, drawings of gas supply, etc. Of course, if you switch to gas. When using electric heating of any type, your path lies to Energosbyt.
A fire control act is being prepared. In city apartments, walls are usually made of non-combustible material, so there should be no obstacles.
If you plan to use a coaxial duct with an outlet to the facade of the building, you will need permission from the Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.
Next, you need to contact a licensed installation company and prepare a package of documents: certificates for the equipment to be installed, installation instructions, a copy of the installer's license, and a service agreement.
After the complete installation of the gas heating system, you will have to invite a gas service specialist to connect and first start the boiler. In the case of heat pumps, this is clearly not necessary.
It remains to put the boiler for service and inform the gas service about the transition to autonomous heat supply.

However: under certain circumstances, the costs and terms of preparing the documentation may turn out to be such that a reasonable question arises: is it not easier to exchange an apartment for a cottage?

Conclusion

A little more about how you can implement individual heating in an apartment building, you can find out from the video attached to the article.

In new buildings, apartment heating is increasingly used. But many houses are built with centralized heating. In our article, we will figure out which heating is better and more profitable. Let's consider in detail all the features of apartment heating.

If a house under construction cannot be connected to centralized heating, then there is only one option. The developer decides to install an apartment heating. This type of heating system is much simpler. After all, there is no need to coordinate all actions with heat suppliers. The cost of such heating is much less than centralized. You can save on the device of heating equipment and wiring communications. And the calculations of the heating system are much easier to make.

It is also much more profitable for new tenants to use apartment heating. First of all, when moving into a new apartment, you can independently choose a suitable heat source. And you can also independently regulate the temperature regime for a comfortable stay. But many houses are rented out with already installed double-circuit gas boilers. Many people do not like this option, but the equipment is already included in the price of the apartment and will have to be paid for. Some pay twice when buying new heating equipment, while others leave the existing heating device.

Gas boilers are a good option for heating an apartment. After all, gas heating is quite inexpensive.

Advantages and disadvantages

The centralized system for supplying hot water and heat carrier has big disadvantages:

The movement of the heat carrier from the heat source to the consumer takes place over long distances. Therefore, large heat losses occur.
The owner of the apartment cannot save on heating.

In apartment heating, the following advantages can be distinguished:

The heat carrier passes from the heat source to the consumer without heat loss.
There is no need to build heating mains, which are expensive.
Everyone can use the right amount of heat.

Elements of an apartment heating system

The apartment heating system consists of the following elements:

Heating pipeline with heating equipment;
Telpogenerator. He is a source of heat supply;
Hot water pipeline with water fittings.

Let's consider in more detail each element of the apartment heating system.

A separate room must be equipped for the heat generator, which is called the heat generator. It can be for public use or located in an apartment.

Heat generators are boilers that are used to heat an apartment. In the process of combustion of fossil fuel, energy is generated, which heats the coolant.

At the state level, funds are saved for the apartment heating system, which are needed for the repair and construction of heating mains. If there is a heating boiler in the apartment, you can independently regulate the desired temperature regime.

With a centralized system, you have to pay a certain fixed cost. In apartment heating, you yourself can build the desired temperature and, accordingly, save on heating costs. Indeed, in large and small frosts in a centralized system, an apartment is heated in the same way. Although in light frosts, you can reduce the heating temperature.

Centralized heating rises in price every year. And it does not always heat the apartment efficiently in severe frosts. Due to an accident on the heating main, a decrease in the temperature regime may occur. And the heating season is not always turned on early. After all, in September it is already quite cool, but there is still no heating. In apartment heating, you can independently turn on the heating of the apartment at any time convenient for you.

To save on heating it is necessary to set different temperature conditions for different times of the day. To do this, you need to use a programmer. It can be used to set the desired temperature day and night. Thus, you can significantly save on heating costs.

When you are away from home, you can set a lower temperature setting. And for the time when you must return, you can set a higher temperature. Thus, you can save money and at the same time set a comfortable temperature for your arrival.

Household individual heating is a material incentive, as it is aimed at saving heat. In order for the heat not to leave the apartment, you need to insulate the walls and install high-quality windows. Therefore, with apartment heating, first of all, it is necessary to take care of high-quality insulation of the apartment. After all, if there are old windows that let heat through, then you will spend more on heating. That is why such heating is considered a material incentive.

Gas double-circuit boilers are a good solution for apartment heating. After all, such a boiler not only heats the room, but also provides residents with hot water. Developers thus save on equipment installation. Agree, it is beneficial to install one device that performs two functions.

In many areas, hot water is turned off every summer for the duration of repairs. And if you have a double-circuit gas boiler installed, then you will not be left without hot water. This is another advantage.

The presence of central heating in the apartment is, of course, convenient, as the owners "do not have a headache" in this regard. But, unfortunately, it is not always practical, since the temperature in the premises begins to directly depend on the thermal regime set in the general boiler room. In addition, such a system is not immune from emergencies that may arise at any site. her extent, as a result of which the whole house is often disconnected from the heating. Quite a few difficulties arise during the "off-season", when the cold snaps that come early are ahead of planned the beginning of the heating season, or, conversely, the batteries are heated when the weather is too warm outside.

Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous heating in an apartment

Before deciding on such a cardinal replacement, it is necessary to evaluate all the pros and cons of an individual heating system.

So, advantages the presence of an autonomous heating system are as follows:

The possibility of heating an apartment in the off-season, when the central system is not yet turned on or has already been turned off, in accordance with the established regional norms, which are based on the ambient temperature, at these times of the year is very unstable and with large daily fluctuations.
The ability to maintain the required temperature regime in the rooms, which is much more difficult to organize with central heating, since it does not take into account the location of the apartment and the degree of its insulation. Probably, there is no need to explain that apartments located inside the house, and corner ones, moreover, exposed to the prevailing winter winds, still require a differentiated approach to heating. However, to balance consumption costs, payment for warmth charged in the same way, usually based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment.

Autonomous heating is easy to customize the operating modes. For example, there is no point in heating "to the full" if at the moment all tenants are absent. It will only be more logical to maintain the required heating level. But by the time the owners arrive, the automatics will “catch up” the heat so that the rooms have the optimum temperature.

Many modern control systems, in addition, are able to independently respond to changes in weather conditions. They can also be controlled remotely using GSM or IP communication channels.

A decrease in operating costs will also occur due to significantly lower energy consumption, since modern gas or electrical equipment is designed for optimal energy consumption - they have high efficiency rates approaching 100 percent.
When installing, it is quite possible to abandon the central hot water supply system, providing your family with hot water autonomously. This means that an apartment equipped with such a unit will not depend on the summer maintenance of hot water supply, and there will always be hot water in it.

Another category of advantages can be attributed to the fact that central heating has to be paid for in the summer, as it requires constant maintenance. Having installed an autonomous heating option, payments will be made only for a gas (or electric) meter, that is, it will be possible to directly control energy consumption and the cost of heating and hot water supply, analyze and find ways to further save.

However, there are also considerable difficulties in transferring an apartment to individual heating, and they can be attributed to disadvantages its arrangement:

All work must be carried out on a legal basis and in compliance with all the requirements necessary for this process. Unauthorized reconstruction, firstly, will not get rid of utility bills for heating and hot water supply. And secondly, it also threatens with serious administrative punishment in the form of a very rather large fine.
There will be difficulties associated with the preparation of documentation for disconnecting from central communications, project development, as well as obtaining permission to install equipment.
It will be necessary to allocate or equip a room with a proper ventilation system for the installation of the heating unit.
Installation of the system belongs to the work of a rather high category of complexity.
Considerable costs will be required, both during paperwork and on the purchase of everything necessary for arranging autonomous heating and hot water supply. And this is without taking into account the installation work.
All responsibility for carrying out operational and preventive measures, as well as for the safety of the system, rests entirely with the owner of the apartment. It should be borne in mind that all the named processes associated with autonomous heating will be controlled by the relevant specialized organizations, whose representatives the apartment owner will have to provide access to the installed equipment.

A package of necessary documents for "autonomization"

In order to organize autonomous heating in an apartment, you will have to do some redevelopment, and this, as you know, is enough labour intensive... It should be borne in mind that the registration of permitting documents can take from three to five months, and installation work - about a week. In this regard, the preparation process must be started in advance.

Preliminary approvals and obtaining permits

Application-petition for the conversion of housing. The application form is standard and approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Certificate of state registration of the right of ownership of an apartment - this can be a right of inheritance or an agreement on the transfer of housing to ownership. You will need a copy of the document certified by a notary.
Technical passport for the apartment - a photocopy certified by a notary.
Apartment redevelopment project, completed in accordance with the established form.
A certified copy of the document showing all the persons registered in the apartment.
Consent to the reconstruction of the heating system from all residents of the apartment. This document is drawn up on one sheet, where all persons living in the apartment are listed, and then they affix their signatures, confirming their consent.
A document from the organization for the protection of architectural monuments, if the house where the reconstruction is planned belongs to the category of architectural monuments.

According to the rules and regulations of the technical maintenance of housing, which are approved by the Gosstroy of Russia No. 170 of 27. 09.03 g... , the refusal to redevelop or reorganize the living quarters may follow if these actions worsen the living conditions of all or individual residents of the house where the applicant's apartment is located.

The first organization you need to contact is city or district heating networks. It is there that they give permission to disconnect the heating circuit of the apartment from the central heating system. Consent can be issued if the disconnection does not lead to disruption of the engineering equipment of nearby apartments or the entire house as a whole. In principle, there can be no other reasons for refusal.

Then, with the letter of consent received, you must contact the gas service of the district or city to obtain technical specifications for the installation of autonomous heating. This document must be issued within 10 days from the date of the applicant's request.
After receiving the TU, taking all the documentation for the apartment, you can go to the design or energy organization, which is engaged in the preparation of such projects. If the boiler was purchased before the project was drawn up, and it meets all the requirements for installing a multi-storey building in an apartment, then the design organization should be provided with documentation for it. The project will be prepared taking into account the provided technical conditions.

Autonomous heating project

Its exact location can be determined after specialists have studied the apartment plan, which is in the technical passport.

The project includes data on external and internal factors that determine the type of heating:

Climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
Engineering and technical characteristics of the structure.
Available energy sources that the heating system can run on.
Technical characteristics of heated housing - the number of rooms, the presence of loggias, as well as the area and volume of premises.
The financial side of the issue.

Based on these data, not only the place of installation of the heating unit is selected, but also its type and power.

If the customer has not provided his own version of the sketch, then work begins with him.
A heating circuit diagram is being developed, on the basis of which the system will be installed.
Documentation is being prepared for the projected heating system.
An estimate is made.

The project consists of several parts, which present certain data from different sides of the project:

Descriptive part gives information about the content and significance of the project. This section of the document, in turn, is subdivided into several paragraphs, where the following technical data is located:

- the location of the apartment or house, if it is planned to be installed in the private sector;

- the location of living quarters and features of the layout.

Technological calculations - this is the main part of the project, which summarizes the parameters of the volume of the required energy carrier when the unit is operating in different modes, as well as the optimal temperature of the coolant, which provides the necessary heating of the apartment rooms. It is especially important to determine the power of the heating and hot water supply boiler, since on the basis of these calculations, a selection of equipment and accessories for it is made.

In the same part, heat losses during heating of premises are calculated, on the basis of which it will be possible to draw conclusions about the efficiency of the system.

Specification ... This section contains data on the main materials and elements of the heating system, and their main technical characteristics. This part of the project also includes a diagram of a heating system with marked nodes and devices listed in the list.

Graphic image - This is an important section of the project that visually represents how the overall design of the heating system will look like. This part of the project is carried out using special computer programs, most often in a three-dimensional projection.

A copy of the design documents must be submitted to the gas company, which will further service the installed equipment.

Gas boiler for autonomous heating of an apartment

First of all, it is worth referring to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of 16. 04.12 g... , which deals with the connection of heat supply systems. This decree provides a list of heat and power devices that do not meet the established requirements, and therefore are prohibited for installation in apartments in multi-storey buildings. Having studied this document, it will be possible to immediately determine which devices of which designs cannot be installed in an autonomous heating system of an apartment.

So, the list of boilers that can be used in apartments in multi-storey buildings includes units that operate on natural gas and meet the following requirements:

Having a closed (sealed) combustion chamber.
Mandatory availability of automatic shutdown of the fuel supply in the event of a power outage, the flame of the burner goes out, if there are malfunctions in the protection circuit, if there is insufficient pressure inside the system, which may fall below the limit value, when the coolant heats up above the limit temperature, as well as in case of malfunctions in the smoke exhaust system ...
With a permissible temperature of the coolant in the system not higher than 95˚.
The coolant pressure is not more than 1 MPa.

Next, you need to decide on the design of the heating unit, since it can be wall-mounted or floor-standing. For installation in a modern apartment, a wall-mounted version of gas equipment is most often chosen, since such boilers are compact in size and pretty aesthetic design, resembling in appearance. Since the chimney from the heating boiler must go out into the street, it will be convenient to place it on an external wall, with this installation there will be no problems with the location of the pipe in the room. As a rule, there is a window on the outer wall, which will solve problems with the ventilation of the room. Usually, the power of a wall-mounted boiler is sufficient to heat a standard apartment with proper insulation of the walls and the presence of euro windows with double-glazed windows.

Premises in an apartment where a gas boiler can be installed

Separately, a few words must be said about the room for installing a gas boiler, since it will not work out to place it in any room, according to the owners' preference.

The room for placing gas heating equipment must meet certain safety requirements, which include the following:

Do not install gas equipment in a residential area.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe room should be at least 4 square meters.
The entrance door to the room with the installed boiler must be at least 800 mm wide.
The room should be equipped with a window facing the street.
The boiler is wall-mounted or installed on the floor, in the distance, which must be at least 300 mm from other gas equipment, for example, a gas stove.
Indoors, it is necessary to find the possibility of outputting to the street, that is, through the wall. The outlet of the pipe to the general ventilation duct is not allowed.
Some heating units require forced ventilation in the room, that is, you will have to install an exhaust fan on the window. This will be indicated in the technical specifications.
The wall-mounted boiler must be fixed on a wall built of non-combustible material, and for the floor one must make a fire-resistant flooring, for example, lay ceramic floor tiles.

Without meeting these requirements, the commission that signs the acceptance certificate will not give its consent to the commissioning of an autonomous heating system.

In addition, the kitchen must be equipped with a window overlooking the street and a door of the required width. And, in addition, a general ventilation channel is connected to it, which is also necessary for the premises of the apartment "boiler room".

How to approach the choice of a gas heating boiler?

In order for the purchased boiler to fully meet the the parameters of the system being created heating, was reliable and easy to use, it is necessary to be guided by a number of criteria for evaluating such equipment when purchasing. - read in a separate publication of our portal.

Autonomous electric heating

Thanks to modern technology, today you can choose one of two options for electric heating. One assumes the use of a heating unit with a conventional piping for the circulation of the coolant. The second one involves direct heating by separately installed devices or systems - electric convectors, infrared heaters, systems "".

Heating using an electric boiler

Most modern models of electric heating units are equipped with automatic controls. Therefore, the system can be programmed so that the heating of the premises to the required temperature will not occur constantly, but only at the time set by the owners. You can save a lot of money on this feature, for example, using the nightly reduced rate for "charging" heat accumulator.

On sale are wall-mounted electric boilers, which can have a power of 5 ÷ 60 kW, as well as floor-standing options, their power exceeds 60 kW.

It should be borne in mind that household electric boilers are not designed for a large number of radiators, so their installation is optimal for heating small areas, up to 80 - 90 m². In addition to the boiler, floor heating systems can be used, which consume electricity rather economically.

Electrical units operate according to a standard automatic heating system. The heat carrier (water or antifreeze) heats up passing through the boiler and then enters the heating circuit with radiators installed in it. Passing this path, the coolant cools down and returns to the boiler for heating, etc. To make the circulation more intense, and the radiators warm up faster, a circulation pump is installed in the heating circuit.

An electric boiler, unlike gas equipment, can be installed in any utility room where it is convenient to lay the power line, and from where it will be easier to perform the general wiring of the heating circuit pipes. Most often, a kitchen or a bathroom is also chosen for this. But sometimes it is also mounted in the corridor, sinking the wiring of the circuit pipes into the wall surfaces.

What is an electric heating boiler?

The variety of such devices is quite large, moreover, not only in size, power and other operational parameters, but even in the principle of heating. Read more about this in a special article on our portal dedicated to.

Direct heating of premises with electrical appliances

Heating using separate electrical appliances or underfloor heating systems that can be combined or operated separately is called a direct heating system.

When choosing any type of electric heating, for safety reasons, it is necessary to provide grounding, without which permission will not be issued to put the system into operation.

The advantage of electric heating is that it is safer than gas heating. And compared to the central system, it can be easily and very precisely regulated by setting the required temperature.

Features of the arrangement of electric heating are in compliance with some conditions that are not provided for the gas heating option. So, experts recommend:

Carry out for the electric heating system from the distribution the shield is a separate power cable that stabilizes the load on the common household electrical network.
RCD systems are installed today in all apartments in new buildings equipped with autonomous electric heating. If it is not there, then you will have to attend to the acquisition of such a block. It - reliable protection against electric shock in case of its leakage to the device case.
It is highly desirable to install a two-rate meter, which will help save money if the premises are supplied with heat during preferential hours.

Direct heating devices and systems - what to choose?

The variety of such devices is extremely wide. You can learn more about it in a special article on the portal. Another publication will detail the varieties and specific features different systems.

Installation of an autonomous heating system

It makes little sense to dwell on the installation procedure in this publication. The fact is that all the details are set out in a special article on the portal.

The nuances of installing a water heating system

Whether a gas boiler is installed, or an electric one, otherwise the wiring of the pipe circuit, the installation of radiators, additional devices and parts are almost the same. How it is carried out in a house or apartment - the recommended link will lead you to the corresponding detailed instructions.

Another small clarification. It may also happen that, having disconnected the apartment from the heating and hot water supply, you will still have to pay for the common house heating. But these amounts will be very scanty, compared to those that were indicated monthly in the payment order earlier.

And in conclusion - a short video that will also help to weigh all the "pro" and "contra" of the autonomous heating system in the apartment