Beets or, as they are called in the people, Buryak is a valuable and tasty product, in demand by domestic consumers. In this regard, there is nothing surprising in the fact that almost all gardeners prefer to grow this culture in its sites.
Despite the fact that the vegetable is known not to one century, in recent years, due to certain achievements in the field of soil science, agrochemistry and other related crops, its cultivation has undergone certain changes. When it is better to plant beets and what to pay particularly close attention when it is cultivated, we will try to find out.
Beckla goes into the usual diet of many Russians
Before seeking an answer to the question, when it is worth starting to plant beets, a number of other, no less important issues should be solved.
Choosing a place
Sowing beets should begin with choosing the right place, where culture will grow safely and will be able to give a good harvest.
Planting such a culture as a beetular dining room is recommended for sites that do not observe the shortage of sunlight and heat. In this regard, the optimal place for the beds is the southern side of the site, not shaded by trees or shrubs.
Since the beets love water very much, it will be necessary to water it almost every day. In order not to experience difficulties in the process of irrigation, the beet landing should be made not far from the water source.
Place for planting beets must be solar
Often the beets are planted to other cultures: to cucumbers or, for example, beans. In no case should not suck the beet to the place where the cabbage grew before. A bed of beets is recommended to change annually. If the culture is constantly planted on the same site, the land will be exhausted, and the risk of plant infection by diseases and pests will increase significantly.
Preparation of soil
To grow a decent yield beet, rooted roots should be sown in loose neutral soil. Pumping Grokes should be carried out before: under the winter after harvesting. The wren of the land at the peopling should not be broken - more moisture accumulate inside the soil. If the soil is acidic, it is necessary to make it loving. To this end, around the entire area intended for the subsequent cultivation of beets in the open soil, distribute uniformly wood ash or dolomite flour. If the beet landing is produced on a loam, in the process of autumn peroxide, you can add supephosphate.
Important! When preparing the soil to landing beets, in no case is allowed to use fresh manure. It contains a large amount of nitrogen, which is transmitted to the root and accumulates in it in the form of nitrates.
Proper soil preparation will allow you to successfully grow a culture for the next year and get a great harvest.
Preparation Before sowing is done already in the spring, literally a few days before the seed is in the ground. Usually limited to the burst of soil. If desired, it is additionally allowed to cut the grooves.
Preparation of seeds
Sowing beets to open soil in the spring, among other things, implies pre-sowing preparation of the seeds themselves.
Better to buy granulated beet seeds
Currently, you can easily find a seating material that does not require pre-sowing processing in a wide range. We are talking about the so-called, the projected seeds, which have already added growth stimulants and protective equipment. Such seeds are allowed to sow in the soil immediately after purchase.
If you take simple seeds for planting, they will be needed to subjected to some additional procedures.
The easiest performed method of preparing seeds is soaking them in warm water with stimulants for several days. The most important thing – do not forget them thoroughly dry immediately before sowing. Otherwise, they will stick around, and when the seedlings will germinate, they will be needed very strongly.
Landing time
The question is when it is better to plant beets, does not have a definite answer. Even if in the search bar of the browser to gain a request, like "when it is worth putting beets into an open soil seeds or planting beets in spring and sowing, when to sow how to plant right," specific recommendations will not be.
If we speak in general, the culture is allowed to plant in two times: early in spring and almost summer.
Early sowing provides fast shoot. Use with such a landing should be sincere varieties. Early sowing will be not too suitable for regions with cold and wet spring. So, for example, if it is too early to sow beets in the suburbs, it will, firstly, to arrange too early, and secondly, it will be likely to go to the rifle. On such plants root, root, grow very small and unsuitable in food.
Thus, for the middle strip of Russia, the most favorable period, when it is better to sow beets, is May (its end) or even beginning of June.
When planting beets
Important! Many gardeners plant beets simultaneously with potatoes when the soil temperature becomes at least 10 degrees.
The autumn sowing beet is allowed. But in this case, only special cold-resistant varieties should be used, which are not clouded to the color. Autumn landing has its undoubted advantages:
- seeds manage to partially swell in the period of forested thaws;
- for winter, seeds manage to harm;
- we manage to climb earlier;
- form a more powerful and healthy root system.
There is a big minus worth of landing. Rained roots are not suitable for long-term storage.
Some gardeners, hoping the landing time, use the lunar calendar - it allows you to choose the date most favorable for the date.
Methods of sowing
Having understood when planted beets, it's time to learn how to do it right. Sowing coarse is possible by four ways.
Digger
On the site of the landing, rows of depth of three to five centimeters are cut at a distance one from another from 20 to 30 centimeters. The grooves are thoroughly poured with water with a watering agent with which the sprayer is removed in advance. Inkjet watering allows not only to quickly pour land, but also to compact it. The secret is that seeds in this case will be located at one depth and will go at the same time. Seeds with an interval of 3-4 cm.
Sowing line method
On landing tape
Landing tape is the easiest and most convenient way to planting. A special strip (ribbon) for landing in specialized gardeners can be sold with seeds already fixed. But if desired, the landing tape is easy to make yourself. To do this, the lanes of the toilet paper is applied drops of starch based on starch and the beets are attached to them. Such a landing scheme allows you to significantly save time. All that is required for landing is to shed a furrow to water, put the ribbon on it and sprinkle the earth well.
Tape
This method involves combining several rows with an interval between the lines of approximately 15 cm in one wider tape. Between the ribbons, do not forget to leave the gap of about 40 cm to simplify the care of the culture (in particular, watering and weeding).
When planting beets
Sewage
Seeds for seedlings should be driving no later than mid-April. It is recommended to use individual containers or peat pots. The transplant in open ground is produced when several leaves appear at the plant. It is necessary to plant seedlings in such a way that the average gap between plants is about 15 cm.
Sow beets completely easy
Important! A few days before the landing, it is recommended to make seedlings on the street and put in the shadow to harde the young plants.
This method of planting saves seeds due to the absence of the need to thinning crops.
Important! Save the place when landing can be both in other ways. For example, you can plant various vegetables on one bed. Beets are well neighboring the bean, radish and onions.
How to care for landings
Despite the fact that the beet – Not the most arrogant root root, it requires some care. At the same time, a list of manipulations that should be produced with a culture is no different, depending on which landing is carried out in the region: be it Kuban, Moscow region or, for example, the Urals, the actions algorithm for obtaining a good harvest is approximately identical.
Relief
One hodge of culture gives 2-4 sprouts. In this regard, the breakdown turns out to be one of the most significant moments in agrotechnology. In just season, this procedure is produced three times:
- The first time the plants should be switched directly after the appearance of germs. This is usually done when the first leaves appear on the shoot. This time the plants leave quite thickly - about 2 cm from each other. In parallel with this, weeds are removed, and ripening of rivers;
- The following thinning is recommended to produce about a month after the first. The interval between the landings increases to 8 cm, leaving the most strong specimens. At this time, the head of the root plant begins to form, so it will be worthwhile to carry out prevention from diseases. Alternatively, you can use cacilium or any other average toxicity of fungicide;
- The last time the beet is rearranged at the stage of the appearance of root. The distance between the plants should be 15 centimeters.
Watering
Watering for beets is especially important, especially at the initial stage of vegetation. The whole first month after landing the culture must be water, regardless of weather conditions, no less often in the week, and in the future - as the soil is drying. Stop watering must be about a month before harvest. If this is not done, the rootpode will be bad. It will not be unnecessary to make landing mulch. The mulch can be used straw, last year's foliage, peat, etc.
Watering Buryaka
Cleaning
Selective cleaning of beets starts from mid-summer. By this time, individual instances manage to grow to a decent state. Young vegetables are allowed to recycle and eat together with the tops.
Mass cleaning of culture with beds is usually produced in mid-September. It is very important to have a harvest to the first frost. In addition, if the beet is reappearing in the ground, it will load, and pronounced rings will appear in its pulp, which will negatively affect its taste characteristics.
After harvesting, it is time for the time to think that it is planted on a beet bed for next year. To replenish the soil reserves in organic substances, it is preferable to plan those plants that are acceptable by manure fertilizer. We are talking about corn, pumpkin, zucchini. Beets should be returned to the previous place no earlier than three years later.
What to do for good yield
To get a normal harvest, just one full-fledged feeding.
To get a good yield beet, you need to attach a certain amount of effort
But if, despite this, plants are not developing enough, the procedure is recommended to repeat. For this, mineral fertilizers can be used, which include nitrogen.
Important! In order to prevent the plants with nitrates, nitrogen, as well as potassium, can be made by herbal influences. To obtain the latter in the container in equal shares, fresh carved grass poured and poured it with warm water. Insstruct the composition follows during the week. The resulting agents are used in the next watering of the plant.
A certain influence on the quality of the crop has presence in the soil of trace elements. To stimulate the growth of beet head and increasing its sucraper, the fertilizer of Maczbor can be used, which includes calcium, magnesium and boron. If we talk about folk remedies, there is a simple table salt at the best suitable at the tablespoon on the declined bucket.
For excellent yield, beets require not so much effort. The most important thing – to know when and how to put the beet, and accurately fulfill all the recommendations.
It is often not always possible to novice gardens - the seeds are poorly attended or root crops grow small. How to plant beets? What you need to know to land and care for beets did not bring disappointments? After all, this is one of the first vegetable crops on the yield and the presence of properties useful for man. Beets are well stored. Almost all year round can be used in food, it has long been appreciated for dietary, taste, therapeutic and beneficial properties. Becks a real source of health, vitality. Now there are many varieties of beets.
Features of planting beets seeds in open ground
From the root plant plants beet (in the Kuban it is often referred to as the buracter or Buryak) most demanding to the fertility of the soil. The best for her are rich in organic substances are thin, samp, black earth soils, as well as floodplain lands, dried peatlands. On the marshy soils, the cultivation of beets is difficult, a long excess of moisture inhibits plants. On such soils it is necessary to grow it on the ridges.
Preparation of soil
One of the main reasons for low yields is planting beets on poor soils with increased acidity. This culture does not like such soils. At pH \u003d 5.0 and the slightness of the shootings occurs below, growth slows down, the leaves are bludge. At very acidic soils, the root can not develop at all. If wild sorrel, horsetail grows on the site, then this is a clear sign of high soil acidity. In this case, it is necessary to make lime, chalk or ash (200-500 g per square meter).
When to plant beets in spring seeds in open ground
When sow beets? Beet can be sown in several times, until the beginning of June. But the first sowing is in early April. Usually in terms are focused on planting potatoes. As soon as he was planted, you can start sowing beets. When the soil warms up enough, the seeds will come together, less will be subjected to attacks of pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
Very early planting of the bug may die from frost. Temperatures -4-5 ° C are detaching for beet shoots. In addition, many blooming plants may appear with early crops, i.e. Beet will go into color.
During landing, beets are often hot and dry, the upper layer of the soil can strongly disperse. A dense overhentable oily beet breakdown, in which a seed is concluded for swelling requires a lot of moisture. Therefore, it is desirable to rich up all the beds or sowing grooves. If there is no such possibility, then the bottom of the furrow is compacted. After seeding seeds, the soil is sealing, and from above mulch peat or humus. You can cover the bed with observer material - it also holds moisture well.
Treatment of beet seeds before landing
Seeds before sowing to accelerate germination are wrapped 3-4 days in warm water (40 ° C). Water change daily. When the first seedlings appear (no more than 3%), the beet seeds are dried and seeded. Soaking with the subsequent drying ensures the friendly appearance of healthy shoots, since the developing microbes die for drying during drying. You can soak seeds in solutions of trace elements.
The width of the river and the depth of seeding
With good fertilizer and moisture, the maximum beet crop can be obtained with the optimal amount of plants per unit area. This is achieved due to the proper placement of plants in the ranks and multiline sowing, as well as with a decrease in rods. It is convenient for 2-3-line beds with a distance between the lines of 15-20 cm. Between the beds - 40-50 cm. Between plants in a row of 6-8 cm. Excessive buildup of plants, as well as a degree, lead to a crop loss.
On the light soils, the seeds close up to a depth of 3-4 cm, on heavy - 2-3 cm. Sowing preferably to climb or cover the film before shooting appearance, it is especially important to do on heavy soils. Before sowing in the grooves, you can sprinkle superphosphate, which will speed up the development of the root system, will contribute to better rooting of germs.
Split care, breaking
Directly under the beets to introduce fresh manure it is impossible, rootproofs become low quality, poorly stored in winter.
Burak is very sensitive to the lack of light. All weeds as they need to be destroyed. It is also impossible to allow the thickening of shoots, timely take a breakthrough of sowing.
Sleeping shoots The thickening of the carriers of beet is laid in the nature of its seeds. Usually gardeners sow varieties with many seeds (from 3 to 6).
The first thinning is made when the first pair of real leaves appears, leaving the plants by 3-4 cm from each other. Second thinning - 2-3 weeks after the first, plants are located 6-8 cm from each other. When the thinning is delayed for a week, up to 45-50 g per square meter of crop per day.
To save yourself from this work, it is necessary to acquire now one-step and two-free beet seeds, soaring them immediately at the desired distance (taking into account the percentage of germination).
Check-down beets
When the first real leaves appear after thinning, you can give feeding with mineral fertilizers in a liquid or dry state. Approximate doses: 10 liters of water 30 g of ammonia nitrate, 80 g of superphosphate, 35 g of potassium chloride. This volume of the solution is consumed on 15 row row. Superphosphate and potash fertilizers can be replaced with a triple dose of ash.
Possible feeding with a solution of a cowboat or chicken litter. The second feeder is usually spent 3 weeks after the first. The feeders are made only in the first half of summer, later nitrogen feeders contribute to the accumulation of nitrates.
Do you want the beet rose sweet? For promotion sakharana You can feed the beets with a single percent solution of the table salt.
Watering beets
During the period of intensive growth of leaves, rooted dry weather is usually worth it. Watering at this time will significantly increase the harvest. In general, compared to other vegetable crops, the dining room beetted relative to the drought-resistant, so it is necessary to water it moderately. Excess moisture leads to a strong growing of the leaves to the detriment of the root.
At the end of July - early September, some gardeners stop the active care of beets, considering it useless. It is incorrect, as at this time there is a strengthened outflow of nutrients from the leaves in the root plant, its mass is rapidly growing. Therefore, with sufficient humidity, deep loosening is also necessary, especially on heavy soils. A week before harvesting, if it is very hot, it is desirable to pour beets. This increases cell turgors, contributes to the best preservation of fruits in winter.
Clean it for winter storage before other rootepodes (carrots, for example), as it does not withstand autumn frosts.
Useful properties of beets
Since ancient times, beets are used by traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases. It is just a storehouse of vitamins, minerals, it is ideal for various diets, medical as well.
Beetlaf juice is considered one of the best vegetable juices. It contains sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, sulfur, chlorine, iodine, iron, copper, vitamins B1, B2, C and R. This juice is rich in easily digestible carbohydrates, but its calorie content is low. Due to the high content of iron, it restores, activates blood cells, provides a flow of fresh oxygen, helps to normalize the functions of vesicular respiration. Adding a teaspoon of lime juice to a glass of beetroot juice increases its medicinal value.
The most beneficial property of beets is that it contains more than 50% sodium and only 5% calcium. This contributes to the dissolution of oxalic acid salts in the body, which accumulate in the blood vessels. Beetroot juice is an excellent solvent for inorganic calcium sediments. Therefore, this is a useful product for the treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart disease, varicose veins.
It is important to know that pure beetooth juice can lead to a large load on the pancreas and stomach. Therefore, it is recommended to mix beet juice with other juices: carrots, cucumber, etc. Beetacular juice mixed with carrot juice, cucumber, is one of the best cleaners for the kidneys and gallbladder.
Pectin substances that contain beets protect the body from the effects of radioactive, heavy metals, delay the development of harmful bacteria in the intestines, contribute to the removal of excess water and cholesterol.
It has a large amount of betaina - this is a physiologically very important connection for metabolism. Other Specific Beet substance - Betanine - represents a red pigment that restores the respiratory ability of the cell. It is believed that he oppressively acts on the growth of malignant cells. The more intense color of the root of the root of the root, the more it contains vitamin C, betaina and betany.
In the dining room beets contain 8-15 percent of sugar, protein, fiber, mineral substances.
The leaves that contain 2-3 times more protein and mineral salts are 2-3 times than rootfields. Beets are useful in small blood, atherosclerosis, elevated pressure, with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, obesity.
The 100 g of beetroot juice contains 42 kcal, 1.0 g of protein, 0 g of fats, 9.9 g of carbohydrates.
Beetroot contributes to weight loss. There is a special alignment. She lasts two days. These two days can only eat beets - boiled or baked. From liquids these days it is recommended to drink green tea, fresh vegetable juices, mineral water without gas. It should be remembered that beets can be eaten no more than 2 kg per day. Liquids need to drink at least 1.5 liters per day.
Beet can help you reduce blood pressure and associated risks, such as heart attacks, strokes. Daily dose - 250 ml of beet juice. But do not forget that the beet juice is too concentrated, it is better to use it mixed with other juice - carrot, apple, cucumber.
Beet contains folic acid, which is necessary for the normal growth of body tissues. Folic acid is important for the development of a babbit spinal cord in the first three months of pregnancy. It can help prevent the villos of the spine in the fetus, premature birth. Beets also contains iron - this is a stunning tonic for future mothers suffering from fatigue during pregnancy. Future mothers should remember, however, that boiled or baked, it has a lower level of folic acid content than raw. For more information on the importance of folic acid during pregnancy, do not forget to consult your doctor.
Beet contains mineral silica. This helps the body better absorb calcium, which is very important to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
If you put several mayonnaise jars with water on the window in the winter, insert small beetners there (you could throw them out in the fall), you will soon be able to assemble the crop of fresh vitamin leaves for salads and soups.
Variety beet
The most common varieties are:
- Bordeaux 237. - yield medium grade with round oval root roots, beard pulp, high taste qualities;
- One-built (Lot Bordeaux);
- Egyptian flat - yield, more rare than Bordeaux, variety, rooted root-flat, flesh dark red with purple tint;
- Mushroom Flat A-473 - a yield grade, according to morphological features close to Egyptian flat, but earlier;
- Incomparable a-463 - roots flat or rounded-flat, pulp intensively dark red, taste quality high, requires high cultural soils, sharply reduces the crop on the poor;
- Two-session TSHA - New high-yielding grade. Rounded roots, lined in shape, size, dark red, burgundy, gentle, juicy, taste. High, the outlet of the leaves is small. The grade can be grown more thickened than Bordeaux or others - 6 cm in a row between plants. Thinning practically does not require. This beet variety is able to give a high harvest in most regions of the country.
For the centers, it is better to use special varieties - Promotional A-474, cold-resistant 19.
Dining room beet (Buryak) is one of the most popular root crusts grown in household plots. There are two ways to plant beets: seeds and seedlings. There is no fundamental difference between them. The crop mainly depends on the structure and fertility of the soil, and for weather conditions, many beet varieties are quite loyal. If you competently make the ridge, you can get high-quality fruits and in drought, and on a rainy summer.
Soil preparation and beds
When choosing a place for beets, you should pay attention to what cultures were involved in the planned area last season. It is categorically not recommended to plant this root, but after potatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkins and greens grow Buryak will be good. Carrots, peas and onions are neutral predecessors. When growing beets on an industrial scale, it is planted after winter wheat and.
Planting beets is made on a good and long-lit place. Nearby should not be thick bushes, spreading trees, fence, walls. It is desirable to choose a high part of a plot that is not heated with heavy rains.
It is worth considering the basic soil requirements for beets.
- Acidness in the range of 6.2-7.5. If there is a lot of redemption, wild sorrel and cheering, then the soil is acidic. Roots will be small, ugly form. It is necessary to make lime or dolomite flour. When preparing the ridge under the beet, moderate lime is possible and a year of planting.
- Optimal primer - loose, rich in organic (loyaded, samp, chernozem). The cultivation of beets in too clay soil without special preparation and introduction of sand is a waste of time and effort. Fruits will be fibrous, rigid and bitter.
- The depth of the arable layer of the soil - from 25 to 30 cm.
Under favorable conditions, the roots are developing quickly, accelerated sahara accumulation occurs.
Excessive lime content in the soil leads to a decrease in beet ability to absorb micro- and macroelements. It is important to comply with the dosage.
Making fertilizers
Beets demanding on the content of micro and macroelements in the soil. For reference: 1 ton of corruptpalodes removes up to 7 kg of nitrogen from the ground, about 3 kg of phosphorus and up to 9 kg of potassium. While the root system is still weak, the plant does not need phosphorus, then the intensive absorption of other nutrients begins.
Optimally prepare ridge under beets from autumn, putting overwhelmed dung in the soil, compost (order15-20 kg per 1m 2) and phosphorus-potash fertilizers. Inserting into the soil of mineral feeding can be carried out before boarding. Of the complex additives, NPK 13-12-19 or is usually used.
For the centenary sowing beets, the following fertilizer complex is introduced into the soil (1 m 2):
- poland of manure, humus or compost;
- 30 g of potassium chloride (chlorine ions prevent the accumulation of nitrates);
- 30 g of superphosphate.
Beets loved the body, but the introduction of fresh or semi-proverse manure before landing will lead to a deterioration in taste and the commodity type of fruit.
When preparing for planting the soil, it is thoroughly drunk to a depth of about 30 cm, all kids are broken, the surface is aligned and slightly compacted. Many gardeners plant beets for ridges - long high ridges in potato. Thus, the rootpode is better ventilated, gets more sun, is protected from rot and zaksania. This is especially important for heavy soil. If the soil is fertile and loose, then you can plant a carpet.
Dates of landing
Beet seeds can germinate at a temperature of 3-4 ° C, but the process will take about 25 days. At 6-7 ° C, shoots will appear for 10-15 days, and when the temperature stabilizes, up to 11-18 ° C is a period of just a week. It makes no sense to sow beets until the soil at a depth of 6 cm does not warm at least up to 7-8 ° C, since the likelihood of the death of germs from the freezing (-1 ° ° C will not be transferred).
Planting beets in spring in various regions is made in its time:
- North Caucasus - 1 decade of April;
- Central Chernozem region - 3 decada of April;
- north of Central Chernozem, Nechrochnoe, Volga region, Bashkortostan and Altai - 1 decade of May.
Long-term storage beets are sown in the second decade of May, you can plant it up to 10 June. Such varieties are quite enough time to frosts to completely rush, and they are kept much better than early and secondary.
Dates are given in tentatively, for each year they may vary depending on weather conditions.
You can sow beets in a greenhouse or in boxes for about a month and a half before disembarking into open ground. The seal circuit in the substrate: 4 x 4 cm. This method is suitable for regions with unstable weather. The ripening period of rooteploods with a seaside process of cultivation will accelerate for 2-3 weeks.
Spring beets with seeds can be in the fall. For this, there are special varieties, because the usual views will begin to smack and will not give a crop. The autumn sowing beet is beneficial for regions with a cool short summer. Sowing time comes when stable frosts begin, the soil is covered with a crust. In the Urals or Siberia, the Suitable time is November. There are no general recommendations, from what date it is necessary to produce the campling of beets. It is important not to miss the deadline before the earth "grab" (3-4 ° C below zero). For folk observations, the moment of full reset of the leaves of the cherry is considered to be the moment.
It should be noted that the beet of autumn landing is not suitable for long-term storage.
Preparation of seeds
Beet seeds are hoping lumps in which several seeds are assembled (from 2 to 6 pieces). For this reason, many novice gardeners are surprised when with a neat schematic sowing of seeds-cubes from the garden suddenly appear bunch seats.
Syzhable in the spring, beet seeds will faster, if they are pre-prepared. The easiest way is to dug one day in a solution of one of the following funds (on 1 liters of warm water):
- a quarter of a teaspoon of boric acid and the floor of a teaspoon of nitroposki or nitroammofoski;
- 1 teaspoon of superphosphate;
- teaspoon drinking soda;
- tablespoon of wood ash.
A day later, the seeds were washed, wrapped with a damp cloth and kept at room temperature for 3-4 days, without giving a convolution to dry.
With autumn landing, soak seeds do not need.
Technique sowing
Immediately in front of the spring planting beets, the ripples are loose at about 5 cm deep and smolden. It is necessary to sow or plant seedlings either in cloudy weather, or in the evening so that the soil is not told, and the seedlings did not die from the hot sun.
Planting beets to open soil seeds are made according to the following rules:
- rows are made at a distance of at least 30 cm;
- on the loam, the beetroitations are close in the grooves of a depth of 2-3 cm;
- on sandy and squealed soils - 3-4 cm.
In dry weather, the ridge is pre-(per hour or two) spill up with water, the grooves in the rainy is good enough. After 3-4 days, it is recommended to peel the soil with spring or wire robbles. After such a procedure, the beet is bootable.
When shoots appear, they must be careful to proper. This procedure is performed twice: in the phase of two real leaves, leaving the distance between the seedlings of 3-4 cm, then in the phase 3-4 leaves. The average gap between beet sprouts in the end should be 10-20 cm. How much exactly to leave - depends on the variety, usually the step is indicated on the packaging with seeds.
If you leave too large gaps between plants, the roots will grow large, severe heat treatment.
Excess beet sprouts should not be thrown away. If it's good to shed the land before the procedure, and the shoots will approach a special blade (you can handle a spoon), then the roots will not harm. Saplings will quickly come down in another place, and the form of the fetus will not suffer in the future, as it happens with carrots.
Promination of beets are made in dry soil. The seeds are placed in the grooves depth 4 cm and fall asleep with a loose substrate (you can mix the ground with sand). Then the soil is slightly tamped, the garden is mounted and closed with dry leaves or sweets. In the spring of shelter is removed, the soil is spilled by nitrogen fertilizer, and the film is stacked until the first germs appear.
Care
The main care for young beet sprouts is moisturizing and loosening. It is impossible to form a crust on the soil. Swimming is done neatly until the plants can be made by an ordinary old fork. Becks a responsive for this procedure, therefore it is recommended to carry out it up to the closure of the tops.
Subordinate
The first feeding of beets with mineral fertilizers (nitrogen) is carried out after thinning, the second (complex) - after closing the tops.
Nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are the main elements necessary beets. If there are no integrated mineral fertilizers at hand, then ash can be made in the soil, preheated with a compost. Consumption: 3 cups of pure ash on 1m 2.
Nitrogen is better to make several portions and not abuse, since their excess contributes to the accumulation of nitrates in root. Fractional introduction reduces the negative effect by 2 times. The best shape is urea (10 g per 1 m 2).
The second (when the fruit is about walnut) consists of potash-phosphoric fertilizers. Consumption: 8 g of superphosphate, 10 g potassium chloride per 1 m 2. Nitrogen is no longer applied.
If there is not enough boron in the soil, then the beet reacts to the core reacts. Also negatively affects the deficiency of copper and molybdenum, which can be filled with an extraxanle feeder (in phase 10 leaves). For this purpose, liquid microfertilizers are used, which contain boron in organic form and manganese in chelate.
If the beet is developing slowly, rounded yellow spots appear on the tops, then there are signs of a lack of potassium and too acidic soil. In this case, it will help with lime milk. Recipe: 200 g of limestone, 80 g of potassium chloride dilute on 10 liters of water. The solution should be enough for 10 rose meters of landing (along the line).
When redoing the beet tops (sodium deficiency), it is necessary to sprinkle the ridge ashes and heat the salt water (1 glass of salt by 10 liters). Such a procedure will also increase the sugar content of root.
Watering
Beet depends on the weather. In the first one and a half months of the plant development, the land is not allowed. Young beet loves evening sprinkling. After such a procedure, the tops are fresh, it acquires a high tour.
If summer is not too hot, then the cultivation of beets in the open soil will not be a hassle. After closing the tops in the grooves, the moisture will be slower to weathered, and the rootpode is already able to produce food from deeper soil layers.
Watering beets stops about a month before harvesting.
Diseases
Competent agricultural equipment minimizes the likelihood of beet diseases caused by the quality of the soil. Increased acidity is the cause of root defects, as:
- parsh in the form of cracks and outlook on the fruits;
- fomoz (zonal spottedness on the leaves) - the disease can also be due to the lack of boron;
- blackening pulp;
- korneed, "Black leg" (at the stage of a seedling);
- empties in the root.
However, all of the above may also occur due to excess nitrogen or with unbalanced feeding, so you need to make fertilizers correctly.
Fungal diseases may develop: peridosporosis, churrosposition, manifested by a drying of the top. Only the processing of fungicides (XOM, "Fundazol", "Carbendazim", Copper Copper) can help help.
Pest
The cultivation of beets in the country can be unsuccessful years if drinking grow around the garden, and the soil of increased acidity. This is the most comfortable habitat for the beetle larvae-shortcut. It is they can turn any rootpode literally in the sieve.
Reduce the amount of these beet pests can only be regularly applied methods of struggle:
- select yellow worms manually with popops:
- check traps in potato tubers;
- exterminate drinking, make the soil;
- periodically use special needs (for example, provotox granules).
Sheet and root beet floss can also cause damage. It will help to destroy the pest regular spraying with a solution "green soap", pyrethrum.
Beetcloth flew pulled the leaf flesh. In the fight against them ash, tobacco dust, effectively pollination with hexachlororan.
If white winding moves appeared on the leaves of beets, then the larvae of the mining moth lives in them. With a small lesion, the leaves are broken and destroyed. With a mass infection, Fufanon, Bi-58 new preparations are applied.
In most cases, the cultivation of beets on household plots does not cause special hassle. If weeds are small, and the soil treatment in spring and autumn is performed correctly, the risk of pest attack is minimal. Compliance with crop rotation is also an effective measure of protection.
Many gardeners plant on sites and late, and early beets, providing themselves with fresh harvest and reserve of root crops for the winter. This is an unpretentious plant, the seeds of which quickly spares, shoots are patient to adverse weather conditions, and to obtain a good harvest, quite competently prepare a garden.
From this article, you will learn a lot of useful places for planting beets in spring, namely: sowing seeds in the ground, seeding beets from seeds, as in open soil and.
Beets is a root plant growing in the ground having a fleshy root. Sometimes it looks slightly from the soil. For a person, it is most beneficial for a person, as it includes organic acids, especially fiber. Also, the beets are brought into their menu diabetics, hypertensive, people with stones in the kidneys and other deviations. Especially useful is the freshly squeezed beet juice.
Which beetle to choose for landing
The beet grade should be selected, depending on its further use. So, for example, the feed beet is planting for homework, if it is available. The seeds of the feed beet are etched initially, then brought into the soil enriched with fertilizers. It is important to understand that this beet grows large sizes, so it is cleared at a distance of 25 cm from each other, and between the rows up to half a meter.
Table beet is used for eating. All varieties need good lighting. For the standard in the domestic selection among this culture, Bordeaux 237 was accepted among this culture, allowed for cultivation throughout Russia since 1943.
But sugar beets where the rest of the rest is suitable for it, the soil is suitable with the correct structure that is constantly enriched with fertilizers.
Sowing seeds in the ground
Before starting planting seeds in the ground, you need to stimulate their germination, pre-insulating in cold water for 24 hours, or poured with warm water no more than 40 degrees for half an hour. After this procedure, you can go to planting seeds. In the spring, the beet is planting at the end of April - early May.
Seed seed into the soil at a depth of no more than 3 cm, and between rows are withstanding the distance from 8 cm for small fruits; The distance between the rows of up to 35 cm will need large roots. Despite the cold resistance of this culture, the spring sowing should begin not earlier than the air temperature warms up to 8 ºC, and its further development will occur only at a temperature of 15 ºC.
Due to the fact that the beet seeds are connected to the nozzle, several pieces, requires timely thinning. It should be done as soon as the first leaves will grow. After this event, the distance between the seedlings should be approximately equal to the length of the matchbox.
Spent sprouts can be planted in another row. After thinning, they make a weeding and sprinkle with organic fertilizers. The second time, the rows are thinned when the diameter of the fetus reaches up to 2 cm, then the interval is left up to 10 cm from each other. This procedure is better to do after irrigation.
Seeding beets from seeds
An ever can grow almost all beet varieties. For this, the boxes are best suited for seedlings, they can be installed, both at home and in greenhouses.
They have a large content of vitamin C and carotene, many other bioactive substances. Early beets stands in one row with such earliest vegetables as lettuce leaves, for example. To begin with, you need to soak seeds for three days for silent, then placed in the boxes on the prepared wet soil, sprinkle with the ground and kept in the greenhouses.
Seedling germinates three weeks from the moment of sowing in open ground. For a good crop, and the optimal value of beets, it is necessary to plant seedlings at a distance of 5 cm from each other, and the aisle must be up to 27 cm. When the transplant is completed, you can pour a solution of humate.
Caring for the seedle you need to maintain the humidity of the soil and periodically ventilated. For the early period of ripening beets, sit down the sections under the film, usually at the end of April.
1. Before sowing beets in open ground, you need to choose the right area, break the ground.
2. The soil should be warm to 10 ºC.
4. It is good to plant beets to the place where tomatoes have previously grew, cucumbers, all legumes. Do not suitable places where the beet or cabbage grew to it, as they take all the nutrients from the soil.
5. To reduce acidity, you can enrich the soil of wood ash. Preparing and fertilize the site you need from autumn.
6. The magnitude of the final fetus depends on the density of the appeal. For large root roots need space. But it must be borne in mind that too huge fruits are impractical in use, and not so sweet.
Decide the variety you want to plant, do not forget about the importance of correctly prepared soil. Place the beets of both seeds and seedlings, depending on the region of residence, complying with the recommendations for the cultivation. Then the beets will delight you with good, delicious crops.
We offer you to watch a video about how to properly plant beets in the spring:
Dining room beet - an indispensable root root in cooking. But not everyone knows how to put it and care for sowing.
Consider in more detail how to plant beets and care for her.
Varieties and peculiarities
The most popular variety of this root is a dining room beet. It is her who grows each dachnik. It has a red fleshy root root.
In addition to the dining room there are still following types:
- feed beet;
- sugar beet.
These two types of rootepod are cultivated by summer houses, only if there is a need to feed animals. They are not suitable for man.
Cutting beet varieties There is a lot. For our locality it is better to choose the varieties of domestic selection:
- bordeaux 237,
- delicate
- bag.
They best tolerate climatic conditions and have a good yield.
How to prepare the soil before landing coats
Since the beets are a very light-insulated plant, so it is necessary to find a plot out of high plants in a garden. The soil before sowing root is needed a little to ensure a sufficient influx of oxygen.
In addition, mineral fertilizers need to be made. Manure is not very suitable for beets, as nitrates will fall from it in the root. The best option will be the use of such fertilizers as:
- ammonium nitrate;
- potassium chloride;
- superphosphate.
When planning a place for landing beets, you need to consider the seasonal crop rotation. At the same place, beets can be planted more often than after 4 years.
The best predecessor for it can be:
- cucumbers;
- white or cauliflower;
- potato;
- tomatoes.
After these plants there are many minerals that are necessary for the growth of beets.
Preparation of seeds to sowing
Seeds also need to prepare for sowing. To do this, they are soaked in a special solution.
The solution to stimulate growth is prepared from 1 liter of warm water, a temperature of 30 degrees, into which 1 spoon of ash is added, one teaspoon of soda and superphosphate and the fourth part of a teaspoon of boric acid.
Seeds leave in this solution for a day, after which they need to be rinsed in clean water. After washing, the seeds need to be wrapped with a wet cloth and leave in a warm place for 3 days. At the expiration of this time, the seeds are ready for landing.
When planting beets
Beet can land in spring or autumn. In the spring in open ground, you can land seeds only when the earth reaches a temperature of 10 degrees, at a depth of 10 cm. It is usually happening in early May. But experts advise sucking beets in early June, so it will be better stored in winter.
Autumn sowing is carried out in October - November. The main thing is to do it to the first frosts.
Methods of planting root roe
There are 2 ways of sowing beet:
- immediately in open ground;
- growing seedlings.
The first method is the most common. Sighs the beets of rows, at a distance of about 45 cm. The seeding depth is in the range of 2-3 cm. The distance between the seeds should be no more than 13 cm.
It is possible to trim and thicker, but when shoots appear, it will be necessary to break sowing, as several plants grow from one seed. It is necessary to remove weaker of them to give more nutrients and moisture remaining.
Cultivation of seedlings implies a harvest earlier than when extinguishing into the ground. In the greenhouse, seeds are prepared and planted in the same way as during landing in open ground. After the plants reach 5 cm. In the height of them remove the weakest.
When the height of selected plants reaches 8-9 cm. And they have a minimum of 4 sheets - you can transfer to a bed. For this plant, the plants are cut from the ground from the greenhouse and seed at a distance of 17 cm from each other into rows. Between the rows, the distance must be at least 33 cm.
Care of beet and pest protection
The growing plant needs to be careful and fertilizer. Water beets often do not. This can lead to cracking of the root and loss of its color and taste.
During the growth period, beets can also additionally be filled with mineral fertilizers divorced in water.
Beets very like care. It constantly needs to get rid of weeds and protect against pests. Large harm causes her a word. It is possible to fight pests by people. Well helps an infusion of onions and dandelion husks, which in an equal proportion are poured boiling water. The presence is needed to spy the leaves of beets. TLL also does not tolerate wood ash.
Collect beets after the leaves begin to yellow. The main thing is to have time to collect before frosts. From the root grounds before storage, remove the extra earth and cut off the leaves. The best beet is stored in the basement, folded into separate boxes and sprinkled with sawdust.