Good day to all regular Readers of our website and colleagues in the shop! The topic of our article today is the standard colors of the pipeline painting. The purpose of the topic is how to accurately determine the color in which the pipeline of various systems should be painted, depending on the purpose of this pipeline.
In the list of engineering systems of buildings and structures, quite often, there are systems such as a fire water supply, deluge or sprinkler fire extinguishing systems, gas or aerosol fire extinguishing systems. The listed systems include pipelines supplying fire extinguishing agents to the fire site. Piping is often located under the ceiling, often in the overhead space, and it would be impossible to determine which pipe in the mass of the pipeline from which system if the pipes were not marked. These very pipelines should be painted in signal colors, defined by GOST, so that it would be possible to determine in advance which substance is in which pipe - water, gas, compressed air or a pipe - just a dry pipe. Specific normative colors for pipeline painting are provided in GOST 14202-69 “Pipelines of industrial enterprises. Identification coloring, warning signs and marking plates ”. You can download the entire document on our website in the library of the regulator, as usual for free and without any SMS, just by following the link. The document is valid, although it has been enacted since 1971, i.e. even under the Soviet Union, a reference to this GOST exists in the list of normative references in the codes of practice (in particular SP5.13130-2009), and fire inspectors often pay attention to the implementation of this document.
The essence of the GOST requirements is the normative colors of the pipeline painting, warning signs, marking plates of the pipelines. GOST establishes the following ten enlarged groups of substances and color of color, depending on these substances:
- Water - green
- Steam - red
- Air - blue
- yellow
- Combustible gases (including liquefied gases) - yellow
- Acids - orange
- Alkalis - purple
- Flammable liquids - brown
- Non-flammable liquids - brown
- Other substances - grey
In addition to the fact that the normative colors of pipeline painting have been determined, to designate substances in pipelines that are most dangerous in terms of the properties of impact on humans, the application of colored rings of the following list and the following colors to the pipeline is additionally applied:
- Flammability, flammability and explosion hazard - red
- Hazard or harmfulness (toxicity, toxicity, choking potential, burns, radioactivity, high pressure or deep vacuum) - yellow
- Security or neutrality - green
The number of applied rings is limited from one to three, depending on the degree of danger of the substance (the more harmful, the more rings). In addition, in some cases stipulated by GOST, the pipeline is additionally marked with triangular warning signs and marking plates.
There are on sale ready-made linings for the pipeline that are convenient to use for marking purposes in the following form, which does not actually exclude, but complements the standard colors of the pipeline painting:
In addition, paragraph 5 of the given GOST 14202-69 reads literally the following:
5. Fire-fighting pipelines, regardless of their content (water, foam, steam for extinguishing a fire, etc.), sprinkler and deluge systems in the areas of shut-off and control valves and at the points of connection of hoses and other devices for extinguishing the fire should be painted red ( signal).
Pay special attention to the form of the given norm, since many installation companies, without reading the above paragraph carefully, simply paint the entire pipe red, since the pipeline is part of fire protection systems. This is not correct - the color is red only in the places of valves and connections of fire hoses. In other places, the normative colors of the pipeline painting, in accordance with GOST, are given above.
This concludes the article "normative colors of pipeline painting", I will be glad if in this article you have gathered some useful information for yourself. I authorize copying an article for posting on other resources on the Internet only if all the links listed below to our site are preserved, I suggest you familiarize yourself with other articles of our blog by following the links:
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Automatic fire extinguishing systems - overview of options
Arrangement of a fire extinguishing system involves the installation of special equipment. Among the actively used systems, the dry-pipe system is considered the most effective. Its key element is a dry pipe - a pipeline located around the perimeter of the room and filled with a fire extinguishing agent. What is a dry pipe, what are the features of the system and in which areas it is most widespread, we will consider below.
Dry pipe fire extinguishing system
Scope of application
Plants with dry-tube working systems are indispensable at sites where the risk of fires is increased.
They are installed without fail:
- in reactor and cable rooms;
- when installing transformers;
- at wood processing and pulp mills;
- at enterprises producing household chemicals;
- when arranging fire monitors;
- in paint and varnish industries;
- when arranging sports complexes and cultural institutions;
- on staircases of buildings with V degree of fire resistance.
The dry pipe is also an integral element in the arrangement of Finnish baths.
In small rooms, when the temperature rises, flammable gases accumulate. And the combustion process can begin even without oxygen. To prevent a fire and even an explosion that may occur when the door is opened, you must first lower the temperature and only then proceed to the next steps. This task is performed by the dry pipe for the sauna. The system put into operation by spraying water on the walls and ceiling cools the sauna, allowing you to freely enter it and complete the extinguishing.
A well-designed and installed dry pipe can effectively cope with a fire of any complexity.
Advantages of dry pipes
Fighting fires using a dry pipe system is based on a sharp cooling of the combustion zones. The main advantages of the system are:
- Ease of installation and simplicity in operation. Repair of individual units will not disrupt the unit's performance.
- Due to the use of dry pipes, the working part of the system can be installed in unheated rooms and operated at temperatures below 0 ° C.
- Affordable cost, both of the executive units and the main units.
- High efficiency of fire extinguishing, which is achieved due to prompt response to the fire source.
The irrigation zone of a dry pipe system covers the entire area, thereby preventing not only the spread of fire, but combustion products.
Design features
The name of the installation speaks for itself. Its working part is made with pipes not filled with water. According to fire safety requirements, the pipe diameter of the installation for public buildings should be 65 mm, and for high-rise buildings - 80 mm.
The dry pipe is installed around the perimeter of the rooms, placing it above the door and window openings.
The dry pipe fire riser consists of a vertical pipeline equipped with fire dampers located on all floors of the building.
The number of locking devices is determined by the length of the pipeline and the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. The material for the manufacture of pipes for a fire-fighting installation is steel with an internal anti-corrosion coating.
The lower end of the fire fighting pipe is connected through an external valve to a pumped plumbing system or water tank. In the event of a fire, a fire hose is connected through the connecting head at a height of 1.35 m, through which water flows from a hydrant or a fire engine.
Deployment using dry pipes makes it possible to carry out extinguishing in two directions: inside a burning room and protecting adjacent rooms from the spread of fire.
Types of dry pipe plants
The dry-pipe fire extinguishing system is of two types: deluge and sprinkler.
Deluge systems
The system got its name due to the use of drenchers - special spray nozzles located in a network of irrigation pipelines.
Depending on the shape of the spray nozzles, they can be designed for extinguishing with foam or water mist.
Sprinkler heads can have a reflective plane that allows the formation of a stream of fine water. Such a constructive solution allows to reduce the water consumption when extinguishing a fire and to minimize the destructive effect of moisture on the material values \u200b\u200bin the room.
Despite the variety of design options, drenchers are united by the fact that they do not have a thermal lock.
The deluge dry-pipe installation is activated by the built-in fire alarm system that responds to detectors of temperature rise, smoke and fire. After the alarm is triggered, sprayed jets of water, forming water curtains with the use of a fire extinguishing mixture, isolate the burning room, preventing the spread of toxic combustion products.
When arranging a dry pipe, one of three options for an incentive mechanism can be exchanged:
- Electrical - When abnormal, the fire alarm transmits a primary impulse, activating the water supply.
- Rope - is set in motion due to a rope stretched in the zone of probable fire, equipped with fusible locks. In the event of a line break, the electric drive opens the valve for water access.
- Hydraulic - the thermal lock opens under the influence of high temperatures. A drop in the system pressure is a signal for water supply.
Sprinkler devices
The principle of operation of a dry pipe sprinkler system is similar to how deluge installations work.
The only difference between the systems is that in the sprinkler systems there is gas in the stimulating pipeline.
The main advantage of the sprinkler system is that it only supplies water to the area of \u200b\u200bthe fire zone. But in comparison with deluge installations, its response time to fire is slightly longer.
Irrigation nozzles used in the arrangement of a sprinkler system are equipped with fuses that prevent the gas in the pipe cavity from being vented.
The role of the actuator of this type of dry pipe system is performed by a water signal valve. In case of fire, the fusible lock is destroyed under the influence of temperature, and sprinklers located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe fire release the gas. As soon as the pressure in the pipeline reaches a critical value, the valve opens the water supply.
Using a dry pipe, having correctly calculated the fire extinguishing system and correctly installing it, you can ensure a high level of fire protection reliability.
STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR STATE RESERVES
MINISTRY OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION STATE FIRE SERVICE
SET OF RULES
FOR THE DESIGN OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR RESERVOIR PARKS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE RESERVOIR
SP 21-104-98
Moscow 1998
Developed byVNIIPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Submitted and prepared for approval and approval by the State Committee for Reserves of Russia
Introduced since11/13/1998
Introduced for the first time
The set of rules for the design of fire protection systems for tank farms of the State Committee for Reserves of Russia - М :, 1998, 28 pages.
The set of rules contains requirements for the design of fire protection systems for vertical steel ground tanks (RVS) at the facilities of the State Committee for Reserve of Russia and applies to the designed and reconstructed facilities.
These rules do not apply to:
reservoirs with pontoons and floating roofs;
warehouses of liquefied hydrocarbon gases;
underground storage of petroleum products, built by geotechnical and mining methods in rock mass impermeable to these products, and ice-ground storage for petroleum products;
warehouses of synthetic fat substitutes;
underground metal and reinforced concrete tanks.
With the release of this Code of Rules, the "Instructions for the design and operation of an installation of the UPPS type for extinguishing oil products in above-ground tanks" become invalid. M.: TsNIIPO, 1968 - 35 p.
The set of rules is intended for engineers and technicians involved in the design and operation of fire extinguishing installations in the tank farms of the State Committee for Reserves of Russia, and for firemen.
Il. 6, Table 7, Appendix Z.
1. General Provisions
1.1. SP 21-104-98 was developed to develop, supplement and clarify the requirements of SNiP 2.11.03-93 "Warehouses of oil and oil products. Fire safety standards" taking into account the specifics of the operation of tank farms at the facilities of the State Committee for Reserves of Russia.
1.2. In accordance with SNiP 10-01-94 "System of regulatory documents in construction. Basic provisions" SPxxx98 is a departmental document for the design, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of fire extinguishing systems in tank farms at the facilities of the State Committee for Reserve of Russia.
1.3. When designing fire extinguishing systems for newly erected and reconstructed tank farms, the requirements not specified in SP 21-104-98 must be adopted in accordance with other regulatory documents in force in Russia.
1.4. To protect tank farms, fire extinguishing systems should be provided with medium expansion foam supplied to the surface of a combustible liquid, and low expansion foam supplied to the oil product layer or to its surface.
1.5 Design and reconstruction of fire extinguishing systems should be carried out taking into account the requirements of this Code of Rules ... and SNiP 2.11.03-93 "Warehouses of oil and oil products. Fire regulations".
1.6. Tanks with a nominal volume of 5000 m and more should be equipped with stationary foam fire extinguishing systems with non-automatic start (SSPT).
1.7. Tanks with a nominal volume of 5000 m and more, used to provide services to third-party organizations, must be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.11.03-93 "Warehouses of oil and oil products. Fire safety standards".
1.8. For ground tanks with a nominal volume of less than 5000 m 3, it is allowed to provide foam fire extinguishing systems using mobile fire fighting equipment (FFS).
2. Requirements for foam fire extinguishing systems of ground vertical steel tanks
2.1. For vertical steel tanks (RVS) with a fixed roof, stationary fire extinguishing systems (SSPT) and fire extinguishing systems from mobile equipment (FSS) should be used.
2.2. A stationary fire extinguishing system with a non-automatic start (SSPT) consists of a pumping station, reservoirs for water and a foam concentrate, high-pressure foam generators for obtaining low expansion foam, valves with a remote drive, a check valve (when designing a sub-layer system), dosing equipment, pipelines for feeding a foam solution to foam generators, foam lines for introducing foam into the tank and automation equipment.
The SSPT gate valve at the tank wall ("root") must be equipped with a remote drive.
It is allowed to perform a "root" valve with a manual drive in agreement with the territorial divisions of the fire department. In this case, it must be open.
A schematic diagram of the SSPT is shown in Fig. 1 (Appendix 1).
2.3. The STP fire extinguishing system using mobile firefighting equipment for supplying foam to tanks consists of a foam line, withdrawn from the containment and equipped with connecting heads for connecting fire hoses, a check valve (when designing a sublayer system), a high-pressure foam generator, valves. A schematic diagram of the FTS is shown in Fig. 2 (Appendix I).
2.4. Extinguishing tanks designed for storing viscous oil products (oil, fuel oil), with a nominal volume of 3000 m 3 or less, is provided by mobile fire fighting equipment.
2.5. Elements of installations UPPS-23 and UPPS-46, mounted on operated tanks with light oil products with a volume of 5000 m 3 and more, may be used in the design of SSPT with low expansion foam supply under the oil product layer.
The valve opening assembly and the valve itself must be dismantled. A schematic diagram of the supply of foam to a tank equipped with a stationary part of the HIPS is shown in Fig. 3 (Appendix 1).
2.6. The estimated area for extinguishing a fire in ground tanks with a fixed roof is taken equal to the area of \u200b\u200bthe horizontal section of the tank.
2.7. The standard rate of supply of a foaming agent solution when extinguishing oil products with medium or low expansion foam is taken according to table. 1 and Table 2.
Table 1
Standard rates of medium expansion foam for extinguishing fires in tanks
|
Type of oil product |
Standard rate of solution supply foaming agent, l m -2 s -1 |
|
|
Foretol, Universal, Underlayer |
PO-ZAI, TEAS.PO-ZNP, PO-6TS6, PO-6NP |
|
|
Petroleum products with Tdsp 28° From and below |
0,05 |
0,08 |
|
Oil products with TSP over 28° FROM |
0,05 |
0,05 |
table 2
Standard rate of supply of low expansion foam for extinguishing fires of oil products in tanks
|
Type of oil product |
Standard rate of feeding the foaming agent solution, l m -2 s -1. |
|||||
|
Fluorosynthetic foaming agents Foretol, Underlayer Universal |
Fluorosynthetic blowing agents RS-206 Hydral |
Fluoroprotein foaming agents Petrofilm |
||||
|
on surface |
in layer |
to the surface |
Into layer |
to the surface |
in layer |
|
|
1. Gasoline |
0,08 |
0,12 |
0.08 |
0,10 |
0,08 |
0,10 |
|
2 Oil and oil products with a TSP of 28 ° C and below |
0,08 |
0,10 |
0.08 |
0.10 |
0,08 |
0.10 |
|
3 Oil and oil products with a TSP of more than 28 ° С |
0,06 |
0,08 |
0,05 |
0,08 |
0,06 |
0,08 |
2.8. The estimated time for extinguishing oil products in tanks with foam using SSPT and SPT (when feeding foam into the product layer) is 10 minutes.
When using SPT with the supply of foam of medium or low expansion to the surface of a combustible liquid, as well as when supplying foam using monitors or foam lifters, the estimated extinguishing time should be 15 minutes.
2.9. The estimated time of the duration of the cooling of ground tanks (burning and adjacent to it) should be taken;
when extinguishing with SSPT - 4 hours;
when extinguishing with SPT - 6 hours.
2.10. When designing fire extinguishing systems, equipment and devices should be used that are serially produced by the industry or that have passed interdepartmental tests and confirmed by relevant acts.
The use of imported equipment must be confirmed by certificates of conformity and fire safety.
3. Pumping station fire extinguishing
3.1. A fire extinguishing pumping station should be designed common for the entire warehouse of oil products.
The fire extinguishing pumping station includes: pumps for supplying a solution of foam concentrate and water for fire extinguishing, containers with a foam concentrate, dosing devices, starting devices for electric motors, a control panel. The pumps for water supply can be located in other rooms.
3.2. Fire pumping stations should:
provide uninterrupted power supply from two independent sources;
place in a separate building or in an independent separate room, separated from adjacent rooms by blank fireproof walls and a ceiling with a fire resistance limit of at least 1.5 hours with direct access to the outside;
equip with a light board "fire extinguishing station", which is located on the front door.
The operational reliability of the foam extinguishing pumping station can be ensured by technological redundancy (installation of standby fire pumps with an autonomous diesel drive). At the same time, it is recommended to provide a diesel power plant of appropriate capacity to power the automation and signaling devices.
3.4. The start-up of the main water supply pumps and metering pumps for the preparation of the foam concentrate solution should be carried out remotely from the control room of the guard room of the departmental paramilitary security (VVO) and by local switching on (from the pumping building).
3.5. In order to increase the reliability of operation, the pumps, as a rule, should be located under the bay. In the case when the installation of pumps under the bay is impossible or is associated with significant difficulties, it is allowed to use vacuum pumps. In this case, provision should be made for automatic switching on and off of vacuum pumps.
3.6. For dry-pipe systems with electric valves on the discharge pipelines, devices should be provided on the control panel of the pumping room to automatically open these valves after the start of the electric motor of the main or backup pump is completed, as well as their closure when none of the pumps is working.
3.7. Schematic diagrams of equipment for fire pumping stations with the supply of foam concentrate to the pressure head and suction lines of water pumps are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 (Appendix 1).
4. Requirements for dosage and storage of foaming agent
4.1. When designing fire extinguishing systems using low expansion foam, domestic foam concentrates such as "Foretol", "Universal" or foreign ones that have passed certification should be used. According to the conditions of their use and storage, recommendations must be developed, agreed and approved in the prescribed manner.
The main characteristics of some fluorinated blowing agents are given in Appendix 2.
4.2. The storage of fluorinated foaming agents for SSPT (FSP) should be provided in a concentrated form in accordance with the current specifications for foaming agents.
4.3. Water for the preparation of the foaming agent solution should not contain any impurities of oil and oil products.
To obtain a solution from domestic foaming agents, it is prohibited to use water with a hardness of more than 30 mg-eq / l.
4.4. The reserve of the foaming agent and water for the preparation of the foaming agent solution for the SSPT should be taken from the condition of providing a threefold reserve for one fire (counting at the highest consumption per one tank), taking into account the filling of the mortar lines.
The facility must have a 100% reserve of foam concentrate that can be used for mobile fire fighting equipment. Separate storage of the foam concentrate reserve from the main stock is allowed.
Estimated reserves of foaming agent and water for its preparation for SSP are presented in table. 1-3 applications 3.
4.5. Foam tanks for mobile fire fighting vehicles should generally be installed indoors. It is allowed to install these reservoirs outside the premises with car entrances, provided that they maintain temperatures that correspond to the technical storage conditions for foaming agents.
Tanks with foam concentrate should be equipped with devices for refueling fire fighting equipment. Refueling time for fire fighting equipment should not exceed 5 minutes.
4.6. Automatic dosing of the foam concentrate into the pressure or suction line should be carried out with dosing pumps.
4.7. The number and type of dispensing devices should be selected depending on the selected connection scheme, design and their technical characteristics.
4.8. The foam concentrate supply line from the tank to the pipeline should have the smallest possible length and the minimum number of bends.
The piping from the container with the fluorinated foaming agent to the shut-off valve must be made of stainless steel.
For the reliability of the dosing system, technological redundancy is provided (installation of a backup dosing pump).
4.9. The foaming agent is dosed into the mixing chamber installed on the water supply line. The foaming agent must be supplied to the mixing chamber at a pressure exceeding the water pressure by at least 0.05 MPa.
4.10. When protecting tanks that require a different amount of a foaming agent solution, the pressure line of the metering pumps branches out according to the number of different values \u200b\u200bof the required flow rates, and a supply (calibration) washer and a valve with an electric drive are installed on each branch. After the consumable washer, a check valve must be installed (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, Appendix 1).
4.11. The dosing of the foaming agent supplied to the suction line is provided with the help of control valves or consumable washers. The diameters of the holes of the consumable washers are calculated based on the provision of the required concentration at a given flow rate of the foaming agent. The diameters of the holes of the consumable washers are given in Table 4 of Appendix 3.
5. Fire alarm and plant automation
5.1. Tanks with a nominal volume of 5000 m 3 and more should be equipped with a fire alarm.
5.2. Fire alarm control devices are installed in a room with a round-the-clock presence of people (control room of the guard room of the VVO).
In the absence of round-the-clock control over the operation of the fire alarm, it is necessary to provide for the automatic start of the fire extinguishing system.
5.3. When choosing sensors, one should take into account the inadmissibility of their false alarms when exposed to the environment: temperature, humidity, pressure, electromagnetic fields, direct and reflected sunlight, electric lighting, dustiness, chemical exposure.
5.4. Heat detectors should be selected and installed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.04.09-84. It is allowed to use sensors of infrared radiation or light. Installation of sensors should be carried out based on their technical characteristics and design features of the protected object.
5.5. Remote start of the SSPT is carried out by the dispatcher on duty when a signal is received from at least 2 fire alarm sensors installed on the tank on different loops. When a fire signal is received from one or more sensors on the control panel, the corresponding digital indication should light up, indicating the location of the sensor (s), and a sound signal should be given.
5.6. The foam extinguishing control system must be equipped with devices:
remote (from the control room of the guard room of the VVO), and local (from the building of the pumping room) switching on the pumps for supplying the foaming agent solution;
fire pump bay automation;
automatic dosing of the amount of foaming agent;
automatic and remote opening of electrically driven shut-off devices in the system for feeding the foam solution to the protected object and shut-off devices in the water supply system;
automatic light and sound signaling about fire;
alarm of limit levels in a tank with a foaming agent.
5.7. Circuits for controlling pumps and shut-off devices in the SSPT should provide for the possibility of automatic, remote and local control.
5.8. On the control panel of the fire extinguishing pumping station, it should be provided:
control devices for water pumps and metering pumps; switches of control methods for each pump to the following positions: local control from the main water feeder, off, remote control in the main mode, remote control in the standby mode;
shutdown of the pump by the local "Stop" button at any position of the control method switch;
devices for remote switching on of standby pumps;
signal indicators of malfunction of each of the pumps, impermissible lowering of the level in the reservoir with the foam concentrate and in the reservoir of water supply (selectively), impermissible decrease in pressure in the water supply network, the presence of voltage in the control panel, lack of voltage at the inputs of the power supply system.
5.9. The sound signaling circuit should provide for the possibility of canceling the sound signal by the attendant and re-enabling it when another emergency occurs, as well as the possibility of checking it.
5.10. Power supply and automation networks must be carried out in accordance with the current Electrical Installation Code.
6. External networks and structures of SSPT and SPT. Foam generating equipment.
6.1. SSPT pipelines for supplying the foaming agent solution should be provided in the form of dry pipes.
6.2. SSPT pipelines should be designed with underground or external laying.
6.3. In case of underground laying, SSPT dry pipes must be laid at a depth of at least 0.5 m below the depth of soil freezing.
For external laying of dry pipes, measures should be taken to ensure that the foaming agent solution does not freeze in them.
The possibility of using a dry-pipe system should be confirmed by calculations for the frost-free solution of the foaming agent.
6.4. In winter, at low outdoor temperatures, in order to avoid freezing of the solution in the dry pipes at the time of starting the SSPT, it is necessary to ensure their rapid heating above 0 ° С. This can be achieved with various technical solutions:
the use of a "heat tracer" in the head of the water flow (foaming agent solution) when filling dry pipes;
laying with pipelines of fire extinguishing and cooling systems along the entire ring of heat exchangers with hot water or steam;
heating dry pipes SSPT and cooling system using electric tape heaters.
Other technical solutions are also allowed.
6.5. For faster and more complete emptying of pipelines from a solution of foaming agent and water, after triggering or testing, in order to avoid defrosting of the SSPT system on dry pipes, it is necessary to install valves to be able to connect a mobile air compressor supplying heated air.
6.6. The introduction of foam into the layer of flammable liquid should be carried out, as a rule, through the lower belt of the side walls of the tank at a mark above the possible level of produced water. The foam injection units (nozzles) should be evenly spaced around the perimeter of the tank. The foam nozzle, valve and foam lines must rest on the supports without transferring the load to the tank wall.
6.7. It is allowed not to provide additional tie-ins for sublayer extinguishing systems on the operated tanks equipped with UPPS installations (PS-UYUTS-46.02.00), if at least 2 and 3- are already provided for tanks with a nominal volume of 5000 m 3 and 10000 m 3, respectively. x injections of low expansion foam. In this case, on the outside of the tank on the foam line, it is necessary to provide a mounting insert 1.5 - 2.0 meters long (Fig. 3, Appendix 1).
The number of injections of low expansion foam into tanks not equipped with HIPS units should be;
RVS - 5000 m 3 - not less than 2;
RVS - 10,000 m 3 - at least 3,
RVS - 20,000 m 3 - not less than 4;
6.8. The connection of the foam pipelines of the SSPT to the stationary parts of the UPPS installations on the tanks in operation and the installation of equipment should be carried out in strict accordance with the technological regulations during the planned preventive maintenance of the tanks.
6.9. The choice of the diameters of the foam lines should be carried out on the basis of the condition of ensuring sufficient foam pressure at the inlet to the tank, taking into account the pressure losses on the local resistances of the check valve and valves, the change in the flow area and direction of the foam line, linear losses of the foam line during the transportation of foam, the level of oil products in the tank, etc. .d.
6.10. The installation height of the foam generators is determined by the ease of maintenance.
6.11. Foam generators must be protected from sand and precipitation.
6.12. In winter, it is necessary to provide measures to prevent the ingress of bottom water into the foam pipelines of the SSP (SP).
6.13. To reduce the head loss due to local resistances in the foam bed, sharp turns, changes in the profile of pipelines, sharp edges should be avoided. If necessary, the angle of rotation should be smooth and not less than 90 °.
6.14. The head of the foam generators should be taken as a calculation depending on the viscosity of the oil product, the length of the foam line, the level of filling, the pressure conversion factor, taking into account NPB 61-97 “Fire equipment. Foam fire extinguishing installations. Low expansion foam generators for sub-layer extinguishing of tanks. General technical requirements ".
Determination of the estimated costs of extinguishing agents for tanks of the RVS type should be carried out in accordance with Appendix 3.
6.15. The terminal section of the foam pipeline entry unit of the newly designed fire extinguishing system should be made in the form of a T-shaped connection with the same inner diameter (Fig. 1 Appendix 1).
6.16. When supplying foam to the surface of an oil product, it is necessary to ensure the direction of movement of the foam in accordance with option 1 or option 2 (Fig. 6 Appendix 1).
Foam nozzles for feeding into the upper belt of the tank are shown in Fig. 6 (Appendix 1).
6.17. On the mortar pipelines of the SSPT, in front of the foam generators, branches with valves and connecting heads should be provided for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment. In the standby mode of operation, the inputs must be closed with plugs and sealed.
6.18. Flanged joints with non-combustible gaskets should be provided in the foam pipelines of SSPT and SPT located in the embankment.
6.19. The "main" valves of the sub-layer fire extinguishing systems installed at the tank and check valves must have a steel body. According to the degree of tightness, the "main" valves must be of the 1st class.
6.20. At the points of connection of the supply pipelines to the general network, after the shut-off devices, drain valves should be provided to check
tightness of shut-off devices and emptying of supply pipelines in winter.
6.21. Before the "main" valve, it is necessary to provide a drain pipe with a plug for flushing the foam generators and dry pipes with water after the SSPT is triggered.
6.22. Dry pipes must be laid with a slope of at least 0.001 to the drainage device. In case of flat terrain, the slope may be reduced to 0.0005.
6.23. The separating valves on the annular mortar pipeline should be installed in such a way that, when any section is turned off, it remains possible to supply foam to all protected objects through one or two dry pipes (inputs to the protected objects).
6.24. Welding of pipelines, their laying, fastening on supports and pressure testing are carried out in accordance with the normative and technical documentation of design organizations.
When welding the pipelines for supplying the solution to the foam generators GNP and foam pipelines to the tanks, it is necessary to ensure the position of the shut-off and control valves in accordance with the technical requirements of their operation (the non-return valve on the foam pipe must be horizontal, with the lid up).
The corresponding requirements are achieved by the necessary orientation of the flanges before welding them to the pipelines.
6.25. Water storage tanks designed for fire extinguishing and cooling of above-ground tanks can be made of reinforced concrete or metal, both underground and above-ground.
Water storage tanks should be equipped with devices for the intake of water by mobile fire fighting equipment.
6.26. When storing water in above-ground tanks, depending on climatic conditions, it is necessary to provide measures against water freezing.
6.27. The joint storage of drinking water and water for the preparation of a foaming agent solution is prohibited.
6.28. Tanks for water, foam concentrate should be equipped with alarm sensors:
upper level (tank is full);
emergency level (as a result of leaks, the standard volume remained and the reservoir needs to be replenished);
lower level (the tank is empty, the fire pump must be turned off).
7. Fire fighting equipment and fire fighting equipment
7.1. When determining the number of personnel and technical equipment of the departmental fire department at the facility, NPB 201 - 96 "Fire protection of enterprises. General requirements" should be followed. Fire fighting vehicles and equipment must be kept in heated rooms.
7.2. To extinguish fires in tanks at each tank farm, it is advisable to have foam monitors, which ensure the supply of the estimated consumption of foam funds due to the embankment into the tank.
ATTACHMENT 1
Principal technological schemes of fire extinguishing systems and their individual units
Figure: 1. Schematic diagram of a stationary system of sublayer extinguishing of fires of combustible liquids in tanks (SSFT)
1 - dry pipe SSPT; 2, 5 - electric valves; 3 - branching for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment; 4 - high-pressure foam generator with mixer-dispenser and protective casing; 6 - check valve; 7 - embankment; 8 - foam pipe; 9-valve; 10 - foam drain; 11 - supports; 12 - drain pipe.
Fig. 12. Schematic diagram of extinguishing fires from flammable liquids in tanks by a sub-layer method from mobile fire fighting equipment.
1 - branch for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment; 2 - high-pressure foam generator with mixer-dispenser and protective casing; 3, 8 - latches; 4 - check valve; 5 - embankment; 6 - foam pipe; 7 - mounting insert; 9- foam; 10 - supports; 11 - drain pipe.
Figure: 3. Schematic diagram of the supply of foam to the tank equipped with HIPS
1 - dry pipe SSPT; 2 - electric valves; 3 - branching for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment; 4 - high-pressure foam generator with a mixer-dispenser and a protective casing; 5 - check valve; 6 - embankment; 7 - foam pipe; 8 - root valve; 9 - plug.
Figure: 4 Schematic diagram of a fire pumping station with the supply of a foam concentrate (PO) to the pressure line of water pumps.
1 - pump for supplying software; 2 - pump for water supply; 3-safety valve; 4 - capacity for software; 5 - water supply line (from the water feeder); 6 - dosage washers for expensesQ 1 . and Q 2; 7 - adjustable flow valves Q 1 . and Q 2; 8 - check valve;9 - gate valve with electric drive.
Figure: 5. Schematic diagram of a fire pumping station with the supply of foam concentrate (PS) to the suction line of water pumps.
1 - pump for feeding PO; 2 - pump for water supply; 3 - safety valve; 4 - capacity for software; 5 - water supply line (from the water feeder); 6 - dosage washers for expensesQ 1 . and Q 2; 7 - adjustable flow valvesQ 1 . and Q 2; 8 - check valve; 9 - gate valve with electric drive.
a) tanks with a fixed roof
Option 1
b) tanks with a pontoon
Fig 6. Foam nozzles for low expansion foam delivery and the upper belt of the tank.
APPENDIX 2
Technical characteristics of some foaming agents
|
Indicators |
PO-6NP |
PO-ZAI |
PO-ZNP |
TEAS |
PO-6TS |
Foretol |
Universal |
RS-203 RS-206 |
"Petrofilm" |
|
Density at 20 0 С, kg * m -3, not less |
1,01-1,1 10 3 |
1,02-10 3 |
1,1-10 3 |
1,0 10 3 |
1.0-1.2 10 3 |
1.1-10 3 |
1,3-10 3 |
1,03-10 3 |
1,13-10 3 |
|
Kinematic viscosity at 20 0 С, mm -2 * s -1, no more |
52,1 |
||||||||
|
Pour point, ° С, not higher than minus |
|||||||||
|
Storage temperature, ° С |
5 - +40 |
5-+40 |
5 -+40 |
5-+40 |
5-+40 |
2 -+25 |
5-+25 |
15+25 |
15-+25 |
|
Hydrogen exponent, pH |
7,0-10,0 |
8,0-10,0 |
7.5-10,5 |
7,0-9,0 |
7.8-10,0 |
5,5-7,0 |
6.5-9.0 |
||
|
Working solution concentration,% vol |
3 or 6 |
3 or 6 |
|||||||
|
Guaranteed shelf life, at least, years |
more than 10 years |
more than 10 years |
|||||||
|
Biodegradability |
b / m |
b / m |
b / m |
b / m |
b / m |
b / f |
b / f |
b / f |
b / m |
APPENDIX 3
Estimated costs of extinguishing agents in tanks of the RVS type
Table 1
Determination of the estimated consumption of the foaming agent solution, the type and amount of LNG for extinguishing fires in tanks with low expansion foam
|
Tank type |
Fuel mirror area, m2 |
Estimated consumption of PO solution, l (s m2). Type and quantity of GNP, pcs |
||||
|
Intensity of supply of PO solution, l (s m2) |
||||||
|
0,05-0,06 |
0,08 |
0,12 |
||||
|
RVS-1000 |
12 1 GNP-12 |
12 1GNP-12 |
12 1GNP-12 |
24 2GNP-12 |
||
|
RVS-2000 |
12 1GNP-12 |
24 2GNP-12 |
24 2GNP-12 |
24 2GNP-12 |
||
|
RVS-3000 |
24 2GNP-12 |
24 2GNP-12 |
36 ZGNP-12 |
36 ZGNP-12 |
||
|
RVS-5000 |
24 2GNP-12 |
36 2GNP-23 |
36 2GNP-23 |
46 2GNP-23 |
||
|
RVS-5000 |
24 2GNP-12 |
36 2GNP-23 |
46 2GNP-23 |
46 2GNP-23 |
||
|
RVS-10000 |
46 ZGNP-23 |
58 ZGNP-23 |
69 ZGNP-23 |
92 1GNP-46 2GNP-23 |
||
|
RVS-10000 |
58 ZGNP-23 |
92 1 GNP-46 2 GNP-23 |
92 1 GNP-46 2 GNP-23 |
115 2 GNP-46 1 GNP-23 |
||
|
RVS-20000 |
1250 |
92 4GNP-23 |
104 3 GNP-23 1 GNP-46 |
138 2 GNP-46 2 GNP-23 |
150 3 GNP-46 1 GNP-23 |
|
|
RVS-20000 |
1632 |
104 3 GNP-23 1GNP-46 |
138 2 GNP-46 2 GNP-23 |
184 4 GNP-46 |
196 4 GNP-46 1GNP-12 |
|
Note: In the numerator of the fraction, the estimated consumption of the foaming agent solution is given, and in the denominator, the type and amount of GNP at the estimated time of extinguishing the fire.
table 2
Determination of the required consumption, the reserve of the foaming agent and water for the preparation of the solution, depending on the estimated consumption of the solution and the concentration of the foaming agent (3%, 6%)
|
Consumption |
Estimated software costs (Q by). water (Qн 2 о), supply of PO (Wpo) and water supply (Wн 2 о) taking into account the estimated extinguishing time |
|||
|
foam generator- |
Foaming agent concentration in solution,% |
|||
|
tori on |
||||
|
solution, l / s |
||||
|
12,0 |
||||
|
24.0 |
||||
|
36,0 |
||||
SP 10.13130.2009
SET OF RULES
Fire protection systems
INTERNAL FIRE-FIGHTING WATER PIPE
Fire safety requirements
Fire protection system. Fire line inside. Fire safety requirements
OKS 13.220.10
OKVED 7523040
Introduction date 2009-05-01
Foreword
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On technical regulation", and the rules for the application of sets of rules - by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules" of November 19, 2008 . N 858
About the set of rules
1 DEVELOPED by FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"
3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated March 25, 2009 N 180
4 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notification will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". The relevant information, notice and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet
Amendment No. 1, approved and put into effect from 01.02.2011 by Order of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia dated 09.12.2010 No. 641
Change No. 1 made by the manufacturer of the database
1. General Provisions
1. General Provisions
1.1 This set of rules was developed in accordance with Articles,,, and Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations), is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of voluntary standardization application and establishes fire safety requirements for internal fire water supply systems.
In the absence of fire safety requirements for the protected object in the codes of rules or if technical solutions are used to achieve the required level of its fire safety, different from the solutions provided for by the codes of rules, on the basis of the provisions of the Technical Regulations, special technical conditions should be developed that provide for the implementation of a set of measures to ensure the required level of fire safety of the protected object.
(Modified edition, Amendment N 1).
1.2 This set of rules applies to designed and reconstructed internal fire-fighting water supply systems.
1.3 This set of rules does not apply to internal fire-fighting water supply:
buildings and structures designed according to special technical conditions;
enterprises producing or storing explosive and flammable combustible substances;
for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:
- reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);
- decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of combustible gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, hydrides of aluminum, zinc, magnesium);
- interacting with a fire-extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);
- spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).
1.4 This set of rules can be used in the development of special technical conditions for the design and construction of buildings.
2 Normative references
This code of practice uses normative references to the following standards:
GOST 27331-87 Fire fighting equipment. Fire classification
GOST R 51844-2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test methods
Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards, sets of rules and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published under as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information signs published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this set of rules, the replacing (modified) standard should be guided by. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that does not affect this reference.
3 Terms and definitions
In this standard, the following terms apply with appropriate definitions:
3.1 internal fire water supply (ERW): A set of pipelines and technical means that provide water supply to fire hydrants.
3.2 water tank: A water feeder filled with a calculated volume of water under atmospheric pressure, which automatically provides pressure in the ERW pipelines due to the piezometric height of the location above the fire hydrants, as well as the calculated water flow required for the operation of the ERW fire hydrants before the main water feeder (pumping unit) enters the operating mode ...
3.3 height of the compact part of the jet: The nominal height (length) of the water jet flowing out of the hand-held fire nozzle, keeping its compactness.
Note - The height of the compact part of the jet is taken equal to 0.8 times the height of the vertical jet.
3.4 hydropneumatic tank (hydropneumatic tank): A water feeder (sealed vessel), partially filled with the estimated volume of water (by 30-70% of the tank capacity) and under excess pressure of compressed air, which automatically provides pressure in the ERW pipelines, as well as the estimated water consumption required for the work of firefighters taps ERW before entering the operating mode of the main water feeder (pumping unit).
3.5 pumping unit: A pumping unit with accessories (piping elements and a control system), mounted according to a certain scheme, ensuring the operation of the pump.
3.6 lowering: Distribution pipeline ERW, through which water is supplied from top to bottom.
3.7 fire hydrant (PC): A set consisting of a valve installed on an internal fire-fighting water supply system and equipped with a fire connection head, as well as a fire hose with a manual fire nozzle in accordance with GOST R 51844.
3.8 fire cabinet: Type of fire fighting equipment designed to accommodate and ensure the safety of technical equipment used during a fire in accordance with GOST R 51844.
3.9 riser: Distribution pipeline ERW with fire hydrants located on it, through which water is supplied from bottom to top.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Piping and hardware *
______________
* Changed edition, Rev. N 1.
4.1.1 For residential and public buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, the need for an internal fire-fighting water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing should be determined in accordance with Table 1, and for industrial and warehouse buildings - in accordance with Table 2 ...
Table 1 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing
Residential, public and administrative buildings and premises | Number of fire nozzles | Minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, l / s, per jet | |
1 Residential buildings: | |||
with the number of floors from 12 to 16 incl. | |||
with the number of floors of St. 16 to 25 incl. | |||
the same, with the total length of the corridor of St. 10 m | |||
2 Office buildings: | |||
height from 6 to 10 floors incl. and volume up to 25000 m incl. | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
3 Clubs with a stage, theaters, cinemas, assembly and conference halls equipped with cinema equipment | According to * | ||
4 Dormitories and public buildings not specified in position 2: | |||
with the number of floors up to 10 incl. and volume from 5000 to 25000 m incl. | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
with the number of floors of St. 10 and up to 25000 m volume incl. | |||
the same, the volume of St. 25000 m | |||
5 Administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, volume, m: | |||
from 5000 to 25000 m incl. | |||
st. 25000 m | |||
___________
* See section Bibliography. - Note from the manufacturer of the database.
Table 2 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings
Fire resistance of buildings | The number of nozzles and the minimum water consumption, l / s, per 1 fire nozzle, for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings up to 50 m high inclusive. and volume, thousand m |
|||||
from 0.5 to 5 incl. | st. 5 to 50 incl. | st. 50 to 200 incl. | st. 200 to 400 incl. | st. 400 to 800 incl. |
||
Notes:
1 The sign "-" indicates the need to develop special technical conditions to substantiate water consumption.
3 A "*" indicates that no fire tubes are required.
The water consumption for fire extinguishing, depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the shower, should be specified in Table 3. In this case, the simultaneous action of fire hydrants and sprinkler or deluge installations should be taken into account.
Table 3 - Water consumption for fire extinguishing depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the shower
Compact jet height | Fire nozzle flow rate, l / s | Pressure, MPa, at a fire hydrant with sleeves, m | Fire nozzle flow rate, l / s | Pressure, MPa, at a fire hydrant with sleeves, m |
|||||||||||
Diameter of the spray tip of the fire barrel, mm |
|||||||||||||||
Fire hydrant valve DN 50 |
|||||||||||||||
Fire cock valve DN 65 |
|||||||||||||||
(Modified edition, Amendment N 1).
4.1.2 Water consumption and number of jets for internal fire extinguishing in public and industrial buildings (regardless of category) with a height of over 50 m and a volume of up to 50,000 m, 4 jets of 5 l / s each should be taken; with a larger volume of buildings - 8 jets of 5 l / s each.
4.1.3 In industrial and warehouse buildings, for which, in accordance with Table 2, the need for an ERW device is established, the minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, determined according to Table 2, should be increased:
when using frame elements made of unprotected steel structures in buildings of III and IV (C2, C3) degrees of fire resistance, as well as from solid or glued wood (including those subjected to fire retardant treatment) - by 5 l / s;
when used in building envelopes of IV (C2, C3), the degree of fire resistance of heaters made of combustible materials - by 5 l / s for buildings with a volume of up to 10 thousand m subsequent full or incomplete 100 thousand m of volume.
The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to buildings for which, in accordance with Table 2, an internal fire-fighting water supply system is not required to be provided.
4.1.4 In the premises of halls with a mass presence of people in the presence of a combustible finish, the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing should be taken one more than that indicated in Table 1.
4.1.3, 4.1.4 (Modified edition, Rev. N 1).
4.1.5 Internal fire-fighting water supply is not required to provide:
a) in buildings and premises with a volume or height less than those indicated in tables 1 and 2;
b) in buildings of secondary schools, except for boarding schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary cinema equipment, as well as in baths;
c) in the buildings of cinemas with seasonal action for any number of seats;
d) in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, spread of fire;
e) in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of categories G and D, regardless of their volume, and in industrial buildings of III-V degrees of fire resistance with a volume of not more than 5000 m of categories G and D;
f) in production and administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with drinking or industrial water supply systems, for which fire extinguishing from containers (tanks, reservoirs) is provided;
g) in the buildings of warehouses for roughage, pesticides and mineral fertilizers.
Note - It is allowed not to provide an internal fire-fighting water supply in industrial buildings for the processing of agricultural products of category B, I and II degrees of fire resistance, with a volume of up to 5000 m.
4.1.6 For parts of buildings of different number of storeys or premises for various purposes, the need for an internal fire-fighting water supply and water consumption for fire extinguishing should be taken separately for each part of the building in accordance with 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
In this case, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken:
for buildings without fire walls - according to the total volume of the building;
for buildings divided into parts by type I and II fire walls - according to the volume of that part of the building where the highest water consumption is required.
When connecting buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with transitions from non-combustible materials and installing fire doors, the volume of the building is considered for each building separately; in the absence of fire doors - by the total volume of buildings and a more dangerous category.
4.1.7 The hydrostatic pressure in the fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest located sanitary-technical device should not exceed 0.45 MPa.
The hydrostatic pressure in the system of a separate fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest located fire hydrant should not exceed 0.9 MPa.
With the design pressure in the fire-fighting water supply network exceeding 0.45 MPa, it is necessary to provide for the device of a separate fire-fighting water supply network.
Note - When the pressure at the PC is more than 0.4 MPa between the fire valve and the connecting head, it is necessary to provide for the installation of diaphragms and pressure regulators that reduce the excess pressure. It is allowed to install diaphragms with the same hole diameter on 3-4 floors of the building.
(Modified edition, Amendment N 1).
4.1.8 Free pressure at fire hydrants should ensure the receipt of compact fire jets with a height necessary to extinguish a fire at any time of the day in the highest and most remote part of the room. The smallest height and radius of action of the compact part of the fire jet should be taken equal to the height of the room, counting from the floor to the highest point of overlap (covering), but not less, m:
6 - in residential, public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises up to 50 m high;
8 - in residential buildings over 50 m high;
16 - in public, production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with a height of over 50 m.
Notes:
1. The pressure at fire hydrants should be determined taking into account the pressure loss in fire hoses 10, 15 or 20 m long.
2. To obtain fire jets with a water flow rate of up to 4 l / s, fire hydrants with accessories with DN 50 should be used, to obtain fire jets with a higher capacity - from DN 65. For a feasibility study, it is allowed to use fire hydrants with DN 50 with a capacity exceeding 4 l / s.
4.1.9 The location and capacity of the water tanks of the building must ensure that a compact jet with a height of at least 4 m is received at any time of the day on the upper floor or the floor located directly under the tank, and at least 6 m - on the other floors; in this case, the number of jets should be taken: two with a capacity of 2.5 l / s each for 10 minutes with a total estimated number of jets of two or more, one in other cases.
When installing on fire hydrants the position sensors of fire hydrants for automatic start-up of fire pumps, water tanks may not be provided.
4.1.10 The operating time of fire hydrants should be taken as 3 hours. When installing fire hydrants on automatic fire extinguishing systems, their operating time should be taken equal to the operating time of the automatic fire extinguishing systems.
4.1.11 In buildings with a height of 6 floors or more, with a combined system of utility and fire-fighting water supply, fire risers should be looped over the top. At the same time, in order to ensure the change of water in buildings, it is necessary to provide for the ringing of fire risers with one or more water risers with the installation of stop valves.
It is recommended to connect the risers of a separate fire-fighting water supply system with jumpers to other water supply systems, provided that the systems can be connected.
On fire-fighting systems with dry pipes located in unheated buildings, shut-off valves should be located in heated rooms.
4.1.12 When determining the locations and the number of fire risers and fire hydrants in buildings, the following should be considered:
in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of at least three, and in residential buildings - at least two, it is allowed to install paired fire hydrants on risers;
in residential buildings with corridors up to 10 m long, with an estimated number of jets of two, each point of the room can be irrigated with two jets supplied from one fire stand;
in residential buildings with corridors longer than 10 m, as well as in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of 2 or more, each point of the room should be irrigated with two jets - one jet from 2 adjacent risers (different PCs).
Notes:
1. Installation of fire hydrants in technical floors, attics and technical undergrounds should be provided if they contain combustible materials and structures.
2. The number of jets supplied from each riser should be taken no more than two.
(Modified edition, Amendment N 1).
4.1.13 Fire hydrants should be installed in such a way that the branch on which it is located is at a height of (1.35 ± 0.15) m above the floor of the room, and should be placed in fire cabinets with ventilation openings adapted for sealing them. ... Paired PCs can be installed one above the other, while the second PC must be installed at a height of at least 1 m from the floor.
4.1.14 Fire cabinets of industrial, auxiliary and public buildings should provide for the possibility of placing portable fire extinguishers.
4.1.15 The internal networks of the fire-fighting water supply of each zone of the building with a height of 17 floors and more must have 2 branch pipes with connecting heads 80 mm in diameter brought out to the outside for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment with the installation of a check valve and a normal open sealed valve in the building.
4.1.13-4.1.15 (Modified edition, Amendment No. 1).
4.1.16 Internal fire hydrants should be installed mainly at entrances, on heated (with the exception of smoke-free) staircases, in lobbies, corridors, walkways and other most accessible places, while their location should not interfere with the evacuation of people.
4.1.17 In rooms to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations, internal PCs may be placed on a water sprinkler network after control units on pipelines with a diameter of DN-65 and more.
4.1.18 In unheated closed rooms outside the pumping station, ERW pipelines are allowed to be dry-pipe.
4.1.17, 4.1.18 (Introduced additionally, Rev. N 1).
4.2 Pumping systems
4.2.1 In case of constant or periodic lack of pressure in the internal fire-fighting water supply system, it is necessary to provide for the device of fire pumping units.
4.2.2 Fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks for ERW are allowed to be located in the first floors and not lower than the first underground floor of buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance made of non-combustible materials. At the same time, the rooms of fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, separated from other rooms by fire partitions and ceilings with a REI 45 fire resistance limit and have a separate exit to the outside or to the staircase with an exit to the outside. Fire pumping units can be located in the premises of heating points, boilers and boiler rooms.
(Modified edition, Amendment N 1).
4.2.3 The design of fire pumping units and the determination of the number of redundant units should be carried out taking into account the parallel or sequential operation of fire pumps in each stage.
4.2.4 On the pressure line of each fire pump, a check valve, a valve and a pressure gauge should be provided, and on the suction line, the installation of a valve and a pressure gauge.
When the fire pump is operating without backpressure on the suction line, it is not required to install a valve on it.
4.2.5 In fire pumping installations it is allowed not to provide vibration-insulating bases and vibration-insulating inserts.
4.2.6 Fire pumping units with hydropneumatic tanks should be designed with variable pressure. The replenishment of the air supply in the tank should be carried out, as a rule, by compressors with automatic or manual start.
4.2.7 Pumping installations for fire-fighting purposes should be designed with manual or remote control, and for buildings over 50 m in height, houses of culture, conference rooms, assembly halls and for buildings equipped with sprinkler and deluge installations, with manual, automatic and remote control. management.
Notes:
1. The signal of automatic or remote start must be sent to the fire pumping units after the automatic check of the water pressure in the system. With sufficient pressure in the system, the start of the fire pump should be automatically canceled until the pressure drops, which requires the fire pump unit to be turned on.
2. It is allowed to use utility pumps for fire extinguishing provided that the calculated flow rate is supplied and the water pressure is automatically checked. In this case, household pumps must meet the requirements for fire pumps. When the pressure drops below the permissible level, the fire pump should automatically turn on.
3. Simultaneously with the signal of automatic or remote start of fire pumps or opening of a fire hydrant valve, a signal must be received to open an electrified valve on the bypass line of the water meter at the water supply inlet.
4.2.8 When starting fire pumping units remotely, start buttons should be installed in fire cabinets or near them. With automatic start-up of fire pumps ERW, installation of start buttons in the cabinets at the PC is not required. With automatic and remote switching on of fire pumps, it is necessary to simultaneously send a signal (light and sound) to the fire post room or another room with a round-the-clock presence of service personnel.
(Modified edition, Amendment N 1).
4.2.9 For automatic control of a fire pumping unit, the following shall be provided:
- automatic start and stop of the main fire pumps depending on the required pressure in the system;
- automatic activation of the backup pump in case of emergency shutdown of the main fire pump;
- simultaneous signaling (light and sound) about emergency shutdown of the main fire pump to the fire post or another room with round-the-clock presence of service personnel.
4.2.10 For pumping units supplying water for fire-fighting needs, it is necessary to take the following category of power supply reliability according to:
I - when the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing is more than 2.5 l / s, as well as for fire pumping units, the interruption of which is not allowed;
II - with a water flow rate for internal fire extinguishing 2.5 l / s; for residential buildings with a height of 10-16 floors with a total water consumption of 5 l / s, as well as for fire pumping units that allow a short break in operation for the time required to manually turn on the backup power.
Notes:
1. If it is impossible, due to local conditions, to power the fire pumping installations of category I from two independent power supply sources, it is allowed to supply them from one source, provided they are connected to different 0.4 kV lines and to different transformers of a two-transformer substation or transformers of two nearest single-transformer substations ( with ATS device).
2. If it is impossible to ensure the necessary reliability of power supply to fire pumping units, it is allowed to install standby pumps driven by internal combustion engines. Moreover, it is not allowed to place them in basements.
4.2.11 When taking water from the reservoir, it is necessary to provide for the installation of fire pumps "under the bay". In the case of placing fire pumps above the water level in the tank, devices for priming the pumps should be provided or self-priming pumps should be installed.
4.2.12 When taking water from tanks by fire pumps, at least two suction lines should be provided. The calculation of each of them should be made for the passage of the estimated water consumption, including fire-fighting.
4.2.13 Pipelines in fire pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside fire pumping stations, should be designed from steel pipes welded using flange connections for connection to fire pumps and fittings. In buried and semi-buried fire pumping stations, measures should be taken to collect and remove accidental water runoff.
If it is necessary to install a drainage pump, its performance should be determined from the condition of preventing the water level in the engine room from rising above the lower mark of the electric drive of the fire pump.
Bibliography
SNiP 2.08.02-89 * SNiP 31-06-2009 and SNiP 31-05-2003. - Note from the manufacturer of the database. official publication Document revision taking into account |
If necessary, plates and signs can also be made of plastic of any thickness from 1 to 5 mm.
Light fastness and moisture fastness
Lightfastness of paint is at least 5 years depending on the intensity of solar radiation, the moisture resistance of paint and material, it is allowed to operate the plates in the open air without additional protective equipment. For details on the material and method of printing, see the section PRINT TECHNOLOGY
Safety
The material is fireproof (refers to self-extinguishing materials). Material and paints certified for indoor use.
ATTACHMENT
Double sided tape
Due to its low weight, the material is firmly held on a flat surface using double-sided tape. There are different types of tape for different surfaces. If necessary, you can purchase the required amount of adhesive tape together with the order or separately. We can send a description of the tape to your email.
Self-tapping screws
When fastened with self-tapping screws, the material does not crack, and there is no need for pre-drilling the holes to attach the plate.
Universal Polymer Waterproof PVC Adhesive
The adhesive is suitable for quickly gluing PVC and foam to any surface.
You can buy TAIFUN glue in the section "Related products". Click.