SNiP III-G.11-62
BUILDING REGULATIONS
HEATING FURNACES, SMOKE AND VENTILATION CHANNELS OF RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. RULES OF PRODUCTION AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS
Part III, section D
Chapter 11
Introduction date 1963-04-01
INTRODUCED by the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR
APPROVED by the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction on December 14, 1962
INSTEAD OF CHAPTER III-B.3 SNiP 1955 edition
Chapter SNiP III-G.11-62 "Heating stoves, smoke and ventilation ducts of residential and public buildings. Rules for the production and acceptance of work" was developed by the Research Institute for the Construction of the USSR ASiA in Rostov-on-Don.
With the introduction of chapter SNiP III-G.11-62 "Heating stoves, smoke and ventilation ducts of residential and public buildings. Rules for the production and acceptance of work" become invalid from April 1, 1963: § 4 "Furnace work" of chapter III- B.3 "Stone and furnace work" SNiP edition of 1955; § 3 "Kiln works" "Technical conditions for the production and acceptance of stone and furnace works" (SN 46-59); GOST 4058-48 "Stove heating. Fire prevention".
1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1.1. The rules of this chapter apply to the production and acceptance of work on the installation of furnaces with fire furnaces: heating, heating and cooking, cooking stoves, etc., as well as smoke and ventilation ducts in the construction of residential and public buildings.
Notes:
1. Factory production of furnaces, blocks and metal parts for them and for chimneys is not considered in this chapter.
2. The rules regarding the use of gas fuel in stoves, cookers and other household appliances are given in chapter SNiP III-G.2-62 "Gas supply. Internal devices. Rules for the production and acceptance of work."
1.2. The placement of stoves, stoves, chimneys and similar devices in the building plan should be carried out in accordance with the architectural and construction project, and their laying should be carried out according to the standard or working drawings that are part of the project.
It is not allowed to build stoves, stoves, etc. without corresponding drawings.
During the production of furnace works, no deviations from fire safety requirements are allowed.
1.3. The laying of stoves should be carried out by stove workers who have a certificate issued by the departmental qualification commission for the right to carry out stove work.
1.4. Furnace work should be carried out according to the work production project using advanced labor methods, rational tools, inventory and fixtures.
2. BUILDING MATERIALS FOR FURNACE WORKS
2.1. Materials for furnace work must meet the requirements of current GOSTs and project instructions.
2.2. For laying foundations for furnaces and chimneys, the same materials are used as for the foundations of buildings.
2.3. For stoves, stoves, chimneys, channels made of brick, the following materials should be used:
a) for the main masonry of furnaces, chimneys and smoke channels in the walls, including from gas appliances - ordinary clay brick (solid);
b) for lining - refractory and refractory bricks;
c) for facing - tiles, roofing and rolling steel, asbestos plywood;
d) for cutting fire-retardant insulation and cladding - ordinary clay brick (solid), asbestos cardboard, asbestos-cement heat-insulating boards, synthetic-based inorganic mineral wool products (mats, semi-rigid boards), construction felt soaked in clay mortar.
Note. The use of mineral wool products on a bitumen bond for fire-retardant insulation is not allowed.
2.4. In the production of furnace work, the following solutions should be used:
a) for laying stoves and kitchen stoves from ordinary bricks - clay-sand;
b) for laying of refractory bricks - refractory clay with sand;
c) for laying of refractory bricks - refractory clay with fireclay powder;
d) for laying chimneys, ventilation and smoke ducts in the walls of buildings - lime-sand or lime-cement;
e) for laying chimneys above the attic floor - lime-cement, and above the roof - cement.
2.5. The composition of the clay-sand mortar is assigned depending on the fat content of the clay in proportions that ensure the drying of the solution without a noticeable change in volume and without cracking.
The preparation of a clay-sand solution should be carried out in advance, at least a day before the start of work.
2.6. The following special requirements are imposed on materials for furnace work:
a) the brick must have the correct shape, the same dimensions, do not contain foreign inclusions, make a clear sound when tapped, and be strong enough;
b) clay for laying ordinary bricks should be plastic, mostly red, not contaminated with random impurities; before use in the solution, the clay must be soaked and rubbed through a mesh with holes of 3-4 mm;
c) sand for solutions should be used mainly mountain, without impurities and plant residues, fine-grained, sifted through a sieve with cells of 1-1.5 mm;
d) for the preparation of solutions, clean water should be taken; in the case of using sea water, the norms of cement in solutions should be increased by 10-15%.
3. PRODUCTION OF FURNACE WORKS
3.1. Mass production of industrial-type stoves and cookers, as well as blocks, frames and other elements for them, as a rule, should be carried out at factories using a special technology with selective testing of products in terms of their strength and heat resistance.
In the case of the production of the same products in the conditions of a construction site, special attention should be paid to the choice of the composition of concrete and other means that ensure the heat resistance of the blocks.
3.2. Upon receipt from the manufacturer of furnaces and furnace blocks, each set and the accuracy of the dimensions of the individual blocks should be checked before installation and assembly.
All stove appliances - doors, valves, etc. - must be in good condition and firmly fixed.
3.3. Prefabricated stoves and ranges must be assembled and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
When the weight of individual furnace blocks is more than 50 kg, the assembly of furnaces should be carried out using the simplest mechanisms.
Clay mortar should be used for laying blocks, brick liners and lining.
3.4. Furnace work should be carried out only if there is a permanent roof or temporary shelter over the place where the furnaces are laid.
3.5. The procurement and delivery to the site of materials and products for the production of furnace works (furnace blocks, bricks, clay, sand, metal parts, furnace appliances, etc.) should be carried out in advance and in quantities that ensure the uninterrupted operation of these works.
3.6. Materials intended for laying stoves must be reliably protected from atmospheric precipitation, and in winter conditions, immediately before use, heated to a temperature of at least +5 ° C.
3.7. Furnace works should be started with the appropriate technical documentation:
a) building plans with binding of furnaces, chimneys and foundations for them;
b) typical or working drawings of furnaces with orders.
3.8. The laying of foundations for furnaces and chimneys must be carried out in accordance with the rules given in chapter SNiP III-B.4-62 "Stone structures. Rules for the production and acceptance of work." It is recommended to use concrete blocks for foundations.
Between the foundations for furnaces and pipes and the foundations of the walls of the building, gaps should be left with their filling with sand.
3.9. The laying of the foundation for the furnace and the pipe is not brought to the level of the clean floor by 15 cm. On top of this laying, a lining is made of two rows of bricks with a layer of waterproofing between them (2 layers of roofing felt or roofing material).
3.10. Ordinary clay brick must be wetted with water before laying it.
Refractory and refractory bricks and ceramic products need only be rinsed with water.
3.11. The laying of stoves, stoves and chimneys should be carried out in compliance with the horizontal rows, plumbness, regularity of external surfaces and angles, as well as the proper shape and size of internal channels, guided by the orders given in the drawings.
3.12. Each row of masonry must be laid out with a bandage of seams in brick. In rows where the use of a three-quarter brick is necessary to ensure dressing, dressing in brick is allowed. Bandaging of the seams of the main masonry with a lining of refractory or refractory bricks is not allowed.
3.13. The thickness of the joints of the kiln masonry, made of ordinary clay bricks, should be no more than 5 mm, and of refractory and refractory bricks - 3 mm.
The thickness of the seams of laying pipes, performed on lime or complex mortar, is allowed 10 mm.
Horizontal and vertical joints must be filled with mortar to the full thickness of the wall.
3.14. The stove may be supported directly on the ceiling if it is specially designed for the static load from it and the fire safety requirements of section 5 of these standards are met.
3.15. As the masonry is erected, the inner surfaces of the furnaces and channels must be swept with a wet cloth without the use of mortar.
3.16. Small holes in the walls of the furnaces should be covered with bricks or masonry "in the castle", and larger ones should be covered with arches. The use of steel jumpers to cover the openings is not allowed.
Small spaces in the furnaces are covered with bricks, and large ones with vaults.
The laying of the vaults should be performed with the dressing of the rows so that through vertical seams are not obtained.
3.17. Fastening the frames of furnace and other doors in brickwork is carried out with the help of paws made of steel tape. The paws riveted to the doors are laid and fixed in the seams of the masonry. The installation of the doors in place is carried out simultaneously with the laying of the furnace; at the same time, asbestos is laid along the perimeter of the frame.
3.18. The grates are located in the firebox below the furnace opening by 7-14 cm and are laid in place leaving 5 mm wide gaps around the perimeter filled with sand. The slots in the grate should be directed along the firebox.
3.19. Smoke valves or views are installed in the furnace or in the smoke channel according to the drawing.
If coal or gas is used as fuel for the stove, then a 20 mm hole must be drilled in the valve or view.
3.20. As the furnace is erected, an intermediate check should be made of the correct laying of the firebox, gas ducts, the strength of the fixtures, etc.
For hidden work, an act must be drawn up signed by the manufacturer of the work and the stove maker.
3.21. The lining of stoves and kitchen stoves is determined by the project.
In the exterior design and finishing of ovens and stoves, it is necessary to ensure that all external surfaces look smooth and can be kept clean.
3.22. Facing with tiles is carried out simultaneously with the implementation of brickwork, with the fastening of the tiles between themselves and with the masonry using staples, pins and wire.
Tiling with tiles can be done in two ways: "in a straight thread", when the vertical seams coincide and serve as a continuation of one another, or by dressing on a tile in each row.
Tiles are pre-selected dry on the floor in size and shade, and then they are hemmed and lapped.
Vertical seams between tiles should be carried out tightly, and horizontal ones should be 1.5 mm thick and filled with gypsum mortar.
When installing tiles, it is necessary to strictly observe the horizontal rows and the verticality of planes and corners.
3.23. Cladding of stoves and kitchen stoves in metal frames can be done with asbestos plywood or glazed tiles.
Sheets of asbestos plywood are laid between the racks and frame ties and are pressed from the inside with brickwork.
When tiling, gluing them on the finished surfaces of the furnace is carried out using one of the following solutions:
a) water glass, b) water glass with cement, c) water glass with finely ground quartz sand and 2% sodium silicofluoride.
3.24. Plastering of brick ovens and pipes, depending on the required quality of finish, purpose and humidity of the room, is made with solutions: a) clay-sand, b) lime-clay-sand, c) lime-alabaster-sand and d) cement-clay-sand . The thickness of the plaster coating should not exceed 10 mm.
Notes:
1. Cement-clay-sand mortar is used in rooms with high humidity.
2. To give the plaster greater strength, asbestos fiber (0.1-0.2 parts by volume) is added to the solution. The plastering of the walls of the furnaces should be done after they have dried.
3.25. The simplest finishing of the outer surfaces of the furnaces is carried out by mopping the walls and grouting them with dry bricks or grouting the masonry joints.
The stoves are painted with water or casein paints, as well as with lime.
Furnaces and metal cases are painted with oven varnish or heat-resistant paints.
The surfaces of chimneys in attic spaces must be wiped with mortar and whitewashed, and above the roof - finished according to the instructions in the project.
3.26. When installing stoves and other hearths, the following work must be performed:
a) along the perimeter of the top of the apartment-type slab, a frame made of angle steel is laid, and for slabs with a busy operating mode (for example, in dining rooms), they are additionally reinforced in the corners with racks and are provided with a safety handrail on top;
b) the upper surface of the oven is protected from excessive heating by a layer of clay with crushed stone or bream;
c) the installation of a combined cooker with an apartment heating boiler must be carried out only according to a special drawing of the heating project.
3.27. Drying of furnaces is carried out by heating them with gradually increasing portions of fuel (dry shavings, chips, firewood), starting from a bookmark of 20-30% of the usual rate. The drying time is set depending on the size of the oven and the degree of humidity of the masonry. Drying can be considered complete if damp spots no longer appear on the surface of the furnace, and traces of condensate no longer appear on the valve or view.
During the drying of the furnace, the valve, the furnace and blower doors, as well as the window in the window, must remain open around the clock. The temperature of the outer surfaces of the furnace during drying should not exceed 50-60 °C.
3.28. When performing furnace work in winter conditions, the following rules must be observed:
a) the laying of foundations for furnaces should be carried out in heated rooms or by freezing; in the latter case - with the obligatory thawing and hardening of the solution before the start of laying furnaces;
b) it is allowed to lay stoves in portable heated greenhouses;
in both cases, the temperature of the room during laying and until the oven is completely dry must not be lower than +5 °C. The laying of stoves and stoves on consoles embedded in the walls of a building constructed by freezing can be allowed not earlier than the complete hardening of the thawed brickwork mortar;
c) the laying of furnaces according to the method of freezing is not allowed;
d) the brick used for laying stoves in greenhouses must be warmed up, sand and clay must be thawed, and water must be heated to + 12-15 ° С;
e) root pipes and channels are allowed to be laid according to the freezing method in compliance with general construction rules;
f) Stoves stacked in heated rooms must be dried before being exposed to freezing temperatures.
4. SMOKE AND VENTILATION DUCTS
4.1. Each oven and cooker must have a separate flue in a root or extension pipe or in a stone wall with a direct outlet above the roof.
In exceptional cases, it is allowed to connect two hearths located on the same floor and in the same apartment to one smoke channel, and the inputs to the channel must be at a distance of at least 0.75 m from each other along the height of the channel. When the inputs are located at the same level, the smoke channel is cut by a brick partition into two channels to a height of at least 0.75 m from the level of the inputs.
4.2. To remove combustion products from gas appliances (water heaters, etc.), it is necessary to arrange separate smoke channels with dense walls. Do the cross section of the smoke channels according to the project.
4.3. Smoke and ventilation ducts in brickwork must be carried out strictly vertically with partitions between them not less than a brick with full filling of the joints with mortar.
If necessary, it is allowed to make a channel in the wall at an angle of up to 30 ° to the vertical with a distance of no more than 1 m. Its normal section must be maintained throughout the inclined section.
4.4. The installation of smoke and ventilation ducts in the outer walls of the building is not allowed. In exceptional cases, such placement of smoke channels is allowed provided that they are insulated from the outside of the wall by thickening the masonry or in another way provided for in the project.
4.5. If the walls of the building are made of slag concrete stones, slotted or silicate bricks, the laying of wall sections with smoke channels should be made of ordinary solid clay bricks, or the channels can be made of ceramic pipes or special heat-resistant blocks.
4.6. The height of the chimneys above the roof of the building is set by the project, depending on their horizontal distance from the ridge. In all cases, this height must be at least 0.5 m from the roof, and the total height of the smoke channel from the level of the grate must be at least 5 m.
Note. In the absence of instructions in the project, the height of the pipe should be:
a) at least 0.5 m above the ridge, if the pipe is located at a distance of up to 1.5 m from the ridge;
b) not lower than the level of the ridge, if the pipe is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 m from the ridge;
c) not lower than a line drawn from the ridge down at an angle of 10 ° to the horizon, if the pipe is located further than 3 m from the ridge.
4.7. The upper parts of chimneys and brick walls with channels must be protected from the effects of atmospheric precipitation by plastering them with cement mortar. Do not block chimneys and channels in the walls with metal umbrellas.
4.8. The conclusion above the roof of the ventilation ducts located next to the smoke ducts should be done at the same general level.
4.9. In the gas ducts of furnaces and smoke channels, in places of possible accumulation of soot and ash entrainment (with the exception of attic spaces), cleaning holes should be arranged, closed with doors with bricks on the edge with clay mortar.
5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
5.1. In places where combustible parts of the building (ceilings, beams, etc.) are adjacent to smoke channels, it is necessary to arrange cuttings, i.e. thickenings in the brickwork of pipes and walls with smoke channels. Cutting should also be arranged in places where combustible structures approach the ventilation ducts, if the ventilation ducts are located next to the smoke ducts.
5.2. Cutting at chimneys and walls with smoke channels in ceilings must be at least those indicated in Table 1.
Table 1
Name of furnace devices | Distances in cm from the inner surface of the smoke channel to the combustible structure (cutting) |
||
design is not fireproof | design is fire resistant |
||
Heating furnaces of periodic action with the duration of the furnace: | |||
a) up to 3 hours | |||
b) more than 3 hours | |||
Gas-fired ovens with a gas flow rate of more than 2 m3/h | |||
Solid fuel stoves | |||
Gas water heaters of apartment type | |||
Cooking stoves in catering establishments and in hostels | |||
Combined cooking ranges with built-in pots and single boilers for residential heating | |||
Notes: |
|||
5.3. When arranging cuttings in the ceiling, an independent settlement of furnaces and pipes should be ensured. Therefore, it is impossible to allow the cuttings to be supported on the structural elements of the floor. The height of the cutting should be greater than the thickness of the ceiling by the value of the possible settlement of the building and 7 cm above the layer of combustible backfill. Horizontal cutting in the plane of the floors is carried out simultaneously with the main masonry.
5.4. The gaps between the overlap and the cutting are filled with clay mortar with an admixture of asbestos fines.
5.5. Ceiling filing and floor should only be brought to cutting. The floor above the horizontal cutting must be made of non-combustible materials (concrete, tiles).
5.6. Metal and reinforced concrete beams passing near the chimneys must be separated from the inner surface of the latter at a distance of at least 13 cm.
5.7. Between the stove and chimney, on the one hand, and the combustible wall or partition, on the other hand, an air gap (retreat) must be left for the entire height of the stove or chimney.
Combustible walls or partitions in recesses must be protected with thermal insulation materials.
The width of the retreat and the method of insulating walls and partitions in the retreats are taken in accordance with Table 2.
table 2
Name of heating furnaces | Retreat type | Distance between stove and combustible wall or partition in cm | Methods for protecting combustible structures |
|
Apartment-type furnaces with brick-thick walls with a furnace duration of up to 3 hours | Open or closed on one side | Lime or lime-cement plaster 25 mm thick. Asbestos-vermiculite plates with a thickness of at least 25 mm. Asbestos cardboard and others |
||
Closed on both sides | Brick cladding in clay mortar bricks or asbestos-vermiculite slabs - 40 mm and others |
|||
The same, with brick-thick walls | Open on both sides | Lime-gypsum plaster - 25 mm. Asbestos-vermiculite plates - 40 mm and others |
||
Concrete ovens with a wall thickness of 4-6 cm | ||||
Heating furnaces of long burning | open | |||
Stoves and stoves with brick walls with a burning time of more than 3 hours | open | The same, or brick cladding with clay mortar |
||
Closed | Brick cladding in brick |
|||
Metal furnaces without lining | open | Plaster 25 mm |
||
Same with lining | ||||
Notes: |
||||
5.8. In public canteens, children's and medical institutions, dormitories, insulation of combustible walls, partitions near kitchen stoves is done according to clause 7 of Table 2.
5.9. The air gap (retreat) at the stoves can be left open or sealed on both sides with brick walls or other non-combustible materials.
The floor in the air gap should be lined with brick one row above the floor level of the room. The side walls of the closed chamber should not be tied with the main masonry of the furnace. Openings should be left at the top and bottom of the walls, closed by gratings with a free section area of at least 150 cm2 each.
Note. It is not allowed to leave open air gaps near stoves in children's and medical institutions.
5.10. Vertical cuts in the openings of combustible partitions should be carried out to the entire height of the furnace or pipe, their thickness should not be less than the thickness of the partition. The width of the cut should be carried out in accordance with Table 1.
5.11. The distance from the upper plane of the furnace ceiling to the combustible and fire-protected ceiling of the room must be at least indicated in Table 3.
Table 3
Type of ovens | Distance from the top of the stove top to the combustible ceiling in cm |
|
the ceiling is not fireproof | the ceiling is fireproof |
|
Heat-intensive ovens | ||
Non-heat-intensive furnaces | ||
Notes: |
||
5.12. When laying thick-walled stoves and apartment-type kitchen stoves, the following minimum distances from the floor level to the bottom of the gas circulation and the ash pan must be observed:
a) with a combustible base:
to the bottom of the ash pan - 14 cm, to the bottom of the gas circulation - 21 cm;
b) with a fireproof base and a combustible floor:
the bottom of the ash pan - at floor level, to the bottom of the latter; gas circulation - 14 cm; to the bottom of the remaining gas circulations - 21 cm;
c) with a fireproof base and a fireproof floor - the bottom of the ash pan and all gas ducts can be laid out from the floor level of the room.
5.13. The combustible floor under the frame thin-walled stoves and kitchen stoves with metal legs must be insulated with asbestos cardboard 12 mm thick with upholstery on top with roofing steel.
5.14. Restaurant stoves without legs are only allowed on non-combustible substrates.
5.15. To protect the floor and wall from fire near the furnace door of the furnace, it is necessary:
a) on a wooden floor in front of the furnace door, nail a metal sheet 70x50 cm in size, covering the area of \u200b\u200bthe floor and the plinth near the furnace wall;
b) protect the combustible wall adjacent at an angle to the front of the furnace near the furnace door from fire;
c) the distance from the furnace door to the opposite wall must be at least 1.25 m.
Note. In children's and medical institutions, furnace openings in heating stoves should be arranged from the side of the corridors.
5.16. The gap between the top of the thick-walled furnace and the ceiling can be closed on all sides with brick walls, in which case the thickness of the upper ceiling (roof) of the furnace must be at least 4 rows of brickwork, and the combustible ceiling is protected from fire.
5.17. It is not allowed to place wooden beams in the brickwork between the furnaces of the lower and upper floors.
5.18. When passing through the roofs of brick and concrete pipes and walls with smoke channels, their inner surfaces must be removed from combustible structures (rafters, mauerlats, lathing, etc.) no less than indicated for the corresponding case in Table 1. At the same time, the outer surfaces of pipes and walls with channels must be removed from the same structures by at least 13 cm.
The free space between the pipes and combustible structures must be covered with fireproof roofing material, leading it under the pipe otter.
5.19. Metal chimneys must be 70 cm away from the combustible roof structures. At the same time, within the attic, the pipes must be insulated with a layer of asbestos at least 3 cm thick and plastered over the mesh with cement mortar, and in places where they pass through the combustible roof, they must additionally be equipped with special devices in the form sandboxes.
5.20. Chimneys of buildings with combustible roofs must be equipped with spark traps (metal meshes) with holes no larger than 5 mm.
5.21. Horizontal chimney flues and cleaning holes in chimneys are not allowed in attic spaces.
5.22. To connect furnaces to smoke channels in root pipes and in stone walls, branch pipes and reversible sleeves (horizontal chimneys) can be used, subject to the distances indicated in Table 1 and the following rules:
a) the length of the reversible sleeves should not exceed 2 m,
b) the thickness of the brick walls and the bottom of the overhead sleeve, enclosed in a case made of roofing steel, must be at least a brick, and in the absence of a case, at least a brick on a clay-sand mortar.
The thickness of the overlap of the sleeve must be at least two rows of brickwork with dressing of the seams;
c) short metal pipes with a length of not more than 40 cm from sheet steel with a thickness of at least 1 mm can be used without a lining, but with asbestos insulation of 3 cm and plaster over a metal mesh;
d) reinforced heat-resistant concrete pipes and rectangular ducts, as well as pressure asbestos-cement pipes without joints along the length of the sleeve with their insulation with a layer of asbestos 3 cm thick, with plastering over a metal mesh, can be used for transfer hoses;
e) reversible sleeves must be securely reinforced by laying them on metal or concrete beams;
f) sleeves should be laid with a rise of 0.01 in the direction of smoke movement;
g) the device of detachable sleeves and nozzles is prohibited;
h) the outer surface of the bottom of the changeover sleeve or branch pipe located above the combustible floor must be at least 14 cm away from the latter.
5.23. In seismic areas, it is not allowed to install wall-mounted chimneys on furnaces, and the furnaces themselves must be enclosed in frames made of angles or in roofing steel cases.
5.24. Installation of ventilation grilles on smoke channels is not allowed.
5.25. Drying and trial firing of stoves before the chimneys are led above the roof is not allowed.
6. ACCEPTANCE OF FURNACE WORKS
6.1. Delivery and acceptance of furnace works in their mass execution consists in technical examination and inspection of all furnace devices without exception in each apartment or other facility. At the same time, compliance with the project and the number of completed furnace devices, the quality of work in terms of fireboxes and gas ducts, the quality and strength of the installation of furnace appliances, exterior finishes, the presence of cleanings and compliance with all fire prevention measures should be checked. Relevant acts must be presented for hidden work (gas ducts, cutting, insulation, etc.).
6.2. The density of the walls of chimneys and smoke channels should ensure the impermeability of smoke and gas combustion products to adjacent rooms, as well as to ventilation ducts.
6.3. Deviations of the surface of the laying of furnaces from the vertical should not exceed 2 mm per 1 m of height. Irregularities on the surface are allowed no more than 5 mm for stoves and pipes without lining and 2 mm for stoves lined with tiles.
Deviations from the accepted dimensions in terms of the stove, kitchen hearth or chimney should not exceed ± 0.4%.
6.4. During the test firing, the draft, the tightness of the closing of the valves or views, the heating of all walls of the furnace, oven, frying stove, etc. should be checked. A test furnace is made after the furnace has dried.
6.5. In case of detection of defects that impede the normal and safe operation of furnaces, a defective statement is drawn up and a deadline is set for their elimination. Until the complete elimination of defects, the operation of the furnace cannot be allowed.
Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Moscow: State publishing house
construction literature,
architecture and building materials, 1963
You should know the most common causes of malfunctions of ventilation ducts and chimneys. Of course, there are a lot of them, but most of them are connected with the irresponsibility of the owners.
If the supply and exhaust ventilation in the apartment does not work, then this may be due to flaws in the design of the system. True, sometimes ventilation ducts or chimneys are used by workers during construction as a kind of garbage chute. And clogged channels, of course, do not fulfill their main task.
Sometimes the clogging of the system occurs through no fault of the owner of the house, for example, when foreign objects such as cobwebs, dust, leaves, or birds that accidentally fall into the pipe get into the channel.
Another reason for poor traction is the natural deposits of dust, soot and grease on the walls. They can be seen in the photo. Chimney cleaning from soot should be done immediately. How will these signs appear?
In the absence of proper draft immediately after installing the stove or fireplace, you should blame the mistake of the builders, who, most likely, installed the wrong chimney or ventilation shaft on the roof (read also: “How to improve draft in the stove”).
Finally, the draft can also weaken as a result of the appearance of any malfunctions of the ventilation ducts (chimneys) that appear due to corrosion, shrinkage of the house, collapses, cracks, aging of building materials (read also: “Reverse draft in the chimney - causes”).
Quite a lot of poisoning by combustion derivatives and fires is usually associated with the inability of ventilation and chimneys to cope with their immediate functions. That is why the requirements and rules for the operation of these systems, as well as pipe and furnace work, were developed. Chimneys and ventilation ducts: the basic norms provide the basics for their operation in order to regulate the operation of ventilation, which is important for human health.
According to SNIP, chimneys and ventilation ducts, as well as their examination, must clearly follow the following rules:
- Channels of stoves and fireplaces that work on wood (solid fuel) must be checked and cleaned before and after the end of the heating season. If the kiln is running continuously, they are checked every quarter. Checking ventilation ducts and chimneys should take place, respectively, every quarter and twice a year (in winter and summer).
- If during the inspection of chimneys and ventilation ducts any serious malfunctions are detected that require repair, it is impossible to use heating and gas appliances until the problem is completely eliminated.
- Repair and installation of chimneys and ventilation ducts must be carried out by organizations with the appropriate license. Their employees usually have the necessary skills. They have the right to start work only after drawing up an act of checking the chimney or ventilation.
These rules must be observed both by the owners of their own private house, and by institutions responsible for the maintenance and maintenance of apartments and ventilation systems in them.
In addition to the above generally binding rules, it is desirable to apply these recommendations:
- use high-quality and completely dried firewood with a low resin content;
- do not burn household waste in a fireplace or stove, especially bottles and plastic bags;
- clean the blower and the firebox from accumulated ash, roof hoods - from grease and dust;
- to improve draft in a duct or pipe, as well as forced exhaust, purchase an exhaust roof fan. This advice is useful for owners of chimneys with a small internal section;
- a protective cap with a mesh installed on the chimney prevents it from entering the ventilation duct. During the winter months, regular inspection of this part of the system should be ensured to avoid clogging of the channel and freezing of the tip.
Inspection, repair and cleaning
Options for examining ventilation and smoke ducts: you can check ventilation ducts and chimneys in the usual, classic way - with the help of a ruff, a short rope and a load. True, now more modern methods are almost always used to examine the system. For example, digital photographs and shooting on a video camera with spotlights are used.
Devices have also been developed that allow you to very quickly, without much effort, accurately assess the draft in the chimney or ventilation.
Based on the results of the inspection, an act of inspection of channels (chimneys) is drawn up, which is drawn up in the form of a technical report of a clearly established sample, after which a conclusion is issued containing recommendations for installation and repair.
What is examined during the test
When conducting an examination, you should establish:
- the materials from which the channels were made, the cross section of the latter;
- length of channels, places of connections, narrowings and bends, marks of congestion and gaps found in the system;
- channel density, their isolation;
- the presence of traction, horizontal sections, a zone of wind backwater (or its absence);
- the condition of hatches intended for cleaning, fire-prevention cuts, heads;
- tightness of pipes;
- general state of the system.
Also, during the inspection of ventilation ducts, the condition of the ducts, exhaust shafts, and air intake grilles is checked.
Based on the results of the data obtained during the check, an act is drawn up.
Why you need to check the draft in chimneys and ventilation ducts, look at the video:
Repair and cleaning
Ventilation shafts and chimneys can be cleaned in several ways - modern and traditional.
In the second case, a classic set of an average chimney sweep is used, that is, brushes, weights, chimney brushes, ladders, ropes. True, the use of modern equipment is much more effective: vacuum cleaners that remove soot and mechanical particles. They allow you to remove any type of pollution in both horizontal and vertical sections of air ducts and chimneys.
After receiving the act of inspection of the system and indications of malfunctions, a decision must be made on the repair. If this is not done, it is impossible to use appliances for heating. Violation of the prohibitions will lead to very serious consequences.
If the channel size is insufficient, when it is impossible to use a sleeve, usually they resort to bricking with compositions intended for this or lining with polymer liners.
Checking chimneys and ventilation ducts
The procedure for organizing work on checking smoke and ventilation ducts is determined Rules for the production of pipe and furnace works. Inspection work is carried out by specialized organizations, under contracts concluded with manufacturing enterprises, housing offices and house management, as well as home owners on the basis of personal property rights.
Checking chimneys and ventilation ducts There are two types: primary and periodic.
The initial check is made when accepting newly built chimneys and ventilation ducts for operation, as well as after major repairs.
The check is carried out by a specialized organization with the participation of a representative of the construction and installation organization and the homeowner's organization.
Maintenance of chimneys and ventilation ducts no longer requires a license
The test result is documented.
During the initial check of the channels, they specify:
— compliance of materials with the project;
- wall thickness, compliance of the channel section with the required section;
- the design of the chimney, the serviceability of the connecting pipes;
- materials and thickness of thermal insulation of channels;
- serviceability of the head and its placement outside the zone of wind backwater;
- no clogging, the presence of traction;
— density and isolation.
Periodic check chimneys and ventilation ducts are made in the following terms:
- smoke channels of seasonally operating gas appliances - before the heating season;
- brick smoke channels - once every 3 months;
- asbestos-cement chimneys, from heat-resistant concrete, ventilation ducts - once every 12 months.
During periodic checks, check:
- no clogging;
- density and isolation;
- serviceability of connecting pipes;
- serviceability and placement of heads outside the zone of wind backwater;
- the presence of traction.
The results of the periodic inspection are recorded in a special journal (act). If the inspector finds that the chimneys and ventilation ducts are unsuitable for further operation, he must:
- warn the consumer about the ban on the use of gas;
- draw up an inspection certificate;
- send this act to the owner of the building and to the organization conducting maintenance of gas equipment in this building. This organization must turn off gas appliances.
In winter, building owners should ensure that chimney caps are inspected once a month to prevent freezing and blockage.
Removal of combustion products through the wall
There is equipment from which combustion products can be removed through the outer wall of the room. In this case, the device of a vertical channel (chimney) is not required.
Rice. 11. Ways of smoke removal through the wall.
Such equipment has a closed combustion chamber and a fan for the forced removal of combustion products. These are instantaneous water heaters (turbo columns) and wall-mounted boilers with a closed combustion chamber. Combustion air enters these units directly from the street. In this case, the outlet is possible through coaxial pipes (Fig. 11, a) or separate pipes (Fig. 11, b).
The removal of combustion products through the wall must be coordinated with the authorities of Rospotrebnadzor (sanitary supervision).
Rice. 12. Layout of the smoke channel under a canopy or balcony
The openings of the smoke channels on the facade of a residential building when the combustion products are removed through the outer wall are placed in accordance with the manufacturer's equipment installation instructions, but at a distance not less than:
- 2.0 m from ground level;
- 0.5 m horizontally to windows, doors and ventilation openings (grilles);
— 0.5 m above the upper edge of windows, doors and ventilation grilles;
- 1.0 m vertically to windows when placing holes under them.
It is not allowed to place channel openings on the facade of buildings under the ventilation grille. The smallest distance between two channel openings on the facade of the building should be taken at least 1.0 m horizontally and 2.0 m vertically. When placing a smoke channel under a canopy, balconies and roof cornices of buildings, the channel should go beyond the circle described by radius R (Fig. 12). It is not recommended to provide for the exit of the smoke channel through the outer wall into driveways (arches), tunnels, underpasses, etc.
The length of the horizontal section of the smoke channel from equipment with a sealed combustion chamber when exiting through the outer wall is no more than 3 m.
Review questions
1. What is the cause of cravings?
2. In what units is the value of thrust measured?
3. What are the causes of traction disturbance?
4. What are ventilation ducts used for?
5. What materials are hidden chimneys made of?
6. What is the depth of the pocket?
7. What is the height of the chimney above the flat roof?
8. What is a wind backwater zone?
9. What are the connection pipes for?
10. What are connecting pipes made of?
11. What is checked during the periodic inspection of chimneys and ventilation ducts?
12. Who checks chimneys and ventilation ducts?
13. From what equipment are combustion products removed through the wall?
14. What is the maximum length of the horizontal section when the smoke channel exits through the outer wall?
Question: Do I need a license or a sanitary-epidemiological conclusion to carry out disinfection activities?
Answer: In accordance with Federal Law No. 258-FZ dated 08.11.2007 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation and Recognition as Invalid of Certain Provisions of Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on Licensing Certain Types of Activities”, disinfection activities are excluded from the licensed types of activities and not subject to sanitary and epidemiological examination with the subsequent issuance of a sanitary-epidemiological conclusion.
* FMSA.ru comment: But, it is subject to sanitary and epidemiological examination with the subsequent issuance of the “Act of sanitary and epidemiological examination”.
Question: On the basis of what are the conditions for the organization and implementation of disinfection activities assessed?
Answer: The conditions for the organization and implementation of disinfection activities (including disinfestation and deratization as its section) are evaluated in the order of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, during which the compliance of the activity with the requirements is established:
SP 3.5.1378-03 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization and implementation of disinfection activities";
SanPiN 3.5.2.1376-03 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization and conduct of pest control measures against synanthropic arthropods";
SP 3.5.3.1129-02 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for deratization".
Question: Have sanitary passports been canceled for vehicles intended for the transport of food products, if so, is it necessary to carry out disinfection of vehicles at all and how to confirm its implementation?
Answer: In accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 19 of Federal Law No. 29-FZ, as amended from October 21, 2011, formulated as follows: "For the transportation of food products, vehicles specially designed or specially equipped for such purposes must be used." Requirements for the presence of a sanitary passport for specially designed or specially equipped vehicles for the transport of food products from 21.10.2011.
Rules for checking ventilation ducts and chimneys in private and apartment buildings
do not apply.
In accordance with the requirements of SP 2.3.6.1066-01 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for trade organizations and the turnover of food raw materials and food products in them" and SP 2.3.6.1079-01 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for public catering organizations, production and turnover in them food products and food raw materials” vehicles used for the transportation of food products and food raw materials are washed daily with detergents and monthly with disinfectants approved for use in the prescribed manner.
Individual entrepreneurs and legal entities transporting food products are required to comply with the requirements of regulatory documents for the conditions of transportation and confirm their compliance with the relevant documents. Such documents today are an agreement with an organization for the provision of services for washing and disinfection of transport intended for the transport of food products, and acts of work performed.
Question: What disinfectants can be used, what regulates the possibility of their use?
Answer: For disinfection, any disinfectants that have passed state registration, have a certificate of conformity or a declaration of conformity and instructions for use approved in the prescribed manner can be used.
The requirements for the availability of the above documentation for disinfectants are determined by the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population”, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 4, 2001 No. 262 “On state registration of certain types of products that pose a potential danger to humans , as well as certain types of products imported into the territory of the Russian Federation for the first time”, by the decision of the Customs Union Commission dated May 28, 2010 No. No. 299, approving the Unified List of Goods Subject to Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance (Control) in the Customs Territory of the Customs Union.
Question: Can employees of commercial medical and preventive organizations carry out disinfestation and rodent control on their own, without the involvement of third-party organizations?
Answer: In accordance with the requirements of clause 11.23 of Chapter No. 1 of SanPiN 2.1.3.2630-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations engaged in medical activities”, organizations engaged in medical activities should not have synanthropic arthropods, rats and mouse-like rodents. Disinsection and deratization should be carried out in accordance with sanitary rules by specialized organizations.
Question: We want to be engaged in the installation of OZDS, we ask the Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the city of Moscow to issue a license or permission to carry out these works.
Answer: The use of security and protective deratization systems (OZDS) is a special deratization measure designed to protect objects from rodents. The method and device for electrical deratization, implemented using the OZDS, are protected by State patents. The procedure for introducing them into economic circulation (including the development of design estimates, installation and maintenance) is regulated by the patent law of the Russian Federation.
The Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the city of Moscow does not have the authority to issue licenses, certificates and permits for the right to design, install and maintain the OZDS.
Unfortunately, in most cases, a fire does not occur from the moment of the first test heating, as well as a lack of oxygen in the house and the presence of carbon monoxide is not felt on the very first day - on the contrary, everything can be fine in the first months. But after a year of active operation of a problematic chimney or faulty ventilation ducts, a fire can occur, a disease may develop, or engineering communications will simply suddenly become completely unusable.
And therefore, it is important not only to know the rules for operating chimneys and ventilation ducts of a residential building, but also to carry out timely revision and prevention, which this article will be about.
You can download the official rules for the operation of chimneys and ventilation ducts in .pdf format:
This short document discusses how chimneys and ventilation ducts should be checked in an apartment building, and which authorities are involved in this control. But specifically in this article, we will pay more attention to the safety of operation of chimneys and ventilation ducts of a residential private house or bath, which are rarely discussed, although there are many important points. Read the article carefully - you will be surprised!
Any chimney is always the most dangerous source of fire in the house. And all due to the fact that the temperature of the flue gases is prohibitively high. Therefore, even the slightest violation of the installation of a chimney inside a residential building can lead to dangerous consequences. But the chimney is important not only to install it correctly - it is important to use it correctly and take care of it.
What is included in the concept of fire safety?
To begin with, we propose to understand in more detail the concept of fire safety in the operation of a chimney.
Fire safety is the state of an object (and we are talking about a chimney), which is characterized by the ability to quickly prevent the occurrence and development of a fire. The fire safety of the operation of a residential building can be divided into the following: the safety of the floor, ceiling and walls that are nearby, as well as the safety of the chimney itself. This means that the insulation of the room must be not only effective, but environmentally friendly, so that when heated, it does not emit any harmful substances.
In other words, it should not be a source of the very chemical elements that cause cancer (carcinogens). Only natural safe materials based on stone fibers, fiberglass stone and stainless metal can be used.
The second point: the chimney must be properly installed and operated:
Control over the heating temperature of a single and double-circuit chimney
Fires caused by problems with the chimney are often caused by the ignition of soot, and it lights up from high temperatures. What leads to this? So, for example, paper and burning plastic give out the highest temperature, and firewood of certain types of wood already follows them.
Many people think that it's good if the soot burns out, it will not be necessary to clean the chimney in the summer, but often it simply destroys the chimney pipe from the inside, which is not prepared for such high temperatures. That is why chimneys, which were originally designed by the manufacturer for low temperature conditions, serve the least and are more fireproof, and the combustion temperature of their firewood is high. Let's compare different types of wood in terms of their ability to burn hot in a furnace:
- Pine - 624°C;
- Hornbeam - 1022°C;
- Poplar - 468°C;
- Oak - 840-900 ° C;
- Aspen - 612°C;
- Larch - 865°C;
- Ash, beech - 1044°C;
- Birch - 816°C;
- Alder - 552°C;
- Acacia - 708 ° C.
Impressive? That is why, in addition to following the general rules, you always need to make sure that the outer contour of the chimney cannot heat up more than the metal from which it is made is designed:
For example, the most common cause of fires in private houses and baths is a 0.5 mm stainless steel chimney, which is placed on wood stoves, although it was originally intended only for gas stoves. Unfortunately, at first glance, it is difficult to distinguish a gas chimney from a wood-burning one. You just need to read the label on the pipe and consult with the seller.
But this is only one of two factors. The degree of heating of the external circuit also depends on what kind of internal insulation was used and what is its thickness:
Correct arrangement and functioning of the chimney of a residential building
One of the most important rules for ensuring the fire safety of the chimney of a private house is the thermal insulation of the chimney and the correct arrangement of its design.
Please also note that from the outer surface of such pipes to the lathing and roof rafters, there must be a distance that corresponds to that prescribed in modern SNIPs 2.04.05-91:
- For concrete and brick pipes, this is 130 mm;
- For ordinary ceramic (without additional thermal insulation) this is 250 meters;
- For pipes in which insulation is present, this is also 130 mm;
- For pipes assembled with a stainless steel sandwich module, this is a distance of 150-160 from the inner walls of the pipe (according to European standards)
We go further. Where the roof and ceiling are in contact with the chimney, the components must be made of non-combustible materials. These are mineral wool, metal plates, special treatment for wood with fire-retardant mastic and other materials that are full of modern hardware stores.
It is especially important to take care of the fire safety of the pre-furnace site, if there is one - it is also made of non-combustible materials if it is performed. Then you need to purchase ceramic tiles, metal sheets or stone slabs. It’s good if you additionally build a half-brick wall against the wall where the stove or fireplace is attached.
So, the safe operation of a chimney in a private house implies:
- The chimney must be installed by a professional, or at least inspected by him at the end of the installation.
- Most of the chimney modules must be made of 400 series stainless steel, with a thickness of at least 0.8 mm, and the remaining parts are allowed from 300 stainless steel, but with a thickness of at least 1 mm.
- The stove, fireplace or boiler is heated with the type of firewood for which they are designed.
And this is just the beginning! The chimney must be monitored, cleaned and protected throughout the entire period of its operation.
Self-inspection of the chimney of a residential building
So, during self-examination, first of all, check the chimney for cracks. Initially, the modules of a metal chimney should not only be connected to each other, but also smeared with silicone sealant at the seams.
If we are talking about a brick chimney, the smoke from it should also not seep anywhere at all. If it still leaks, this is evidence that oxygen is sucked into the chimney somewhere and reacts with gases. In such a chimney, with only one spark, a fire can easily form. But even a sandwich module from the fire burns out from the inside and causes a fire.
Therefore, every year, step by step, you need to check your chimney for problems that may not be initially visible to the eye:
Pay special attention to such a moment: is there a white coating on the walls? Burning a fireplace or stove with damp wood is fraught with the fact that, due to moisture, a white crust of wet soot forms on the walls of the chimney, and an ordinary brush will not help - you need a special scraper. And this is a more complex cleaning technology, because in this case it is easy to damage the surface of the chimney from the inside and give rise to corrosion. Therefore, if you have to resort to such a procedure, get a good brush from modern manufacturers that are designed specifically for chimneys.
As you may have guessed, the most difficult situation is with a brick chimney. If a metal pipe was not specially inserted into it to protect its walls from corrosive soot, then a lot of work will have to be done with it. Inspect carefully such a chimney: if you see a blockage of broken bricks, then the chimney itself is already collapsing from the inside and urgent repairs are needed. Namely, inserting a pipe - sleeve. If this is not done on time, the brickwork runs the risk of collapsing at any moment.
For sleeve, a part of the chimney is disassembled and a pipe is inserted, then a new brickwork is made. Naturally, all this can be organized only in the warm season, when the stove does not work. But, in principle, the design itself, when a brick chimney contains an additional stainless steel pipe, is one of the most reliable.
But all the same, every six months it is necessary to inspect, clean and prevent such a chimney. If you suspect that the chimney may be problematic or your firewood is not of the best quality, then what kind of prevention should be done every two months or even more often. And keep in mind that firewood from spruce and pine has a large amount of resins and is especially harmful to pipes - it is better to refuse them altogether.
Regular cleaning of the chimney from soot and internal blockage
Now for some fun physics. When burning firewood from wood, a white, translucent smoke is formed (after all, water vapor is present in the wood), and the smoke becomes black if fine carbon - soot rises into the chimney.
At the end of combustion, only coals and ash remain, which do not burn with an open flame, but only smolder and react with atmospheric oxygen and also emit carbon dioxide and water vapor. It is precisely the creosote released at this moment that poses the greatest danger to the chimney, because the water vapor that comes from the wood at this moment sticks together such particles and they settle not only on the walls of the chimney, but also on the details of the heater. And at the same time form resinous deposits!
Let's talk about soot in the chimney (believe me, it's more serious than you think). It appears when the fuel does not burn completely. And this already depends on its type, quality, incoming air and combustion temperature.
The soot itself happens dusty, glossy and even porous.
- For ignition pulverized just one spark is enough. Such soot creates a porous substance on the walls of the chimney, consisting of ash and a small amount of coal. Even with a sharp increase in draft or ignition of paper, pulverized soot can ignite, and the flame can reach the top of the chimney. Such a fire usually leads to overheating and cracking in the pipe, but the sparks that fly out of the chimney are also dangerous (especially when the weather is windy and hot).
- Here is the fire glossy soot leads to critical temperatures on the walls of the chimney. Such soot creates a dense, flammable layer and, when burned, can even reach 1000 degrees Celsius. This is an overload on the chimney, and if it is old or cracked, then it risks simply not being able to withstand it. In this case, the ignition of such soot can be both fast and slow. With a fast one, the upper temperature, in principle, does not have time to reach the maximum value, but slow combustion can last up to several hours or heat the pipe walls so much that cracks begin to appear. The slow ignition of glossy is the most dangerous, because it is accompanied by strong gas formation, and clouds of smoke create whole plugs in the pipe.
- porous soot is not as dangerous as glossy, although it is similar in structure to it. Such a layer forms on the walls of the chimney when too hot flue gases enter the chimney. But everything is also subject to sudden ignition.
All this greatly reduces the efficiency of the chimney, accelerates its wear and even provokes corrosion, and in especially neglected cases, a real fire occurs. That is why it is useful to put a chemical soot remover along with firewood from time to time. It is made in different formats and different contents, but usually from a mixture of special crystals, which act as catalysts during combustion, destroying the structure of resinous deposits. After that, only a fragile soot husk remains on the walls of the chimney, and it, in turn, easily splits, burns out and falls asleep.
That is why it is so important to choose a reliable chimney pipe with all seriousness, because manufacturers specifically indicate resistance to soot fire in the passport for this purpose. Therefore, if you have the opportunity now to purchase another chimney (if there are doubts about the old one), which will withstand the necessary loads and even more. After all, there is a huge difference in whether you heat a fireplace or stove more for a decorative effect or infrequent cooking (for example, the stove is in a barbecue gazebo, or this stove will heat your entire house). If you ignore at least one of the manufacturer's requirements, then it will not end in anything good, believe me.
If you are wondering where condensation can come from in the chimney, we will explain in more detail. Moisture itself is always in the air, in any room - just in different quantities. It is not noticeable to the eye, because. is in the state of finely dispersed droplets. There are more of them in a residential building than, say, in a workshop or in an attic.
And it is moisture that enters the furnace and chimney with air, and in its cold part it condenses, settling on the pipes in the form of drops. And such condensate is bad not only for the chimney, as it corrodes it from the inside, but also in the sense that it allows soot to simply stick to the walls. As a result, due to condensate, draft is disturbed, because the passage for air becomes less and less. And finally, moisture reacts with soot, forming a particularly aggressive acid, which gradually destroys the metal. The modern sandwich chimney has the least problems with all this, although it must also be protected from damp firewood.
Ventilation ducts: ensuring air flow
In addition, unfortunately, modern building materials and furniture in most cases do not have high environmental performance. And all these harmful substances are emitted into the air. Of course, if there is only one such source of carcinogenic substances in a residential building, then it is not dangerous in itself (its influence is insignificant and the human body more or less removes all the toxins received during the day) and the manufacturer is absolutely clean before the law.
But there is such a thing as cumulative correlation, which takes into account that a person will breathe harmful elements not only today, but also tomorrow. And if he has certain health and metabolic problems, then a toxic plastic shelf or wallpaper will still be harmful. And after all, this is not taking into account the fact that such household items and things are far from being surrounded by the average person in the same quantity.
From this situation, there is a simple and affordable solution - high-quality ventilation. A constant influx of fresh air and removal of the old can easily remove all the inhabitants of the periodic table penetrating into the air and thus reducing the mentioned negative impact to almost zero.
For quite a long time in Russia there was a practice to organize the flow of fresh air into the room due to leaks in the building structures themselves. Simply put, old wooden windows ventilated the room remarkably, but modern double-glazed windows, unfortunately, completely seal it. It’s good if you can put the glass window in the micro-ventilation mode or open it completely, but sometimes they forget about it in winter or simply save on heating.
In this case, it is imperative to install a forced ventilation system that will supply fresh air to the room, cleaner and warmer. And you can also resort to such an artisanal method as a through hole under the window sill frame (preferably above the heating convector). To do this, a small hole is punched, and the air from it comes directly from the street. If necessary, use an adjustable damper. Thus, the air is also warmed up.
In addition to providing a healthy indoor climate, ventilation is necessary for the proper functioning of any fireplace or stove. For this purpose, they provide for the organization of air flow, counting it at 200-300 square meters per hour, if the furnace is of a closed type, and 800-1000 square meters per hour, if it is an open type.
And finally, watch a short news story about how important it is to monitor the normal functioning of chimneys and ventilation ducts, and how to notice the first signs of problems:
Be careful and take care of your own health and life!
Did you smell smoke in the room? Are you planning to carry out preventive maintenance, cleaning or repair of a chimney or fireplace? Specialists of the Spetsstroy-Fire Protection company in Moscow will help you.
maintenance of chimneys, stoves, fireplaces and barbecues
| Chimney cleaning | Price per sq. m. (in rubles) |
|---|---|
|
Departure of a specialist (chimney sweep) in Moscow to the Moscow Ring Road |
|
|
Departure of a specialist (chimney sweep) when leaving the Moscow Ring Road |
|
|
Inspection of chimneys, ventilation ducts (for the 1st channel up to 15m.) |
|
|
Inspection of chimneys, ventilation ducts (for the 1st channel over 15m.) |
|
|
Mechanical cleaning of the chimney, barbecue, stove, fireplace |
|
|
Vertical chimney rub. per meter (depending on the diameter of the channel and the degree of contamination) |
|
|
Horizontal chimney rub. per meter (depending on the diameter of the channel and the degree of contamination) |
|
|
Dismantling a pipe meter |
|
|
Fireplace cleaning (depending on size and soiling) |
|
|
Furnace cleaning (up to 1.5m strokes) |
|
|
Furnace cleaning (more than 1.5 m of strokes), Cleaning of strokes rub./meter |
|
|
Take out-insert brick |
|
|
Barbecue cleaning per sq. m. |
|
|
Cleaning the fan (depending on contamination, complexity of installation, and cleaning method (for example, with soaking)) |
|
|
Grease ventilation is cleaned after leaving for a specialist assessment (departure according to the price list), |
Cleaning price is negotiable |
- We clean from condensate. We reveal obvious, hidden damage in the channels.
- We check the tightness of the flanges, the removal of the pipe into the chimney.
- We restore chimneys of any type, size, shape.
- Prevent major repairs and carbon monoxide poisoning.
Sulfuric acid in the chimney
Heat-intensive brick is heated gradually, flue gases are cooled. Condensation accumulates on the inner walls. The sulfur oxide in the soot reacts with water. As a result of the reaction, sulfuric acid is released. She's eating away at the brick.
Brick chimneys with a gas boiler are destroyed faster from sulfuric acid. The gas contains mercaptans, which form sulfur oxides during combustion. The smoke in such boilers warms up to 250 ºC. Therefore, cooling produces a lot of condensate.
The wall inside the room is damp, as the brickwork in the chimney is destroyed. There is a backlash. After several years of active operation without cleaning, the chimney will need to be repaired. Re-bricking does not always solve the problem.
What happens if the chimney is not cleaned?
If you neglect the maintenance of the chimney, the wells will become clogged and the soot will ignite. When burning soot, the temperature rises to 1000 ºС, there is a danger of heating the roof.
Soot increases in volume, blocks the channel, flies to the roof. In order not to create conditions for a fire, it is necessary to properly operate the chimney and carry out checks.
Why are regular chimney checks important?
- Control of the technical condition, tightness of the connected device (valves, chambers).
- Checking the condition, tightness of the smoke channel, gas outlet.
- Cleaning the channel with brushes and other devices. It is important to remove plaque at the mouth of the chimney.
- Burning and chipping of soot is prohibited!
Ways to strengthen the chimney
The operation of the chimney will be improved by insulation, sealing, installing a stainless steel case, a chimney candle, restoring brickwork, chimney lining and other methods.
channels
Smoke channels (pipes) must ensure the complete removal of combustion products into the atmosphere from heating stoves and solid fuel appliances, as well as from household gas appliances and gasified stoves in order to prevent the spread of combustion products into the premises in which they are installed and operated.
Construction and installation of smoke channels (pipes) must be carried out in accordance with the design documentation, developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-86 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", SNiP 2.04.08-87 "Gas supply", SNiP 3.03.01-87 " Rules for the production and acceptance of work. Stone Structures”, “Safety Rules in the Gas Industry”, “Rules for Technical Operation and Labor Requirements in the Gas Industry of the RSFSR”, “Guiding Technical Material. Gas outlet channels for household gas appliances. Safety requirements". RTM 204 RSFSR 3.38-81.
The construction and installation of ventilation ducts must be carried out in accordance with the design documentation developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-86 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", SNiP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings" and SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Production rules and acceptance of work. Stone structures.
The construction of smoke and ventilation ducts is allowed subject to the availability of design materials and compliance with the requirements of building codes and regulations.
The placement of smoke and ventilation ducts in heated buildings should be carried out taking into account fire safety requirements, as well as the convenience of their installation, repair, maintenance and operation.
Removal of air from heated rooms should be provided by ventilation systems with natural motivation, and free removal of combustion products from stoves and apparatuses - smoke channels (pipes).
The design of gratings installed on the ventilation ducts of natural ventilation systems should be such that the grating cells are always open.
Smoke and ventilation ducts should be vertical without ledges.
The flow area of the channel for the removal of gas combustion products from the device must be optimal, ensuring complete removal and minimal cooling of combustion products. In all cases, the cross-sectional area of the channel must not be less than the area of the branch pipe of the gas appliance connected to the chimney.
The internal dimensions of the chimneys, providing the required cross-section, depending on the heat output of the furnace or apparatus, are accepted, mm, not less than:
140 * 140 - with a thermal power of up to 3.5 kW;
140 * 200 - with a thermal power of 3.5 to 5.2 kW;
140 * 270 - with a thermal power of 5.2 to 7 kW.
The cross-sectional area of the round channels must not be less than the area of the specified rectangular channels.
When erecting channels from solid ceramic bricks, the wall thickness is not less than 120 mm. The inner surfaces of the brickwork are not plastered, but during laying they are thoroughly cleaned of excess mortar by mopping.
Factory-made smoke ventilation ducts in the form of root pipes are made of heat-resistant concrete with a wall thickness of 60 mm or more.
Smoke ducts in fireproof internal or external walls may be made together with ventilation ducts. At the same time, they must be separated along the entire height by sealed partitions made of clay bricks with a thickness of at least 120 mm.
For cleaning from soot deposits in the bases of smoke channels and pipes, pockets with a depth of 250 mm are made.
The height of the chimneys, counting from the grate to the mouth, should be at least 5 m. The height of the exhaust chimneys located next to the chimneys should be equal to the height of these pipes.
Elevation of chimneys above the roof should be taken:
at least 2000 mm above a flat and combined roof;
at least 500 mm above the roof ridge or parapet when the pipe is located at a distance of up to 1.5 m from the ridge or parapet;
not lower than the roof ridge or parapet when the chimney is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 m from the ridge or parapet;
not lower than a line drawn from the ridge down at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizon, when the chimney is located at a distance of more than 3 m from the ridge.
Elevation of chimneys by 500 mm must be provided for:
above the top of the building attached to the heated building;
above the upper plane of the wind shadow of a taller adjacent building or structure.
The chimney cap must be protected from atmospheric precipitation.
Installation of umbrellas and deflectors above the pipe is prohibited.
Checking and cleaning chimneys and ventilation ducts.
Checking and cleaning of smoke and ventilation ducts must be carried out on time, in full and by the methods provided for by the requirements of these rules for the repair of furnaces and smoke ducts.
Checking the channels is carried out when newly built furnaces, chimneys are commissioned (initial check) and during the operation of furnaces, chimneys (periodic check).
According to the requirements of the “Safety Rules in the Gas Industry”, paragraph 3.88, ventilation and smoke exhaust systems must undergo periodic checks:
before the heating season - chimneys of seasonally operating gas appliances and apparatus;
at least 1 time in 3 months. - brick chimneys;
at least 1 time in 12 months. - asbestos-cement chimneys, pottery chimneys, from special blocks of heat-resistant concrete, as well as ventilation ducts.
When inspecting smoke channels, check:
compliance of the channel material with the requirements of these rules
channel wall thickness
compliance with the accepted section of the channel for the thermal power of the furnace or apparatus
the procedure for connecting furnaces and apparatuses to the smoke channel
Design and dimensions of grooves and indents
Ways to protect combustible structures from fire
Availability of devices for cleaning channels, leads, channel and hatch
Material and thickness of thermal insulation channels
Serviceability of the head and its elevation relative to the roof and the zone of wind support
Head protection from atmospheric precipitation
No clogging in channels
Density and isolation of channels
The presence of the necessary thrust, the value of which is established in the regulatory documents
When inspecting the ventilation ducts, check:
Compliance of their device and materials used with the requirements of building codes and regulations
Compliance with the dimensions of ventilation ducts to the requirements of design organizations and materials
No clogging in the channels
The presence of traction in the channels
Compliance of the air flow rate removed through the ventilation ducts with the requirements of the standards
In the smoke ducts, during a periodic check, the condition of the internal walls and the presence of sooty and tarry deposits are detected, and the decisions made are checked, which are given in paragraph 4. In the ventilation ducts, the presence of dust, fluff, cobwebs in the channels, as well as other solutions given in item 5.
The results of inspections are documented in acts of primary and periodic inspection.