Hardly anyone will like the colorless interior. And the very concept - "colorless interior" - is nonsense, that is, nonsense. Therefore, color in the interior is perhaps its most important element.
Color and style
The color scheme of any room, be it an apartment, private household, office or store, is primarily selected depending on the style of this room. Based on the style, you should plan the color combinations of the interior - sharp contrasts or smooth transitions, bright solutions or pastel colors.
Let's take one of the most modern styles - hi-tech. Its progenitors are pop art and minimalism, which do not at all contradict the use of bright colors and sharp contrasts, and pop art even welcomes just such color solutions. Therefore, hi-tech is most often built on color contrast.
If you look at the classic interior, then it is better to avoid a sharp change in color, and not only it. The space in a classic interior should, as it were, open up, smoothly flow from one volume to another, so it would be wrong to use sharp contrasts here. This also applies to other elements of the classic interior. Therefore, the classics do not accept, for example, height differences or.
Color - warm and cold
Coloring is the interaction of colors and shades, their consistency with each other. It can be selected both for the entire apartment as a whole, and separately for each room.
The color can be warm or cold, with well-defined colors in mind. Warm colors - all colors and shades of fire: from golden yellow to brown. Cold - the colors and shades of sky and water: green, gray, blue, etc. The comfort and coziness depends on which color scheme is chosen, or vice versa, the cold and discomfort of your home.
Warm colors make the room more welcoming and cozy, but visually diminish it. Cool colors increase the space, but make it colder and more formal.
Primary colors - red, blue, yellow
Blue is the color of calm and tranquility. At the same time, shades of blue are a cool spectrum, which makes them useful for use in small spaces. For example, decorating the ceiling in light blue tones creates a visual sense that the room has become taller and more spacious. A room decorated with the use of blue always looks noble and elegant.
Yellow color is very intense and rich in its pure form. It is better not to use it as is, but add, for example, a little purple tone, otherwise the room will seem too bright. Any shade of yellow is perfect for.
It should be said about the two most neutral colors - white and black. A pure black and white interior is quite acceptable, but only for an amateur. It is better to use these colors as small blotches among the rest of the variety of shades.
Visual effects of color
At the stage of interior design, it is difficult for a non-professional to determine how this or that color in the complex will look. Therefore, here are some tips to help you choose the color scheme yourself.
Light walls expand the space, make the room taller and wider. Accordingly, dark walls will visually narrow the room.
If the ceiling is decorated in a lighter color scheme than the walls, then it will appear taller. If the walls are lighter than the ceiling, then the room appears lower.
Do not be afraid to make the color scheme of the walls and ceiling too monotonous, because there are many techniques to revive the interior. For example, lampshades, other draperies, if decorated with a color that contrasts with the main color scheme of the room, can significantly enliven the interior.
Color and dwellers
For example, to expand the space in, you can use blue lights. We remember that blue is included in the cold color range, and accordingly, it enlarges the space. In addition, blue is the color not only of the sky, but also of water, and water dominates in the bathroom.
The relaxation area can be illuminated with soft green light. Green, as a color from the cold scale, will also expand the space, and its natural nature (for the pun, I beg your pardon) makes for a pleasant stay.
Colored local illumination of individual interior elements - a floor vase or a figurine, in a word, something that is pleasant to pay attention to will look beautiful.
Harmony of color and shape
These are two inextricably linked concepts. To create a sense of harmony of color and shape in the interior, it is necessary to create an unobtrusive and simple repetition of the contour or pattern.
For a simple example, imagine that there is an oval rug on the floor. Against its background, a rectangular coffee table will look somehow wrong, there will be no harmony. A round or oval table will look much better.
The interior usually includes a lot of various elements, unless of course it's rigid minimalism. And here there is a law: the smaller the size of a single element, the more it should stand out against the background of the interior as a whole. And the simplest thing is to create this contrast with color. At the same time, of course, one should not forget about the harmonious combination of colors in the interior.
Color and psychology
It is customary to distinguish four psychotypes of a person: choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine and melancholic. It is known that each of the psychological types prefers a certain color scheme. Choleric people like red, phlegmatic people prefer green, sanguine people are more comfortable in yellow colors, and blue is preferable for melancholic people.
Moreover, here we are talking not only about the conscious perception of color, but more even about the subconscious. It often happens that a person's consciousness likes, for example, red, but his subconscious is more comfortable surrounded by blue. Most likely, such a person has a melancholic psychological type, and his environment at home, in the country, at work should be decorated in blue colors. After all, a person's subconsciousness has a much greater influence on inner comfort than consciousness. And what, if not spiritual comfort, helps us go through life with our heads held high, achieve our goals and, in the end, remain happy.
Color and style in the interior are closely related. Many styles presuppose a certain set of shades, and even the perfect design can be “killed” by a poorly chosen color combination. In this article, we will not consider styles such as eclecticism, contemporary, modern classics, art deco, ethnic and a number of others, since there are practically no specific color combinations characteristic of this particular style. Let's focus on popular styles that have pronounced color features.
Despite the growing popularity of modern styles, classics never go out of style. Inspired by the heritage of ancient culture, it looks restrained and harmonious. In this style, ultra-modern furniture with an abundance of metal and plastic, as well as bright flashy colors and overly contrasting combinations are inappropriate.
White is the key foundation for the classic style. The traditional color combination is a combination of light pastel walls (white, delicate beige, light yellow, light blue), a white ceiling with stucco molding and a dark floor. Calm saturated shades of green and blue are also acceptable - they are also necessarily combined with white. An interesting solution for the classic style is an amphilade of rooms made in different colors, however, combined in saturation and warmth.
Columns decorated in antique style are also often used to decorate a room in a classic style.
The Empire style originated in France at the beginning of the 19th century. Some consider it to be the highest development of the classical style: the Empire style also has an antique influence. State-of-the-art and monumental, today it is often used to decorate living rooms and offices.
The Empire style is characterized by rich noble colors and rather contrasting combinations. A combination of red, burgundy, dark blue or emerald green with white and black is considered a classic. Also muted shades of gold, bronze and copper are often used in interior details. The most suitable floor for the Empire style is from precious woods, or inlaid parquet. Its color ranges from brown to amber.
It should be noted that in Russia the Empire style is divided into the classic Empire style and the Russian Empire style. The Russian Empire style is more pompous, and copper-colored furniture made from Karelian birch is very characteristic of it.
Rococo is the direct "heir" of the Baroque, which is why for a layman these two styles often turn out to be extremely similar. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity, we will combine them into one.
Light pastel shades are characteristic of baroque and rococo - combinations of white with blue, yellow, light green, pearl. The design is complemented by stucco molding, carved panels with gilded elements. All this creates a light and at the same time luxurious palace atmosphere. This style looks most advantageous in small semicircular rooms.
If we talk about the differences, the baroque is characterized by more "heavy" and saturated colors - turquoise, wine, gold. Also a feature of this trend are painted ceilings, volumetric walls (currently this is achieved with the help of Venetian plaster) and floors made of expensive materials - for example, marble tiles.
Rococo is a lighter and more airy style, the floor and ceiling are usually decorated without frills, in white and brown colors. This trend is also characterized by interior details that easily change the space - bright screens and large tapestries, often made in oriental style.
It is worth adding that in the interior of a small modern apartment, these styles in their pure form run the risk of looking too pretentious and inappropriate. However, the use of details characteristic of the Baroque and Rococo (for example, screens) will add chic to the setting.
Loft is a modern style that is gaining popularity nowadays. Its peculiarity lies in the use of originally non-residential premises (factories, abandoned attics, etc.), as well as in a harmonious combination of different architectural solutions: for example, a combination of a wall with brickwork, an open ventilation system and modern stylish furniture.
This style is mainly focused on cool natural colors - plastered white walls, brown wood flooring, gray or black furniture. Bright saturated -, red, blue, green - colors are possible in the form of small blotches.
Country, aka rustic style, is very popular not only in the design of country houses, but also in city apartments. Kitchens in this style are especially popular; they look light and cozy even in the darkest time of the year.
Country suggests warm and soft natural colors - various shades of brown, light yellow, light green, blue, sand, olive. Small quantities and colors are also appropriate. Usually, two or three colors are chosen to decorate a room and combine them with each other. There is also an opinion that all primary colors should be combined with.
Hi-tech is a simple, functional and high-tech design. It is rather laconic and does not allow for a wide variety of color variations. The main hi-tech tones are gray, metallic, white and black. They are diluted with pure bright (but not acidic!) Colors - blue, green. The main color is chosen depending on the room: white should be preferred for the bedroom, silver and black for the living room. Transparent decorative elements are also popular in this direction.
Despite the name, which translates as "modern", the Art Nouveau style emerged in the 19th century. Fairytale and fantasy in spirit, it is characterized by floral ornaments and an abundance of carved wood in medium and dark tones. The main brown-beige tone is diluted with soft natural shades of green and.
This style should not be confused with the so-called "modern" style, assuming a variety of colors and design variability.
Minimalism presupposes clarity and fineness of forms, which is emphasized by color. The absolute classic of this style is the black and white interior without any "impurities" of other colors and decor. However, a room decorated exclusively in such tones often looks too cold, uncomfortable and empty. To avoid this, black is replaced or diluted with warm gray or shades of brown. It is also possible a single use of parts or pieces of furniture of other colors - purple, dark red or green, color accents.
Futurism is a laconic and unusual design in the style of a spaceship or "house of the future". It is characterized by unusual forms of furniture (for example, sofas that slide into the wall), transparent glass partitions instead of walls, and a large number of built-in high-tech appliances.
The surface of the floor, walls and ceiling is usually made boiling white, gray or, in extreme cases, beige. Furniture and interior details are made in bright, even acidic colors - lemon yellow, bright orange, fuchsia, ultramarine, light green and the like. A small amount of black is also possible.
The playful and vibrant pin-up style comes from the sixties and is one of the most memorable retro styles. The classic pin-up combination is a combination of light pink and warm. Sometimes the traditional yellow is replaced by pale orange, blue and light green. Also a must-have element of the interior are bright prints on the walls, collages in the pin-up era, curtains with polka dots and an abundance of mirrors in stylized frames.
The French country style is gaining popularity nowadays. White or light gray floors, colorful floral patterns, light curtains, ceramic knick-knacks, ruffles and lace will all come naturally to this style. The characteristic colors for the walls are warm, light, as if faded in the sun tones: milky, light pink, blue, pearl, pale lilac, sandy. Furniture is usually chosen in white or light beige; it is often artificially aged.
Also, sometimes one of the walls is not plastered and painted white so that the brickwork is visible.
And the last tip for all types of design: do not forget that even within the framework of established stylistic and color combinations there is room for experiment and an original approach!
Antique style - an interior that is directly related to the culture of ancient Greece and Rome. Antiquity is an image of a Greek column striving upward, towards light and perfection. The symbolism of the Antique style is obvious and recognizable. First of all, it is the museum nobility of the presented interior. Timeless classics that will never go out of style, endless spatial unity that unites other typical solutions. In order to add a touch of the Antique style to the interior, it is not enough to decorate the room with a portico with two marble columns, it is important that this nuance emanates a sense of nobility and completeness. Antique style is usually very self-sufficient and does not need any decorations.
Vanguard
Avant-garde is a style that rejects classical, traditional canons and creates new modern forms, consonant with the mood prevailing in society. The fundamental style is color and shape, which must contrast with each other. In general, contrast is one of the main features of the Avant-garde style. It should be noted that completely incompatible objects and materials can be combined in this style. The basis of the Avant-garde style is color and form, which certainly adds contrast. The style is distinguished by bright and pure colors such as white, black, red, yellow, green. It is allowed to use several contrasting colors in one room at the same time. It is believed to add dynamism and expression to the interior.
Empire style
This interior style is the highest point, and at the same time the final chord of classicism that emerged in the second half of the 18th century. In the era of the Napoleonic Empire, classicism is reborn into an official, imposed from above style - the Empire style. The essence of this style was frankly expressed already in its very name: empire - from the French "empiere", empire. Quoting the Roman classics, the empire absorbed its characteristic features, combining the features of Ancient Greece and Rome, adding to them ancient Egyptian motives. The style of the interior of the aristocracy, which does not go out of fashion to this day, shines with its luxury and wealth.
Art Deco
Art Deco is the style of the stars, these are rounded, “streamlined” forms of furniture, chrome handles on wooden furniture facades, sculptural compositions of female figures in expressive, almost unnatural poses, and exotic natural materials in decoration - ivory, snake skin, stingray skin or a crocodile. Art Deco is characterized by the use of different elements of interior decor. These are bright, bold, sometimes daring, original color combinations. Art Deco interior design is a group of separately taken stylish items: furniture, ceramics, fabrics, wood or bronze products - the latest chic style of European capitals.
Art Nouveau, Art Nouveau
The slogan is “back to nature.” Characteristic features are a wave-like curved line, combining oriental trends and the desire for constructiveness. The intricately curved lines of the decor visually merge with the elements of the building structure. In the decoration, much attention is paid to a stylized plant pattern, flexible flowing forms, which turned metal structures into bizarre thickets of fantastic flowers. The symbol of the style is the sophisticated form of a cyclamen flower, "water" plants of irises, lilies, and algae. Stylized plant and animal forms with softly curved, movable lines, flat and not shading, due to which they are far from naturalism or historicism - most likely similar to late Gothic forms and Japanese painting.
Baroque
Baroque is a palace style. The eternal youth of the style is simply explained, at all times, elements that emphasize abundance and luxury were in demand. The Baroque style became the embodiment of its era. For the first time in the history of art, Baroque combined two concepts - style and way of life. Sensual-bodily joy of being, tragic conflicts form the basis of beauty and a source of inspiration for style. In interior design, Baroque strives for grandeur, splendor, spatial scope. Excessively lush and abundant in the richness of finishes, the variety of materials used and the style that is complex in execution.
Biedermeier
Biedermeier is an offshoot of romanticism, which replaced the Empire style, therefore it is sometimes called “a mixture of Empire style with romanticism.” Biedermeier style interiors are characterized by intimacy, balanced proportions, simplicity of forms and light colors. The premises were light and airy, which is why the interior was perceived to be moderately simple, but psychologically comfortable. The walls of rooms with deep window niches were painted in white or other light colors, and pasted over with embossed striped wallpaper. The pattern on the window curtains and upholstery was the same. These fabric interior details were colored and contained drawings of flowers.
Victorian style
The British call the Victorian period briefly: “victorianism” and believe that in aesthetics it meant the triumph of pragmatism and materialism, which, incidentally, is generally characteristic of the “English style”. The characteristic features of the Victorian style are eclecticism, combining Gothic, Rococo, exotic and classic. Exotics at that time meant Indian and Chinese styles. In addition, the Victorian style is a combination of unsurpassed quality and old, classic canons.
Gothic
Gothic is mainly an architectural style, but in interior design it is also characterized by very significant differences from other styles, its own and incomparable "face": huge windows, multicolored stained-glass windows, lighting effects. Giant openwork towers, emphasized verticality of all structural elements. Characteristic elements in the design of interiors are slender columns, complex forms of vaults, openwork ornaments, rose-shaped windows and pointed vaults, window panes in a lead frame, of convex glass, but without curtains. surpassing all existing Gothic designs overcome the bulkiness of stone. As a result, irrationalism, dematerialization, striving upward, mysticism, lightness, expressiveness can be considered the main features.
Constructivism
Constructivism in the interior is characterized by the aesthetics of expediency, the rationality of strictly utilitarian forms, cleared of the romantic decorativeism of modernity. Furniture of simple, strict, comfortable forms is created. The function and purpose of each item are very clear. No bourgeois excesses. Simplicity is taken to the limit, to such a simplification, when things - chairs, beds, wardrobes - become just objects for sleeping, sitting. A distinctive feature of the Constructivist Style in interior design is thoughtful functional solutions and strict adherence to their requirements, compact volumes with a clearly identified frame, technical clarity of building an architectural form.
Classicism
Classicism is a palace style created specifically for the decoration of palace premises and chambers of noble people. The main feature of the architecture of classicism was the appeal to the forms of ancient architecture as a standard of harmony, simplicity, rigor, logical clarity and monumentality. Classicism is characterized by clear geometric shapes, restrained decor and expensive, high-quality materials (natural wood, stone, silk, etc.). The most common decorations are sculptures and stucco molding. Monumental refinement, majesty, solidity, decoration in noble colors - these are the signs by which the classic style of the interior is recognized.
Neoclassicism
Neoclassicism, as an aesthetic trend and architectural style, is determined by the appeal to antiquity, which it took from the classicism that preceded it. In a word, neoclassicism is a modern completion of classicism at that time. Distinctive features of neoclassicism are elegance, lightness, and straightforwardness. Neoclassicism is the antithesis of the Art Nouveau style, which was too rich in decorative elements.
Mannerism
Mannerist art as a whole is characterized by the primacy of form over content. Refined technique, virtuosity of manner, demonstration of skill does not correspond to the paucity of design, secondary and imitative ideas. Mannerism is positioned as a transitional style from classical massive, monumental forms in the decor of Renaissance interiors to a new style that promotes pomp and grandeur, luxury and pathos - style of Baroque. Mannerism is characterized by: elongation of figures, tension of poses (contropost), unusual or bizarre effects associated with size, lighting or perspective, and bright colors.
Modern
Distinctive features of the Modern style are: the rejection of straight lines and angles in favor of more natural, "natural" lines, interest in new technologies (especially in architecture), the flourishing of applied art. The Modern style seeks to combine the artistic and utilitarian functions of the created works, involving all spheres of human activity in the sphere of beauty. The main principle of the Modern style is dynamic balance embodied in streamlined flexible forms. Modern furniture is simple and functional. Cabinet furniture for various purposes - wardrobes, dressers, shelves - could be rectangular, but with the obligatory "aesthetics": matte glazing, elegant fittings. There was also a hint of curved lines in the curves of the armrests and the drawing of the legs of upholstered furniture, often the frames repeated the interlacing of plant branches, the shapes of the bodies of animals or insects. The finishing materials of the decor - wallpaper, textiles, were generously decorated with images of stylized flowers, leaves, birds, insects.
Renaissance
The characteristic features of the Renaissance interior are large rooms with rounded arches, carved wood trim, intrinsic value and the relative independence of each individual detail from which the whole is assembled. Deep perspective, proportionality, harmony of forms are mandatory requirements of the Renaissance aesthetics. The nature of the interior space is largely determined by the vaulted ceilings, the smooth lines of which are repeated in numerous semicircular niches. The Renaissance color scheme is soft, the halftones pass into each other, no contrasts, complete harmony. Nothing catches your eye.
Roman style
The main elements of the Romanesque style: relief plane, laconicism and simplicity; colors: brown, red, green, white, gray, black; barrel, semicircular, straight, horizontal and vertical lines; rectangular and cylindrical shapes; semicircular frieze, repeating geometric or floral pattern ; halls with open ceiling beams and supports in the center; stone, massive, thick-walled structures; castle and knightly themes - torches, armor, coats of arms, battles, weapons.
Rococo
Rococo is a refined and sophisticated style of the early eighteenth century. The characteristic features of the Rococo style interior are sophistication, a large decorative load of interiors and compositions, graceful ornament, great attention to mythology, erotic situations, comfort, the creation of an illusory world filled with an atmosphere of warmth, coziness, comfort and grace. The color of the Rococo interior is dominated by gentle pastel colors. The most popular color combinations are white with blue, green or pink, and, of course, gold. Movable screens appear in interiors that visually change the space; tapestries with images of flowers, pagodas, people in Chinese clothes; famous Chinese porcelain, exquisite orchids, slender trees, aquarium fish, as well as fine lacquered furniture by Chinese craftsmen, as if created for Rococo.
Eclecticism
Eclecticism in the interior is a combination of furniture of two or three different styles, united by color, texture, architectural solution. This style absorbs all the best features and details of various styles and together create a holistic and harmonious picture. The eclectic style is often called the dialogue of several different cultures. Most often, close historical styles are mixed with each other, for example, classicism and empire, baroque and modern. Compositions come out in which things are harmoniously combined in the interior, without contradicting each other.
Expressionism
The very name of the expressionism style suggests an emotional (of course, in a positive sense) interior. The most important thing when creating a style of expressionism in the interior is to impress the people present in the room, and it does not matter whether this impression is positive or negative. Expressionism is characterized by an emphasized emotional expressiveness of the composition, sometimes achieved due to the sharpness, grotesque, deliberate deformation of the usual architectural forms, or even abandoning them with the formation of a composition on the principles of sculpture.
English style
Traditional English style is an eclecticism of “aromas” of different eras, which today we perceive as classics. The main principle of the English interior is rich and restrained. If we take moderate luxury on the verge of sophistication, a sense of taste and measure, we get a pure English style. The English style in the interior can be characterized by such concepts as respectability and luxury, in a word it is the classic style of the interior with the addition of luxury. This style resembles the castles of the English aristocrats - noble, majestic. As a memory of the colonial past - in some places there are shades of Indian and Chinese styles.
African style
African style in the interior is dynamic and energetic, it is not intended to create an atmosphere of peace. It turns on, gives strength and energy. Currently, the African style is one of the most popular and sought-after ethnic styles. The main distinguishing characteristics of the African style are impulsiveness, mystery, as well as childlike spontaneity and simplicity. In other words, all these qualities create a contrast with the high-tech style, which is distinguished by rationality and urbanism, and other styles that imply solidity and patriarchy.
East style
The oriental style interior includes several main components: Japanese interior, Indian interior, Chinese interior. All these interiors belong to the East. However, there are stylistic features that unite each direction of design of oriental interiors: materials - wood, bamboo, reed, metal, silk - any natural material; colors - rich bright or natural, multicolor; forms - fluid, like desert sands or a river, simplicity combined with pretentiousness; decoration - inlays, carving, varnish. Complex techniques, intricate ornaments, an abundance of decorations.
Egyptian style
Egyptian style in the interior is, first of all, the interior of the pharaohs and high priests, a sense of the wealth and luxury of an ancient civilization. The interior of houses in the Egyptian style is rich and colorful. Luxurious columns support the ceiling, frescoes decorate the walls, carpets and curtains complete the interior decoration. Egyptian style, calm symmetry and strict geometry, natural wood furniture of simple open designs, chest-bench veneered with cedar or ebony, inlaid with stones and mother-of-pearl. A reed mat on the floor, a figurine of a cat and a bust of Nefertiti, hookahs. Artistic images, despite the sacred attitude towards them, are highly stylized and symbolic. Legs of furniture in the shape of animal paws.
Indian style
Indian style is a combination of luxury, gold, sophistication and delicate taste with asceticism, modesty, simplicity of lines and forms. A cocktail of ornaments, flowers, patterns and textures, magnificent carved and inlaid furniture reflect the Indian style. The Indian style is turquoise, crimson, orange colors, which are completely unique in their kind. Indian silk to the touch is not as smooth and slippery as Chinese, a little rough. The furniture in Indian houses is low, hand-cut from a very durable teak wood. Sofas and beds should be soft and comfortable, inviting to sleep. Three or four pieces of furniture are quite enough for the basis of an interior in Indian style, but they must be matched in color. A characteristic feature is an easy transformation of the details of the house: chairs and tables, screens, shutters and doors often "change roles". Characteristic materials: wood - teak , ivory, mother-of-pearl, silver, brass, forged metal, feathers. Techniques: enamel, forging, embossing, carving, inlay.
Chinese style
The main elements of the Chinese style: sharp, straight lines, sharp angles, clear polygonal shapes are undesirable; the shape of the furniture remains unchanged for centuries and is important in the interior no less than the harmonious arrangement of all elements: black lacquered furniture is a "classic" of Chinese furniture production, for decorations are very often used carving on black lacquer, as well as gilding of individual pieces of furniture; key materials are bamboo, silk and an abundance of draperies, and in addition, ceramics - vases, statues, dishes; great attention in the Chinese interior is paid to color - the combination of colors and semantic the load of each hotel is characterized by a bright color scheme: red, black, blue, yellow, green, etc.; traditional Chinese decor: calligraphy, lacquer paintings, sculptural decorations made of natural stone and famous Chinese porcelain, natural Chinese carpets with a characteristic pattern.
Colonial style
The colonial-style interior carries an incredible amount of exoticism so beloved by modern people; mainly furniture and decor items. The colonial style is Asian walnut, reddish Chinese, rubber and tulip trees, yew and rattan palm - this is an incomplete list of species that are used in order to more accurately convey the colonial style in interior design. Colonial style is emphasized by sturdy rattan furniture that can withstand any climatic conditions. The colonial style makes the water hyacinth wicker furniture stand out tremendously, which gives it strength and durability. Bamboo furniture is a colonial style, but it is very rarely found in its pure form, mainly reeds are combined with leather or rattan.
Moroccan style
The Moroccan style in interior design, in addition to the architectural and spatial solution, emphasizes the contrast of blue-turquoise colors and the range of terracotta (traditional colors of natural pigments of the city of Marrakech), as well as an abundance of oriental elements of interior decor: handmade carpets, brass jugs, water bottles, furniture in oriental style, metal cut-through lamps from Morocco. Characteristic features - the finest wood carvings, stucco and mosaic from ceramic tiles, an abundance of carpets and other original textiles. The main emphasis is the widespread use of African ornaments.
Mexican style
The style of Mexican architecture is inextricably linked with nature. Just as the very popular bright red pigment here is made from oil and local clay. The characteristic palette is strong and bright colors borrowed from the sky, the moon and the sun, as well as the colors of various plants, trees, flowers.In Mexican architecture, flora plays an important role: shady palms create whimsical ornaments of shadows and the grace of tones. only on the facade of the building, but also in the interior. Fine fabrics, pottery, exquisite furniture made by local craftsmen are rich in color, rich in texture and varied, as varied as the palette of colors of the local flora. The combinations of colors typical for Mexico (pink and orange, blue and green) seem to hurt the eye, but are closely related to the drama of the general architectural design.
Provence
Provence is one of the most organic and authentic styles. That is, such an interior looks good at home, without breaking away from the national soil. The basis of the Provencal style is slightly worn surfaces, old furniture, uneven plastered walls, faded fabrics, that is, a general feeling of poverty and inconspicuousness. The Provencal interior does not tolerate anything "too much" and nothing pretentious, the effect is achieved by a pair of correct items - a wicker chair or a wrought-iron candlestick against the background of a bright wall. The Provence style is good primarily in a country house, since it requires space and roughly plastered walls.
Scandinavian style
Laconicism and beauty of forms, the use of natural materials, comfort and functionality - these are the main components of the Scandinavian style, which is gaining more and more popularity. It is characterized by light, thin and graceful details of structures made of multilayer trees. The Scandinavian style has absorbed such features as restraint and some severity. Therefore, interiors in the Scandinavian style contain a minimum of decor and are made in light natural colors from simple and natural materials, but at the same time you cannot deny the originality of this style. In the Scandinavian style, we find calm and orderliness. The general color of the interiors is light, as it were, watercolors, with a large number of warm tones: yellow, milky white, light terracotta. All furniture of this style is made of natural wood. Usually these are light deciduous species, less often spruce or pine. The naturalness of the material is also conveyed to the shape of the interior items.
Mediterranean style
The Mediterranean style is close to anyone who has visited warm European countries at least once and is familiar with the romantic atmosphere. Congestion and pathos are alien to the Mediterranean style. Mediterranean-inspired interiors are built around a relaxed mix of antique marble fittings with ceramics, wrought-iron furnishings and exposed, brightly colored wood. Typical fruit motifs, white and blue checks in textiles and decor with a nautical theme complete the atmosphere. Primary colors: muted "earth colors", white, grayish black, earthy and blue tones. No luxury - simplicity and practicality. Interiors in Mediterranean style reflect the proximity of the inhabitants to the sea and the lush vegetation of the coast; they have a lot of wood, cotton, ceramics and other natural materials.The style has a lot in common with English country, so it perfectly takes root in an old building, and in any modern private house.
Japanese style
The popularity of the Japanese style in the interior has earned its functionality, elegance and singularity of style solutions. Japanese-style interior design is closely related to natural materials, colors and compositions. The best continuation of such an interior is a natural landscape. Japanese style is distinguished by impeccable color combinations and laconic forms. This is a minimalist and decorative style in which nothing overloads the attention, the space is structured calmly and clearly. In a geographically small, overpopulated country, space is especially valued, which is why the interior arrangement of the premises minimizes furniture and other familiar attributes of the house in order to compensate for its deficit. The Japanese have a special relationship with nature, so the Japanese style is associated with natural colors, mainly in light colors: shades of beige, white, cream, milky. Restrained light colors are typical for Japanese furniture. The surface of furniture and walls is smooth, textured. The fabrics are also cream and white, mostly natural: cotton and silk. In the Land of the Rising Sun, the resting place is located in the center of the room.
Bungalow
The art of bungalow-style décor is often associated with the tradition of decorating classic American bungalows. Functionality and space are the most important in these cozy, low-ceilinged houses, with a bungalow-style home featuring a large porch and shared backyard. The bungalows are decorated with natural local materials and natural colors. The missionary style has greatly influenced the design of the bungalow. The bungalow's interior is dominated by graceful rustic décor.
Grunge
There is neither pretentious luxury nor deliberate rural negligence in such an interior. The basis of grunge is classic, but without lush baroque vignettes and coldish architectural classicism. Furniture in this style is, rather, a prototype of real classics, a neat copy, deliberately devoid of complex carving and decor. A light imprint of time on objects, slightly tarnished metal on the fittings, full-time teak furniture (glazed cabinets, shelves, consoles), comfortable soft sofas and armchairs on round wooden legs, family portraits on the walls - it's all grunge.
Country
The main features of country as an interior style are simplicity, the absence of pretentious decorations and, as a result, high functionality. It should also be noted that the country style is characterized by coziness, comfort and a share of romanticism. In addition, country music helps to improve mood and adjusts to pleasant spending free time, especially with family, friends and acquaintances. Country style harmoniously combines rustic simplicity and flavor of different countries. The interior, made in the Country style, is an image of a rural house in the style of the country in which it is located, as well as the taste preferences of the owner of the room himself. Distinctive features of the Country style can be called decor elements: in America, a Country style interior needs a cowboy hanging on the wall. hat, in Europe - a clay figurine of a gnome, in Ukraine - something else, something that will make you feel a measured village life.
Kitsch
Kitsch is the collective name for some of the Post-modernist movements, such as Memphis, that exploit the potential of bad taste and the charm of sentimental mass-market crafts. This is an anti-design game that arose as a protest movement in interior fashion for those who are ready to take their environment not too seriously. The definition of "kitsch interior" appeared relatively recently and it means a newfangled category of interiors. The main stylistic idea of \u200b\u200bkitsch is a mockery of history and artistic traditions, tastes and styles. This is a kind of nihilism in architecture, denying all of its previous achievements. When blatant bad taste becomes the principle of choice, and the striking inconsistency of colors and interior items becomes its main distinguishing feature. For example, gilded stucco moldings along the cornice, large shiny stars on the bright blue ceiling, tubs with palm trees symmetrically on the walls, and the floor is paved with ceramic tiles with oriental motifs.
Contemporary
Contemporary is an interior style in which it is difficult to recognize one or another style. Contemporary interiors cannot be attributed to traditional styles citing historical eras, but at the same time they meet modern requirements for comfort, simplicity, functionality and accessibility. Italians call it "modern" for its commitment to new ideas and technologies. Contemporari is a massive and affordable style. It is suitable for everyone who prefers simplicity, convenience, practicality and likes to change the environment in whole or in part every 5-7 years. It is close and understandable to the majority, quite simple to execute. The main principle of Contemporary is convenience, simplicity, functionality and accessibility. The peculiarity of Contemporary is that, as a rule, it manifested itself in the interior spontaneously, and not as a result of a well-thought-out design idea. Hence its eclecticism and "vitality".
Loft
The loft is a quintessentially American phenomenon, and in the early days a loft meant an open-plan apartment in a building that was originally an industrial building - such as a factory or warehouse. Since open spaces, high ceilings, wide windows and industrial features such as exposed beams or unfinished brick walls or even cement floors are inherent in this building, they are typical characteristics of a loft. The basic principle of the loft is a huge open space, which has more than one hundred square meters, and sometimes exceeds a thousand. Entering such a room, you can see its opposite corner, since usually only the bedroom, bathrooms and utility rooms are isolated. The space serves as a backdrop for the original decoration, which is usually dominated by metal, glass and plastic. The walls are as simple as possible, no frills. In addition, the details inherited from the past life of the building give particular value to the loft: pipes, ventilation not hidden in the walls, walls without rough brick finishing.
Minimalism
Minimalism (eng. Minimalism from lat. Minimus - the smallest) is a style in design characterized by laconic expressive means, simplicity, precision and clarity of composition. Rejecting classical techniques and traditional art materials, minimalists use industrial and natural materials with simple geometric shapes, neutral colors (black, gray) and small volumes. The origins of minimalism lie in constructivism and functionalism. The creation of an interior in the style of minimalism implies: Spatial freedom: a small amount of furniture and accessories. Zoning of space, multi-level lighting. The color palette is light, based on the play of halftones, a lot of white, graphically emphasized by black or gray. The palette is complemented by the natural tones of wood, brick, metal, the shine of glass. Simple natural finishing materials, often untreated, with a rough texture: brick, concrete, wood or plaster. Simple shapes and lines, almost no decor on windows and walls. Geometry of figures: circle , rectangle, straight, soft bend (no spirals)
OntoArt
OntoArt is a trend in art that originated in Italy, a characteristic feature of which is the search for new artistic forms. Once having seen, the viewer will definitely recognize the style of OntoArt - in paintings, clothes, interior items, architecture. Unusual, of course, memorable and recognizable style. Bright spots on the canvas, peering into which, at some point you see a certain image, behind it meaning. This is a game where the viewer becomes a direct participant in art. The concept of OntoArt art is life-affirming, pure and sincere, designed to awaken the soul of every person, to help them find and comprehend their own place in the world around us. This Art affirms and exalts everything healthy and correct, corresponding to the order of nature.
Pop Art
Pop Art is created to amaze people with its designs. In interior design, pop art looks unusual, expressive, contrasting, bright. The main features of pop art: rainbow colors, catchy shapes, the use of plastic, repetitive elements. Pop art openly challenged the principles of "good design", denied modernity and its values. Pop art raised ordinary household items from the everyday world around us and images of people to the rank of a work of art. Then he mixed all this with a bright color or a bizarre form and used it as a work of art. Pop art shows itself as an emotional and energetic style, as an explosion of emotions.
Postmodernism
On the one hand, Postmodernism is the further development of modernism, and on the other hand, it is critical and even its exclusivity in its manifestations. Although at the same time, art is considered to be quite established. Distinctive features of postmodernism are: the use of ready-made forms, marginality, irony, synthetics and fusion of the old in a new context. The main features of the Postmodernism style: color: beige, silver, metallic, pearlescent, fluorescent; lines: dynamic, free; forms: rational and free; symmetrical and asymmetrical; transforms; large, spacious halls; light, original designs; contrasting textured and textured combinations. The use of artificial leather, nickel-plated and chrome-plated materials; designs: unified prefabricated and collapsible; logical and reasonable; lightweight aluminum and traditional reinforced concrete; arched, beamed and cable-stayed; windows: spacious, sometimes the entire wall; sliding, folding, hinged and swing; doors: telescopic, sliding, folded, swinging, balancing, rotating, etc.
Techno
Techno (English Techno) - strict, and even cold, style, which is characterized by clear geometric lines, metal furniture, glass, stone walls. Such a room has a neglected, but, at the same time, thoughtful look. There is no place for coziness here. Techno-style interiors create the feeling of a man-made disaster and are more similar to interiors of industrial premises and garages. Techno-style interiors are characterized by a large amount of metal and plastic, spiral staircases, walls with a rough texture, heavy metal doors. such architecture and interiors: according to the design of the designers, a feeling of a man-made disaster is created in them, in which a piece of an irregularly shaped brick wall with protruding reinforcement “cuts” into the glass and metal of the interior decoration. Full explosion sensation.
Fusion
Fusion (from English fusion - mixing, merging) - mixing different styles and directions in one interior design. Fusion - a style that allows you to place anything in the space and at the same time create harmonious connections between different objects and elements. Fusion does not sweep away the old traditions, but coexists with them, as it were, in parallel worlds, creating its own rules. This direction, in fact, opposes itself to minimalism - and brings us closer to a complex and expressive "maximalism". Uninhibited "hooligan chic" is in fashion - a style that develops the logic of collage and borrows any elements. The main principle of the fusion style is freedom of color and material. The main condition of the fusion style is that the forms, color and content of the designed interior - everything that will later become its "filling": finishing materials, furniture, decorative elements, should be stages to merge into a whole organic living space.
High tech
High-tech is a style of the late twentieth century, the main features of which are the maximum functional use of space and restrained decor. The style is characterized by swift, straight lines, an abundance of glass and metal details. Hi-tech can be attributed to ultra-modern styles, it uses structures typical of industrial buildings. Mobile partitions are widely used, capable of closing and opening, which allows you to change the layout. Technological design is everywhere: ceilings, walls, floors, stairs, windows, doors. Materials - glass, metal, natural wood. The shapes and proportions of the furniture are carefully thought out. The complete absence of decorations is compensated by the “work” of the material: the play of light on the glass, the shine of chrome and metal surfaces, wood varnish, etc.
Shabby chic
Shabby-chic (English shabby - shabby, shabby) - the name of the style in the interior, decor, fashion. The name itself can literally be translated as “shabby shine” or “shabby chic”, which reflects its essence. This is a very young style, born in the late 80s of the twentieth century. Its author is Rachel Ashwell. General characteristic of Shabby chic style The essence of the style is that furniture, interior items are artificially aged. Shabby Chic - Shabby Chic. Items can be both old and new, painted mainly in light pastel colors and worn in places, with delicate roses or birds, or even without drawings, a lot of delicate textiles, napkins, pillows, bedspreads, covers for chairs and armchairs.
Eco style
Eco style (Greek eikos - house, habitat) - "ecological" style ", an interior made of natural materials, giving a feeling of freshness and unity with nature. Today it is one of the most demanded modern styles. General characteristic of Eco style Ecological design is an attempt to recreate the natural environment in human habitats. The meaning of eco-design lies in the name itself - an interior made in this vein is in optimal harmony with the environment. It is in the "eco-friendly" room that a person can feel all the advantages of natural materials and really take a break from the stuffy city. Eco style or nature is expressed only through his idea, natural origin, naturalness of materials, colors, correct forms.
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Introduction
1.1 Characteristic features of styles corresponding to the interior theme
1.1.1 Hi-tech
1.1.2 Techno
1.1.3 Minimalism
1.2 Color in interior design
1.2.1 Blue
1.2.2 White
1.2.3 Gray
1.3 Psychology of choosing a style of interior design
Human temperament
Conclusion on chapter 1
2.1 Introductory stage
2.2 Foresketch stage
2.3 Sketch stage
2.4 Design stage
2.5 Presentation stage
Conclusion on chapter 2
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
The influence of the interior of a house or office on a person is difficult to overestimate. Our state of mind and health depend on interior design. Therefore, the task of the designer is to create an interior in which it will be comfortable and pleasant to live or work, to fill it with harmony and coziness.
Relevance of the topic: due to the insufficient development of the system for the integrated organization of the interior by means of decoration. At the moment, techno is on a given theme, there are very few complex interiors. With the modern organization of the interior, its thematic solution is most in demand, but the absence or inconsistency of the system of complex organization of the artistic solution makes it difficult to eliminate this problem.
Research problem: complex solutions for interiors are required, their complete and careful development.
The purpose of this course work: to offer a comprehensive interior design by means of decoration.
Research object: complex interior organization.
Subject of research: a complex organization on the topic of techno by means of decoration.
A hypothesis is put forward - the solution to this problem is possible under the following conditions:
the characteristic features of interior styles corresponding to a given theme have been investigated;
the color scheme for the interior has been clarified;
defined artistic means of expression;
the dependence of the interior style on the psychology of its owner is considered;
the location of art objects is thought out;
the conceptual idea of \u200b\u200bthe interior was put forward;
the optimal draft option was selected;
presentation made. interior decoration color
Based on the goal and hypothesis, it is necessary to solve the following research tasks:
explore the characteristic features of interior styles corresponding to a given theme;
clarify the color scheme of the interior;
define artistic means of expression;
consider the dependence of the style of the interior on the psychology of its owner;
think over the location of art objects;
put forward a conceptual idea of \u200b\u200ban integrated interior organization;
choose the best sketch option;
make a presentation.
Chapter 1. Theoretical substantiation of the complex organization of the interior by means of decoration
1.1 Characteristic features of styles corresponding to the interior theme
When designing a home on our own, we often do not even know what a particular style is called. Let us consider briefly just a few of them that correspond to a given interior theme.
1.1.1 Hi-tech
Modern people do not spend much time at home. Basically, these are those people who value time, convenience, comfort, benefit and look forward to the future with joy. Therefore, for such energetic people, the most suitable interior design for an apartment will be a high-tech interior.
High-tech as an interior style was formed not very long ago - in the sixties of the twentieth century. This is a young style that reflects all modern trends: simplicity, convenience, rationalism, transparency. High-tech does not accept variegation, filling the interior with little things. But this does not mean that the walls of the room should be bare, there should be only blinds on the windows, and there is no place for bright colors in this interior. In the high-tech interior, black and white or color photographs on the walls in metal frames, a pair of glass vases of the correct geometric shape with uncomplicated flowers, an ideally round aquarium with exotic fish, and curtains made of plain fabric will take root on the windows. A large sofa or armchair of red, blue or other color will help to form a "bright spot" of the interior. The main thing is the absence of ornaments on the leather or leatherette of the sofa and pure, bright colors.
The main features of high-tech style are metal and glass, strength and fragility. Glass doors, glass furniture on polished metal legs - this is the high-tech style in the interior. Free, uncluttered space is also a very important condition for high-tech style. And in this free space, glass cabinets and shelves are usually placed, which display their contents for everyone to see. You can also choose frosted or corrugated glass - such material will hide the outlines of small things or old books.
Metal occupies almost the central place in the interior in this style, slightly inferior to glass. A big plus of this material is its strength. Shiny aluminum or steel cabinets, dressers or shelves will give their owner a love of strength, convenience and high technology. Good, high-tech plastics will also fit into high-tech interior design. But on glass furniture, you can put metal decor items.
The furniture in the interior is high-tech minimum, it is functional and practical. The proportions of the furniture should be carefully thought out, the designs are light, the shapes are clear and geometric. Leatherette, plastic, polished metal are used as materials. Most of the hardware is silver and shiny. High-tech appliances - built-in, chairs - always with metal legs and backs.
Walls, ceiling and floor should only be neutral. When decorating walls, it is better to give preference to paint - wallpaper is not as technological and convenient as the high-tech interior requires. It is better to leave the ceiling white or make the stretch ceiling the same color as the walls. The floor is the only place where wood can be used. Parquet, laminate or wood imitation materials. Often high-tech tiles are used that imitate metal, sometimes a rough stone or just with a cold sheen.
Light plays an important role in high-tech interior design - it's not for nothing that there are so many glass objects that let light through. Large windows let in a lot of natural light, and in the evening you need to create artificial lighting. Round matte shades that scatter cold light, small cube-shaped sconces that give bright light and resemble stars will look organic on walls and ceilings. String lights or small spotlights will look great as well.
Typical colors: gray, bleached gray, metallic, white, black, sometimes beige or coffee, combining them with one or two saturated colors. Color matching is always straightforward, in the spirit of cubism. You can use a combination of one bright color with a pastel color from the same range.
When creating an interior, it is important to remember two conditions - the simplicity of geometric shapes and the absence of variegation, the purity of neutral or bright colors. Thus, the high-tech interior style guarantees its owner convenience, lightness and comfort! This style in the interior, as a rule, finds its admirers among residents of large cities, since it is very urbanistic.
High-tech style is the style of high technologies, technical innovations, the style appears before us as a reflection of the future, completely forgetting the classic images of interior and architecture.
Techno (English Techno) - strict, and even cold, style, which is characterized by clear geometric lines, metal furniture, glass, stone walls. Such a room has a neglected, but, at the same time, thoughtful look.
The architecture of buildings and interiors is closely intertwined with elements of technical progress. Communications, which are usually tried to hide, are a continuation of the decor. Pipes and wires are painted in bright colors, and sometimes they are covered with glass partitions. The techno-style interiors create a sense of a man-made disaster and are more like the interiors of industrial premises and garages.
Techno style, which arose in the 80s of the last century, as a kind of ironic response to the bright prospects of industrialization and the domination of technological progress, proclaimed at its beginning. The rapid development of information technologies, their intrusion into everyday life, entailed a significant change in everyday life and residential interiors. This is how the techno style was born in the atmosphere of a kind of revaluation of values. This style, recognizing the aesthetics of technology in architecture and interiors, balances on the edge, beyond which the downside is revealed - almost ugliness. And in this reversibility, the maximum expressiveness characteristic of him is achieved. The fashion for techno in the interior reached its peak in the early 90s. Then the main canons of the style were considered the maximum resemblance to the working space and the minimum to the living space. Grotesque furniture, futuristic lighting, rough, in places flaky plaster or rough wall surfaces have moved from the category of flaws to decoration. All sorts of technical details became a subject of special pride, pipes of communication systems were paraded, colorful wires and cables were not only not tried to disguise - their presence was emphasized in every possible way. The newest models of TVs and music centers smashed to smithereens all sorts of thoughts about the poverty of the owners, who climbed into their heads at the first glance at the squalid environment. Today the techno style has a lot in common with minimalism, the ideas of oriental designers and the same high-tech. If you look closely, they borrowed a lot from each other. Carelessness has become more meaningful, now it is associated more with artistic disorder than neglect.
Features of the Techno style: a large amount of metal and plastic, spiral staircases, walls with a rough texture, heavy metal doors. In such interiors, as conceived by the designers, a feeling of a man-made disaster is created, in which a piece of an irregularly shaped brick wall with protruding reinforcement "cuts" into the glass and metal of the interior decoration. Techno-style residential interiors are associated with items from repair hangars and factory halls, train stations and warehouses. For interiors of this style, open floor beams with lighting fixtures, mezzanines in the form of platforms are typical.
The furniture resembles that of working locker rooms: steel wardrobes that mimic safes, but with stylish perforated door panels. Cabinets in the form of stacked metal containers are very popular. In general, corrugated and perforated metal sheets are widely used in techno style furniture, open shelves, partitions and other elements. Chairs made of bent pipes or sheet metal, stools resembling a moon rover are all techno style. Upholstered furniture is also present, since it is still more comfortable to sit on the sofa than on a metal chair. Sofas and armchairs have synthetic removable covers with pockets for remote controls, newspapers, etc.
Lighting devices are an important part of the interior, where techno is most fully and diversely manifested. Home luminaires with their open fittings resemble professional equipment with long wires, tripods and hinges.
Popular colors: gray, burgundy, khaki, metallic, “camel” (dirty red).
Techno is a style with a special psychology of life. It is not often used in residential premises, but it is very popular in disco clubs, restaurants, etc. Techno combines all the possibilities of modern technologies and a special atmosphere of light presentation, sometimes even at the expense of functionality. The decoration always contains metal and glass. A style that has absorbed all the brightness and extreme brilliance of the 80s. Such interiors are very loved by people who are young in age or state of mind. This is a kind of denial of warm comfort and perfect order.
1.1.3 Minimalism
Minimalism (lat. Minimus - the smallest) is a design style characterized by conciseness, simplicity, precision and clarity of composition. With the help of simple forms, as well as functional objects, Europe tried to supplant the modern style, characterized by romance, ornateness and spirituality. Romanticism is being replaced by functionalism, they begin to value the properties of an object, and not its aesthetic qualities. Minimalism is the brightest and most controversial style of the second half of the 20th century. One of the most popular ethnic varieties of minimalism is Japanese minimalism.
The minimalism style is characterized by simplicity of forms and texture, monotony, almost no decorative elements, a spacious interior with a minimum of furniture. The layout often does not imply division into rooms; zonal decoration or furniture plays the role of dividers.
Minimalism is reflected in both the amount of furniture and its decorative elements. The furniture is modern and simple in its lines and shapes. The upholstery is monochromatic with rare contrasting "spots" - pillows, for example. Materials in minimalism: steel, chrome plating, frosted glass, natural wood, aluminum profiles, leather. Built-in furniture will be the best solution. Glass shelves, tables, shelving and other items also expand the space through transparency.
Minimalist walls are best painted or covered with textured plaster with a simple pattern. Also, in the minimalism design style, textured plain wallpaper without a pattern is used. Another option would be large-format glossy single-color tiles. For additional play with light in the interior of minimalism, multilevel ceilings are used. The floor is made of materials that are easy to maintain - wood, linoleum or tiles. In any of the options, there is monotony, for parquet, simplicity of texture, light wood. To add bright colors in a minimalist style, use a rug with a large pile.
There are practically no decor items in the minimalism style. The interior is revived due to a few expressive details that contrast with the general background. They use modern paintings in simple frames, floor vases, flowers or dried flowers, ceramics, glass, metal.
Functionality is the main property of minimalism design, thanks to which it is not only possible, but also convenient to live in a minimalist interior. Little does not mean uncomfortable, all pieces of furniture, appliances, decor, should remain practical and comfortable for life.
The color palette of minimalist design is light, based on the play of halftones, a lot of white, often in contrast with black or gray, less often beige or brown. The palette is complemented by natural tones of wood, brick, metal, glass shine.
The minimalism style is more than popular, captivating with its functionality and inner freedom, in the spirit of a modern and energetic personality. The genre of minimalism is strict and requires an impeccable sense of proportion and style, without forgiving mistakes and fuss. Minimalism needs space. In rooms large in area and height, it looks laconic and more natural. The most important thing when creating an interior in the style of minimalism is a well-planned space, in which there is a lot of diffused, calm light.
1.2 Color in interior design
An important factor in interior design is the choice of color. Well-being, mood, and personal life depend on him. All color shades can be roughly divided into two groups: warm (from yellow to red-violet) and cold (from purple to yellow-green). Rooms painted in warm colors look warm and inviting, but smaller in size. The colors of the cold range are called removing, because when using them, the room looks more spacious. The color design of a home has a significant impact on mood and performance. In the same room, depending on its color, you can experience a feeling of comfort or discomfort.
For a techno interior with high-tech style elements, which was chosen in this course work, colors from a cold range will be more appropriate. For example, gray, bleached gray, metallic, white, black, gray-blue. Let's consider the influence of these particular colors on the state of mind of a person.
1.2.1 Blue
Blue is everyone's favorite. Studies show that designers in all countries use blue and cyan a lot. All over the world, blue is associated with the sky, sea, jeans - in a word, with everything reliable and trustworthy. In the era of the digital revolution and the rapid development of technology, which the mass human mind does not keep up with, it is completely understandable why people so need the peace and tranquility that blue carries with it.
Most people perceive dark blue as the color of reliability, authority, classicism, conservatism, strength, trust, tradition, confidence, professionalism, calmness, firmness. Sky blue color is associated with peace, purity, coolness, humidity, heaven, sea, peace, relaxation, constancy, freshness, happiness, faith and truth. Blue-green tones are perceived as refined, cold, expensive, pleasant, rich and unique.
People who choose blue shades strive for harmony and tranquility, conservatives, restrained, strive for perfection. For energetic people, blue is less suitable, since in the subconscious it is perceived for them as a symbol of melancholy and depression.
1.2.2 White
Naturally, in one form or another, white is present in almost every room in our house. Consumer research shows that people choose it not because of a passionate love for it, but simply because it is safe and neutral. However, pure white is by no means neutral. White is too bright for the human eye. White walls impair vision and are annoying and tiring. Yes, they increase the illumination of the room by 5%, but at the same time reduce labor productivity by 25%.
The white period in design lasted from the 20s to the 30s. Lacquered furniture in the Art Nouveau style, white wallpapers, cream upholstery fabrics appeared. white furniture is a sign of influence, wealth and abundance. Today, residents of large cities prefer white, so that at least at home they can take a break from polluted air and gloomy streets. Modern technology has also made white more practical. Of all paints, white remains the most demanded.
1.2.3 Gray
In the true sense of the word, neutral gray is not a real color. This is just a slightly animated "achromatic" - a shade devoid of color. Gray is diluted black. Shades of gray can range from charcoal to light pearl.
Many monastic orders use gray as a symbol of detachment and self-absorption. Emperor Charlemagne, by his decree, ordered ordinary people to dress in gray. Grisal is a decorative painting technique widely used in painting. It symbolizes humility and is used to depict biblical stories. Gray is serious and is consciously associated with steady patience.
The darkest tones of gray evoke the same ambivalence as black. They talk about power, sadness, sophistication, severity, suppression of feelings and despondency. Charcoal gray is as gloomy as black. Gray color in some way reminds of twilight and moonlight, of the moment when the day tends to evening, of fog, cobwebs and ghosts, of morning haze.
The gray color symbolizes strength and longevity. Modern cities are also predominantly sulfur - we are surrounded by concrete, asphalt and silvery aluminum. Due to the prevailing consumer attitude towards gray, designers and architects use this neutral shade to give buildings and interiors a high-tech touch to make them classic and durable.
Gray is the color of intelligence. He is thoughtful, contemplative, associated with truth, knowledge and wisdom. Medium shades of gray have reliability, dignity, subtlety, conservatism. Light gray, close to white, looks innocent and fragile. It is not surprising that people do not like bright, explosive, cheerful gray. The nature of this color depends on many reasons. He ages nobly, because he is not subject to fashion changes, he rarely looks out of place. This is a calm, noble, discreet color.
So, as we have determined from sources, a calm and brooding mood is usually associated with blues, blues and greens, creating a gentle harmony with a slight presence of warmth. These shades create a peaceful, soothing atmosphere associated with sea and sky. Therefore, the most suitable shade for techno interior decoration will be dark gray with blueness.
Psychology of choosing the style of interior design. Human temperament
The choice of style largely depends on the person's temperament. The division of people by temperament dates back to ancient times. The first mention of temperament comes from Ancient Greece. The ancient Greek philosopher and physician Hippocrates (V - TV century BC) said that there are four main juices in the human body: blood, lymph, yellow and black bile.
Any style of modern interior can become close to a sanguine person, as long as it carries a lot of light, color and creates a feeling of spaciousness. The warm range of all shades of yellow and brown gives the sanguine person energy and self-confidence. Moreover, among the colors, sunny shades should dominate. Among the materials used in interior design, sanguine people prefer glass and mirrors. These materials perform two main functions: firstly, they allow them to admire themselves, and secondly, they visually increase the space of the apartment. Sanguine people do not like to overload the interior with furniture, but on the contrary, they strive to create large, bright spaces. Many cozy corners in the house are not for the sanguine person, he prefers one zone, made in the same style.
Phlegmatic people feel comfortable in a warm and cozy nest. They will prefer classic trends to ultra-modern styles. They give preference to light fresh colors; they, like sanguine people, value open spaces. The furniture in their home is usually soft, very comfortable, and they also love carpets.
Choleric people tend to mix styles in the interior. They can afford extravagance in the design of an apartment, but, as a rule, they do not dwell on one design solution for a long time, their nature requires constant changes. For people of this temperament, in general, the most preferable color range is dominated by blue and its various shades. This color, being "cold", is capable of both calming and maintaining the active tone of the choleric person. The surging energy of this psychological type requires a lot of space. Therefore, choleric people, as a rule, give preference to modern styles: minimalism, hi-tech, which are characterized by simple forms, maximum functionality and a minimum of interior details.
Melancholic people should take seriously the design of their apartment. Due to the increased emotional sensitivity, they simply need to create a calm and quiet corner in their home, where they would feel as safe as possible. Moreover, there can be a lot of such corner zones in their house. Large spaces make you feel uncomfortable. They are suitable for soft diffused light, furniture of rounded shapes, without right angles. Melancholic people prefer light colors: various shades of yellow and brown. The materials they use in the design give a feeling of lightness and airiness: this applies to both fabrics and glass, wood, plastic, etc. When creating a design, it is very important to consider the color, light and materials used to match your temperament.
Conclusion on chapter 1
Hi-tech style is the style of high technologies, technical innovations, the style of reflecting the future. Color matching is always straightforward, in the spirit of cubism. You can use a combination of one bright color with a pastel color from the same range. The high-tech style is distinguished by the simplicity of geometric shapes and the absence of variegation, the purity of neutral or bright colors.
Techno combines all the possibilities of modern technology and a special atmosphere of light presentation, sometimes even at the expense of functionality. The decoration always contains metal and glass. Communications are a continuation of the decor: pipes and wires are painted in bright colors, and sometimes they are covered with glass partitions. Techno interiors are similar to industrial interiors.
Minimalism The main property of this style is functionality. characterized by conciseness, simplicity of shapes and textures, monotony, almost no decorative elements, precision and clarity of composition. The minimalism style is characterized by simplicity.
When creating the design of your apartment, it is very important to consider the correspondence of the color, light and materials used to your temperament.
Calm and brooding moods are usually associated with blues, blues and greens, creating a gentle harmony with a slight presence of warmth. These shades create a peaceful, soothing atmosphere associated with sea and sky. Therefore, the most suitable shade for techno interior decoration will be dark gray with blueness.
Chapter 2. Complex organization of the interior by means of decoration
2.1 Introductory stage
Before doing coursework on the topic of the complex organization of the techno interior by means of decoration, you must familiarize yourself with the requirements. Coursework should:
have the required volume and design must meet the requirements;
include analysis of theoretical and experimental material;
the work must be submitted on time.
be based on the results of independent research;
be sure to have conclusions after each chapter and in the conclusion;
The term paper is drawn up in accordance with the rules for the design of research papers, which should contain: title page, table of contents, introduction, main part, divided into chapters and paragraphs, conclusion indicating the main results of the work and recommendations for their implementation, list of used literature and other sources, applications. The process of performing work should be provided with textbooks, teaching aids, reference and other literature.
The introduction formulates the research problem, the relevance of the topic, the degree of its elaboration. Further, the goals and objectives of the study are formulated, the object, subject are indicated, the structure of the course work is substantiated. The content should reflect all the structural elements of the course work, indicating page numbers. The main part of the course work is presented by chapters that logically reveal the main stages of the study of the problem. Each chapter and paragraph should have a formulated title that reflects the essence of the content. Chapters should be independent structural parts of the course work, each of which contains an introduction, main content and conclusions. In the conclusion, the generalized results of the theoretical and practical development of the topic are presented, the result of solving the tasks set in the introduction is reflected, conclusions, proposals and recommendations for using the results of the work are formulated.
2.2 Foresketch stage
First you need to understand what kind of foresketch is. The etymological dictionary explains that “foreskis” is something that precedes a sketch. To put it simply, a foresketch is a rough draft or sketch, which in the future will become the basis for a sketch and design project. At first glance, a foresketch is an insignificant detail, an unpresentable and undignified part of the work, but after development this foresketch will help to take into account all the details. The task of working on foreskits is to find the compositional, coloristic and tonal organization of image elements on the image plane in accordance with the creative concept. After the approval of the foresketch, its detailed study is carried out.
For this course work, several options for sketches were developed, which helped to determine the topic and conceptual idea. In Appendices 1 and 2, four foreskints can be considered, of which two options were chosen for further detailing.
Figure 1 was chosen from Appendix 1, since in the second the compositional solution was violated, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe conceived concept was also not clearly expressed, the violation of the balance of masses. In other foreskits it is quite difficult to make out the composition, the main element is missing.
2.3 Sketch stage
Two of the sketches presented were revised. The shape and arrangement of objects had already been determined, but implementation and more concrete development still lay ahead. Appendices 1.2 present these sketches. In them you can see a clear idea of \u200b\u200bwhat was conceived, but each sketch has its own advantages. For the first, a lot of detailed objects, a perspective of further refinement and the use of this sketch for the next stages, such as a volumetric object and a relief image. Another sketch - the color palette has already been chosen, the similarity to the stained-glass window and therefore the possibility of using it with the Art Nouveau style. But this sketch has a small flaw - in the process of revision, the balance of the masses was lost.
For the interior decoration, the first sketch was taken, since its concept is associated with technical progress and the situation in the world of technology, the connection between wildlife and technical innovations is traced. This sketch is more versatile in its concept, which can be further developed.
2.4 Design stage
For a techno-themed interior, you need to determine what decoration you can choose. Modern interiors are decorated in a variety of ways. One of the popular options is wall art painting. Today, with its help, you can create an unusual and original room, while you do not have to change the layout or take other complex actions. Artistic wall painting provides an opportunity to "improvise with space", you can even create the illusion of another dimension. In everyday life, painting can be useful when expanding (narrowing) the walls of a room, visually increasing the distance between the ceiling and the floor.
Decorative painting - ornamental and subject compositions created by means of painting on various parts of architectural structures, as well as on items of decorative and applied art.
Painting can be applied to walls in different ways. One of the most popular is airbrushing. This technique involves superimposing images onto surfaces by spraying a powder or liquid dye. You can apply such substances with a spray bottle or use the more convenient paint cans.
Paintings on the walls made with acrylic paints are gaining more and more popularity. This is not surprising. This paint and varnish material is resistant to physical and chemical substances, sunlight, dries quickly. The images you get with these paints are highly water resistant, odorless, and can be quickly and easily corrected during operation. Drawings made with acrylic paints have unusual brightness and liveliness. If you combine acrylic correctly, you can create an exclusive and unique interior. You can use fluorescent paints for wall painting. A drawing made in this way will give the room nobility and luxury.
Artistic painting should emphasize or highlight a certain space, then the picture will become a bright accent in the room. To do this, place it in the central zone, complementing it with a frame in the form of a frame. If the painting is done to mask unsuccessful areas, it should not stand out from the overall interior. Artistic painting unites the interior of the room, connects the space with a common idea and creates a zest. Unlike other design methods, say, the same wallpaper, painting is a unique element.
Thus, painting can be used to decorate this room with techno with elements of high-tech style. To do this, you need to think over the graphic and color solution of the resulting linear sketch.
When using graphics, you need to remember that the more important elements of the sketch can be emphasized with contrasting colors, that is, a combination of black and white. By this principle, we select the body and head of the bird. We also use an imitation of a metallic sheen to increase the texture image. We identify iron elements - nails, gears, springs. We fill the background with soft shading, which will also allow us to highlight the very image of the formed "metal bird".
For the color scheme, you need to choose those colors that would not argue with the overall style of the room. Colors should be restrained and not very bright, not contrasting with each other and smoother. On the basis of the sketch made, and after it was already processed into graphics, a color scheme was invented. The colors used here are lemon, deep dark blue, dark green, light gray and their shades. The torso and head are in contrast to the feathers, and the background is left white. These colors go well with the chosen color of the walls of the room (dark gray with blueness).
Further work was to be done on a relief embodiment of the conceptual idea. For the visual representation of the relief image, the paper-plastic technique was used. Paper and plastic is a kind of mixture of paper sculpture and origami, which turns paper into a plastic material. Working with paper is multifaceted and is carried out in various techniques. Any technique is based on its own, specific constructive techniques.
In paper-making it is: creasing, folding, cutting and cutting, gluing. Creasing (German biegen - to bend) - the operation of applying a straight or curved groove on a sheet of paper. It is necessary for the subsequent folding of paper along this line. Folding is a folding process. Creasing and folding are three-dimensional modeling techniques that form a structural element - a stiffener. Punching is the process of cutting a specific shape into a product or workpiece. And also this is the execution of slots in the workpiece, product. Die-cutting, as applied to paper-plastic, is nothing more than a cut. Nibbling and punching (cuts and cuts) techniques offer powerful tools for visually organizing and shaping paper. Gluing is a way of assembling paper planes. There are also some other ways of designing and obtaining volumetric artistic compositions: embossing with rolls, bending, stretching, twisting.
On the basis of these techniques, a completely new way of decorating a techno interior was invented - a relief image - where the elaborated image of a "mechanical bird" looks completely different and does not resonate with the environment. The use of smooth shapes in the relief image emphasizes the conceptual idea, that is, the combination of technical progress and nature. To emphasize the mechanical elements, sharp breaks in the paper and the contrast of shadow and light were used (slotted triangles on the bird's neck, cavities in the gears). The original sketch shape of the bird was taken as a basis, but we had to resort to changes so that the plastic image looked more laconic and effective.
Another decoration tool is the art object. Art objects are not just beautiful and useful objects. First of all, they are works of art. These unique products can be used in interiors and landscaping. They create a mood or become a kind of "highlight".
There are a wide variety of art objects. They can be decorative or functional. Art objects are made from different materials using a variety of technologies. In most cases, the following elements are used as art objects: Painting, stained glass windows, decorative ceramics, art painting, decorative bas-reliefs, and various sculptures. Thus, there is a demonstration of an unusual vision in the design. Some sculptures can be mistaken for an incomprehensible abstraction. However, it can attract attention and occupy the mind for a long time. In this case, this art object is a bright accent that perfectly copes with its task.
Not all art objects are used as bright spots. In most cases, they are given the role of a background that unites other components of the interior. This sets the sound and tone of the environment. This approach is best demonstrated in artistic painting on ceilings or walls. When you create art objects with your own hands, you need to solve the main problem - to find original ideas. This is what will become the focus of attention. However, art objects must necessarily be combined with the environment, that is, be appropriate. At the same time, they need to stand out against the background of other elements, but at the same time not seem superfluous. After that, you can start choosing the technique and materials that most effectively implement the idea. You need to find something that can really impress.
Nowadays, many art objects are created from plain paper. The Japanese were the first to use this material for decorating and decorating rooms. The paper goes well with stone, bamboo and straw. And for the manufacture of art objects, any varieties of this material are suitable - from thick cardboard to tracing paper.
Also, for the manufacture of art objects, foam is very often used. This material can be painted in any color and is easy to process. After cutting, bulky foam products can be coated with special compounds that will protect them from moisture. Some art objects are created using coins. Electric light is a very effective element in the process of creating art objects. Thanks to him, many items will look unusual. For this, luminous LED lamps are widely used.
Thus, it was decided to create a volumetric art object using paper. To obtain an acceptable volume that fits into this style, it is necessary to preserve the style of the original and the resulting sketches. Leaving the base and conceived geometry, we will be able to more fully and clearly understand the concept. Decorative volumetric objects provide more complete and quicker information on ideas.
2.5 Presentation stage
This stage consists in presenting this idea in the form of a layout assembled from the materials of this course work (see attachments). As a result of the work, an idea was developed, which was embodied in an image made by various means of decoration. Such as graphic design, color painting, embossing and art object. All sketches are combined with each other and correspond to the chosen style. The invented image is easy to read and is clear and simple, since it was assembled in the form of a spatial layout.
Conclusion on chapter 2
Completed coursework requires a thorough acquaintance with the requirements.
Idea selection is fundamental in interior design. For this, several sketches were developed, and subsequently they chose one of them and decided on the concept.
An optimized version of the interior design concept contributes to the further development and search for artistic means of techno interior decoration.
Several means of decoration were used - wall painting, art object, graphics and relief image, using paper plastic.
The presentation stage in the form of a layout allows you to more clearly show the style of the future interior, but also its volumetric-spatial solution.
Conclusion
As a result of the completed coursework, the goal was solved - to offer a comprehensive interior design by means of decoration. This hypothesis was confirmed. Completed all the tasks, such as researching the characteristic features of interior styles corresponding to a given theme; clarify the color scheme of the interior; define artistic means of expression; consider the dependence of the style of the interior on the psychology of its owner; think over the location of art objects; put forward a conceptual idea of \u200b\u200ban integrated interior organization; choose the best sketch option; make a presentation.
After completing this work, you can offer the following recommendations. Before proceeding with interior design, you must carefully study the literature related to this topic. For example, to understand information about style directions, to get acquainted with the literature, which is associated with color features and compositional solutions. Do not forget about the general style and concept of the image, elements of which will be present in all means of decoration of the chosen interior. And also carefully think over and optimize the idea from foresketch to the finished art object.
So, this work helped to solve, in general, an organized thematic solution and its deep study, as well as more fully developed systems for the complex organization of the interior by techno by means of decoration.
Bibliography
Baryshnikov A.P., Lyamin I.V. Basics of composition, All-Union educational and pedagogical publishing house "TRUDREZERVIZDAT", 1951, 203
Itten Johannes, The Art of Color (Kunst der Farbe) Translator: Lyudmila Monakhova., D. Aronov 2007 96 p.
Kandinsky Vasily, Point and line on a plane, "Alphabet-classic" 2006, 125 p.
Makarova V. Design of premises. Interior styles on examples of St. Petersburg: BHV-Petersburg, 2011 .-- 160 p.
Willis David, Color in the interior. 1000 successful combinations (Home Color Bible), Content, 2012 348s.
Avis Melanie, Avis John. Interior. Choosing a color design Translator: R. Tsfasman Publisher: Niola 21st century 2006 168 pp.
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