Poorly healing wounds are a serious problem. They can indicate the presence of a pathological process in the human body. The reasons for this condition are many. Restoring skin after damage takes place in several stages, which can be affected by different factors.
An important role in the healing process is played by the state of immunity, the presence of chronic diseases, the timeliness of first aid.
Main reasons
If the wounds do not heal well, something is missing in the body, or some process affects the skin. The main factors that can affect the healing of damage are:
- infections. After injury or during the treatment of a wound, pathogenic microorganisms may enter it. This condition is characterized by an increase in body temperature, the appearance of suppuration, red stripes on the skin, swelling and severe pain. Treatment consists of cleansing, killing bacteria and suturing. In advanced cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary;
- diabetes. With diabetes, skin lesions heal very poorly. This is due to edema of the extremities, circulatory disorders, which subsequently limits the nutrition of cells and helps to weaken the immune system. In this case, a large wound can develop from a scratch. First, the lesions crack, dry out, then purulent processes begin, the wound turns red and hurts. You can fix this problem only by starting treatment for the underlying disease. Such wounds must be treated with antiseptic agents and special ointments with antibacterial properties;
- age. The elderly have many health problems that negatively affect the process of tissue repair. In such cases, the treatment consists of cleansing, washing the wound and antibiotic therapy;
- lack of vitamins in the body. Poorly healing wounds can be a consequence of vitamin deficiency. Most often, the problem of a lack of vitamins occurs in children. With such a problem, any abrasion will not heal well. This condition can occur due to a lack of calcium, zinc, vitamin A or B vitamins. These vitamins and trace elements are actively involved in skin regeneration, if there are enough of them in the body, then any damage heals quickly. With vitamin deficiency, hair also falls out, nails break, teeth and bones deteriorate. Treatment should be carried out only by a specialist after a thorough examination. The doctor selects a complex of vitamins that the child lacks. Only eliminating the cause can speed up the healing process;
- injuries after tooth extraction. This operation negatively affects the condition of the whole organism. Gum or bone injuries may appear, inflammation develops. If inflammation has begun at the site of tooth extraction, the wound does not heal, the temperature rises, severe pain appears that cannot be eliminated with painkillers, the gum swells, and a putrid breath is felt. If such symptoms appear, it is necessary to visit a doctor and begin treatment of inflammation immediately. In such cases, anti-inflammatory drugs, rinses with antiseptic solutions, vitamins, analgesics, and in some cases antibiotics are prescribed.
Other factors
The skin also does not heal well with circulatory disorders at the site of damage, in the presence of inflammation in the body, with malignant processes, obesity or exhaustion of the body. A human immunodeficiency virus can also cause this problem. These problems affect tissue regeneration processes in this way:
- With poor blood circulation, the damaged area does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients that it needs for normal scarring.
- Weak immune system. HIV, hepatitis, stress - these factors negatively affect the functioning of the immune system, and the body becomes defenseless against bacteria.
- Improper wound care. Those who wonder why the wound does not heal in any way should know that care for the damage plays an important role in this process. If you do not treat the wound with an antiseptic, do not apply a bandage, you may encounter an infection.
- Some types of damage cannot heal quickly. These include lacerations or deep wounds with a large distance between the edges.
- Certain medications can slow down skin repair processes. Aspirin and glucocorticoids possess such properties.
Therefore, in order for the tissues to begin to recover normally, it is necessary to determine the cause of the problem and eliminate it.
Treatment methods
In order not to have problems with wound healing, you need to know how to properly care for a damaged place. How well the tissue regenerates depends on proper processing.
In case of damage to the skin, it is necessary:
- apply an antiseptic to the wound and the skin around it. Perfectly eliminate the risk of infection, iodine and hydrogen peroxide. They should be in each person’s first-aid kit. Before applying such products, you should wash your hands well with soap or wear sterile gloves, if any;
- in some cases, it is necessary to use antibacterial agents within a few hours after receiving an injury. Only a specialist should prescribe such drugs;
- bandage should be applied to the wound. It is advisable to use materials that allow the skin to breathe. Experts recommend applying wet dressings and changing them twice a day;
- if purulent processes begin, it is necessary to use an ointment with pulling properties. At the same time, dressings are done at least three times a day. Vishnevsky ointment is popular for such situations;
- in the absence of an inflammatory process, a drying gel can be applied to the damaged area to accelerate tissue regeneration;
- it is important to eat properly so that all the necessary vitamins and minerals that affect the healing process get into the body.
Ointments for scarring tissue
The whole healing process consists of several stages. These are: inflammation, regeneration and scar formation. Therefore, in order for the recovery to be successful, it is enough to know which remedy and when to use:
- At the stage of inflammation, infection must be prevented. For this, ointments Levomekol, Levosin, Betadin, Nitatsid, miramistin ointment are suitable.
- At the second stage, discharge from the wound is reduced, and the regeneration processes are accelerated. At the same time, you can help the body with the help of such means as D-Panthenol, Bepanten, Actovegin.
- In the second and third stage, ointment “Rescuer” helps well. It consists of natural ingredients and is approved for the treatment of children, pregnant and lactating women.
It should be remembered that with the development of a purulent-inflammatory process for several days, no ointments should be applied. They can slow the healing of a wound.
With burns and trophic ulcers, Streptolaven helps. It is advisable to consult a doctor with such problems, as putrefactive processes in wounds can have serious consequences for the whole body.
False public perceptions of HIV make the lives of infected people unbearable. Discover the most common myths about HIV that you need to get rid of.
Since the very first HIV diagnosis, doctors and scientists have made tremendous steps in identifying and treating this disease. Modern society knows much more about HIV, but the false beliefs about the virus have not completely disappeared and continue to cause fear and panic, for example, the myth that one can become infected through an open wound. Learn the truth about 14 myths about HIV.
The virus is transmitted only through sexual contact and blood transfusion.
Myth 1: HIV means the same as AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks and destroys CD4 antigenic markers of helper T-lymphocytes - cells that fight infection and disease. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a late stage in the development of HIV infection in which the human immune system is significantly weakened. Without proper treatment, most HIV cases become AIDS within a few years. In fact, many experts use the word “HIV” and the word “AIDS”, since these are stages of the same disease, but with modern HIV treatment methods, it is often possible to prevent the development of AIDS.
Myth 2: HIV Can Be Cured Today
HIV is an incurable disease. There is no HIV vaccine to date, but research is ongoing. Scientists managed to create drugs that help control the virus, so its spread can be significantly slowed down. If you take your treatment seriously, follow all doctor's prescriptions, you can live a long life with HIV. In countries where medicine is developed, HIV-infected people can live as long as healthy people.
Myth 3: HIV is transmitted through any contact
The human immunodeficiency virus outside the body dies very quickly. In addition, it is not found in all body fluids, for example, in tears, sweat and saliva it is not. Thus, the virus is not transmitted by touch, hugs, kisses, handshakes and other daily contacts. The virus is not transmitted by domestic means, even if you use one toilet, shower, kitchen utensils.
Myth 4: Blood transfusion is the most common way to get HIV.
Several years ago, when there were no modern blood tests, HIV was sometimes transmitted through blood transfusions or organ transplants from HIV-infected people. However, due to accurate blood tests, HIV infections in this way have not been recorded in developed countries for 20 years.
Myth 5: HIV can be infected through oral sex.
Almost all cases of HIV infection through sexual contact occur during unprotected vaginal or anal sex; infection during oral sex is extremely rare, since the virus is not transmitted through saliva. A condom is the maximum protection against infection.
Myth 6: HIV can be infected through a toilet seat
Using the same toilet with an HIV-infected person does not pose any threat, since the virus is not transmitted by domestic means. HIV is a very fragile virus; it dies quickly and cannot multiply outside the carrier’s body. Thus, the use of a shared toilet is not dangerous for a healthy person.
Myth 7: Open wounds or contact with blood can cause HIV infection.
This myth is part of the theory of HIV transmission, which in the real world has no evidence. There were no cases of HIV transmission through an open wound (except for cases when the infected person inflicts the wound, for example, through an infected syringe). Infection is only possible if the uninfected has come into contact with a large, fresh, bleeding wound (small cuts and scratches usually begin to heal a maximum of an hour after being wounded). Contact with large amounts of contaminated blood (such as happens with ambulance personnel) can be risky without proper protection, such as disposable gloves. However, there have been no cases of transmission of the virus by contact with blood at home, in a restaurant or during communication.
Myth 8: HIV is transmitted through joint masturbation.
When the hands come into contact with the genitals, even if there is secretions, and if saliva is used as a lubricant, HIV is not transmitted. The same applies to the contact of the hands with the vagina or anus, even if there are scratches or cuts on the hands. Cases of HIV infection in this way have not been established.
Myth 9: Mosquitoes carry HIV
You cannot get HIV through the bite of a mosquito or other blood-sucking insect. When an insect bites, it does not inject you with the blood of a person who has been bitten before.
Myth 10: HIV can be identified by symptoms
HIV does not always cause symptoms. Sometimes infected people develop flu-like symptoms a few weeks after infection. However, most often it takes about 10 years for the symptoms to manifest - this time is called the latent period. Due to the fact that the symptoms of HIV are hidden and coincide with the symptoms of other diseases, the only way to check yourself is to get tested.
Myth 11: Drug therapy is optional at the onset of the disease.
HIV can significantly weaken the immune system. HIV is a serious disease that can be life-threatening, so an infected person should seek medical attention as soon as possible. Early treatment can help limit or slow down the destruction of the immune system and delay the moment HIV becomes AIDS.
Myth 12: Sex between HIV-infected is safe
Choosing an HIV-infected partner for sex is not necessarily safe for the carrier of the virus. There are many strains of HIV; accordingly, the risk of contracting another type of virus that will not respond to treatment is increased. In addition, unprotected sexual contact can cause infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes.
Myth 13: A child from an HIV-positive mother will also be HIV-positive.
HIV-infected mothers can pass the virus to the baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. However, pregnant HIV-positive women, as a rule, do everything to reduce the risk of infection of the fetus: they begin treatment in early pregnancy and avoid breastfeeding, which minimizes the risk of infection.
Myth 14: HIV and AIDS are not deadly diseases.
HIV and AIDS are a global problem. More than 34 million people in the world are infected with HIV. More than 2.7 million people were infected in 2010, and in Russia in 2011 - 62,000 people. HIV research is one of the priorities in world medicine, as it aims to stop the spread of HIV, find new treatments and, possibly, create a vaccine against this disease.
Recent studies have shown that early treatment
HIV reduces the risk of contracting a sexual partner by 95%.
Expert: Galina Filippova, general practitioner, candidate of medical sciences
Olga Gorodetskaya
HIV is a virus that robs the human body of defenses by destroying the immune system. This disease became known in the 80s of the 20th century, when scientists found out that in an adult infected with HIV a person's immunity became weak, like in a newborn.
The disease is called AIDS - an immune deficiency syndrome. The human immunodeficiency virus was officially announced in 1983.
Now the disease is so widespread that it has become an epidemic. Presumably now 50 million people in the world are carriers of the virus.
There is no medicine that can restore human immunity, so prevention is the only way to combat HIV.
In the human body, nature has laid the mechanism by which immune cells produce antibodies that can withstand microorganisms with foreign genetic information. When antigens enter the body, lymphocytes begin to work in it. They recognize the enemy and neutralize him, but when the body is infected with a virus, the protective barriers are destroyed and a person can die a year after infection. However, there are cases when the infected lived up to 20 years, as HIV is a “slow” virus, the symptoms of which may not appear for more than 10 years and a person remains unaware of his state of health.
After penetration into the body, viral cells attach to the blood cells and spread with blood flow through the body, affecting the lymph nodes, since it is in them that there are more immune cells. The immune system is not able to adequately respond to the attacks of the virus, because it does not recognize it, and HIV slowly destroys the immune cells, and when their number decreases to the minimum and becomes critical, AIDS is diagnosed - the last stage of the disease. This stage lasts from 3 months to two years. During this period, AIDS progresses and affects the mucous membranes, lungs, intestines, and nervous system. This happens because the protective barrier in the form of immune cells is destroyed and the body cannot resist pathogens. As a result, a person dies not from HIV, but from another secondary infection.
Most often, AIDS develops pneumonia and intestinal disorders with diarrhea that lasts for several months, as a result of which a person begins to lose weight dramatically, and his body becomes dehydrated. As a result of research, scientists found that the cause of intestinal disorders in AIDS is fungi of the genus Candida, salmonella, as well as tuberculosis bacteria and cytomegalovirus. Often, an organism weakened by the action of HIV becomes infected with meningitis, encephalitis, and a brain tumor develops. A person's intellectual abilities decrease, the brain atrophies, dementia develops. In infected people, mucous membranes are affected, erosions and cancerous tumors appear on the skin.
According to the updated version of the classification of HIV, there are 5 stages of development:
- The incubation period is up to 90 days. Clinical manifestations are absent.
- The appearance of primary symptoms, which are divided into periods A, B, C. Period 2A - no symptoms. Period 2B - the first manifestations of infection, similar to the course of other infectious diseases. 2B - manifests itself in the form of tonsillitis, herpes, candidiasis, pneumonia, but at this stage of the development of the disease, infections respond well to treatment. Period 2B lasts 21 days.
- The disease progresses and a short-term increase in lymph nodes occurs. The duration of the period is from 2-3 to 20 years. At this time, there is a decrease in the number of lymphocytes.
- Destruction of T-4 lymphocytes and, as a result, the development of cancer and infectious diseases. At this stage, symptoms may periodically subside on their own or under the influence of medication. The fourth stage includes periods A, B and C.
- 4A - mucous membranes and the skin are affected by bacteria and viruses, the number of diseases of the upper respiratory tract is more frequent in humans.
- 4B - skin diseases continue to progress, and internal organs and the nervous system are affected, marked weight loss begins.
- 4B - the disease is life threatening.
- The destruction in the body is irreversible. A person dies in 3-12 months.
HIV does not have its own symptoms and can mask as any infectious disease. In this case, vesicles, pustules, lichen, seborrheic dermatitis appear on the skin. The virus can only be detected with the help of tests: an HIV test. When a virus is detected as a result of a blood test, a person becomes HIV-seropositive, which means: antibodies to the virus have formed in the human body, but the disease has not yet manifested. However, HIV can not be detected immediately after infection. It can occur only after a few months, so a person does not know about his disease.
More about the disease
Viruses are constantly present in the life of every person.These are FLU, herpes, hepatitis, AIDS retrovirus and other viral and infectious diseases. All viruses cause complications to the human body and therefore require antiviral therapy. There are a huge number of viruses and they constantly mutate, so there is no one most effective drug that can cope with any infection. To combat each virus, different antiviral drugs are used. The action of antiretroviral drugs is based on the mechanism of suspension of the “punching” of AIDS virus cells.
Antiretroviral drugs are divided into main groups:
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs): zalcitabine, stavudine and others. These drugs are highly toxic, but most HIV-infected people tolerate them well. Side effects are noted in 5% of infected.
- Protease Inhibitors (PIs): Ritonavir, Nelfinavir, Lapinavir and others.
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): Delaverdin, Efavirenz. These drugs are effectively used in combination with NRTIs. Side effects from taking this type of drug are observed on average in 35% of infected.
The virus, destroying the immune system, destroys the barriers to other viruses and infections. In order to prevent the development of opportunistic infections, that is, those that are constantly present in the body of any person and are considered conditionally pathogenic, preventive (prophylactic) therapy is applied to the virus infected with antimicrobial drugs that do not affect the virus but suppress opportunistic microflora .
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In addition to opportunistic infections, a person with a retrovirus is constantly threatened by other infectious diseases, for the prevention of which vaccination (immunization) is used. However, it is effective only at the initial stage of the disease, when the immune system still functions normally, therefore it is recommended that HIV-infected people be vaccinated against influenza, pneumococci.
Since HIV-infected people cannot resist infections, the Salmonella bacterium is a serious danger to them, so you should avoid eating raw eggs and thermally poorly processed poultry. With caution, HIV-infected people should also visit many countries where tuberculosis infection is not excluded.
Symptoms of HIV in the early and late stages in men and women
Women are more susceptible to HIV, as their immunity at different periods of life is weaker than that of men. This is the period of pregnancy and menstruation. HIV is dangerous not only for a woman, but also for her baby, as it can be transmitted during pregnancy and when breastfeeding.
To prevent this, women need to know about the early symptoms of HIV disease. In the early stages, HIV symptoms in women manifest in the form of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin itching, rash, sore throat, muscles and joints. In the oral cavity ulcers appear, the lymph nodes in the neck, in the groin and in the armpit increase. Since similar symptoms of HIV are also characteristic of other infectious diseases, the cause can only be determined with the help of tests.
In the later stages of HIV, women manifest by the appearance of ulcers and abscesses on the genitals, lesions of the oral mucosa that look like ulcers in stomatitis, herpes worsens, warts form, the menstrual cycle is disturbed and sexual dysfunction develops. The occurrence of anorexia is not ruled out. Due to the destruction of the immune system, oncological diseases develop: cervical cancer, lymphoma, sarcoma.
With this course of the disease, the life span is reduced rapidly.In this state, a woman can no longer live a normal life, as she is bedridden. The course and symptoms of the disease in men is somewhat different from women. Usually, in the early stages, the infection in them is manifested by symptoms similar to ARVI: fever, fever. At the initial stage (about 20 days after infection), a characteristic rash appears among other symptoms of HIV. The first symptoms quickly go away and an asymptomatic period sets in.
Enlarged lymph nodes, characteristic of HIV infection, also pass. When the disease reaches a late stage of development, the man begins to experience a constant feeling of fatigue, he is concerned about incessant diarrhea, and white spots appear in his mouth, while the swelling of the lymph nodes lasts several months. All these symptoms in men and women infected with HIV arise from the destruction of immune cells by the virus.
For the same reason, in HIV patients, the wounds do not heal for a long time, the gums bleed. Due to the development of the virus, acute respiratory viral infections, tuberculosis, and pneumonia become constant companions of HIV-infected people. To determine the level of viral load or the amount of virus in the blood, tests are performed. According to the test results, doctors determine the rate of spread of the virus throughout the body. Test scores may change throughout life, but if the load is stably high for several months, this is a signal of disease progress.
To obtain reliable information about the condition of an infected person, a blood test is used to determine the immune status (immunogram). Analyzes and tests will not be able to give an exact answer to the question: how much is left to live, since each person develops a virus individually and accordingly there may be differences in the symptoms of HIV.
How HIV is transmitted: major risk groups and vaccinations for HIV
To date, HIV has been well studied and the development of the disease has been learned to contain.
However, this does not make it less dangerous, and therefore, everyone should know how HIV is transmitted and what to do in order not to become infected with it.
The risk of becoming infected with HIV is, in the first place, people who often change sexual partners, practice homosexual contacts, anal sex and use the services of prostitutes. And given how much such relationships have become popular in the modern world, the risk of infection has increased and HIV can be transmitted to people with high social status. The virus enters the body through blood, milk from mother to baby, sperm and vaginal discharge.
HIV is not transmitted through saliva, feces and urine, so the household route of infection is excluded and exists only hypothetically.
Since the virus is unstable and dies when boiled for 1 minute or at 57 degrees after 30 minutes, it’s enough to follow basic precautions in everyday life so that HIV is not transmitted. At risk for HIV infection are people who use narcotic drugs intravenously, because when intoxicated, the sense of danger is dulled and sharing syringes is not ruled out.
It is rare, but not excluded, that HIV is transmitted through transfusion of infected blood, since the virus does not immediately show activity after penetration into the human body and can be detected using tests: HIV tests. Medical workers working with open wounds of patients are at risk. After infection, antibodies begin to be produced in the body, and they are detected during analysis, and the person is considered HIV-seropositive. However, this only means that the presence of HIV is possible in the blood.
If a blood test revealed HIV seropositivity, it is necessary to protect yourself from infections that become deadly for the infected, using vaccinations against the flu, pneumococcus. However, only a doctor should determine the timing of immunization, as HIV-infected people have a higher risk of side effects. To decide on the possibility of vaccination, doctors prescribe tests to determine the immune status.
AIDS: what is it, its diagnosis and transmission
If a person is diagnosed with HIV infection, this does not mean that he is sick with AIDS, since AIDS is the fifth, last stage of the disease, which can occur 20 years after infection. AIDS is diagnosed in humans when the immune system is destroyed and is no longer able to resist viruses and infections.
In 80% of cases, HIV is transmitted sexually through semen and vaginal discharge, in almost 10% through syringes, in about 10% of cases, the virus is transmitted from mother to newborn baby, including through breast milk. Health workers become infected with HIV in 0.01% of cases.
note
In everyday life, HIV cannot be infected through dishes, in a pool or bath, when coughing or sneezing, but it can be done, for example, in a tattoo parlor if the instruments are processed in violation of the technology, since the virus is contained in the blood.
Timely diagnosis of HIV is crucial, because if you catch the disease at an early stage, the destructive effect of the virus and its transition to the AIDS stage can be noticeably stopped and prevent it from quickly destroying the immune system. However, due to the absence of symptoms, diagnosis at the first stage of the disease is almost impossible and difficult at the second stage.
You can suspect infection with the AIDS virus if there is not motivated fatigue and a short-term rise in body temperature to 39 degrees. At the same time, a person has a sharp weight loss with diarrhea syndrome. With such symptoms, it is necessary to exclude HIV infection using laboratory tests.
Symptoms of AIDS in women and men, its treatment and prevention
In women, the symptoms of AIDS differ from the manifestations of the disease in men. As a rule, HIV in women is manifested by vaginal diseases and disorders of the genitourinary system, for example, relapses of candidiasis (thrush) occur. Herpes can worsen, and ulcers and warts appear on the mucous membranes of the genital organs. Regardless of the time of day or time of year, a woman develops symptoms of fever with profuse sweating.
note
A characteristic symptom of AIDS is loss of appetite and weight loss, an irresistible desire to sleep due to a constant feeling of tiredness.
Symptoms of AIDS in men disguise as an influenza: temperature rises, a person experiences chills, headache of varying intensity. A rash appears on the skin, and discoloration of the skin occurs in some areas. The lymph nodes on the neck, in the inguinal zone and under the armpits are enlarged and become hard to the touch, but not painful.
The appetite disappears, the weight decreases and the person constantly experiences a feeling of fatigue. Such an acute period lasts about two weeks, and then the symptoms disappear for several months or even years. This is misleading and the man continues to live a normal life, allowing the virus to continue to destroy the immune system. When the last stage of the disease occurs in a man, all chronic infectious ailments worsen.
HIV may not show symptoms for a long time if the man’s immune system is strong. However, the rash appears 2 weeks after infection.
Initial treatment for AIDS symptoms is possible with antiviral drugs. However, over time, the immunodeficiency virus gets used to antiviral drugs and therapy becomes ineffective.
An increase in the dose of drugs only leads to an overdose and an increase in side effects.AIDS is not treatable, but at some point, antiviral medications have the effect of stabilizing the symptoms of the disease. Homeopathic medicines are used to strengthen immunity in the treatment of AIDS symptoms, which help the body resist secondary infections. In order to strengthen immunity, immunomodulators and immuno-substitutes are used. However, in the treatment of AIDS, it is necessary to select truly effective drugs that give not only a psychological effect, since their own immunity is gradually weakening.
In addition, when using immunomodulators, it must be taken into account that these drugs are not harmless, since with an overdose they can have the opposite effect, which is doubly dangerous in AIDS. Therefore, doctors conduct therapy with immunomodulators in cycles. Mankind has not yet learned how to treat HIV and AIDS, but modern medicine can keep the virus in a state of sluggish disease, therefore it is important to diagnose the virus in a timely manner and begin to suppress its symptoms.
HIV and AIDS Prevention
The best treatment is to avoid getting AIDS. The largest percentage of infection occurs through sexual contact, as the mucous membranes and the urethra have a high degree of permeability to the virus. Those who practice anal sex are at great risk, since the intestinal walls are very vulnerable.
According to the WHO, 75% of those infected are homosexuals and women who have anal sex with men. Avoiding anal sex reduces the risk of HIV infection. Since the virus also enters the body through the blood, you should not take risks and visit dubious tattoo parlors, random dental clinics, manicure rooms, where the processing technology of instruments is disrupted.
It is necessary to regularly take tests if sexual partners often change. The domestic way of AIDS transmission is practically excluded, since in the external environment the virus is quickly destroyed. However, infection with the razor and personal care products is possible. Therefore, you should not use other people's objects in a hostel.
Source: impotencija.net
When it enters the bloodstream, the virus attaches to the cells responsible for the immune system. In cells, the reproduction of the virus begins, which contributes to its rapid spread throughout the body. The immune system does not respond to its presence, because it is damaged and cannot function productively.
HIV can change, which also makes it difficult to identify. The number of lymphocytes affected by it is gradually growing, approaching critical indicators. Ultimately, AIDS begins.
The presence of the virus in the body may not appear for years. But about half of those infected after 1.5 months have the first signs called the febrile phase.
During this period, increased body temperature, pain in the goal, painful increase, headache, joint pain, loss of appetite are observed. Rashes appear on the skin, ulcers on the mucous membranes.
This phase is followed by an asymptomatic, proceeding up to 10 years. Its duration depends on the rate of reproduction of the virus. The last stage is AIDS.
AIDS as the final stage
In the first stage of AIDS, a significant decrease in body weight occurs, the skin and mucous membranes become especially vulnerable to bacterial and fungal diseases. The mucous membrane of the mouth is affected by candida, resulting in a white coating.
A mouth is characteristic, in which white plaques with grooves appear on the lateral sides of the tongue. Often there is shingles, characterized by painful rashes on large areas of the body. Rashes are composed of many bubbles.
The patient becomes susceptible to herpes infection, sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media. As a result of the pathogenic effect of the virus, a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood progresses.
The main function of platelets is blood coagulation, because the patient has difficulty healing wounds. There is also bleeding gums.
In the second stage of AIDS, weight loss progresses; it exceeds 10% of normal. The patient suffers from digestive disorders, prolonged diarrhea.
Patients often suffer diseases of the respiratory system: tuberculosis, pneumonia. Malignant neoplasms occur on the skin, which is called Kaposi's sarcoma. Dysfunction of the lymphatic system progresses.